메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 43-75

Stylized facts about innovation processes in modern biotechnology

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84896227971     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4337/9781845420611.00010     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (13)

References (136)
  • 1
    • 1642440940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Emergence and Growth of Biotechnology: Experiences in Industrialised and Developing Countries
    • Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar
    • Acharya, R. (1999), The Emergence and Growth of Biotechnology: Experiences in Industrialised and Developing Countries, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar.
    • (1999)
    • Acharya, R.1
  • 2
    • 84896211676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The Swedish bio-pharma industry: how and why small- and medium-sized firms use collaboration in relation to innovation'
    • paper presented at workshop The Economics and Business of Bio-Sciences & Bio-Technologies: What can be learnt from the Nordic Countries and the UK?, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, 25-27 September
    • Alm, H. (2002), 'The Swedish bio-pharma industry: how and why small- and medium-sized firms use collaboration in relation to innovation', paper presented at workshop The Economics and Business of Bio-Sciences & Bio-Technologies: What can be learnt from the Nordic Countries and the UK?, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, 25-27 September.
    • (2002)
    • Alm, H.1
  • 3
    • 84934453759 scopus 로고
    • Complementarity and external linkages: the strategies of the large firms in biotechnology
    • Arora, A. and A. Gambardella (1990), 'Complementarity and external linkages: the strategies of the large firms in biotechnology', The Journal of Industrial Economics, XXXVIII(4), 361-79.
    • (1990) The Journal of Industrial Economics , vol.XXXVIII , Issue.4 , pp. 361-379
    • Arora, A.1    Gambardella, A.2
  • 4
    • 0008482329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R&D spillovers and the geography of innovation and production
    • Audretsch,D. and M. Feldman (1996), 'R&D spillovers and the geography of innovation and production', American Economic Review, 86, 630-40.
    • (1996) American Economic Review , vol.86 , pp. 630-640
    • Audretsch, D.1    Feldman, M.2
  • 5
    • 1542708571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Company-scientist locational links: the case of biotechnology
    • Audretsch, D. and P. Stephan (1996), 'Company-scientist locational links: the case of biotechnology', American Economic Review, 86(3) 641-52.
    • (1996) American Economic Review , vol.86 , Issue.3 , pp. 641-652
    • Audretsch, D.1    Stephan, P.2
  • 6
    • 0031496906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National systems of biotechnology innovation: complex interdependence in the global system
    • Bartholomew, S. (1997), 'National systems of biotechnology innovation: complex interdependence in the global system', Journal of International Business Studies, 28(2), 241-66.
    • (1997) Journal of International Business Studies , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 241-266
    • Bartholomew, S.1
  • 7
    • 0001399968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Don't go it alone: alliance network composition and startups' performance in Canadian biotechnology
    • Baum, J.A.C., T. Calabrese and B.S. Silverman (2000), 'Don't go it alone: alliance network composition and startups' performance in Canadian biotechnology', Strategic Management Journal, 21, 267-94.
    • (2000) Strategic Management Journal , vol.21 , pp. 267-294
    • Baum, J.A.C.1    Calabrese, T.2    Silverman, B.S.3
  • 8
    • 84896154064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The support structure of the biomedical clusters in Ohio and Sweden'
    • in B. Carlsson (ed.), Technological Systems in the Bio Industries: An International Study, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers
    • Braunerhjelm, P., D. Cetindamar and D. Johansson (2002), 'The support structure of the biomedical clusters in Ohio and Sweden', in B. Carlsson (ed.), Technological Systems in the Bio Industries: An International Study, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    • (2002)
    • Braunerhjelm, P.1    Cetindamar, D.2    Johansson, D.3
  • 9
    • 0035213873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Knowledge spillovers and local innovation systems: a critical survey
    • Breschi, S. and F. Lissoni (2001), 'Knowledge spillovers and local innovation systems: a critical survey', Industrial and Corporate Change, 10(4), 975-1005.
