Physiology of bone formation, remodeling, and metabolism

Radionuclide and Hybrid Bone Imaging

Volumn 9783642024009, Issue , 2012, Pages 29-57

  Kini, Usha ^a   Nandeesh, B N ^a  

^a ST JOHN'S NATIONAL ACADEMY OF HEALTH SCIENCES   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COLLAGEN; ENDOCRINOLOGY; HORMONES; HYDROXYPROLINE; METABOLISM; PHOSPHATASES;

BONE FORMATION; BONE METABOLISM; BONE REMODELLING; BONE RESORPTION; CONNECTIVE TISSUES; ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION; OSTEOPROGENITOR CELLS; POWER; SKELETAL GROWTH; WNT PATHWAY;

BONE;

EID: 84899109453     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-02400-9_2     Document Type: Chapter

References (95)

1. Asagiri M, Takayanagi H (2007) The molecular understanding of osteoclast differentiation. Bone 40:251-264
2. Baylink DJ, Finkelman RD, Mohan S (1993) Growth factors to stimulate bone formation. J Bone Miner Res 8:565-572
3. Blair HC, Teitebaum SL, Ghiselli R et al (1989) Osteoclastic bone resorption by a polarized vacuolar proton pump. Science 245:855-857
4. Bonewald LF (1999) Establishment and characterization of an osteocyte-like cell line, MLO-Y4. J Bone Miner Metab 17:61-65
5. Bonewald LF, Dallas SL (1994) Role of active and latent transforming growth factor-b in bone formation. J Cell Biochem 55:350-357
6. Bonewald LF, Mundy GR (1990) Role of transforming growth factor beta in bone remodeling. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2S:35-40
7. Boulpaep EL, Boron WF (2005) Medical physiology: a cellular and molecular approach. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 1089-1091
8. Boyle WJ, Simonet WS, Lacey DL (2003) Osteoclast differentiation and activation. Nature 423:337-342
9. Brighton CT, Hunt RM (1986) Histochemical localization of calcium in the fracture callus with potassium pyroantimonate: possible role of chondrocyte mitochondrial calcium in callus calcification. J Bone Joint Surg 68-A:703-715
10. Brighton CT, Hunt RM (1991) Early histological and ultrastructural changes in medullary fracture callus. J Bone Joint Surg 73-A:832-847
11. Brighton CT, Sugioka Y, Hunt RM (1973) Cytoplasmic structures of epiphyseal plate chondrocytes; quantitative evaluation using electron micrographs of rat costochondral junctions with specific reference to the fate of hypertrophic cells. J Bone Joint Surg 55:771-784
12. Brodsky B, Persikov AV (2005) Molecular structure of the collagen triple helix. Adv Protein Chem 70:301-339
13. Bruzzaniti A, Baron R (2007) Molecular regulation of osteoclast activity. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 7: 123-139
14. Burr DB (2002) Targeted and nontargeted remodeling. Bone 30:2-4
15. Cadigan KM, Liu YI (2006) Wnt signaling: complexity at the surface. J Cell Sci 119:395-402
16. Caetano-Lopes J, Canhao H, Fonseca JE (2007) Osteoblasts and bone formation. Acta Reumatol Port 32:103-110
17. Canalis E, McCarthy TL, Centrella M (1989) The role of growth factors in skeletal remodeling. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 18:903-918
18. Canalis E, Economides AN, Gazzerro E (2003) Bone morphogenetic proteins, their antagonists, and the skeleton. Endocr Rev 24:218-235
19. Charles JM, Key LL (1998) Developmental spectrum of children with congenital osteopetrosis. J Pediatr 132:371-374
20. Clarke B (2008) Normal bone anatomy and physiology. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 3:S131-S139
21. Cohen MM Jr (2006) The new bone biology: pathologic, molecular, clinical correlates. Am J Med Genet A 140:2646-2706
22. Cohick WS, Clemmons DR (1993) The insulin-like growth factors. Annu Rev Physiol 55:131-153
