메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 16, Issue 5, 2014, Pages

Angiotensin-(1-12): A chymase-mediated cellular angiotensin II substrate

Author keywords

Angiotensin II; Angiotensin (1 12); Angiotensin (1 7); Angiotensin converting enzyme; Angiotensinogen; Cardiac chymase; Metabolism; Renin angiotensin system

Indexed keywords

ALDOSTERONE; ANGIOTENSIN (1-12); ANGIOTENSIN II DERIVATIVE; CATHEPSIN G; CHYMASE; ENDOTHELIN CONVERTING ENZYME; LISINOPRIL; LOSARTAN; MEMBRANE METALLOENDOPEPTIDASE; PERINDOPRIL; TONIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; ANGIOTENSIN II; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR;

EID: 84899044658     PISSN: 15226417     EISSN: 15343111     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11906-014-0429-9     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (54)

References (92)
  • 2
    • 33745150754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of angiotensin II in cardiovascular disease - Therapeutic implications of more than a century of research
    • Ferrario CM. Role of angiotensin II in cardiovascular disease therapeutic implications of more than a century of research. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2006;7(1):3-14. (Pubitemid 43891239)
    • (2006) JRAAS - Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-14
    • Ferrario, C.M.1
  • 3
    • 74949092226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New physiological concepts of the renin-angiotensin system from the investigation of precursors and products of angiotensin I metabolism
    • Ferrario CM. New physiological concepts of the renin-angiotensin system from the investigation of precursors and products of angiotensin I metabolism. Hypertension. 2010;55(2):445-52.
    • (2010) Hypertension , vol.55 , Issue.2 , pp. 445-452
    • Ferrario, C.M.1
  • 4
    • 0000254274 scopus 로고
    • Release of vaso-pressin from the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system by angiotensin-(1-7) heptapeptide
    • Schiavone MT, Santos RA, Brosnihan KB, et al. Release of vaso-pressin from the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system by angiotensin-(1-7) heptapeptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988;85(11):4095-8.
    • (1988) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.85 , Issue.11 , pp. 4095-4098
    • Schiavone, M.T.1    Santos, R.A.2    Brosnihan, K.B.3
  • 5
    • 84891403514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evolving story of angiotensin-II-forming pathways in rodents and humans
    • Ferrario CM, Ahmad S, Nagata S, et al. An evolving story of angiotensin-II-forming pathways in rodents and humans. Clin Sci (Lond). 2014;126(7):461-9.
    • (2014) Clin Sci (Lond) , vol.126 , Issue.7 , pp. 461-469
    • Ferrario, C.M.1    Ahmad, S.2    Nagata, S.3
  • 6
    • 28144445338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in biochemical and functional roles of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin-(1-7) in regulation of cardiovascular function
    • DOI 10.1152/ajpheart.00618.2005
    • Ferrario CM, Trask AJ, Jessup JA. Advances in biochemical and functional roles of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin-(1-7) in regulation of cardiovascular function. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2005;289(6):H2281-90. (Pubitemid 41698533)
    • (2005) American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology , vol.289 , Issue.6
    • Ferrario, C.M.1    Trask, A.J.2    Jessup, J.A.3
  • 7
    • 33644970894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin-(1-7): An evolving story in cardiovascular regulation
    • DOI 10.1161/01.HYP.0000196268.08909.fb
    • Ferrario CM. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and angiotensin-(1-7): an evolving story in cardiovascular regulation. Hypertension. 2006;47(3):515-21. (Pubitemid 43843868)
    • (2006) Hypertension , vol.47 , Issue.3 II , pp. 515-521
    • Ferrario, C.M.1
  • 8
    • 77952689893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ANG-(1-7)/ACE2/mas axis in the regulation of nephron function
    • Ferrario CM, Varagic J. The ANG-(1-7)/ACE2/mas axis in the regulation of nephron function. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2010;298(6):F1297-305.
    • (2010) Am J Physiol Renal Physiol , vol.298 , Issue.6
    • Ferrario, C.M.1    Varagic, J.2
  • 9
    • 84872617624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, angiotensin-(1-7) and Mas: New players of the renin-angiotensin system
    • Santos RA, Ferreira AJ, Verano-Braga T, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, angiotensin-(1-7) and Mas: new players of the renin-angiotensin system. J Endocrinol. 2013;216(2):R1-17.
