Beyond the third mission: Exploring the emerging university function of co-creation for sustainability

Science and Public Policy

Volumn 41, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 151-179

  Trencher, Gregory ^a   Yarime, Masaru ^b   McCormick, Kes B ^c   Doll, Christopher N H ^d   Kraines, Steven B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

^c INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS   (Sweden)

^d UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Co creation; Collaboration; Mission; Sustainability; Transformation; University

Indexed keywords

CIVIL SOCIETY; GOVERNANCE APPROACH; PLANNING THEORY; RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT; SUSTAINABILITY; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER; THEORETICAL STUDY; TREND ANALYSIS; UNIVERSITY SECTOR;

EID: 84898481091     PISSN: 03023427     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/scipol/sct044     Document Type: Article

References (118)

1. Arbo, P. and Benneworth, P. (2007) 'Understanding the regional contribution of higher education institutions: A literature review', OECD Education Working Paper, No. 9. Paris: OECD.
2. Association of University Technology Managers. (2009) 'AUTM U.S. licensing activity survey highlights: FY2009', http://www.autm.net/AM/Template.cfm?Section= Licensing_Surveys_AUTM&TEMPLATE=/CM/Content Display.cfm&CONTENTID=5239 accessed 15 December 2012.
3. Bai, X., Roberts, B. and Chen, J. (2010) 'Urban sustainability experiments in Asia: Patterns and pathways', Environmental Science and Policy, 13: 312-25.
4. Bardaglio, P. (2009) 'Sustainability, economic development and community partnerships'. In: Bardaglio, P. and Putman, A. (eds) Boldly Sustainable: Hope and Opportunity for Higher Education in the Age of Climate Change, pp. 107-23. Washington DC: NACUBO.
5. Berkhourt, F. et al. (2010) 'Sustainability experiments in Asia: Innovations shaping alternative development pathways?', Environmental Science and Policy, 13: 261-71.
6. Bleiklie, A. and Kogan, K. (2007) 'Organization and governance of universities', Higher Education Policy, 20: 477-93.
7. Board of Swiss Institutes of Technology (ETH-Rat). (1998) 2000-watt society: Swiss model sustainability strategy for the ETH domain (in German). Zurich: Wirtschaftsplattform ETH Zurich.
8. Boulouchos, K., Casciaro, C., Fröhlich, K., Hellweg, S. et al. (2008) Energy Strategy for ETH Zurich. Zurich: Energy Science Center, ETH Zurich.
9. Brown, H., Vergragt, P., Green, K. and Borchicci, L. (2003) 'Learning for sustainability transition through bounded socio-technical experiments in personal mobility', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 15: 219-315.
10. Brown, L. (2011) World on the Edge: How to Prevent Environmental and Economic Collapse. London: Earthscan.
11. Bulkeley, H. and Broto, V. C. (2012) 'Government by experiment? Global cities and the governing of climate change', Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-5661.2012.00535.x.
12. Canaan, J. and Shumar, W. (2008) Structure and Agency in the Neoliberal University. London: Taylor and Francis.
13. Carayannis, E. and Campbell, D. (2010) 'Triple helix, quadruple helix and quintuple helix and how do knowledge, innovation and the environment relate to each other? A proposed framework for a trans-disciplinary analysis of sustainable development and social ecology', International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development, 1: 41-69.
14. Carayannis, E. and Campbell, D. (2011) 'Open innovation diplomacy and a 21st century fractal research, education and innovation (FREIE) ecosystem: Building on the quadruple and quintuple helix innovation concepts and the "mode 3" knowledge production system', Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 2: 327-82.
15. Cash, D., Clark, W., Alcock, F., Dickson, N., Eckley, N., Guston, D., Jager, J. and Mitchell, R. (2003) 'Knowledge systems for sustainable development', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100/14: 8086-91.