    • (2001) Industrial and Corporate Change , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 975-1005
    • Breschi, S.1    Lissoni, F.2
  • 10
    • 0003735124 scopus 로고
    • The Uses of Life: A History of Biotechnology
    • Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press
    • Bud, R. (1993), The Uses of Life: A History of Biotechnology, Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1993)
    • Bud, R.1
  • 11
    • 0004113802 scopus 로고
    • 'Science: the endless frontier'
    • a report to the President on postwar scientific research, Washington, DC
    • Bush, V. (1945), 'Science: the endless frontier', a report to the President on postwar scientific research, Washington, DC.
    • (1945)
    • Bush, V.1
  • 12
    • 0004123022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technological Systems and Industrial Dynamics
    • Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers
    • Carlsson B. (ed.) (1997), Technological Systems and Industrial Dynamics, Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    • (1997)
    • Carlsson, B.1
  • 13
    • 0004123024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technological Systems in the Bio Industries: An International Study
    • Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers
    • Carlsson, B. (ed.) (2002), Technological Systems in the Bio Industries: An International Study, Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    • (2002)
    • Carlsson, B.1
  • 14
    • 84923837999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'National institutional frameworks and the hybridization of entrepreneurial business models: the German and UK biotechnology sectors'
    • Industry & Innovation, 8
    • Casper, Steven and H. Kettler (2001), 'National institutional frameworks and the hybridization of entrepreneurial business models: the German and UK biotechnology sectors', Industry & Innovation, 8.
    • (2001)
    • Casper, S.1    Kettler, H.2
  • 15
    • 0037247986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth dynamics in the biomedial/ biotechnology system
    • Cetindamar, D. and J. Laage-Hellman (2003), 'Growth dynamics in the biomedial/ biotechnology system', Small Business Economics, 20, 287-303.
    • (2003) Small Business Economics , vol.20 , pp. 287-303
    • Cetindamar, D.1    Laage-Hellman, J.2
  • 16
    • 0038005668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The diffusion of science-driven drug discovery: organizational change in pharmaceutical research'
    • NBER working paper, no. 7359, September
    • Cockburn, I.M., R. Henderson and S. Stern (1999), 'The diffusion of science-driven drug discovery: organizational change in pharmaceutical research', NBER working paper, no. 7359, September.
    • (1999)
    • Cockburn, I.M.1    Henderson, R.2    Stern, S.3
  • 17
    • 0003726849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Balancing incentives: the tension between basic and applied research
    • NBER working paper, no. 6882
    • Cockburn, I.M., R. Henderson and S. Stern (1999b), 'Balancing incentives: the tension between basic and applied research, NBER working paper, no. 6882.
    • (1999)
    • Cockburn, I.M.1    Henderson, R.2    Stern, S.3
  • 18
    • 0036226842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Links and impacts: the influence of public research on industrial R&D
    • Cohen, W., R. Nelson and J. Walsh (2002), 'Links and impacts: the influence of public research on industrial R&D', Management Science, 48(1), 1-23.
    • (2002) Management Science , vol.48 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-23
    • Cohen, W.1    Nelson, R.2    Walsh, J.3
  • 19
    • 0006496642 scopus 로고
    • Citations in patents to the basic research literature
    • Collins, P. and S.Wyatt (1988), 'Citations in patents to the basic research literature', Research Policy, 17, 65-74.
    • (1988) Research Policy , vol.17 , pp. 65-74
    • Collins, P.1    Wyatt, S.2
  • 20
    • 0003777498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Life science and biotechnology - a strategy for Europe'
    • communication from the commission to the council, the European parliament, the economic and social committee and the committee of the regions, 23 January Commission of the European Communities
    • Commission of the European Communities (2002), 'Life science and biotechnology - a strategy for Europe', communication from the commission to the council, the European parliament, the economic and social committee and the committee of the regions, 23 January.
    • (2002)
  • 21
    • 0035652951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New economy innovation systems: biotechnology in Europe and the USA
    • Cooke, P. (2001), 'New economy innovation systems: biotechnology in Europe and the USA', Industry & Innovation, 8, 267-89
    • (2001) Industry & Innovation , vol.8 , pp. 267-289
    • Cooke, P.1
  • 22
    • 0038736378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signs of Life: The Growth of Biotechnology Centers in the U.S.
    • Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution
    • Cortright, J. and H. Mayer (2002), Signs of Life: The Growth of Biotechnology Centers in the U.S., Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.
