Connecting the dots: A review of resting connectivity MRI studies in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Neuropsychology Review

Volumn 24, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 3-15

  Posner, Jonathan ^a,b   Park, Christine ^b   Wang, Zhishun ^a,b  

^a New York State Psychiatric Institute ^*  (United States)

^b NEW YORK STATE PSYCHIATRIC INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Cognitive control network; Default mode network; Functional connectivity; Striatum

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; BRAIN; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; NERVE TRACT; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; REST; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER WITH HYPERACTIVITY; BRAIN; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; NEURAL PATHWAYS; REST;

EID: 84897618757     PISSN: 10407308     EISSN: 15736660     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11065-014-9251-z     Document Type: Review

References (86)

1. Alexander, G. E.; Crutcher, M. D. (1990). Functional architecture of basal ganglia circuits: neural substrates of parallel processing. Trends Neurosciences, 13(7), 266-271.
2. Alexander, G. E.; DeLong, M. R.; Strick, P. L. (1986). Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 9(1), 357-381.
3. An, L.; Cao, X. H.; Cao, Q. J.; Sun, L.; Yang, L.; Zou, Q. H.; et al. (2013). Methylphenidate normalizes resting-state brain dysfunction in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology, 38(7), 1287-1295.
4. Barkley, R. (1997). Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychological Bulletin, 121(1), 65-94.
5. Barkley, R. A. (2002). Major life activity and health outcomes associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 63(Suppl 12), 10-15.
6. Barkley, R.; Fischer, M. (2010). The unique contribution of emotional impulsiveness to impairment in major life activities in hyperactive children as adults. Journal of the American Acadamy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(5), 503-513.
7. Barkley, R. A.; Murphy, K. R.; Fischer, M. (2010). ADHD in adults: What the science says. New York: Guilford Press.
8. Beckmann, C. F.; DeLuca, M.; Devlin, J. T.; Smith, S. M. (2005). Investigations into resting-state connectivity using independent component analysis. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, B: Biological Sciences, 360(1457), 1001-1013.
9. Biederman, J.; Newcorn, J.; Sprich, S. (1991). Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with conduct, depressive, anxiety, and other disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148(5), 564-577.
10. Biederman, J.; Petty, C. R.; Fried, R.; Kaiser, R.; Dolan, C. R.; Schoenfeld, S.; et al. (2008). Educational and occupational underattainment in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A controlled study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69(8), 1217-1222.
11. Biswal, B.; Yetkin, F. Z.; Haughton, V. M.; Hyde, J. S. (1995). Functional connectivity in the motor cortex of resting human brain using echo-planar MRI. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 34(4), 537-541.
12. Biswal, B. B.; Mennes, M.; Zuo, X.-N.; Gohel, S.; Kelly, C.; Smith, S. M.; et al. (2010). Toward discovery science of human brain function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(10), 4734-4739.
13. Buckner, R.; Andrews-Hanna, J.; Schacter, D. (2008). The brain's default network. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1124, 1-38.
14. Bush, G.; Valera, E. M.; Seidman, L. J. (2005). Functional neuroimaging of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a review and suggested future directions. Biological Psychiatry, 57(11), 1273-1284.
15. Calhoun, V. D.; Adali, T.; Hansen, L. K.; Larsen, J.; Pekar, J. J. (2003). ICA of functional MRI data: an overview.
16. Cao, Q.; Zang, Y.; Sun, L.; Sui, M.; Long, X.; Zou, Q.; et al. (2006). Abnormal neural activity in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuroreport, 17(10), 1033-1036.
17. Cao, X.; Cao, Q.; Long, X.; Sun, L.; Sui, M.; Zhu, C.; et al. (2009). Abnormal resting-state functional connectivity patterns of the putamen in medication-naive children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Brain Research, 1303, 195-206.
18. Cardinal, R. N.; Winstanley, C. A.; Robbins, T. W.; Everitt, B. J. (2004). Limbic corticostriatal systems and delayed reinforcement. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1021(1), 33-50.
19. Casey, B.; Trainor, R.; Orendi, J.; Schubert, A.; Nystrom, L.; Giedd, J.; et al. (1997a). A developmental functional MRI study of prefrontal activation during performance of a go-no-go task. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 9(6), 835-847.