    • (2013) J Endocrinol , vol.216 , Issue.2
    • Santos, R.A.1    Ferreira, A.J.2    Verano-Braga, T.3
  • 10
    • 33745845825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiology of local renin-angiotensin systems
    • DOI 10.1152/physrev.00036.2005
    • Paul M, Poyan MA, Kreutz R. Physiology of local renin-angiotensin systems. Physiol Rev. 2006;86(3):747-803. (Pubitemid 44033382)
    • (2006) Physiological Reviews , vol.86 , Issue.3 , pp. 747-803
    • Paul, M.1    Mehr, A.P.2    Kreutz, R.3
  • 11
    • 6344246036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), its homologue ACE2 and neprilysin in angiotensin peptide metabolism
    • DOI 10.1042/BJ20040634
    • Rice GI, Thomas DA, Grant PJ, et al. Evaluation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), its homologue ACE2 and neprilysin in angiotensin peptide metabolism. Biochem J. 2004;383(Pt 1):45-51. (Pubitemid 39389449)
    • (2004) Biochemical Journal , vol.383 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-51
    • Rice, G.I.1    Thomas, D.A.2    Grant, P.J.3    Turner, A.J.4    Hooper, N.M.5
  • 12
    • 33750264733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulating activities of angiotensin-converting enzyme, its homolog, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and neprilysin in a family study
    • DOI 10.1161/01.HYP.0000244543.91937.79, PII 0000426820061100000026
    • Rice GI, Jones AL, Grant PJ, et al. Circulating activities of angiotensin-converting enzyme, its homolog, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, and neprilysin in a family study. Hypertension. 2006;48(5):914-20. (Pubitemid 44611005)
    • (2006) Hypertension , vol.48 , Issue.5 , pp. 914-920
    • Rice, G.I.1    Jones, A.L.2    Grant, P.J.3    Carter, A.M.4    Turner, A.J.5    Hooper, N.M.6
  • 13
    • 18244407290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 receptor comes of age
    • DOI 10.1161/01.HYP.0000159192.93968.8f
    • Carey RM. Cardiovascular and renal regulation by the angiotensin type 2 receptor: the AT2 receptor comes of age. Hypertension. 2005;45(5):840-4. (Pubitemid 40628923)
    • (2005) Hypertension , vol.45 , Issue.5 , pp. 840-844
    • Carey, R.M.1
  • 14
    • 84886406732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Newly discovered components and actions of the renin-angiotensin system
    • This review article provides a timely perspective of the components and actions of the renin angiotensin system, including receptor mechanisms
    • • Carey RM. Newly discovered components and actions of the renin-angiotensin system. Hypertension. 2013;62(5):818-22. This review article provides a timely perspective of the components and actions of the renin angiotensin system, including receptor mechanisms.
    • (2013) Hypertension , vol.62 , Issue.5 , pp. 818-822
    • Carey, R.M.1
  • 15
    • 84881001924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of angiotensin AT(2) receptors in natriuresis: Intrarenal mechanisms and therapeutic potential
    • Carey RM, Padia SH. Role of angiotensin AT(2) receptors in natriuresis: Intrarenal mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2013;40(8):527-34.
    • (2013) Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol , vol.40 , Issue.8 , pp. 527-534
    • Carey, R.M.1    Padia, S.H.2
  • 16
    • 84876407858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery and characterization of alamandine: A novel component of the renin-angiotensin system
    • Biological effects are demonstrated for an heptapeptide where the sequence of Ang-(1-7) is modified at the N-terminus by the substitution of aspartic by alanine in position 1. The heptapeptide has a preference for the Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor, member D
    • • Lautner RQ, Villela DC, Fraga-Silva RA, et al. Discovery and characterization of alamandine: a novel component of the renin-angiotensin system. Circ Res. 2013;112(8):1104-11. Biological effects are demonstrated for an heptapeptide where the sequence of Ang-(1-7) is modified at the N-terminus by the substitution of aspartic by alanine in position 1. The heptapeptide has a preference for the Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor, member D.
    • (2013) Circ Res , vol.112 , Issue.8 , pp. 1104-1111
    • Lautner, R.Q.1    Villela, D.C.2    Fraga-Silva, R.A.3
  • 18
    • 84871596560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of cardiovascular remodeling by the counter-regulatory axis of the renin-angiotensin system
    • Clarke C, Flores-Munoz M, McKinney CA, et al. Regulation of cardiovascular remodeling by the counter-regulatory axis of the renin-angiotensin system. Futur Cardiol. 2013;9(1):23-38.
    • (2013) Futur Cardiol , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-38
    • Clarke, C.1    Flores-Munoz, M.2    McKinney, C.A.3
  • 19
    • 84866697003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adenoviral delivery of angiotensin-(1-7) or angiotensin-(1-9) inhibits cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via the mas or angiotensin type 2 receptor
    • Flores-Munoz M, Godinho BM, Almalik A, et al. Adenoviral delivery of angiotensin-(1-7) or angiotensin-(1-9) inhibits cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via the mas or angiotensin type 2 receptor. PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e45564.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7 , Issue.9
    • Flores-Munoz, M.1    Godinho, B.M.2    Almalik, A.3
  • 20
    • 84896315328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-(1-9) reverses experimental hypertension and cardiovascular damage by inhibition of the angiotensin converting enzyme/Ang II axis
    • Ocaranza MP, Moya J, Barrientos V et al. Angiotensin-(1-9) reverses experimental hypertension and cardiovascular damage by inhibition of the angiotensin converting enzyme/Ang II axis. J Hypertens 2014.
    • (2014) J Hypertens
    • Ocaranza, M.P.1    Moya, J.2    Barrientos, V.3
  • 21
    • 44349101152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of different regimens to lower blood pressure on major cardiovascular events in older and younger people: Meta-analysis of randomised trials
    • DOI 10.1136/bmj.39548.738368.BE
    • Turnbull F, Neal B, Ninomiya T, et al. Effects of different regimens to lower blood pressure on major cardiovascular events in older and younger adults: meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ. 2008;336(7653):1121-3. (Pubitemid 351731743)
    • (2008) BMJ , vol.336 , Issue.7653 , pp. 1121-1123
    • Turnbull, F.1
  • 22
    • 84857784284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review and meta-analysis: Renin-Angiotensin system inhibitors in the prevention of atrial fibrillation recurrences: An unfulfilled hope
    • Disertori M, Barlera S, Staszewsky L, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis: renin-Angiotensin system inhibitors in the prevention of atrial fibrillation recurrences: an unfulfilled hope. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2012;26(1):47-54.