    • (2002)
    • Cortright, J.1    Mayer, H.2
  • 23
    • 0004781824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Benchmarking innovation in modern biotechnology'
    • report for the European Commission, DG III - Industry, 1999, Brighton: SPRU, University of Sussex
    • Crowther, S., M. Hopkins, P. Martin, E. Millstone, M. Sharp and P. van Zwanenberg (1999), 'Benchmarking innovation in modern biotechnology', report for the European Commission, DG III - Industry, 1999, Brighton: SPRU, University of Sussex.
    • (1999)
    • Crowther, S.1    Hopkins, M.2    Martin, P.3    Millstone, E.4    Sharp, M.5    van Zwanenberg, P.6
  • 24
    • 0005743674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Economic and Social Dynamics of Biotechnology
    • Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers
    • De la Mothe J. and J. Niosi (eds) (2000), The Economic and Social Dynamics of Biotechnology, Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    • (2000)
    • De la Mothe, J.1    Niosi, J.2
  • 25
    • 0037374498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The price of innovation: new estimates of drug development costs
    • DiMasi, J.A., R.W. Hansen and H.G. Grabowski (2003), 'The price of innovation: new estimates of drug development costs', Journal of Health Economics, 22, 151-85.
    • (2003) Journal of Health Economics , vol.22 , pp. 151-185
    • DiMasi, J.A.1    Hansen, R.W.2    Grabowski, H.G.3
  • 26
    • 0000664032 scopus 로고
    • Sources, procedures and microeconomic effects of innovation
    • Dosi, G. (1988), 'Sources, procedures and microeconomic effects of innovation', Journal of Economic Literature, XXVI(3) 1120-71.
    • (1988) Journal of Economic Literature , vol.XXVI , Issue.3 , pp. 1120-1171
    • Dosi, G.1
  • 27
    • 0346111065 scopus 로고
    • Strategic alignment and organizational options in biotechnology firms
    • Dodgson, M. (1991a), 'Strategic alignment and organizational options in biotechnology firms', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 3(2), 115-26.
    • (1991) Technology Analysis and Strategic Management , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 115-126
    • Dodgson, M.1
  • 28
    • 0003592926 scopus 로고
    • The Management of Technological Learning: Lessons from a Biotechnology Company
    • Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter
    • Dodgson, M. (1991b), The Management of Technological Learning: Lessons from a Biotechnology Company, Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter.
    • (1991)
    • Dodgson, M.1
  • 29
    • 80052257329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Seeking a role for empirical analysis in critical realist explanation' in P. Downward (ed.)
    • Applied Economics and the Critical Realist Critique, London: Routledge
    • Downward, P., J. Finch and J. Ramsay (2003), 'Seeking a role for empirical analysis in critical realist explanation' in P. Downward (ed.), Applied Economics and the Critical Realist Critique, London: Routledge.
    • (2003)
    • Downward, P.1    Finch, J.2    Ramsay, J.3
  • 30
    • 0003429303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systems of Innovation: A Reference Collection
    • Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar
    • Edquist, C. and M. McKelvey (eds) (2000), Systems of Innovation: A Reference Collection, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar.
    • (2000)
    • Edquist, C.1    McKelvey, M.2
  • 31
    • 0346720525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public research and private development: patents and technology transfer in government-sponsored research
    • Eisenberg, R. (1996), 'Public research and private development: patents and technology transfer in government-sponsored research', Virginia Law Review, 1663-1727.
    • (1996) Virginia Law Review , pp. 1663-1727
    • Eisenberg, R.1
  • 32
    • 0013276156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Bargaining over the transfer of proprietary research tools: is this market emerging or failing?'
