메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 24, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 292-306

Predicting dermal absorption of gas-phase chemicals: Transient model development, evaluation, and application

Author keywords

Dermal permeability; Percutaneous transport; Phthalates; Skin absorption; Stratum corneum; Vapor absorption

Indexed keywords

BLOOD; BOUNDARY LAYERS; ESTERS;

EID: 84899633750     PISSN: 09056947     EISSN: 16000668     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/ina.12079     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (75)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 0033062152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrogen bonding part 46: a review of the correlation and prediction of transport properties by an LFER method: physicochemical properties, brain penetration and skin permeability
    • Abraham, M.H., Chadha, H.S., Martins, F., Mitchell, R.C., Bradbury, M.W. and Gratton, J.A. (1999) Hydrogen bonding part 46: a review of the correlation and prediction of transport properties by an LFER method: physicochemical properties, brain penetration and skin permeability, Pestic. Sci., 55, 78-88.
    • (1999) Pestic. Sci. , vol.55 , pp. 78-88
    • Abraham, M.H.1    Chadha, H.S.2    Martins, F.3    Mitchell, R.C.4    Bradbury, M.W.5    Gratton, J.A.6
  • 2
    • 38349116598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human volunteer study on the inhalational and dermal absorption of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) from the vapour phase
    • Bader, M., Wrbitzky, R., Blaszkewicz, M., Schäper, M. and van Thriel, C. (2008) Human volunteer study on the inhalational and dermal absorption of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) from the vapour phase, Arch. Toxicol., 82, 13-20.
    • (2008) Arch. Toxicol. , vol.82 , pp. 13-20
    • Bader, M.1    Wrbitzky, R.2    Blaszkewicz, M.3    Schäper, M.4    van Thriel, C.5
  • 3
    • 0028898732 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative structure-activity relationships for skin permeability
    • Barratt, M. (1995) Quantitative structure-activity relationships for skin permeability, Toxicol. In Vitro, 9, 27-37.
    • (1995) Toxicol. In Vitro , vol.9 , pp. 27-37
    • Barratt, M.1
  • 4
    • 84876513894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Children's phthalate intakes and resultant cumulative exposures estimated from urine compared with estimates from dust ingestion, inhalation and dermal absorption in their homes and daycare centers
    • Bekö, G., Weschler, C.J., Langer, S., Callesen, M., Toftum, J. and Clausen, G. (2013) Children's phthalate intakes and resultant cumulative exposures estimated from urine compared with estimates from dust ingestion, inhalation and dermal absorption in their homes and daycare centers, PLoS ONE, 8, e62442.
    • (2013) PLoS ONE , vol.8
    • Bekö, G.1    Weschler, C.J.2    Langer, S.3    Callesen, M.4    Toftum, J.5    Clausen, G.6
  • 5
    • 72049101462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of percutaneous absorption and metabolism of di-n-butylphthalate in various species
    • Beydon, D., Payan, J. and Grandclaude, M. (2010) Comparison of percutaneous absorption and metabolism of di-n-butylphthalate in various species, Toxicol. In Vitro, 24, 71-78.
    • (2010) Toxicol. In Vitro , vol.24 , pp. 71-78
    • Beydon, D.1    Payan, J.2    Grandclaude, M.3
  • 7
    • 0032211053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dermal uptake of solvents from the vapour phase; an experimental study in humans
    • Brooke, I., Cocker, J., Delic, J., Payne, M., Jones, K., Gregg, N. and Dyne, D. (1998) Dermal uptake of solvents from the vapour phase; an experimental study in humans, Ann. Occup. Hyg., 42, 531-540.
    • (1998) Ann. Occup. Hyg. , vol.42 , pp. 531-540
    • Brooke, I.1    Cocker, J.2    Delic, J.3    Payne, M.4    Jones, K.5    Gregg, N.6    Dyne, D.7
  • 8
    • 0028855654 scopus 로고
    • A new method for estimating dermal absorption from chemical exposure: 2. Effect of molecular weight and octanol-water partitioning
    • Bunge, A. and Cleek, R. (1995) A new method for estimating dermal absorption from chemical exposure: 2. Effect of molecular weight and octanol-water partitioning, Pharm. Res., 12, 88-95.