    • (2012) Cardiovasc Drugs Ther , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 47-54
    • Disertori, M.1    Barlera, S.2    Staszewsky, L.3
  • 24
    • 44449101233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Étude clinique du mois. ONTARGET: Protection comparable du telmisartan et du ramipril et absence de bénéfice de la combinaison chez des patients a haut risque vasculaire
    • Scheen AJ, Krzesinski JM. ONTARGET: similar protection of telmisartan and ramipril and lack of benefit of combined therapy in patients at high risk for vascular events. Rev Med Liege. 2008;63(4):213-9. (Pubitemid 351766608)
    • (2008) Revue Medicale de Liege , vol.63 , Issue.4 , pp. 213-219
    • Scheen, A.J.1    Krzesinski, J.M.2
  • 26
    • 84873737622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ALTITUDE trial and dual RAS blockade: The alluring but soft science of the surrogate end point
    • Messerli FH, Bangalore S. ALTITUDE trial and dual RAS blockade: the alluring but soft science of the surrogate end point. Am J Med. 2013;126(3):e1-3.
    • (2013) Am J Med , vol.126 , Issue.3
    • Messerli, F.H.1    Bangalore, S.2
  • 27
    • 84874025509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypotension and ischaemic stroke associated with aliskiren in the ALTITUDE trial: Sensitisation of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex?
    • Sever P. Hypotension and ischaemic stroke associated with aliskiren in the ALTITUDE trial: sensitisation of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex? J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2013;14(1):1-2.
    • (2013) J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-2
    • Sever, P.1
  • 28
    • 35348976721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse effects of combination angiotensin II receptor blockers plus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for left ventricular dysfunction: A quantitative review of data from randomized clinical trials
    • DOI 10.1001/archinte.167.18.1930
    • Phillips CO, Kashani A, Ko DK, et al. Adverse effects of combination angiotensin II receptor blockers plus angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for left ventricular dysfunction: a quantitative review of data from randomized clinical trials. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(18):1930-6. (Pubitemid 47606631)
    • (2007) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.167 , Issue.18 , pp. 1930-1936
    • Phillips, C.O.1    Kashani, A.2    Ko, D.K.3    Francis, G.4    Krumholz, H.M.5
  • 29
    • 84888845216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Big angiotensin-25: A novel glycosylated angiotensin-related peptide isolated fromhuman urine
    • By screening human urine gel filtration fractions for bioactive peptides using an antibody raised against the N-terminal portion of Ang II, these investigators discovered the existence of an extended form of Ang I consisting of the first 25 amino acids of the angiotensinogen molecule. Ang-(1-25) is expressed in most human tissues and it is cleaved into Ang II by chymase. The demonstration that Ang-(1-25) is N-glycosylated on its 14th amino acid (Asn) and has a cysteine linked to its 18th amino acid (Cys) is used as evidence that the peptide is expressed in humans but not rodents
    • •• Nagata S, Hatakeyama K, Asami M, et al. Big angiotensin-25: A novel glycosylated angiotensin-related peptide isolated fromhuman urine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2013;441(4):757-62. By screening human urine gel filtration fractions for bioactive peptides using an antibody raised against the N-terminal portion of Ang II, these investigators discovered the existence of an extended form of Ang I consisting of the first 25 amino acids of the angiotensinogen molecule. Ang-(1-25) is expressed in most human tissues and it is cleaved into Ang II by chymase. The demonstration that Ang-(1-25) is N-glycosylated on its 14th amino acid (Asn) and has a cysteine linked to its 18th amino acid (Cys) is used as evidence that the peptide is expressed in humans but not rodents.
    • (2013) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.441 , Issue.4 , pp. 757-762
    • Nagata, S.1    Hatakeyama, K.2    Asami, M.3
  • 31
    • 49249116079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localization of the novel angiotensin peptide, angiotensin-(1-12), in heart and kidney of hypertensive and normotensive rats
    • Jessup JA, Trask AJ, Chappell MC, et al. Localization of the novel angiotensin peptide, angiotensin-(1-12), in heart and kidney of hypertensive and normotensive rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008;294(6):H2614-8.
    • (2008) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.294 , Issue.6
    • Jessup, J.A.1    Trask, A.J.2    Chappell, M.C.3
  • 32
    • 84860488872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of proangiotensin-12 infused continuously over 14 days in conscious rats
    • This well conducted study shows that Ang-(1-12) has long-term pressor activity, a finding that suggest that this extended form of Ang I is able to generate Ang II endogenously
    • • Komatsu Y, Kida N, Nozaki N, et al. Effects of proangiotensin-12 infused continuously over 14 days in conscious rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2012;683(1-3):186-9. This well conducted study shows that Ang-(1-12) has long-term pressor activity, a finding that suggest that this extended form of Ang I is able to generate Ang II endogenously.
    • (2012) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.683 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 186-189
    • Komatsu, Y.1    Kida, N.2    Nozaki, N.3
  • 33
    • 67650081011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic immunoneutralization of brain angiotensin-(1-12) lowers blood pressure in transgenic (mRen2)27 hypertensive rats
    • Isa K, Garcia-Espinosa MA, Arnold AC, et al. Chronic immunoneutralization of brain angiotensin-(1-12) lowers blood pressure in transgenic (mRen2)27 hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2009;297(1):R111-5.