    • in D. Dreyfuss and H. First (eds), Expanding the Bounds of Intellectual Property: Innovation Policy for the Knowledge Society, Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Eisenberg, R. (2001), 'Bargaining over the transfer of proprietary research tools: is this market emerging or failing?', in D. Dreyfuss and H. First (eds), Expanding the Bounds of Intellectual Property: Innovation Policy for the Knowledge Society, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    • (2001)
    • Eisenberg, R.1
  • 33
    • 31344461676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Handbook of Innovation
    • eds, forthcoming, Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Fagerberg, J., D. Mowery and R. Nelson (eds) (forthcoming), Handbook of Innovation, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    • Fagerberg, J.1    Mowery, D.2    Nelson, R.3
  • 34
    • 0038590873 scopus 로고
    • Knowledge Frontiers: Public Sector Research and Industrial Innovation in Biotechnology
    • Engineering Ceramics and Parallel Computing, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • Faulkner,W. and J. Senker (1995), Knowledge Frontiers: Public Sector Research and Industrial Innovation in Biotechnology, Engineering Ceramics and Parallel Computing, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
    • (1995)
    • Faulkner, W.1    Senker, J.2
  • 35
    • 0004255691 scopus 로고
    • The Geography of Innovation
    • Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers
    • Feldman, M. (1994). The Geography of Innovation, Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    • (1994)
    • Feldman, M.1
  • 36
    • 0013003454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designing Dolly: interactions between economics, technology and science and the evolution of hybrid institutions
    • Fransman, M. (2001), 'Designing Dolly: interactions between economics, technology and science and the evolution of hybrid institutions', Research Policy, 30(2), 263-73.
    • (2001) Research Policy , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 263-273
    • Fransman, M.1
  • 37
    • 33750183553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biotechnology in Comparative Perspective
    • London:Routledge
    • Fuchs,G. (ed.) (2003), Biotechnology in Comparative Perspective, London:Routledge.
    • (2003)
    • Fuchs, G.1
  • 38
    • 0000742314 scopus 로고
    • Competitive advantage from in-house scientific research: the US pharmaceutical industry in the 1980s
    • Gambardella, A. (1992), 'Competitive advantage from in-house scientific research: the US pharmaceutical industry in the 1980s', Research Policy, 21, 391-407.
    • (1992) Research Policy , vol.21 , pp. 391-407
    • Gambardella, A.1
  • 39
    • 0032333164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmaceutical firms and the transition to biotechnology: a study in strategic innovation
    • Galambos L. and J. Sturchio (1998), 'Pharmaceutical firms and the transition to biotechnology: a study in strategic innovation', Business History Review, 72(2), 250-78.
    • (1998) Business History Review , vol.72 , Issue.2 , pp. 250-278
    • Galambos, L.1    Sturchio, J.2
  • 40
    • 84896235318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alliances
    • Networks and Partnerships in the Innovation Process, Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers
    • Gault, F. and J. de la Mothe (eds) (2002), Alliances, Networks and Partnerships in the Innovation Process, Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
    • (2002)
    • Gault, F.1    de la Mothe, J.2
  • 41
    • 84896237252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Economics of Knowledge Production: Funding and the Structure of University Research. Cheltenham
    • UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar
    • Genua, A. (1999), The Economics of Knowledge Production: Funding and the Structure of University Research. Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar.
    • (1999)
    • Genua, A.1
  • 42
    • 0000208126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contrasting role of government in the development of biotechnology industry in the US and Germany
    • Giesecke, S. (2000), 'The contrasting role of government in the development of biotechnology industry in the US and Germany', Research Policy, 29(2), 205-23.
    • (2000) Research Policy , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 205-223
    • Giesecke, S.1
  • 43
    • 0010259325 scopus 로고
    • Innovation and structural change in pharmaceuticals and biotechnology
    • Grabowski H. and J. Vernon (1994), 'Innovation and structural change in pharmaceuticals and biotechnology', Industrial and Corporate Change, 3(3), 435-50.
    • (1994) Industrial and Corporate Change , vol.3 , Issue.3 , pp. 435-450
    • Grabowski, H.1    Vernon, J.2
  • 44
    • 0003628337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contemporary Strategy Analysis: Concepts
    • Techniques and Applications, Malden, MA: Blackwell Business
    • Grant, R. (2002), Contemporary Strategy Analysis: Concepts, Techniques and Applications, Malden, MA: Blackwell Business.
    • (2002)
    • Grant, R.1
  • 45
    • 0141518936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biobanks as Resources for Health
    • Uppsala: Uppsala University
    • Hansson, M.G. and M. Levin (eds) (2003), Biobanks as Resources for Health, Uppsala: Uppsala University.
    • (2003)
    • Hansson, M.G.1    Levin, M.2
  • 46
    • 84896205596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry: The Process of Drug Discovery and Development
    • Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA, Edward Elgar
    • Hara, T. (2003), Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry: The Process of Drug Discovery and Development, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA, Edward Elgar.