16. CCEM. (2011) Annual Activity Report 2010. Villigen, Switzerland: Paul Scherrer Institute, http://www.ccem.ch/ MediaBoard/CCEM_Annual_Activity_Report_2010.pdf accessed 5 March 2012.
17. City of Oberlin. (2013) Oberlin Climate Action Plan. Oberlin, http://www.cityofoberlin.com/images/omlps/2013%20cap% 20online%20pdf.pdf accessed 12 March 2013.
18. Clark, B. (1998) Creating Entrepreneurial Universities: Organizational Pathways of Transformation. Oxford, UK: IAU Press and Pergamon.
19. Clark, W. and Holiday, L. (eds) (2006) Linking Knowledge with Action for Sustainable Development: The Role of Program Management. Summary of a Workshop, Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
20. Crow, M. (2010) 'Organizing teaching and research to address the grand challenges of sustainable development', Bioscience, 60: 488-9.
21. David, P. (2003) 'The economic logic of 'open science' and the balance between private property rights and the public domain in scientific data and information: A primer'. In: Esanu, J. M. and Uhlir, P. F. (eds) The Role of Scientific and Technical Data and Information in the Public Domain: Proceeding of a Symposium, pp. 19-34. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
22. E3M Project. (2012) 'Green paper: Fostering and measuring "third mission" in higher education institutions' http:// www.e3mproject.eu/docs/Green%20paper-p.pdf accessed 11 June 2012.
23. Etzkowitz, H. (1998) 'The norms of entrepreneurial science: Cognitive effects of the new university-industry linkages', Research Policy, 27: 823-33.
24. Etzkowitz, H. (2002) MIT and the Rise of Entrepreneurial Science, Routledge: London.
25. Etzkowitz, H. (2003) 'Research groups as 'quasi-firms': The invention of the entrepreneurial university', Research Policy, 32: 109-21.
26. Etzkowitz, H., Webster, A., Gebhardt, C. and Cantisano Terra, B. R. (2000) 'The future of the university and the university of the future: Evolution of ivory tower to entrepreneurial paradigm', Research Policy, 29: 313-31.
27. Etzkowitz, H. and Zhou, C. (2006) 'Triple helix twins: Innovation and sustainability', Science and Public Policy, 33: 77-83.
28. Evans, J. and Karvonen, A. (forthcoming) 'Give me a laboratory and I will lower your carbon footprint!-Urban laboratories and the governance of low carbon futures', International Journal of Urban and Regional Research.
29. Fadeeva, Z. (2004) 'Promise of sustainability collaboration-potential fulfilled?', Journal of Cleaner Production, 13: 165-74.
30. Frantz, C. (2013) 'Interview by Gregory Trencher', Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH, USA, June 6..
31. Ford, M. (2002) Beyond the Modern University: Toward a Constructive Postmodern University. Westport, CT: Praeger.
32. Geels, F. (2002) 'Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes: A multi-level perspective and a casestudy', Research Policy, 31: 1257-74.
33. Geels, F. and Raven, R. (2006) 'Non-linearity and expectations in niche-development trajectories: Ups and downs in Dutch biogas development (1973-2003)', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 18: 385-92.
34. Gibbons, M. (1999) 'Science's new social contract with society', Nature, 402/2: C81-C84.
35. Grimm, N., Faeth, S., Golubiewski, N., Redman, C. et al. (2008) 'Global change and the ecology of cities', Science, 319: 756-60.
36. Haberli, R. and Thompson Klein, J. (2001) 'Summary and synthesis'. In: Thompson Klein, J., Gorssenbacher-Mansuy, W., Haberli, R., Scholz, R. et al. (eds)Transdisciplinarity: Joint Problem Solving Among Science, Technology, and Society, Proceedings of the International Transdisciplinarity 2000 Conference, pp. 3-21. Basel: Birkhä user.