23. Compston JE (2001) Sex steroids and bone. Physiol Rev 81:419-447
24. Conover CA (2008) Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins and bone metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 294:10-14
25. Deftos LJ (1998) Calcium and phosphate homeostasis, chapter 2. In: Clinical essentials of calcium and skeletal metabolism, 1st edn. Professional Communication Inc., pp 1-208. http://www.endotext.org/parathyroid/ parathyroid2/ch01s05.html . Accessed 20 Apr 2011
26. Deftos LJ (2001) Immunoassays for PTH and PTHrP, chapter 9. In: Bilezikian JP, Marcus R, Levine A (eds) The parathyroids, 2nd edn. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 143-166
27. Deftos LJ, Gagel R (2000) Calcitonin and medullary thyroid carcinoma, chapter 265. In: Wyngarden JB, Bennett JC (eds) Cecil textbook of medicine, 21st edn. WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, pp 1406-1409
28. Delmas PD (1995) Biochemical markers for the assessment of bone turnover. In: Riggs BL, Melton J (eds) Osteoporosis: etiology, diagnosis, and management, 2nd edn. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia
29. Dempster DW, Cosman F, Parisien M et al (1993) Anabolic actions of parathyroid hormone on bone. Endocr Rev 14:690-709
30. Eriksen EF (1986) Normal and pathological remodeling of human trabecular bone: three dimensional reconstruction of the remodeling sequence in normals and in metabolic bone disease. Endocr Rev 7:379-408
31. Eriksen EF, Axelrod DW, Melsen F (1994) Bone histomorphometry. Raven Press, New York, pp 1-12
32. Fernández-Tresguerres-Hernández-Gil I, Alobera-Gracia MA, del Canto-Pingarrón M et al (2006) Physiological bases of bone regeneration II. The remodeling process. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 11:E151-E157
33. Fraher L (1993) Biochemical markers of bone turnover. Clin Biochem 26:431-432
34. Gallagher SK (1997) Biochemical markers of bone metabolism as they relate to osteoporosis. MLO: Med Lab Obs 29(8):50. FindArticles.com.
35. Gori F, Hofbauer LC, Dunstan CR et al (2000) The expression of osteoprotegerin and RANK ligand and the support of osteoclast formation by stromal-osteoblast lineage cells is developmentally regulated. Endocrinology 141:4768-4776
36. Grant SFA, Ralston SH (1997) Genes and osteoporosis. Endocrinology 8:232-239
37. Hakeda Y, Kawaguchi H, Hurley M et al (1996) Intact insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) associates with bone matrix and the soluble fragments of IGFBP-5 accumulated in culture medium of neonatal mouse calvariae by parathyroid hormone and prostaglandin E2-treatment. J Cell Physiol 166: 370-379
38. Harada S, Rodan GA (2003) Control of osteoblast function and regulation of bone mass. Nature 423: 349-355
39. Harvey S, Hull KL (1998) Growth hormone: a paracrine growth factor? Endocrine 7:267-279
40. Hill PA, Reynolds JJ, Meikle MC (1995) Osteoblasts mediate insulin-like growth factor-I and-II stimulation of osteoclast formation and function. Endocrinology 136:124-131
41. Hock JM, Centrella M, Canalis E et al (2004) Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) has independent effects on bone matrix formation and cell replication. Endocrinology 122:254-260
42. Hofbauer LC, Khosla S, Dunstan CR et al (1999) Estrogen stimulates gene expression and protein production of osteoprotegerin in human osteoblastic cells. Endocrinology 140:4367-4370
43. Horowitz M (2003) Matrix proteins versus cytokines in the regulation of osteoblast function and bone formation. Calcif Tissue Int 72:5-7
44. Horwood NJ, Elliott J, Martin TJ et al (1998) Osteotropic agents regulate the expression of osteoclast differentiation factor and osteoprotegerin in osteoblastic stromal cells. Endocrinology 139:4743-4746