    • (1995) Pharm. Res. , vol.12 , pp. 88-95
    • Bunge, A.1    Cleek, R.2
  • 9
    • 0028998977 scopus 로고
    • A new method for estimating dermal absorption from chemical exposure. 3. Compared with steady-state methods for prediction and data analysis
    • Bunge, A., Cleek, R. and Vecchia, B. (1995) A new method for estimating dermal absorption from chemical exposure. 3. Compared with steady-state methods for prediction and data analysis, Pharm. Res., 12, 972-982.
    • (1995) Pharm. Res. , vol.12 , pp. 972-982
    • Bunge, A.1    Cleek, R.2    Vecchia, B.3
  • 10
    • 0027521082 scopus 로고
    • A new method for estimating dermal absorption from chemical exposure. 1. General approach
    • Cleek, R. and Bunge, A. (1993) A new method for estimating dermal absorption from chemical exposure. 1. General approach, Pharm. Res., 10, 497-506.
    • (1993) Pharm. Res. , vol.10 , pp. 497-506
    • Cleek, R.1    Bunge, A.2
  • 11
    • 84873526935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design and performance of a spreadsheet-based model for estimating bioavailability of chemicals from dermal exposure
    • Dancik, Y., Miller, M.A., Jaworska, J. and Kasting, G.B. (2013) Design and performance of a spreadsheet-based model for estimating bioavailability of chemicals from dermal exposure, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 65, 221-236.
    • (2013) Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. , vol.65 , pp. 221-236
    • Dancik, Y.1    Miller, M.A.2    Jaworska, J.3    Kasting, G.B.4
  • 12
    • 0031132414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convective and radiative heat transfer coefficients for individual human body segments
    • De Dear, R.J., Arens, E., Hui, Z. and Oguro, M. (1997) Convective and radiative heat transfer coefficients for individual human body segments, Int. J. Biometeorol., 40, 141-156.
    • (1997) Int. J. Biometeorol. , vol.40 , pp. 141-156
    • De Dear, R.J.1    Arens, E.2    Hui, Z.3    Oguro, M.4
  • 13
    • 33846854208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo estimation of stratum corneum thickness from water concentration profiles obtained with Raman spectroscopy
    • Egawa, M., Hirao, T. and Takahashi, M. (2007) In vivo estimation of stratum corneum thickness from water concentration profiles obtained with Raman spectroscopy, Acta Derm. Venereol., 87, 4-8.
    • (2007) Acta Derm. Venereol. , vol.87 , pp. 4-8
    • Egawa, M.1    Hirao, T.2    Takahashi, M.3
  • 16
    • 43249084233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The transient dermal exposure: theory and experimental examples using skin and silicone membranes
    • Frasch, H.F. and Barbero, A.M. (2008) The transient dermal exposure: theory and experimental examples using skin and silicone membranes, J. Pharm. Sci., 97, 1578-1592.
    • (2008) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.97 , pp. 1578-1592
    • Frasch, H.F.1    Barbero, A.M.2
  • 17
    • 2442466688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of phthalates and musk fragrances in indoor air and dust from apartments and kindergartens in Berlin (Germany)
    • Fromme, H., Lahrz, T., Piloty, M., Gebhart, H., Oddoy, A. and Ruden, H. (2004) Occurrence of phthalates and musk fragrances in indoor air and dust from apartments and kindergartens in Berlin (Germany), Indoor Air, 14, 188-195.
    • (2004) Indoor Air , vol.14 , pp. 188-195
    • Fromme, H.1    Lahrz, T.2    Piloty, M.3    Gebhart, H.4    Oddoy, A.5    Ruden, H.6
  • 18
    • 77950961735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of 1-octanol-air partition coefficient using gaseous diffusion in the air boundary layer
    • Ha, Y. and Kwon, J.H. (2010) Determination of 1-octanol-air partition coefficient using gaseous diffusion in the air boundary layer, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 3041-3046.
    • (2010) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.44 , pp. 3041-3046
    • Ha, Y.1    Kwon, J.H.2
  • 19
    • 77949600626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of endocrine disruptors and obesity: perspectives from epidemiological studies
    • Hatch, E.E., Nelson, J.W., Stahlhut, R.W. and Webster, T.F. (2010) Association of endocrine disruptors and obesity: perspectives from epidemiological studies, Int. J. Androl., 33, 324-331.