    • (2009) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol , vol.297 , Issue.1
    • Isa, K.1    Garcia-Espinosa, M.A.2    Arnold, A.C.3
  • 34
    • 77956671617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-(1-12) requires angiotensin converting enzyme and AT1 receptors for cardiovascular actions within the solitary tract nucleus
    • Arnold AC, Isa K, Shaltout HA, et al. Angiotensin-(1-12) requires angiotensin converting enzyme and AT1 receptors for cardiovascular actions within the solitary tract nucleus. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2010;299(3):H763-71.
    • (2010) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.299 , Issue.3
    • Arnold, A.C.1    Isa, K.2    Shaltout, H.A.3
  • 35
    • 78651318031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular responses elicited by a new endogenous angiotensin in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the rat
    • Chitravanshi VC, Sapru HN. Cardiovascular responses elicited by a new endogenous angiotensin in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the rat. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2011;300(1):H230-40.
    • (2011) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.300 , Issue.1
    • Chitravanshi, V.C.1    Sapru, H.N.2
  • 36
    • 84865549994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular actions of angiotensin-(1-12) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of the rat are mediated via angiotensin II
    • Chitravanshi VC, Proddutur A, Sapru HN. Cardiovascular actions of angiotensin-(1-12) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of the rat are mediated via angiotensin II. Exp Physiol. 2012;97(9):1001-17.
    • (2012) Exp Physiol , vol.97 , Issue.9 , pp. 1001-1017
    • Chitravanshi, V.C.1    Proddutur, A.2    Sapru, H.N.3
  • 37
    • 79955069043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus: A new site of cardiovascular action of angiotensin-(1-12) and angiotensin II
    • Arakawa H, Chitravanshi VC, Sapru HN. The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus: a new site of cardiovascular action of angiotensin-(1-12) and angiotensin II. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2011;300(3):H951-60.
    • (2011) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.300 , Issue.3
    • Arakawa, H.1    Chitravanshi, V.C.2    Sapru, H.N.3
  • 38
    • 84872178864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-(1-12) in the rostral ventrolateral medullary pressor area of the rat elicits sympathoexcitatory responses
    • Extending the series of studies showing Ang-(1-12) biological effects in brain nuclei influencing the brain regulation of blood pressure, these investigators describe that Ang-(1-12) elicits pressor response associated with increased splachnic nerve sympathetic discharges during microinjections of the peptide in this critical region of the rostral medulla oblongata. Adding weight to the dual role of ACE and chymase, the investigators showed that both enzymes are required for Ang-(1-12) metabolism into Ang II
    • • Arakawa H, Kawabe K, Sapru HN. Angiotensin-(1-12) in the rostral ventrolateral medullary pressor area of the rat elicits sympathoexcitatory responses. Exp Physiol. 2013;98(1):94-108. Extending the series of studies showing Ang-(1-12) biological effects in brain nuclei influencing the brain regulation of blood pressure, these investigators describe that Ang-(1-12) elicits pressor response associated with increased splachnic nerve sympathetic discharges during microinjections of the peptide in this critical region of the rostral medulla oblongata. Adding weight to the dual role of ACE and chymase, the investigators showed that both enzymes are required for Ang-(1-12) metabolism into Ang II.
    • (2013) Exp Physiol , vol.98 , Issue.1 , pp. 94-108
    • Arakawa, H.1    Kawabe, K.2    Sapru, H.N.3
  • 39
    • 62349100153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac chymase converts rat proAngiotensin-12 (PA12) to angiotensin II: Effects of PA12 upon cardiac haemodynamics
    • Prosser HC, Forster ME, Richards AM, et al. Cardiac chymase converts rat proAngiotensin-12 (PA12) to angiotensin II: effects of PA12 upon cardiac haemodynamics. Cardiovasc Res. 2009;82(1):40-50.
    • (2009) Cardiovasc Res , vol.82 , Issue.1 , pp. 40-50
    • Prosser, H.C.1    Forster, M.E.2    Richards, A.M.3
  • 40
    • 78249238801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional vascular response to ProAngiotensin-12 (PA12) through the rat arterial system
    • Prosser HC, Richards AM, Forster ME, et al. Regional vascular response to ProAngiotensin-12 (PA12) through the rat arterial system. Peptides. 2010;31(8):1540-5.
    • (2010) Peptides , vol.31 , Issue.8 , pp. 1540-1545
    • Prosser, H.C.1    Richards, A.M.2    Forster, M.E.3
  • 41
    • 84883435375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primacy of angiotensin converting enzyme in angiotensin-(1-12) metabolism
    • Moniwa N, Varagic J, Simington SW, et al. Primacy of angiotensin converting enzyme in angiotensin-(1-12) metabolism. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2013;305(5):H644-50.
    • (2013) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.305 , Issue.5
    • Moniwa, N.1    Varagic, J.2    Simington, S.W.3
  • 42
    • 79251592234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uptake and metabolism of the novel peptide angiotensin-(1-12) by neonatal cardiac myocytes
    • This study represents the first publication that identifies Ang-(1-12) metabolic pathways in cardiac myocytes and shows increased Ang-(1-12) uptake in SHR compared with WKY
    • • Ahmad S, Varagic J, Westwood BM, et al. Uptake and metabolism of the novel peptide angiotensin-(1-12) by neonatal cardiac myocytes. PLoS One. 2011;6(1):e15759. This study represents the first publication that identifies Ang-(1-12) metabolic pathways in cardiac myocytes and shows increased Ang-(1-12) uptake in SHR compared with WKY.