20. Casey, B. J.; Castellanos, F. X.; Giedd, J. N.; Marsh, W. L.; Hamburger, S. D.; Schubert, A. B.; et al. (1997b). Implication of right frontostriatal circuitry in response inhibition and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(3), 374-383.
21. Castellanos, F. X.; Margulies, D. S.; Kelly, C.; Uddin, L. Q.; Ghaffari, M.; Kirsch, A.; et al. (2008). Cingulate-precuneus interactions: a new locus of dysfunction in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 63(3), 332-337.
22. Castellanos, F. X.; Kelly, C.; Milham, M. P. (2009). The restless brain: attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, resting-state functional connectivity, and intrasubject variability. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie, 54(10), 665.
23. Castellanos, F. X.; Di Martino, A.; Craddock, R. C.; Mehta, A. D.; Milham, M. P. (2013). Clinical applications of the functional connectome. Neuroimage, 80, 527-540.
24. Cocchi, L.; Bramati, I. E.; Zalesky, A.; Furukawa, E.; Fontenelle, L. F.; Moll, J.; et al. (2012). Altered functional brain connectivity in a non-clinical sample of young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The Journal of Neuroscience, 32(49), 17753-17761.
25. Cole, M. W.; Schneider, W. (2007). The cognitive control network: integrated cortical regions with dissociable functions. NeuroImage, 37(1), 343-360.
26. Costa Dias, T. G.; Wilson, V. B.; Bathula, D. R.; Iyer, S. P.; Mills, K. L.; Thurlow, B. L.; et al. (2012). Reward circuit connectivity relates to delay discounting in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 23(1), 33-45.
27. Di Martino, A.; Scheres, A.; Margulies, D.; Kelly, A.; Uddin, L.; Shehzad, Z.; et al. (2008). Functional connectivity of human striatum: a resting state FMRI study. Cerebral Cortex, 18(12), 2735.
28. Dosenbach, N. U.; Nardos, B.; Cohen, A. L.; Fair, D. A.; Power, J. D.; Church, J. A.; et al. (2010). Prediction of individual brain maturity using fMRI. Science, 329, 1358-1361.
29. Ejaz, M. (2008). A Framework for Implementing Independent Component Analysis Algorithms: ProQuest.
30. Fair, D.; Dosenbach, N.; Church, J.; Cohen, A.; Brahmbhatt, S.; Miezin, F.; et al. (2007). Development of distinct control networks through segregation and integration. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(33), 13507.
31. Fair, D.; Cohen, A.; Dosenbach, N., Church, J., Miezin, F., Barch, D., et al. (2008). The maturing architecture of the brain's default network. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(10), 4028.
32. Fair, D. A., Cohen, A. L., Power, J. D., Dosenbach, N. U., Church, J. A., Miezin, F. M., et al. (2009). Functional brain networks develop from a "local to distributed" organization. PLoS Computational Biology, 5(5), e1000381. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000381.
33. Fair, D. A., Posner, J., Nagel, B. J., Bathula, D., Dias, T. G. C., Mills, K. L., et al. (2010). Atypical default network connectivity in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry, 68(12), 1084-1091.
34. Fair, D. A., Nigg, J. T., Iyer, S., Bathula, D., Mills, K. L., Dosenbach, N. U., et al. (2012). Distinct neural signatures detected for ADHD subtypes after controlling for micro-movements in resting state functional connectivity MRI data. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 6, 80.
35. Fox, M. D., & Greicius, M. (2010). Clinical applications of resting state functional connectivity. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 4.
36. Fox, M., & Raichle, M. (2007). Spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 8(9), 700-711.
37. Fox, M. D., Snyder, A. Z., Vincent, J. L., Corbetta, M., Van Essen, D. C., & Raichle, M. E. (2005). The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102(27), 9673-9678.
38. Grady, C. L., Protzner, A. B., Kovacevic, N., Strother, S. C., Afshin-Pour, B., Wojtowicz, M., et al. (2010). A multivariate analysis of age-related differences in default mode and task-positive networks across multiple cognitive domains. Cerebral Cortex, 20(6), 1432-1447.
39. Hoekzema, E.; Carmona, S.; Ramosâ€Quiroga, J. A.; Richarte Fernández, V.; Bosch, R.; Soliva, J. C.; et al. (2013). An independent components and functional connectivity analysis of resting state fMRI data points to neural network dysregulation in adult ADHD. Human brain mapping.
40. Kessler, R. C.; Adler, L.; Barkley, R.; Biederman, J.; Conners, C. K.; Demler, O.; et al. (2006). The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: results from the national comorbidity survey replication. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(4), 716.
41. Kisilev, P.; Zibulevsky, M.; Zeevi, Y. Y. (2003). A multiscale framework for blind separation of linearly mixed signals. The Journal of Machine Learning Research, 4, 1339-1363.