    • (2010) Int. J. Androl. , vol.33 , pp. 324-331
    • Hatch, E.E.1    Nelson, J.W.2    Stahlhut, R.W.3    Webster, T.F.4
  • 20
    • 84860240711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicted risk of childhood allergy, asthma, and reported symptoms using measured phthalate exposure in dust and urine
    • Hsu, N.Y., Lee, C.C., Wang, J.Y., Li, Y.C., Chang, H.W., Chen, C.Y., Bornehag, C.G., Wu, P.C., Sundell, J. and Su, H.J. (2012) Predicted risk of childhood allergy, asthma, and reported symptoms using measured phthalate exposure in dust and urine, Indoor Air, 22, 186-199.
    • (2012) Indoor Air , vol.22 , pp. 186-199
    • Hsu, N.Y.1    Lee, C.C.2    Wang, J.Y.3    Li, Y.C.4    Chang, H.W.5    Chen, C.Y.6    Bornehag, C.G.7    Wu, P.C.8    Sundell, J.9    Su, H.J.10
  • 21
    • 79959882620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between semen quality in workers and the concentration of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in polyvinyl chloride pellet plant air
    • Huang, L.-P., Lee, C.-C., Hsu, P.-C. and Shih, T.-S. (2011) The association between semen quality in workers and the concentration of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in polyvinyl chloride pellet plant air, Fertil. Steril., 96, 90-94.
    • (2011) Fertil. Steril. , vol.96 , pp. 90-94
    • Huang, L.-P.1    Lee, C.-C.2    Hsu, P.-C.3    Shih, T.-S.4
  • 22
    • 0027985574 scopus 로고
    • Epidermal turnover time
    • Iizuka, H. (1994) Epidermal turnover time, J. Dermatol. Sci., 8, 215-217.
    • (1994) J. Dermatol. Sci. , vol.8 , pp. 215-217
    • Iizuka, H.1
  • 23
    • 34547650603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic uptake of diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and butyl paraben following whole-body topical application and reproductive and thyroid hormone levels in humans
    • Janjua, N.R., Mortensen, G.K., Andersson, A.M., Kongshoj, B., Skakkebæk, N.E. and Wulf, H.C. (2007) Systemic uptake of diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and butyl paraben following whole-body topical application and reproductive and thyroid hormone levels in humans, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 5564-5570.
    • (2007) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.41 , pp. 5564-5570
    • Janjua, N.R.1    Mortensen, G.K.2    Andersson, A.M.3    Kongshoj, B.4    Skakkebæk, N.E.5    Wulf, H.C.6
  • 24
    • 40349110850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary excretion of phthalates and paraben after repeated whole-body topical application in humans
    • Janjua, N.R., Frederiksen, H., Skakkebæk, N.E., Wulf, H.C. and Andersson, A.M. (2008) Urinary excretion of phthalates and paraben after repeated whole-body topical application in humans, Int. J. Androl., 31, 118-130.
    • (2008) Int. J. Androl. , vol.31 , pp. 118-130
    • Janjua, N.R.1    Frederiksen, H.2    Skakkebæk, N.E.3    Wulf, H.C.4    Andersson, A.M.5
  • 25
    • 0025995678 scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous-absorption of 2-butoxyethanol vapor in human-subjects
    • Johanson, G. and Boman, A. (1991) Percutaneous-absorption of 2-butoxyethanol vapor in human-subjects, Br. J. Ind. Med., 48, 788-792.
    • (1991) Br. J. Ind. Med. , vol.48 , pp. 788-792
    • Johanson, G.1    Boman, A.2
  • 26
    • 0038332027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting the extent of dermal absorption of solvent vapours: a human volunteer study
    • Jones, K., Cocker, J., Dodd, L.J. and Fraser, I. (2003) Factors affecting the extent of dermal absorption of solvent vapours: a human volunteer study, Ann. Occup. Hyg., 47, 145-150.
    • (2003) Ann. Occup. Hyg. , vol.47 , pp. 145-150
    • Jones, K.1    Cocker, J.2    Dodd, L.J.3    Fraser, I.4
  • 27
    • 4644335091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous absorption of m-xylene vapour in volunteers during pre-steady and steady state
    • Kezic, S., Janmaat, A., Kruse, J., Monster, A.C. and Verberk, M.M. (2004) Percutaneous absorption of m-xylene vapour in volunteers during pre-steady and steady state, Toxicol. Lett., 153, 273-282.