45. Kawaguchi H, Pilbeam CC, Raisz LG (1994) Anabolic effects of 3,3 ,5-triiodothyronine and triiodothyroacetic acid in cultured neonatal mouse parietal bones. Endocrinology 135:971-976
46. Kawaguchi H, Pilbean CC, Harrison JR et al (1995) The role of prostaglandins in the regulation of bone metabolism. Clin Orthop 313:36-46
47. Knelles D, Barthel T, Kraus U et al (1997) Randomized trial comparing early postoperative irradiation vs. the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for prevention of heterotopic ossification following prosthetic total hip replacement. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 39:961-966
48. Kobayashi S, Takahashi HE, Ito A et al (2003) Trabecular minimodeling in human iliac bone. Bone 32:163-169
49. Krishnan V, Bryant HU, Macdougald OA et al (2006) Regulation of bone mass by Wnt signaling. J Clin Invest 116:1202-1209
50. Lacey DL, Timms E, Tan HL et al (1998) Osteoprotegerin ligand is a cytokine that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activation. Cell 93:165-176
51. Lind M, Deleuran B, Thestrup-Pedersen K et al (1995) Chemotaxis of human osteoblasts. Effects of osteotropic growth factors. APMIS 103:140-146
52. Lindsay R, Cosman F, Zhou H et al (2006) A novel tetracycline labeling schedule for longitudinal evaluation of the short-term effects of anabolic therapy with a single iliac crest biopsy: early actions of teriparatide. J Bone Miner Res 21:366-373
53. Locklin RM, Oreffo RO, Triffitt JT et al (1999) Effects of TGFbeta and bFGF on the differentiation of human bone marrow stromalfibroblasts. Cell Biol Int 23:185-194
54. Logan CY, Nusse R (2004) The Wnt signaling pathway in development and disease. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 20:781-810
55. Lorenzo JA (1992) The role of cytokines in the regulation of local bone resorption. Crit Rev Immunol 11:195-213
56. Lukert BP, Kream BE (1996) Clinical and basic aspects of glucocorticoid action in bone. In: Bilezikian JP, Raisz LG, Rodan GA (eds) Principles of bone biology. Academic, San Diego, pp 533-548
57. Mackie EJ (2003) Osteoblasts: novel roles in orchestration of skeletal architecture. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 35:1301-1305
58. Manolagas SC (2000) Birth and death of bone cells: basic regulatory mechanisms and implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoporosis. Endocr Rev 21:115-137
59. Marie PJ (2003) Fibroblast growth factor signaling controlling osteoblast differentiation. Gene 316:23-32
60. Mills BG, Frausto A (1997) Cytokines expressed in multinucleated cells: Paget's disease and giant cell tumors versus normal bone. Calcif Tissue Int 61:16-21
61. Mohan S, Baylink DJ (1991) Bone growth factors. Clin Orthop 263:30-48
62. Mohanty M (1996) Cellular basis for failure of joint prosthesis. Biomed Mater Eng 6:165-172
63. Nash TJ, Howlett CR, Martin C et al (1994) Effects of platelet-derived growth factor on tibial osteotomies in rabbits. Bone 15:203-208
64. Netter FH (1987) Musculoskeletal system: anatomy, physiology, and metabolic disorders. Ciba-Geigy Corporation, Summit, pp 129-130. ISBN 0914168886
65. Papanicolaou DA, Wilder RL, Manolagas SC et al (1998) The pathophysiologic roles of interleukin-6 in human disease. Ann Intern Med 128:127-137
66. Parfitt AM (2002) Targeted and nontargeted bone remodeling: relationship to basic multicellular unit origination and progression. Bone 30:5-7
67. Plotkin LI, Manolagas SC, Bellido T (2002) Transduction of cell survival signals by connexin-43 hemichannels. J Biol Chem 277:8648-8657