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6 , Issue.1
    • Ahmad, S.1    Varagic, J.2    Westwood, B.M.3
  • 43
    • 84861183922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergent pathways for the angiotensin-(1-12) metabolism in the rat circulation and kidney
    • Westwood BM, Chappell MC. Divergent pathways for the angiotensin-(1-12) metabolism in the rat circulation and kidney. Peptides. 2012;35(2):190-5.
    • (2012) Peptides , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 190-195
    • Westwood, B.M.1    Chappell, M.C.2
  • 45
    • 84876588807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predominance of AT(1) blockade over mas-mediated angiotensin-(1-7) mechanisms in the regulation of blood pressure and renin-angiotensin system in mRen2.Lewis rats
    • While the focus of this study is on the potential contribution of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/mas-axis to the antihypertensive actions of the AT1-receptor antagonist, olmesartan, Table 2 documents that renal neprilysin activity is greater than 95-fold above those measured for renal ACE activity in a transgenic model of renin-dependent hypertension
    • • Varagic J, Ahmad S, Voncannon JL, et al. Predominance of AT(1) blockade over mas-mediated angiotensin-(1-7) mechanisms in the regulation of blood pressure and renin-angiotensin system in mRen2.Lewis rats. Am J Hypertens. 2013;26(5):583-90. While the focus of this study is on the potential contribution of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/mas-axis to the antihypertensive actions of the AT1-receptor antagonist, olmesartan, Table 2 documents that renal neprilysin activity is greater than 95-fold above those measured for renal ACE activity in a transgenic model of renin-dependent hypertension.
    • (2013) Am J Hypertens , vol.26 , Issue.5 , pp. 583-590
    • Varagic, J.1    Ahmad, S.2    Voncannon, J.L.3
  • 46
    • 84857888402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lessons from in vitro studies and a related intracellular angiotensin II transgenic mouse model
    • Cook JL, Re RN. Lessons from in vitro studies and a related intracellular angiotensin II transgenic mouse model. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2012;302(5):R482-93.
    • (2012) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol , vol.302 , Issue.5
    • Cook, J.L.1    Re, R.N.2
  • 47
    • 0742287703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue renin angiotensin systems
    • DOI 10.1016/S0025-7125(03)00124-X
    • Re RN. Tissue renin angiotensin systems. Med Clin North Am. 2004;88(1):19-38. (Pubitemid 38160940)
    • (2004) Medical Clinics of North America , vol.88 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-38
    • Re, R.N.1
  • 48
    • 81255157608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noncanonical intracrine action
    • A strong position paper detailing the biological significance of intracrine mechanisms in health and disease from one of the major leaders in this field
    • • Re RN, Cook JL. Noncanonical intracrine action. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2011;5(6):435-48. A strong position paper detailing the biological significance of intracrine mechanisms in health and disease from one of the major leaders in this field.
    • (2011) J Am Soc Hypertens , vol.5 , Issue.6 , pp. 435-448
    • Re, R.N.1    Cook, J.L.2
  • 49
    • 34250740891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The intracellular renin-angiotensin system: A new paradigm
    • DOI 10.1016/j.tem.2007.05.001, PII S1043276007000707
    • Kumar R, Singh VP, Baker KM. The intracellular renin-angiotensin system: a new paradigm. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2007;18(5):208-14. (Pubitemid 46962301)
    • (2007) Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.18 , Issue.5 , pp. 208-214
    • Kumar, R.1    Singh, V.P.2    Baker, K.M.3
  • 50
    • 39149119226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The intracellular renin-angiotensin system: Implications in cardiovascular remodeling
    • DOI 10.1097/MNH.0b013e3282f521a8, PII 0004155220080300000009
    • Kumar R, Singh VP, Baker KM. The intracellular renin-angiotensin system: implications in cardiovascular remodeling. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2008;17(2):168-73. (Pubitemid 351253042)
    • (2008) Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 168-173
    • Kumar, R.1    Singh, V.P.2    Baker, K.M.3
  • 51
    • 62549157381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The intracellular renin-angiotensin system in the heart
    • Kumar R, Singh VP, Baker KM. The intracellular renin-angiotensin system in the heart. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2009;11(2):104-10.
    • (2009) Curr Hypertens Rep , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 104-110
    • Kumar, R.1    Singh, V.P.2    Baker, K.M.3
  • 52
    • 0033215367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cardiac renin-angiotensin system: Conceptual, or a regulator of cardiac function?
    • Dostal DE, Baker KM. The cardiac renin-angiotensin system: conceptual, or a regulator of cardiac function? Circ Res. 1999;85(7):643-50. (Pubitemid 29467853)
    • (1999) Circulation Research , vol.85 , Issue.7 , pp. 643-650
    • Dostal, D.E.1    Baker, K.M.2
  • 53
    • 80051545369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the local cardiac renin angiotensin system. Basic and clinical implications
    • De Mello WC, Frohlich ED. On the local cardiac renin angiotensin system. Basic and clinical implications. Peptides. 2011;32(8):1774-9.
    • (2011) Peptides , vol.32 , Issue.8 , pp. 1774-1779
    • De Mello, W.C.1    Frohlich, E.D.2
  • 54
    • 84870464616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical stretch reduces the effect of angiotensin II on potassium current in cardiac ventricular cells of adult Sprague Dawley rats. On the role of AT1 receptors asmechanosensors
    • This important paper reviews De Mello original studies showing that AT1 receptors functioning as mechanoreceptors sensing changes in cell volume can become a major source for cardiac arrhythmias
    • • De Mello WC. Mechanical stretch reduces the effect of angiotensin II on potassium current in cardiac ventricular cells of adult Sprague Dawley rats. On the role of AT1 receptors asmechanosensors. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2012;6(6):369-74. This important paper reviews De Mello original studies showing that AT1 receptors functioning as mechanoreceptors sensing changes in cell volume can become a major source for cardiac arrhythmias.