    • (2004) Toxicol. Lett. , vol.153 , pp. 273-282
    • Kezic, S.1    Janmaat, A.2    Kruse, J.3    Monster, A.C.4    Verberk, M.M.5
  • 28
    • 34247171927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A geometrical model of dermal capillary clearance
    • Kretsos, K. and Kasting, G.B. (2007) A geometrical model of dermal capillary clearance, Math. Biosci., 208, 430-453.
    • (2007) Math. Biosci. , vol.208 , pp. 430-453
    • Kretsos, K.1    Kasting, G.B.2
  • 29
    • 8644227608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distributed diffusion-clearance model for transient drug distribution within the skin
    • Kretsos, K., Kasting, G.B. and Nitsche, J.M. (2004) Distributed diffusion-clearance model for transient drug distribution within the skin, J. Pharm. Sci., 93, 2820-2835.
    • (2004) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.93 , pp. 2820-2835
    • Kretsos, K.1    Kasting, G.B.2    Nitsche, J.M.3
  • 30
    • 36048955468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Partitioning, diffusivity and clearance of skin permeants in mammalian dermis
    • Kretsos, K., Miller, M.A., Zamora-Estrada, G. and Kasting, G.B. (2008) Partitioning, diffusivity and clearance of skin permeants in mammalian dermis, Int. J. Pharm., 346, 64-79.
    • (2008) Int. J. Pharm. , vol.346 , pp. 64-79
    • Kretsos, K.1    Miller, M.A.2    Zamora-Estrada, G.3    Kasting, G.B.4
  • 31
    • 49149091066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiative and convective heat transfer coefficients of the human body in natural convection
    • Kurazumi, Y., Tsuchikawa, T., Ishii, J., Fukagawa, K., Yamato, Y. and Matsubara, N. (2008) Radiative and convective heat transfer coefficients of the human body in natural convection, Build. Environ., 43, 2142-2153.
    • (2008) Build. Environ. , vol.43 , pp. 2142-2153
    • Kurazumi, Y.1    Tsuchikawa, T.2    Ishii, J.3    Fukagawa, K.4    Yamato, Y.5    Matsubara, N.6
  • 32
    • 84869450683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid methods to estimate potential exposure to semivolatile organic compounds in the indoor environment
    • Little, J.C., Weschler, C.J., Nazaroff, W.W., Liu, Z. and Hubal, E.A.C. (2012) Rapid methods to estimate potential exposure to semivolatile organic compounds in the indoor environment, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 11171-11178.
    • (2012) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.46 , pp. 11171-11178
    • Little, J.C.1    Weschler, C.J.2    Nazaroff, W.W.3    Liu, Z.4    Hubal, E.A.C.5
  • 33
    • 80053895329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hair follicles contribute significantly to penetration through human skin only at times soon after application as a solvent deposited solid in man
    • Liu, X., Grice, J.E., Lademann, J., Otberg, N., Trauer, S., Patzelt, A. and Roberts, M.S. (2011) Hair follicles contribute significantly to penetration through human skin only at times soon after application as a solvent deposited solid in man, Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 72, 768-774.
    • (2011) Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.72 , pp. 768-774
    • Liu, X.1    Grice, J.E.2    Lademann, J.3    Otberg, N.4    Trauer, S.5    Patzelt, A.6    Roberts, M.S.7
  • 34
    • 84859922175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of aerosols in enhancing SVOC flux between air and indoor surfaces and its influence on exposure
    • Liu, C., Morrison, G.C. and Zhang, Y. (2012) Role of aerosols in enhancing SVOC flux between air and indoor surfaces and its influence on exposure, Atmos. Environ., 55, 347-356.
    • (2012) Atmos. Environ. , vol.55 , pp. 347-356
    • Liu, C.1    Morrison, G.C.2    Zhang, Y.3
  • 35
    • 0032911753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of the dermal absorption of m-xylene vapor in humans using breath sampling and physiologically based pharmacokinetic analysis
    • Loizou, G., Jones, K., Akrill, P., Dyne, D. and Cocker, J. (1999) Estimation of the dermal absorption of m-xylene vapor in humans using breath sampling and physiologically based pharmacokinetic analysis, Toxicol. Sci., 48, 170-179.