68. Plotkin LI, Aguirre JI, Kousteni S et al (2005) Bisphosphonates and estrogens inhibit osteocyte apoptosis via distinct molecular mechanisms downstream of extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation. J Biol Chem 280:7317-7325
69. Pocock NA, Eisman JA, Hopper JL et al (1987) Genetic determinants of bone mass in adults: a twin study. J Clin Invest 80:706-710
70. Raisz LG (1993) Bone cell biology: new approaches and unanswered questions. J Bone Miner Res 8:457-465
71. Raisz LG (1997) The osteoporosis revolution. Ann Intern Med 126:458-462
72. Raisz LG (1999) Physiology and pathophysiology of bone remodeling. Clin Chem 45:1353-1358
73. Reddy SV (2004) Regulatory mechanisms operative in osteoclasts. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 14:255-270
74. Roodman GD (1999) Cell biology of the osteoclast. Exp Hematol 27:1229-1241
75. Roodman GD, Kurihara N, Ohsaki Y et al (1992) Interleukin-6: a potential autocrine/paracrine agent in Paget's disease of bone. J Clin Invest 89:46-52
76. Rosen CJ, Donahue LR (1998) Insulin-like growth factors and bone-the osteoporosis connection revisited. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 219:1-7
77. Sakou T (1998) Bone morphogenetic proteins: from basic studies to clinical approaches. Bone 22:591-603
78. Schneider GB, Key LL, Popoff SN (1998) Osteopetrosis. Therapeutic strategies. Endocrinologist 8:409-417
79. Siris ES (1998) Paget's disease of bone. J Bone Miner Res 13:1061-1065
80. Suda T, Takahashi N, Udagawa N et al (1999) Modulation of osteoclast differentiation and function by the new members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor and ligand families. Endocr Rev 20:345-357
81. Taichman RS (2005) Blood and bone: two tissues whose fates are intertwined to create the hematopoietic stem cell niche. Blood 105:2631-2639
82. Teitelbaum SL, Ross FP (2003) Genetic regulation of osteoclast development and function. Nat Rev Genet 4:638-649
83. Teitelbaum SL, Abu-Amer Y, Ross FP (1995) Molecular mechanisms of bone resorption. J Cell Biochem 59:1-10
84. Theill LE, Boyle WJ, Penninger JM (2002) RANK-L and RANK: T cells, bone loss, and mammalian evolution. Annu Rev Immunol 20:795-823
85. Trueta J (1963) The role of blood vessels in osteogenesis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 45:402
86. Turner CH (1998) Three rules for bone adaptation to mechanical stimuli. Bone 23:339-409
87. Ubara Y, Fushimi T, Tagami T et al (2003) Histomorphometric features of bone in patients with primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Kidney Int 63:1809-1816
88. Ubara Y, Tagami T, Nakanishi S et al (2005) Significance of minimodeling in dialysis patients with adynamic bone disease. Kidney Int 68:833-839
89. Vaananen HK, Zhao H, Mulari M et al (2000) The cell biology of osteoclast function. J Cell Sci 113:377-381
90. Wheeless CR. http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/ bone-remodeling . Accessed 20 Apr 2011
91. Whyte MP (1994) Hypophosphatasia and the role of alkaline phosphatase in skeletal mineralization. Endocr Rev 15:439-461
92. Xing L, Boyce BF (2005) Regulation of apoptosis in osteoclasts and osteoblastic cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 328:709-720
93. Yamaguchi A, Komori T, Suda T et al (2000) Regulation of osteoblast differentiation mediated by bone morphogenetic proteins, hedgehogs, and Cbfa1. Endocr Rev 21:393-411
94. Yasuda H, Shima N, Nakagawa N et al (1998) Osteoclast differentiation factor is a ligand for osteoprotegerin/ osteoclastogenesis-inhibitory factor and is identical to TRANCE/RANKL. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:3597-3602
95. Young MF (2003) Bone matrix proteins: more than markers. Calcif Tissue Int 72:2-4