    • (2012) J Am Soc Hypertens , vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp. 369-374
    • De Mello, W.C.1
  • 56
    • 76849103296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addressing the theoretical and clinical advantages of combination therapy with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: Antihypertensive effects and benefits beyond BP control
    • Ferrario CM. Addressing the theoretical and clinical advantages of combination therapy with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: antihypertensive effects and benefits beyond BP control. Life Sci. 2010;86(9-10):289-99.
    • (2010) Life Sci , vol.86 , Issue.9-10 , pp. 289-299
    • Ferrario, C.M.1
  • 57
    • 19644384705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II receptor blockers on cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
    • DOI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.510461
    • Ferrario CM, Jessup J, Chappell MC, et al. Effect of angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II receptor blockers on cardiac angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Circulation. 2005;111(20):2605-10. (Pubitemid 40740859)
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.111 , Issue.20 , pp. 2605-2610
    • Ferrario, C.M.1    Jessup, J.2    Chappell, M.C.3    Averill, D.B.4    Brosnihan, K.B.5    Tallant, E.A.6    Diz, D.I.7    Gallagher, P.E.8
  • 58
    • 83255175529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chymase-dependent generation of angiotensin II from angiotensin-(1-12) in human atrial tissue
    • This study in human atrial tissue from patients undergoing heart surgery for the treatment of resistant atrial fibrillation created the underpinning for a pathogenic role of myocyte Ang-(1-12) as the principal source accounting for the role of Ang II in the generation of cardiac arrthymias. The studies include demonstration of chymase as the Ang-(1-12) converting enzyme in human atrial tissue
    • •• Ahmad S, Simmons T, Varagic J, et al. Chymase-dependent generation of angiotensin II from angiotensin-(1-12) in human atrial tissue. PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28501. This study in human atrial tissue from patients undergoing heart surgery for the treatment of resistant atrial fibrillation created the underpinning for a pathogenic role of myocyte Ang-(1-12) as the principal source accounting for the role of Ang II in the generation of cardiac arrthymias. The studies include demonstration of chymase as the Ang-(1-12) converting enzyme in human atrial tissue.
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6 , Issue.12
    • Ahmad, S.1    Simmons, T.2    Varagic, J.3
  • 59
    • 84875370725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chymase mediates angiotensin-(1-12) metabolism in normal human hearts
    • Extending the prior conclusions obtained in human disease atrial tissue, the study confirms that chymase is the sole enzyme accounting for Ang-(1-12) metabolism to Ang II directly
    • •• Ahmad S, Wei CC, Tallaj J, et al. Chymase mediates angiotensin-(1-12) metabolism in normal human hearts. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2013;7(2):128-36. Extending the prior conclusions obtained in human disease atrial tissue, the study confirms that chymase is the sole enzyme accounting for Ang-(1-12) metabolism to Ang II directly.
    • (2013) J Am Soc Hypertens , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 128-136
    • Ahmad, S.1    Wei, C.C.2    Tallaj, J.3
  • 61
    • 77951171609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mast cell chymase limits the cardiac efficacy of Ang I-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy in rodents
    • Wei CC, Hase N, Inoue Y, et al. Mast cell chymase limits the cardiac efficacy of Ang I-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy in rodents. J Clin Invest. 2010;120(4):1229-39.
    • (2010) J Clin Invest , vol.120 , Issue.4 , pp. 1229-1239
    • Wei, C.C.1    Hase, N.2    Inoue, Y.3
  • 62
    • 0033770425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothesis regarding the pathophysiological role of alternative pathways of angiotensin II formation in atherosclerosis
    • Arakawa K, Urata H. Hypothesis regarding the pathophysiological role of alternative pathways of angiotensin II formation in atherosclerosis. Hypertension. 2000;36(4):638-41.
    • (2000) Hypertension , vol.36 , Issue.4 , pp. 638-641
    • Arakawa, K.1    Urata, H.2
  • 64
    • 79955490484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood glucose level and survival in streptozotocin-treated human chymase transgenic mice
    • Rafiq K, Sherajee SJ, Fan YY, et al. Blood glucose level and survival in streptozotocin-treated human chymase transgenic mice. Chin J Physiol. 2011;54(1):30-5.
    • (2011) Chin J Physiol , vol.54 , Issue.1 , pp. 30-35
    • Rafiq, K.1    Sherajee, S.J.2    Fan, Y.Y.3
  • 66
    • 0038012831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role for chymase in heart failure: Angiotensin II-dependent or -independent mechanisms?