    • (1999) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.48 , pp. 170-179
    • Loizou, G.1    Jones, K.2    Akrill, P.3    Dyne, D.4    Cocker, J.5
  • 36
    • 0028326521 scopus 로고
    • Determination of skin: air partition coefficients for volatile chemicals: experimental method and applications
    • Mattie, D.R., Bates, G.D., Jepson, G.W., Fisher, J.W. and McDougal, J.N. (1994) Determination of skin: air partition coefficients for volatile chemicals: experimental method and applications, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol., 22, 51-57.
    • (1994) Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. , vol.22 , pp. 51-57
    • Mattie, D.R.1    Bates, G.D.2    Jepson, G.W.3    Fisher, J.W.4    McDougal, J.N.5
  • 38
    • 0036281759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A theoretical analysis of permeation of small hydrophobic solutes across the stratum corneum based on scaled particle theory
    • Mitragotri, S. (2002) A theoretical analysis of permeation of small hydrophobic solutes across the stratum corneum based on scaled particle theory, J. Pharm. Sci., 91, 744-752.
    • (2002) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.91 , pp. 744-752
    • Mitragotri, S.1
  • 39
    • 0031051750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomembrane permeation of nicotine: mechanistic studies with porcine mucosae and skin
    • Nair, M.K., Chetty, D.J., Ho, H. and Chien, Y.W. (1997) Biomembrane permeation of nicotine: mechanistic studies with porcine mucosae and skin, J. Pharm. Sci., 86, 257-262.
    • (1997) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.86 , pp. 257-262
    • Nair, M.K.1    Chetty, D.J.2    Ho, H.3    Chien, Y.W.4
  • 40
    • 84878142026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A microscopic multiphase diffusion model of viable epidermis permeability
    • Nitsche, J.M. and Kasting, G.B. (2013) A microscopic multiphase diffusion model of viable epidermis permeability, Biophys. J., 104, 2307-2320.
    • (2013) Biophys. J. , vol.104 , pp. 2307-2320
    • Nitsche, J.M.1    Kasting, G.B.2
  • 41
    • 33645368317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A two-phase analysis of solute partitioning into the stratum corneum
    • Nitsche, J.M., Wang, T.F. and Kasting, G.B. (2006) A two-phase analysis of solute partitioning into the stratum corneum, J. Pharm. Sci., 95, 649-666.
    • (2006) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.95 , pp. 649-666
    • Nitsche, J.M.1    Wang, T.F.2    Kasting, G.B.3
  • 43
    • 0003973615 scopus 로고
    • translated by Yu C M. Beijing, Beijing Higher Education Press, in Chinese)
    • Ozisik, M.N. (1983) Heat Conduction, translated by Yu C M. Beijing, Beijing Higher Education Press, 331-337. (in Chinese)
    • (1983) Heat Conduction , pp. 331-337
    • Ozisik, M.N.1
  • 45
    • 0014039775 scopus 로고
    • Further investigations on the evaluation of exposure to nitrobenzene
    • Piotrowski, J. (1967) Further investigations on the evaluation of exposure to nitrobenzene, Br. J. Ind. Med., 24, 60-65.
    • (1967) Br. J. Ind. Med. , vol.24 , pp. 60-65
    • Piotrowski, J.1
  • 46
    • 0015041349 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of exposure to phenol: absorption of phenol vapour in the lungs and through the skin and excretion of phenol in urine
    • Piotrowski, J. (1971) Evaluation of exposure to phenol: absorption of phenol vapour in the lungs and through the skin and excretion of phenol in urine, Br. Med. J., 28, 172-178.
    • (1971) Br. Med. J. , vol.28 , pp. 172-178
    • Piotrowski, J.1
  • 47
    • 0033948075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the percutaneous absorption of trichloroethylene in rats and humans using MS/MS real-time breath analysis and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling
    • Poet, T.S., Corley, R.A., Thrall, K.D., Edwards, J.A., Tanojo, H., Weitz, K.K., Hui, X.Y., Maibach, H.I. and Wester, R.C. (2000) Assessment of the percutaneous absorption of trichloroethylene in rats and humans using MS/MS real-time breath analysis and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling, Toxicol. Sci., 56, 61-72.