42. Konova, A. B.; Moeller, S. J.; Tomasi, D.; Volkow, N. D.; Goldstein, R. Z. (2013). Effects of methylphenidate on resting-state functional connectivity of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathways in cocaine addictioneffects of methylphenidate in cocaine addictioneffects of methylphenidate in cocaine addiction. JAMA Psychiatry, 70(8), 857-868.
43. Konrad, K.; Eickhoff, S. B. (2010). Is the ADHD brain wired differently? a review on structural and functional connectivity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Human Brain Mapping, 31(6), 904-916.
44. Lehéricy, S.; Ducros, M.; Van De Moortele, P. F.; Francois, C.; Thivard, L.; Poupon, C.; et al. (2004). Diffusion tensor fiber tracking shows distinct corticostriatal circuits in humans. Annals of Neurology, 55(4), 522-529.
45. Li, C.-S. R.; Yan, P.; Bergquist, K. L.; Sinha, R. (2007). Greater activation of the "default" brain regions predicts stop signal errors. NeuroImage, 38(3), 640-648.
46. Maia, T. V.; Cooney, R. E.; Peterson, B. S. (2008). The neural bases of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adults. Development and Psychopathology, 20(4), 1251-1283.
47. Marsh, R.; Maia, T. V.; Peterson, B. S. (2009). Functional disturbances within frontostriatal circuits across multiple childhood psychopathologies. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166(6), 664.
48. Middleton, F. A.; Strick, P. L. (2001). A revised neuroanatomy of frontal-subcortical circuits. Frontal-Subcortical Circuits in Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders, 44-58.
49. Milham, M. P.; Fair, D.; Mennes, M.; Mostofsky, S. H. (2012). The ADHD-200 consortium: a model to advance the translational potential of neuroimaging in clinical neuroscience. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 6, 62.
50. Mills, K. L.; Bathula, D.; Dias, T. G. C.; Iyer, S. P.; Fenesy, M. C.; Musser, E. D.; et al. (2012). Altered cortico-striatal-thalamic connectivity in relation to spatial working memory capacity in children with ADHD. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 3.
51. Nooner, K. B.; Colcombe, S. J.; Tobe, R. H.; Mennes, M.; Benedict, M. M.; Moreno, A. L.; et al. (2012). The NKI-Rockland sample: a model for accelerating the pace of discovery science in psychiatry. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 6.
52. Peterson, B.; Kane, M.; Alexander, G.; Lacadie, C.; Skudlarski, P.; Leung, H.; et al. (2002). An event-related functional MRI study comparing interference effects in the Simon and Stroop tasks. Cognitive Brain Research, 13(3), 427-440.
53. Pliszka, S. (2009). Treating ADHD and Comorbid Disorders: Psychosocial and psychopharmacological interventions. New York: Guilford Press.
54. Polanczyk, G.; de Lima, M.; Horta, B.; Biederman, J.; Rohde, L. (2007). The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(6), 942-948.
55. Posner, J.; Maia, T. V.; Fair, D.; Peterson, B. S.; Sonuga-Barke, E. J.; Nagel, B. J. (2011a). The attenuation of dysfunctional emotional processing with stimulant medication: an fMRI study of adolescents with ADHD. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 193(3), 151-160.
56. Posner, J.; Nagel, B. J.; Maia, T. V.; Mechling, A.; Oh, M.; Wang, Z.; et al. (2011b). Abnormal amygdalar activation and connectivity in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 50(8), 828-837. e823.
57. Posner, J.; Hellerstein, D. J.; Gat, I.; Mechling, A.; Klahr, K.; Wang, Z.; et al. (2013a). Antidepressants normalize the default mode network in patients with dysthymiaantidepressants and the default mode network. JAMA Psychiatry, 70(4), 373-382.
58. Posner, J.; Rauh, V.; Gruber, A.; Gat, I.; Wang, Z.; Peterson, B. S. (2013b). Dissociable attentional and affective circuits in medication-naïve children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 213(1), 24-30.
59. Posner, J.; Marsh, R.; Maia, T.; Peterson, B.; Gruber, A.; Simpson, H. (2013c). Reduced functional connectivity within the limbic cortico-striato- thalamo-cortical loop in unmedicated adults wth Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Human brain mapping. doi: 10.1002/hbm.22371.
60. Power, J. D.; Barnes, K. A.; Snyder, A. Z.; Schlaggar, B. L.; Petersen, S. E. (2011). Spurious but systematic correlations in functional connectivity MRI networks arise from subject motion. Neuroimage, 59(3), 2142-2154.
61. Qiu, M.-G.; Ye, Z.; Li, Q.-Y.; Liu, G.-J.; Xie, B.; Wang, J. (2011). Changes of brain structure and function in ADHD children. Brain Topography, 24(3-4), 243-252.
62. Raichle, M.; Snyder, A. (2007). A default mode of brain function: a brief history of an evolving idea. NeuroImage, 37(4), 1083-1090.
63. Raichle, M.; MacLeod, A.; Snyder, A.; Powers, W.; Gusnard, D.; Shulman, G. (2001). A default mode of brain function. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98(2), 676.