    • (2003)
    • Hara, T.1
  • 47
    • 0345702984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the Tomato: Transformations of Nature
    • Society and Economy, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar
    • Harvey, M., S. Quilley and H. Beynon (2003), Exploring the Tomato: Transformations of Nature, Society and Economy, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar.
    • (2003)
    • Harvey, M.1    Quilley, S.2    Beynon, H.3
  • 48
    • 0002177097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Drug industry mergers won't necessarily benefit R&D'
    • Research Technology Management, July/August, 10-11
    • Henderson, R. (2000), 'Drug industry mergers won't necessarily benefit R&D', Research Technology Management, July/August, 10-11.
    • (2000)
    • Henderson, R.1
  • 49
    • 0000084779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pharmaceutical industry and the revolution in molecular biology: interactions among scientific, institutional and organizational change
    • in D. Mowery and R. Nelson (eds), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Henderson, R., L. Orsenigo and G. Pisano (1999), 'The pharmaceutical industry and the revolution in molecular biology: interactions among scientific, institutional and organizational change', in D. Mowery and R. Nelson (eds), Sources of Industrial Leadership: Studies of Seven Industries, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 267-311.
    • (1999) Sources of Industrial Leadership: Studies of Seven Industries , pp. 267-311
    • Henderson, R.1    Orsenigo, L.2    Pisano, G.3
  • 50
    • 0012847538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Akademiskt entreprenörskap: universitet och näringsliv i samverkan (Academic Entrepreneurship: University and Industry in Collaboration)
    • Stockholm: SNS Förlag
    • Henrekson, M. and N. Rosenberg, (2000), Akademiskt entreprenörskap: universitet och näringsliv i samverkan (Academic Entrepreneurship: University and Industry in Collaboration), Stockholm: SNS Förlag.
    • (2000)
    • Henrekson, M.1    Rosenberg, N.2
  • 51
    • 84896157953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'How to systematically study regional restructuration? IT and biotech case studies in Sweden'
    • special issue of European Urban and Regional Studies Journal
    • Holmén, M. and M. McKelvey (2003), 'How to systematically study regional restructuration? IT and biotech case studies in Sweden', special issue of European Urban and Regional Studies Journal.
    • (2003)
    • Holmén, M.1    McKelvey, M.2
  • 52
    • 84896146873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Companion on Neo-Schumpeterian Economics
    • (eds) (forthcoming), Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar
    • Horst, H. and A. Pyka (eds) (forthcoming), Companion on Neo-Schumpeterian Economics, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar.
    • Horst, H.1    Pyka, A.2
  • 53
    • 0003397878 scopus 로고
    • The Molecular Vision of Life: Caltech
    • the Rockefeller Foundation, and the Rise of the New Biology, Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Kay, L. (1993), The Molecular Vision of Life: Caltech, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the Rise of the New Biology, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    • (1993)
    • Kay, L.1
  • 54
    • 0003886889 scopus 로고
    • Biotechnology: The University-Industry Complex
    • New Haven, CT: Yale University Press
    • Kenney, M. (1986), Biotechnology: The University-Industry Complex, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
    • (1986)
    • Kenney, M.1
  • 55
    • 4644344292 scopus 로고
    • 'An overview of innovation'
    • in R. Lanau and N. Rosenberg, The Positive Sum Strategy: Harnessing Technology for Economic Growth, Washinton, DC: National Academy Press
    • Kline, S. and N. Rosenberg (1986), 'An overview of innovation', in R. Lanau and N. Rosenberg, The Positive Sum Strategy: Harnessing Technology for Economic Growth, Washinton, DC: National Academy Press.
    • (1986)
    • Kline, S.1    Rosenberg, N.2
  • 56
    • 0003628318 scopus 로고
    • The Golden Helix: Inside Biotech Ventures
    • Sausalito, CA: University Science Books
    • Kornberg, A. (1995), The Golden Helix: Inside Biotech Ventures, Sausalito, CA: University Science Books.
    • (1995)
    • Kornberg, A.1
  • 57
    • 84896232392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transgenic Animals and Food Production
    • Kungl: Skogs- och Lantbruksakademiens KSLAT
    • KSLAT (1997), Transgenic Animals and Food Production, Kungl: Skogs- och Lantbruksakademiens, 136 (20).