    • (2000) Toxicol. Sci. , vol.56 , pp. 61-72
    • Poet, T.S.1    Corley, R.A.2    Thrall, K.D.3    Edwards, J.A.4    Tanojo, H.5    Weitz, K.K.6    Hui, X.Y.7    Maibach, H.I.8    Wester, R.C.9
  • 48
    • 0026606514 scopus 로고
    • Predicting skin permeability
    • Potts, R. and Guy, R. (1992) Predicting skin permeability, Pharm. Res., 9, 663-669.
    • (1992) Pharm. Res. , vol.9 , pp. 663-669
    • Potts, R.1    Guy, R.2
  • 49
    • 84873522941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the absorption of chemical vapours
    • Rauma, M., Boman, A. and Johanson, G. (2013) Predicting the absorption of chemical vapours, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 65, 306-314.
    • (2013) Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. , vol.65 , pp. 306-314
    • Rauma, M.1    Boman, A.2    Johanson, G.3
  • 50
    • 0034495110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does epidermal turnover reduce percutaneous penetration?
    • Reddy, M., Guy, R. and Bunge, A. (2000) Does epidermal turnover reduce percutaneous penetration?, Pharm. Res., 17, 1414-1419.
    • (2000) Pharm. Res. , vol.17 , pp. 1414-1419
    • Reddy, M.1    Guy, R.2    Bunge, A.3
  • 51
    • 79957478330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous absorption of vapors in human skin
    • Rehal, B. and Maibach, H. (2011) Percutaneous absorption of vapors in human skin, Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol., 30, 87-91.
    • (2011) Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. , vol.30 , pp. 87-91
    • Rehal, B.1    Maibach, H.2
  • 52
    • 1442330303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating contaminant dose for intermittent dermal contact: model development, testing, and application
    • Riley, W., McKone, T. and Cohen Hubal, E. (2004) Estimating contaminant dose for intermittent dermal contact: model development, testing, and application, Risk Anal., 24, 73-85.
    • (2004) Risk Anal. , vol.24 , pp. 73-85
    • Riley, W.1    McKone, T.2    Cohen Hubal, E.3
  • 55
    • 0006989014 scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous absorption
    • In: Goldsmith, L.A. (ed.), New York, Oxford University Press
    • Scheuplein, R.J. and Bronaugh, R.L. (1983) Percutaneous absorption. In: Goldsmith, L.A. (ed.) Biochemistry and Physiology of the Skin, Vol. II, New York, Oxford University Press, 1255-1295.
    • (1983) Biochemistry and Physiology of the Skin , vol.2 , pp. 1255-1295
    • Scheuplein, R.J.1    Bronaugh, R.L.2
  • 56
    • 84893394508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deposition of indoor airborne particles onto human body surfaces: a modeling analysis and manikin-based experimental study
    • Shi, S. and Zhao, B. (2013) Deposition of indoor airborne particles onto human body surfaces: a modeling analysis and manikin-based experimental study, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 47, 1363-1373.
    • (2013) Aerosol Sci. Technol. , vol.47 , pp. 1363-1373
    • Shi, S.1    Zhao, B.2
  • 57
    • 0038344833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling flow and heat transfer around a seated human body by computational fluid dynamics
    • Sørensen, D.N. and Voigt, L.K. (2003) Modelling flow and heat transfer around a seated human body by computational fluid dynamics, Build. Environ., 38, 753-762.
    • (2003) Build. Environ. , vol.38 , pp. 753-762
    • Sørensen, D.N.1    Voigt, L.K.2
  • 58
    • 29944434939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric fate of phthalate esters in an urban area (Paris-France)
    • Teil, M., Blanchard, M. and Chevreuil, M. (2006) Atmospheric fate of phthalate esters in an urban area (Paris-France), Sci. Total Environ., 354, 212-223.
    • (2006) Sci. Total Environ. , vol.354 , pp. 212-223
    • Teil, M.1    Blanchard, M.2    Chevreuil, M.3
  • 59
    • 84890102946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dermal absorption of chemicals: estimation by IH SkinPerm
    • Tibaldi, R., Ten Berge, W. and Drolet, D. (2014) Dermal absorption of chemicals: estimation by IH SkinPerm, J. Occup. Environ. Hygiene, 11, 19-31.