37. Hegger, D., Lamers, M., Van Zeijl-Rozema, A., Dieperink, C. et al. (2012) 'Conceptualising joint knowledge production in regional climate change adaptation projects: Success conditions and levers for action', Environmental Science and Policy, 18: 52-65.
38. Heinberg, R. (2011) The End of Growth: Adapting to Our New Economic Reality. Gabriola Island, BC, Canada: New Society Publishers.
39. Heller, M. and Eisenberg, R. (1998) 'Can patents deter innovation? The anticommons in biomedical research', Science, 280: 698-701.
40. International Sustainable Campus Network. (2012) 'The power of partnerships 2012: Summary report International Sustainable Campus Network Symposium, held 19-21 June 2012, Eugene, OR http://www.international-sustainablecampus-network.org/conferences/2012-iscn-symposium.html accessed 5 December 2012.
41. Jensen, R. and Thursby, M. (2001) 'Proofs and prototypes for sale: The licensing of university inventions', American Economic Review, 91: 240-58.
42. Jochem, E. et al. (eds) (2002) Steps Towards a 2000 Watt-Society: Developing a White Paper on Research and Development of Energy-Efficient Technologies. CEPE: ETH Zurich.
43. Jochem, E. et al. (eds) (2004) Steps Towards a Sustainable Development: A White Book for R&D of Energy-Efficient Technologies. Zurich: ETHZ Press.
44. Kenney, M. and Patton, D. (2009) 'Reconsidering the Bayh-Dole Act and the current university invention ownership model', Research Policy, 38: 1407-22.
45. Klein, J. (2002) 'More to third mission than counting pounds', Times Higher Education, 9 August http://www.timeshigher education.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=170988§ioncode= 26, accessed 15 August 2012.
46. Komiyama, H. and Takeuchi, K. (2006) 'Sustainability science: Building a new discipline', Sustainability Science, 1: 1-6.
47. König, A. (2013) Regenerative Sustainable Development of Universities and Cities: The Role of Living Laboratories. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
48. Lienin, S., Kasemir, B. and Stulz, R. (2004) 'Bridging science with application for sustainability: Private-public partnerships in the Novatlantis pilot-region of Basel'. Duebendorf, Switzerland: Novatlantis.
49. Lienin, S., Kasemir, B. and Stulz, R. and Wokaun, A. (2005) 'Partnerships for sustainable mobility: The pilot region of Basel', Environment, 47(3): 22-35.
50. Loorbach, D. and Rotmans, J. (2010) 'The practice of transition management: Examples and lessons from four distinct cases', Futures, 42: 238-46.
51. Lowe, R. (2002) 'Invention, innovation and entrepreneurship: The commercialization of university research by inventorfounded firms', PhD dissertation. University of California, Berkeley.
52. Lundvall, B. and Johnson, B. (1994) 'The learning economy', Journal of Industry Studies, 1(2): 23-42.
53. McCauley, S. and Stephens, J. (2012) 'Green energy clusters and socio-technical transitions: Analysis of a sustainable energy cluster for regional economic development in central Massachusetts, USA', Sustainability Science, 7: 213-25.
54. Marechal, F., Favrat, D. and Jochem, E. (2005) 'Energy in the perspective of the sustainable development: The 2000W society challenge', Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 44: 245-62.
55. Martin, B. (2012) 'Are universities and university research under threat? Towards an evolutionary model of university speciation', Cambridge Journal of Economics, 36: 543-65.
56. Mero, T. (2011) 'Town and gown unite', Sustainability, 4(4): 169-73.
57. Masi, B. (2012) 'A 70% Shift? How Local Could Oberlin Go? Report prepared for the Oberlin Project'. Oberlin.
58. M'Gonigle, M. and Starke, J. (2006) Planet U Sustaining the World, Reinventing the University. British Columbia: Canada: New Society Publishers.
59. Millennium Assessment. (2005) 'Living beyond our means: Natural assets and human wellbeing', www.millenniumassessment. org/documents/document.356.aspx.pdf accessed 5 February 2012.