    • DOI 10.1161/01.CIR.0000074786.92067.AA
    • Kokkonen JO, Lindstedt KA, Kovanen PT. Role for chymase in heart failure: angiotensin II-dependent or -independent mechanisms? Circulation. 2003;107(20):2522-4. (Pubitemid 36628925)
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , Issue.20 , pp. 2522-2524
    • Kokkonen, J.O.1    Lindstedt, K.A.2    Kovanen, P.T.3
  • 67
    • 0037512313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chymase inhibition prevents cardiac fibrosis and improves diastolic dysfunction in the progression of heart failure
    • DOI 10.1161/01.CIR.0000074041.81728.79
    • Matsumoto T, Wada A, Tsutamoto T, et al. Chymase inhibition prevents cardiac fibrosis and improves diastolic dysfunction in the progression of heart failure. Circulation. 2003;107(20):2555-8. (Pubitemid 36628935)
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , Issue.20 , pp. 2555-2558
    • Matsumoto, T.1    Wada, A.2    Tsutamoto, T.3    Ohnishi, M.4    Isono, T.5    Kinoshita, M.6
  • 68
    • 0030662137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II formation from ACE and chymase in human and animal hearts: Methods and species considerations
    • Balcells E, Meng QC, Johnson Jr WH, et al. Angiotensin II formation from ACE and chymase in human and animal hearts: methods and species considerations. Am J Physiol. 1997;273(4 Pt 2): H1769-74.
    • (1997) Am J Physiol , vol.273 , Issue.4 PART 2
    • Balcells, E.1    Meng, Q.C.2    Johnson Jr., W.H.3
  • 69
    • 77958511663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chymase inhibition prevents fibronectin andmyofibrillar loss and improves cardiomyocyte function and LV torsion angle in dogs with isolated mitral regurgitation
    • Pat B, Chen Y, Killingsworth C, et al. Chymase inhibition prevents fibronectin andmyofibrillar loss and improves cardiomyocyte function and LV torsion angle in dogs with isolated mitral regurgitation. Circulation. 2010;122(15):1488-95.
    • (2010) Circulation , vol.122 , Issue.15 , pp. 1488-1495
    • Pat, B.1    Chen, Y.2    Killingsworth, C.3
  • 72
    • 84863104638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac kallikrein-kinin system is upregulated in chronic volume overload and mediates an inflammatory induced collagen loss
    • Treatment of left heart valve insufficiency that leads to cardiac volume overload remains a formidable issue for which effective treatments are not available. In an experimental model of pure volume overload induced by the creation of an aorto-caval fistula, the authors demonstrate a significant contribution of the cardiac cellular kallikreinkinin system and beneficial effects of blockade with aprotinin
    • •• Wei CC, Chen Y, Powell LC, et al. Cardiac kallikrein-kinin system is upregulated in chronic volume overload and mediates an inflammatory induced collagen loss. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e40110. Treatment of left heart valve insufficiency that leads to cardiac volume overload remains a formidable issue for which effective treatments are not available. In an experimental model of pure volume overload induced by the creation of an aorto-caval fistula, the authors demonstrate a significant contribution of the cardiac cellular kallikreinkinin system and beneficial effects of blockade with aprotinin.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7 , Issue.6
    • Wei, C.C.1    Chen, Y.2    Powell, L.C.3
  • 73
    • 84886430857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the cardiac renin angiotensin system in oophorectomized and estrogen-replete mRen2.Lewis rats
    • By exploring the role of estrogen on the cardiac renin angiotensin system, the authors demonstrate a beneficial action of this sex steroid in blocking cardiac chymase Ang II formation
    • • Wang H, Jessup JA, Zhao Z, et al. Characterization of the cardiac renin angiotensin system in oophorectomized and estrogen-replete mRen2.Lewis rats. PLoS One. 2013;8(10):e76992. By exploring the role of estrogen on the cardiac renin angiotensin system, the authors demonstrate a beneficial action of this sex steroid in blocking cardiac chymase Ang II formation.
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8 , Issue.10
    • Wang, H.1    Jessup, J.A.2    Zhao, Z.3
  • 76
    • 0036023644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissecting the role of chymase in angiotensin II formation and heart and blood vessel diseases
    • DOI 10.1097/00001573-200207000-00009
    • Dell'Italia LJ, Husain A. Dissecting the role of chymase in angiotensin II formation and heart and blood vessel diseases. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2002;17(4):374-9. (Pubitemid 34864606)
    • (2002) Current Opinion in Cardiology , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 374-379
    • Dell'Italia, L.J.1    Husain, A.2
  • 77
    • 0026510060 scopus 로고
    • Cardiac actions of angiotensin II: Role of an intracardiac renin-angiotensin system
    • Baker KM, Booz GW, Dostal DE. Cardiac actions of angiotensin II: Role of an intracardiac renin-angiotensin system. Annu Rev Physiol. 1992;54:227-41.
    • (1992) Annu Rev Physiol , vol.54 , pp. 227-241
    • Baker, K.M.1    Booz, G.W.2    Dostal, D.E.3
  • 78
    • 0035106195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different angiotensin II-forming pathways in human and rat vascular tissues
    • DOI 10.1016/S0009-8981(01)00379-5, PII S0009898101003795
    • Takai S, Sakaguchi M, Jin D, et al. Different angiotensin II-forming pathways in human and rat vascular tissues. Clin Chim Acta. 2001;305(1-2):191-5. (Pubitemid 32201977)
    • (2001) Clinica Chimica Acta , vol.305 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 191-195
    • Takai, S.1    Sakaguchi, M.2    Jin, D.3    Yamada, M.4    Kirimura, K.5    Miyazaki, M.6
  • 79
    • 66949181206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha 2-macroglobulin capture allows detection of mast cell chymase in serum and creates a reservoir of angiotensin II-generating activity
    • Raymond WW, Su S, Makarova A, et al. Alpha 2-macroglobulin capture allows detection of mast cell chymase in serum and creates a reservoir of angiotensin II-generating activity. J Immunol. 2009;182(9):5770-7.