    • (2014) J. Occup. Environ. Hygiene , vol.11 , pp. 19-31
    • Tibaldi, R.1    Ten Berge, W.2    Drolet, D.3
  • 62
    • 85056917458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin absorption databases and predictive equations
    • In: Guy, R.H. and Hadgraft, J. (eds), New York, Marcel Dekker
    • Vecchia, B.E. and Bunge, A.L. (2003) Skin absorption databases and predictive equations. In: Guy, R.H. and Hadgraft, J. (eds) Transdermal Drug Delivery, New York, Marcel Dekker, 57-99.
    • (2003) Transdermal Drug Delivery , pp. 57-99
    • Vecchia, B.E.1    Bunge, A.L.2
  • 63
    • 36849008672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multiphase microscopic diffusion model for stratum corneum permeability. II. Estimation of physicochemical parameters, and application to a large permeability database
    • Wang, T.F., Kasting, G.B. and Nitsche, J.M. (2007) A multiphase microscopic diffusion model for stratum corneum permeability. II. Estimation of physicochemical parameters, and application to a large permeability database, J. Pharm. Sci., 96, 3024-3051.
    • (2007) J. Pharm. Sci. , vol.96 , pp. 3024-3051
    • Wang, T.F.1    Kasting, G.B.2    Nitsche, J.M.3
  • 64
    • 56249138930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semivolatile organic compounds in indoor environments
    • Weschler, C.J. and Nazaroff, W.W. (2008) Semivolatile organic compounds in indoor environments, Atmos. Environ., 42, 9018-9040.
    • (2008) Atmos. Environ. , vol.42 , pp. 9018-9040
    • Weschler, C.J.1    Nazaroff, W.W.2
  • 65
    • 77955515656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SVOC partitioning between the gas phase and settled dust indoors
    • Weschler, C.J. and Nazaroff, W.W. (2010) SVOC partitioning between the gas phase and settled dust indoors, Atmos. Environ., 44, 3609-3620.
    • (2010) Atmos. Environ. , vol.44 , pp. 3609-3620
    • Weschler, C.J.1    Nazaroff, W.W.2
  • 66
    • 84866162858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SVOC exposure indoors: fresh look at dermal pathways
    • Weschler, C.J. and Nazaroff, W.W. (2012) SVOC exposure indoors: fresh look at dermal pathways, Indoor Air, 22, 356-377.
    • (2012) Indoor Air , vol.22 , pp. 356-377
    • Weschler, C.J.1    Nazaroff, W.W.2
  • 67
    • 36649035777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO. Published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organization and WHO.
    • WHO (2006) Environmental Health Criteria 235: Dermal Absorption. Published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organization and WHO.
    • (2006) Environmental Health Criteria 235: Dermal Absorption
  • 69
    • 0346827020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two mathematical skin permeation models for vapours
    • In: Brain, K.R., James, V.J. and Walters, K.A. (eds), Vol. 4a, La Grande Motte, 3M Medica
    • Wilschut, A. and Ten Berge, W.F. (1996) Two mathematical skin permeation models for vapours. In: Brain, K.R., James, V.J. and Walters, K.A. (eds) Prediction of Percutaneous Penetration, Vol. 4a, La Grande Motte, 3M Medica, 182-185.
    • (1996) Prediction of Percutaneous Penetration , pp. 182-185
    • Wilschut, A.1    Ten Berge, W.F.2
  • 70
    • 64349099135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting residential exposure to phthalate plasticizer emitted from vinyl flooring: a mechanistic analysis
    • Xu, Y., Hubal, E.A.C., Clausen, P.A. and Little, J.C. (2009) Predicting residential exposure to phthalate plasticizer emitted from vinyl flooring: a mechanistic analysis, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 2374-2380.
    • (2009) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.43 , pp. 2374-2380
    • Xu, Y.1    Hubal, E.A.C.2    Clausen, P.A.3    Little, J.C.4
  • 71
    • 84866530617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population inhalation exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and associated lung cancer risk in Beijing region: contributions of indoor and outdoor sources and exposures
    • Zhou, B. and Zhao, B. (2012) Population inhalation exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and associated lung cancer risk in Beijing region: contributions of indoor and outdoor sources and exposures, Atmos. Environ., 62, 472-480.
    • (2012) Atmos. Environ. , vol.62 , pp. 472-480
    • Zhou, B.1    Zhao, B.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.