60. Miller, T. (2012) 'Constructing sustainability science: Emerging perspectives and research trajectories', Sustainability Science, DOI: 10.1007/s11625-012-0180-6.
61. Molnar, C., Ritz, T., Heller, B. and Solecki, W. (2011) 'Using higher education-community partnerships to promote urban sustainability', Environment, 53: 18-28.
62. Morosini, M. (2010) 'A "2000-watt society" in 2050: A Realistic vision?',. In: Mascia, M. and Mariani, L. (eds) Ethics and Climate Change: Scenarios for Justice and Sustainability, pp. 57-72. Padua, Italy: CLEUP.
63. Mowery, D. (2007) 'University-industry research collaboration and technology transfer in the United States'. In: Yusuf, S. and Nabeshima, K. (eds) How Universities Promote Economic Growth, pp. 163-81. Washington, DC: World Bank.
64. Mowery, D., Nelson, R., Sampat, B. and Ziedonis, A. (2004) Ivory Tower and Industrial Innovation: University-Industry Technology Transfer Before and After the Bayh-Dole Act in the United States. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
65. Myers, N. and Kent, J. (2008) 'The citizen is willing, but society won't deliver: The problem of institutional roadblocks'. Winnipeg, Canada: International Institute for Sustainable Development.
66. Nelson, R. (2004) 'The market economy, and the scientific commons', Research Policy, 33: 455-71.
67. Oberlin Project A. 'Climate positive community, sustainable economic development, local agriculture, green arts district', www.oberlinproject.org accessed 12 November, 2012.
68. Oberlin Project B. 'Economic development-The Oberlin Project', http://www.oberlinproject.org/economic-development accessed 1 November 2012.
69. Oberlin Project C. 'Economic development-The Oberlin Project', http://www.oberlinproject.org/local-foods accessed 11 October 2012.
70. OECD. (1999) The Response of Higher Education Institutions to Regional Needs. Paris: OECD.
71. OECD. (2007) Higher Education and Regions: Globally Competitive, Locally Engaged. Paris: OECD.
72. Orr, D. (2009) 'The Oberlin Project: a Clinton Climate Initiative climate positive project', http://www.coolwilliamstown.org/ sites/default/files/OberlinProject.pdf accessed 12 June 2012.
73. Orr, D. (2011a) 'The Oberlin project and "full spectrum sustainability" ', Think Progress, April 6 http://thinkprogress.org/ climate/2011/04/06/207826/the-oberlin-project-and-fullspectrum-sustainability accessed 12 October 2012.
74. Orr, D. (2011b) 'The Oberlin project: What do we stand for now?', Oberlin Alumni Magazine, Fall 2011, 19-28.
75. Perry, D. and Wiewel, W. eds) (2005) The University as Urban Developer: Case Studies and Analysis. New York: M. E. Sharpe Publishers.
76. Peterson, J. (2012) 'Multiple modes and scales of feedback', Paper presented at conference on Climate, Mind and Behaviour 2012, held 15-7 February 2012, New York.
77. Philpott, K., Dooley, L., O'Reilly, C. and Lupton, G. (2011) 'The entrepreneurial university: Examining the underlying academic tensions', Technovation, 31: 161-70.
78. Puuka, J. (2008) 'Mobilising higher education for sustainable development-lessons learnt from the OECD study', In: Proceedings of the 4th International Barcelona Conference on Higher Education, Vol. 7. Higher Education for Sustainable Development, http://upcommons.upc.edu/revistes/handle/ 2099/5784 accessed 3 August 2012.
79. Reason, P. and Bradbury, H. (eds) (2008) 'Sage Handbook of Action Research: Participative Inquiry and Practice', 2nd edn. London: Sage Publications.