    • (2009) J Immunol , vol.182 , Issue.9 , pp. 5770-5777
    • Raymond, W.W.1    Su, S.2    Makarova, A.3
  • 80
    • 66249098883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential regulation of angiotensin-(1-12) in plasma and cardiac tissue in response to bilateral nephrectomy
    • Ferrario CM, Varagic J, Habibi J, et al. Differential regulation of angiotensin-(1-12) in plasma and cardiac tissue in response to bilateral nephrectomy. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2009;296(4):H1184-92.
    • (2009) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.296 , Issue.4
    • Ferrario, C.M.1    Varagic, J.2    Habibi, J.3
  • 81
    • 44949253157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-(1-12) is an alternate substrate for angiotensin peptide production in the heart
    • Trask AJ, Jessup JA, Chappell MC, et al. Angiotensin-(1-12) is an alternate substrate for angiotensin peptide production in the heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008;294(5):H2242-7.
    • (2008) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.294 , Issue.5
    • Trask, A.J.1    Jessup, J.A.2    Chappell, M.C.3
  • 82
    • 33751094865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular angiotensin II induces cell proliferation independent of AT1 receptor
    • Baker KM, Kumar R. Intracellular angiotensin II induces cell proliferation independent of AT1 receptor. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2006;291(5):C995-1001.
    • (2006) Am J Physiol Cell Physiol , vol.291 , Issue.5
    • Baker, K.M.1    Kumar, R.2
  • 83
    • 33751291204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Volume-overload cardiac hypertrophy is unaffected by ACE inhibitor treatment in dogs
    • Dell'Italia LJ, Balcells E, Meng QC, et al. Volume-overload cardiac hypertrophy is unaffected by ACE inhibitor treatment in dogs. Am J Physiol. 1997;273(2 Pt 2):H961-70.
    • (1997) Am J Physiol , vol.273 , Issue.2 PART 2
    • Dell'Italia, L.J.1    Balcells, E.2    Meng, Q.C.3
  • 84
    • 41749123049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the intracellular renin-angiotensin system in cardiac fibroblasts by high glucose: Role in extracellular matrix production
    • DOI 10.1152/ajpheart.91493.2007
    • Singh VP, Baker KM, Kumar R. Activation of the intracellular renin-angiotensin system in cardiac fibroblasts by high glucose: role in extracellular matrix production. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2008;294(4):H1675-84. (Pubitemid 351490598)
    • (2008) American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology , vol.294 , Issue.4
    • Singh, V.P.1    Baker, K.M.2    Kumar, R.3
  • 85
    • 0024549047 scopus 로고
    • Direct formation of angiotensin II without renin or converting enzyme in the ischemic dog heart
    • Gondo M, Maruta H, Arakawa K. Direct formation of angiotensin II without renin or converting enzyme in the ischemic dog heart. Jpn Heart J. 1989;30(2):219-29. (Pubitemid 19104461)
    • (1989) Japanese Heart Journal , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 219-229
    • Gondo, M.1    Maruta, H.2    Arakawa, K.3
  • 86
    • 0023872912 scopus 로고
    • Formation of angiotensin II by tonin-inhibitor complex
    • Ikeda M, Sasaguri M, Maruta H, et al. Formation of angiotensin II by tonin-inhibitor complex. Hypertension. 1988;11(1):63-70. (Pubitemid 18086312)
    • (1988) Hypertension , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 63-70
    • Ikeda, M.1    Sasaguri, M.2    Maruta, H.3    Arakawa, K.4
  • 88
    • 0021369489 scopus 로고
    • Granulocyte-angiotensin system. Identification of angiotensinogen as the plasma protein substrate of leukocyte cathepsin G
    • Wintroub BU, Klickstein LB, Dzau VJ, et al. Granulocyte-angiotensin system. Identification of angiotensinogen as the plasma protein substrate of leukocyte cathepsin G. Biochemistry. 1984;23(2):227-32. (Pubitemid 14185166)
    • (1984) Biochemistry , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 227-232
    • Wintroub, B.U.1    Klickstein, L.B.2    Dzau, V.J.3    Watt, K.W.K.4
  • 89
    • 79251527249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensinogen metabolism in rat aorta: Robust formation of proangiotensin-12
    • Bujak-Gizycka B, Olszanecki R, Suski M, et al. Angiotensinogen metabolism in rat aorta: robust formation of proangiotensin-12. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2010;61(6):679-82.
    • (2010) J Physiol Pharmacol , vol.61 , Issue.6 , pp. 679-682
    • Bujak-Gizycka, B.1    Olszanecki, R.2    Suski, M.3
  • 91
    • 0017225506 scopus 로고
    • A pressor formation by trypsin from renin-denatured human plasma protein
    • Arakawa K, Ikeda M, Fukuyama J, et al. A pressor formation by trypsin from renin-denatured human plasma protein. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1976;42(3):599-602.
    • (1976) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.42 , Issue.3 , pp. 599-602
    • Arakawa, K.1    Ikeda, M.2    Fukuyama, J.3
  • 92
    • 0019127132 scopus 로고
    • Ability of kallikrein to generate angiotensin II like pressor substance and a proposed 'kinin-tensin enzyme system'
    • DOI 10.1038/288705a0
    • Arakawa K, Maruta H. Ability of kallikrein to generate angiotensin II-like pressor substance and a proposed 'kinin-tensin enzyme system'. Nature. 1980;288(5792):705-6. (Pubitemid 11168524)
    • (1980) Nature , vol.288 , Issue.5792 , pp. 705-706
    • Arakawa, K.1    Maruta, H.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.