    • (1997) , vol.136 , Issue.20
  • 58
    • 0003945869 scopus 로고
    • The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
    • 2nd edn, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press
    • Kuhn, T. (1970), The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2nd edn, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
    • (1970)
    • Kuhn, T.1
  • 59
    • 14644427644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical genomics companies and biobanks: the use of biosamples in commercial research on the genetics of common diseases
    • in M.G. Hansson and M. Levin (eds), Uppsala: Uppsala University
    • Laage-Hellman, J. (2003), 'Clinical genomics companies and biobanks: the use of biosamples in commercial research on the genetics of common diseases', in M.G. Hansson and M. Levin (eds), Biobanks as Resources for Health, Uppsala: Uppsala University, pp. 51-89.
    • (2003) Biobanks as Resources for Health , pp. 51-89
    • Laage-Hellman, J.1
  • 61
    • 0035610461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the creation and development of biotech SMEs localised?
    • Lemarié, S., V. Mangematin and A. Torré (2001), 'Is the creation and development of biotech SMEs localised?' Small Business Economics, 17, 61-76.
    • (2001) Small Business Economics , vol.17 , pp. 61-76
    • Lemarié, S.1    Mangematin, V.2    Torré, A.3
  • 62
    • 0030523972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social networks, learning, and flexibility: sourcing scientific knowledge in new biotechnology firms
    • Liebeskind, J.P., A.L. Oliver, L. Zucker, and M. Brewer (1996), 'Social networks, learning, and flexibility: sourcing scientific knowledge in new biotechnology firms', Organization Science, 7(4), 428-43.
    • (1996) Organization Science , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 428-443
    • Liebeskind, J.P.1    Oliver, A.L.2    Zucker, L.3    Brewer, M.4
  • 63
    • 0003630789 scopus 로고
    • Politics and Markets: The World's Political-economic Systems
    • New York: Basic Books
    • Lindblom, C. (1977), Politics and Markets: The World's Political-economic Systems, New York: Basic Books.
    • (1977)
    • Lindblom, C.1
  • 64
    • 84896230383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Building competencies in biotechnology firms: the influence of firm age and origin on knowledge networks and business skills
    • paper presented at workshop, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, 25-27 September
    • Luukkonen, T. (2002), 'Building competencies in biotechnology firms: the influence of firm age and origin on knowledge networks and business skills', paper presented at workshop The Economics and Business of Bio-Sciences & Bio-Technologies: What can be Learnt from the Nordic Countries and the UK?, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, 25-27 September.
    • (2002) The Economics and Business of Bio-Sciences & Bio-Technologies: What can be Learnt from the Nordic Countries and the UK?
    • Luukkonen, T.1
  • 65
    • 0003999923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary Innovations: The Business of Biotechnology
    • Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • McKelvey, M. (1996a), Evolutionary Innovations: The Business of Biotechnology, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    • (1996)
    • McKelvey, M.1
  • 66
    • 0039508598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discontinuities in genetic engineering for pharmaceuticals? Firm jumps and lock-in in systems of innovation
    • McKelvey,M. (1996b), 'Discontinuities in genetic engineering for pharmaceuticals? Firm jumps and lock-in in systems of innovation', Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 8(2).
    • (1996) Technology Analysis & Strategic Management , vol.8 , Issue.2
    • McKelvey, M.1
  • 67
    • 84896219727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Redefining transfer in biotechnology and software: multiple creation of knowledge and issues of ownership
    • in A. Inzelt and R. Coenen (eds), Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers
    • McKelvey, M. (1996c), 'Redefining transfer in biotechnology and software: multiple creation of knowledge and issues of ownership', in A. Inzelt and R. Coenen (eds), Knowledge, Technology Transfer and Forecasting, Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 33-47.
    • (1996) Knowledge, Technology Transfer and Forecasting , pp. 33-47
    • McKelvey, M.1
  • 68
    • 85137428673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using evolutionary theory to define systems of innovation
    • in Charles Edquist (ed.), Pinter/Cassell Publishers
    • McKelvey,M. (1997a), 'Using evolutionary theory to define systems of innovation', in Charles Edquist (ed.), Systems of Innovation: Technology, Institutions and Organizations, Pinter/Cassell Publishers, pp. 200-22.