80. Rhoades, G. (2005) 'Capitalism, academic style, and shared governance', Academe Online, 91: 3 http://www.aaup.org/ AAUP/pubsres/academe/2005/MJ/Feat/rhod.htm accessed 12 November 2012.
81. Rockstrom, J., Steffen, W., Noone, K., Persson.Å et al. (2009) 'A safe operating space for humanity', Nature, 461: 473-5.
82. Rothaermel, F., Agung, S. and Jiang, L. (2007) 'University entrepreneurship: A taxonomy of the literature', Industrial and Corporate Change, 16: 691-791.
83. Rotmans, J. and Loorbach, D. (2008) 'Transition management: Reflexive governance of societal complexity through searching, learning and experimenting'. In: van den Bergh, J. C. J. M. and Bruinsma, F. R. (eds) Managing the Transition to Renewable Energy, pp. 15-46. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
84. Rotmans, J. and Loorbach, D. (2010) 'Towards a better understanding of transitions and their governance. A systemic and reflexive approach'. In: Grin, J., Rotmans, J. and Schot, J. (eds) Transitions to Sustainable Development. New Directions in the Study of Long Term Transformative Change, pp. 105-223. London: Routledge.
85. Saunders, D. (2010) 'Neoliberal ideology and public higher education in the United States', Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies, 8: 41-77.
86. Schneidewind, U. and Augenstein, K. (2012) 'Analyzing a transition to a sustainability-oriented science system in Germany', Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 3: 16-28.
87. Scholz, R. (2000) 'Mutual learning as a basic principle of transdisciplinarity'. In: Scholz, R., Hä berli, R., Bill, A. and Welti, M. (eds) Transdisciplinarity: Joint Problem-Solving Among Science, Technology and Society. Proceedings of the International Transdisciplinarity 2000 Conference Workbook II: Mutual Learning Sessions, Vol. 2, pp. 13-7. Zurich: Haffmans Sachbuch.
88. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. (2010) Global Biodiversity Outlook 3. Montreal, Canada: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity.
89. Sedlacek, S. (2013) 'The role of universities in fostering sustainable development at the regional level', Journal of Cleaner Production, 48: 74-84.
90. Shane, S. (2004) Academic Entrepreneurship: University Spinoffs and Wealth Creation. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.
91. Slaughter, S. and Rhoades, G. (2004) Academic Capitalism and the New Economy: Markets, State and Higher Education. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
92. Spangenberg, J. (2011) 'Sustainability science: A review, an analysis and some empirical lessons', Environmental Conservation, 38: 275-87.
93. Stephens, J. C. and Graham, A. (2010) 'Toward an empirical research agenda for sustainability in higher education: Exploring the transition management framework', Journal of Cleaner Production, 18: 611-8.
94. Stephens, J. C., Hernandez, M. E. and Boyle, M.-E. (2009) 'Learning from university-community partnerships (past and present) for sustainable development', GPMI Working Papers. No. 2009-04, Clarke University, http://wordpress.clarku.edu/ jstephens/files/2012/03/Stephens-Hernandez-and-Boyle-Marsh-WP-2009.pdf accessed 25 March 2013.
95. Stephens, J. C., Hernandez, M. E., Román, M., Graham, A. C. and Scholz, R. W. (2008) 'Higher education as a change agent for sustainability in different cultures and contexts', International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 9: 317-38.
96. Talwar, S., Wiek, A. and Robinson, J. (2011) 'User engagement in sustainability research', Science and Public Policy, 38: 389-90.
97. Trencher, G. and Yarime, M. (2012) 'Universities co-creating urban sustainability', United Nations University, http:// unu.edu/publications/articles/universities-co-creating-urbansustainability. html accessed 5 July 2013.
98. Trencher, G. and Yarime, M. and Kharrazi, A. (2013) 'Co-creating sustainability: Cross-sector university collaborations for driving sustainable urban transformations', Journal of Cleaner Production, 50: 40-55.