64. Sato, J. R.; Hoexter, M. Q.; Castellanos, X. F.; Rohde, L. A. (2012). Abnormal brain connectivity patterns in adults with ADHD: a coherence study. PloS one, 7(9), e45671.
65. Shaw, P.; Lerch, J.; Greenstein, D.; Sharp, W.; Clasen, L.; Evans, A.; et al. (2006). Longitudinal mapping of cortical thickness and clinical outcome in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63(5), 540.
66. Shaw, P.; Eckstrand, K.; Sharp, W.; Blumenthal, J.; Lerch, J. P.; Greenstein, D.; et al. (2007). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is characterized by a delay in cortical maturation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 104(49), 19649-19654.
67. Sheline, Y. I.; Price, J. L.; Yan, Z.; Mintun, M. A. (2010). Resting-state functional MRI in depression unmasks increased connectivity between networks via the dorsal nexus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(24), 11020.
68. Sonuga-Barke, E. J. (2005). Causal models of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: from common simple deficits to multiple developmental pathways. Biological Psychiatry, 57(11), 1231-1238.
69. Sonuga-Barke, E. J.; Taylor, E.; Sembi, S.; Smith, J. (1992). Hyperactivity and delay aversion-I. The effect of delay on choice. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 33(2), 387-398.
70. Sonuga-Barke, E. J.; Sergeant, J. A.; Nigg, J.; Willcutt, E. (2008). Executive dysfunction and delay aversion in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: nosologic and diagnostic implications. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 17(2), 367-384. ix.
71. Sun, L.; Cao, Q.; Long, X.; Sui, M.; Cao, X.; Zhu, C.; et al. (2012). Abnormal functional connectivity between the anterior cingulate and the default mode network in drug-naïve boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 201(2), 120-127.
72. Tian, L.; Jiang, T.; Wang, Y.; Zang, Y.; He, Y.; Liang, M.; et al. (2006). Altered resting-state functional connectivity patterns of anterior cingulate cortex in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuroscience Letters, 400(1-2), 39-43.
73. Tian, L.; Jiang, T.; Liang, M.; Zang, Y.; He, Y.; Sui, M.; et al. (2008). Enhanced resting-state brain activities in ADHD patients: a fMRI study. Brain and Development, 30(5), 342-348.
74. Uddin, L. Q.; Kelly, A.; Biswal, B. B.; Margulies, D. S.; Shehzad, Z.; Shaw, D.; et al. (2008). Network homogeneity reveals decreased integrity of default-mode network in ADHD. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 169(1), 249-254.
75. Van Dijk, K. R.; Sabuncu, M. R.; Buckner, R. L. (2012). The influence of head motion on intrinsic functional connectivity MRI. NeuroImage, 59(1), 431-438.
76. Wang, Z.; Peterson, B. S. (2008). Partnerâ€matching for the automated identification of reproducible ICA components from fMRI datasets: Algorithm and validation. Human Brain Mapping, 29(8), 875-893.
77. Wang, L.; Zhu, C.; He, Y.; Zang, Y.; Cao, Q.; Zhang, H.; et al. (2009). Altered smallâ€world brain functional networks in children with attentionâ€deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Human Brain Mapping, 30(2), 638-649.
78. Wang, Z.; Maia, T. V.; Marsh, R.; Colibazzi, T.; Gerber, A.; Peterson, B. S. (2011). The neural circuits that generate tics in Tourette's syndrome. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168(12), 1326-1337.
79. Wang, X.; Jiao, Y.; Tang, T.; Wang, H.; Lu, Z. (2013). Altered regional homogeneity patterns in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. European journal of radiology, 82(9), 1552-1557.
80. Weissman, D.; Roberts, K.; Visscher, K.; Woldorff, M. (2006). The neural bases of momentary lapses in attention. Nature Neuroscience, 9(7), 971-978.
81. Wenger, M. J.; Schuster, C. (2007). Statistical and process models for cognitive neuroscience and aging: Psychology Press.
82. Whalen, P. J.; Bush, G.; Shin, L. M.; Rauch, S. L. (2006). The emotional counting Stroop: a task for assessing emotional interference during brain imaging. Nature Protocols, 1(1), 293-296.
83. Whitfield-Gabrieli, S.; Ford, J. M. (2012). Default mode network activity and connectivity in psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 8, 49-76.
84. Yang, H.; Wu, Q.-Z.; Guo, L.-T.; Li, Q.-Q.; Long, X.-Y.; Huang, X.-Q.; et al. (2011). Abnormal spontaneous brain activity in medication-naive ADHD children: a resting state fMRI study. Neuroscience Letters, 502(2), 89-93.
85. Yin, H. H.; Knowlton, B. J. (2006). The role of the basal ganglia in habit formation. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7(6), 464-476.
86. Yu-Feng, Z.; Yong, H.; Chao-Zhe, Z.; Qing-Jiu, C.; Man-Qiu, S.; Meng, L.; et al. (2007). Altered baseline brain activity in children with ADHD revealed by resting-state functional MRI. Brain and Development, 29(2), 83-91.