99. University of California, San Diego. (2010) 2010 Annual Report: Technology Transfer Office. La Jolla, CA and San Diego, CA: University of California, Technology Transfer Office.
100. Van den Bosch, S. (2010) 'Transition experiments: exploring societal changes towards sustainability'. PhD thesis, University of Rotterdam.
101. Van den Bosch, S. and Rotmans, J. (2008) 'Deepening, broadening and scaling up: A framework for steering transition experiments'. Rotterdam, the Netherlands: Knowledge Centre for Sustainable System Innovations and Transitions.
102. Vendetti, M., Reale, E. and Leydesdorff, L. (2011) 'The disclosure of university research for societal demand: A non-market perspective on the "third mission" ', http://arxiv.org/pdf/ 1111.5684.pdf accessed 1 August 2012.
103. Vey, J. (2007) Restoring Prosperity: The State Role in Revitalizing America's Older Industrial Cities. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
104. Vorley, T. and Nelles, J. (2008) '(Re)Conceptualising the academy: Institutional development of and beyond the third mission', Higher Education Management and Policy, 20/3: 1-17.
105. Vos, R. (2007) 'Perspective. Defining sustainability: A conceptual orientation', Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 82: 334-9.
106. Vreugdenhil, V., Frantzeskaki, N., Taljaard, S., Ker Rault, P. et al. (2009) 'The next step in policy transitions: Diffusion of pilot projects', Paper presented at 13th Annual International Research Symposium for Public Management (IRSPM XIII), held 6-8 April 2009, Copenhagen, Denmark.
107. Washburn, J. (2006) University Inc.: The Corporate Corruption of Higher Education. New York: Basic Books.
108. Whitmer, A., Ogden, L., Lawton, J., Sturner, P. et al. (2010) 'The engaged university: Providing a platform for research that transforms society', Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 8: 314-21.
109. William McDonough + Partners. 'Adam Joseph Lewis Center for Environmental Studies, Oberlin College', http://www. mcdonoughpartners.com/projects/view/adam_joseph_lewis_ center_environmental_studies_oberlin_college accessed 23 June 2012.
110. Wittrock, B. (1993) 'The modern university: The three transformations'. In: Rothblatt, S. and Wittrock, B. (eds) The European and American University Since 1800: Historical and Sociological Essays, pp. 303-62. New York: CUP.
111. World Bank. (2010) Cities and Climate Change: An Urgent Agenda. Washington DC: World Bank.
112. World Wide Fund for Nature, Zoological Society of London, Global Footprint Network and European Space Agency. (2012) Living Planet Report 2012: Biodiversity, Biocapacity and Better Choices. Gland, Switzerland: World Wide Fund for Nature.
113. Yang, Y., Egelund Holgaard, J. and Remmen, A. (2012) 'What can triple helix frameworks offer to the analysis of eco-innovation dynamics? Theoretical and methodological considerations', Science and Public Policy, 39: 373-85.
114. Yarime, M., Trencher, G., Mino, T., Scholz, R.W. et al. (2012) 'Establishing sustainability science in higher education institutions: Towards an integration of academic development, institutionalization, and stakeholder collaborations', Sustainability Science, 7: 101-13.
115. Yusuf, S. (2007) 'University-industry links: Policy dimensions'. In: Yusuf, S. and Nabeshima, K. (eds) How Universities Promote Economic Growth, pp. 1-25. Washington, DC: World Bank.
116. Yusuf, S. and Nabeshima, K. (eds) (2007) How Universities Promote Economic Growth. Washington, DC: World Bank.
117. Zhang, J. (2007) 'A study of academic entrepreneurs using venture capital data'. Discussion Paper No. 2992. Bonn, Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor, http://ftp.iza. org/dp2992.pdf accessed 2 November 2012.
118. Zilahy, G. and Huisingh, D. (2009) 'The roles of academia in regional sustainability initiatives', Journal of Cleaner Production, 17: 1057-66.