    • (1997) Systems of Innovation: Technology, Institutions and Organizations , pp. 200-222
    • McKelvey, M.1
  • 69
    • 0001971077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coevolution in commercial genetic engineering
    • McKelvey,M. (1997b), 'Coevolution in commercial genetic engineering', Industrial and Corporate Change, 6(3), 503-32.
    • (1997) Industrial and Corporate Change , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 503-532
    • McKelvey, M.1
  • 71
    • 2042495889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'The economics of biotechnology'
    • entry into The International Encyclopedia of Business and Management and entry into The Handbook of Economics, International Thompson Business Press
    • McKelvey, M. (2002), 'The economics of biotechnology', entry into The International Encyclopedia of Business and Management and entry into The Handbook of Economics, International Thompson Business Press.
    • (2002)
    • McKelvey, M.1
  • 72
    • 84896153881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biotechnology industries
    • forthcoming, in H. Horst and A. Pyka (eds), Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar
    • McKelvey,M. (forthcoming), 'Biotechnology industries', in H. Horst and A. Pyka (eds), Companion on Neo-Schumpeterian Economics, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar.
    • Companion on Neo-Schumpeterian Economics
    • McKelvey, M.1
  • 73
    • 84896240544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biotech-Pharmaceuticals analysed as sectoral systems of innovation
    • extended report to the EU-funded ESSY Project, website
    • McKelvey, M. and L. Orsenigo (2002), 'Biotech-Pharmaceuticals analysed as sectoral systems of innovation', extended report to the EU-funded ESSY Project, website www.cespri.it.
    • (2002)
    • McKelvey, M.1    Orsenigo, L.2
  • 74
    • 84867946696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does co-location matter for formal knowledge collaboration in the Swedish biotechnology-pharmaceutical sector?
    • McKelvey, M., H. Alm and M. Riccaboni (2003), 'Does co-location matter for formal knowledge collaboration in the Swedish biotechnology-pharmaceutical sector?' Research Policy, 32, 483-501.
    • (2003) Research Policy , vol.32 , pp. 483-501
    • McKelvey, M.1    Alm, H.2    Riccaboni, M.3
  • 75
    • 34548578606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Economics of Biotechnology: A Reference Collection
    • (eds) (forthcoming), Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar
    • McKelvey,M. and L. Orsenigo (eds) (forthcoming), The Economics of Biotechnology: A Reference Collection, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar.
    • McKelvey, M.1    Orsenigo, L.2
  • 76
    • 31844448850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmaceuticals as a sectoral system of innovation
    • forthcoming, in F. Malerba (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • McKelvey, M, L. Orsenigo and F. Pammoli (forthcoming), 'Pharmaceuticals as a sectoral system of innovation', in F. Malerba (ed.) (2004), Sectoral Systems of Innovation, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2004) Sectoral Systems of Innovation
    • McKelvey, M.1    Orsenigo, L.2    Pammoli, F.3
  • 77
    • 0036691155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innovation and market structure in the dynamics of the pharmaceutical industry and biotechnology: towards a historyfriendly model
    • Malerba, F. and L. Orsenigo (2002), 'Innovation and market structure in the dynamics of the pharmaceutical industry and biotechnology: towards a historyfriendly model', Industrial and Corporate Change, 11(4), 667-703.
    • (2002) Industrial and Corporate Change , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 667-703
    • Malerba, F.1    Orsenigo, L.2
  • 78
    • 84896201034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Coping with a turbulent environment through technological learning: the case of combinatorial chemistry'
    • paper presented at the annual EAEME conference, April, arranged through the International Schumpeter Society Augsburg, Germany
    • Malo, S. (2003), 'Coping with a turbulent environment through technological learning: the case of combinatorial chemistry', paper presented at the annual EAEME conference, April, arranged through the International Schumpeter Society Augsburg, Germany.
    • (2003)
    • Malo, S.1
  • 80
    • 0346657500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The growth of patenting and licensing by U.S. Universities: an assessment of the effect of the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980
    • Mowery, D., R. Nelson, B. Sampat and A. Ziedonis (2001), 'The growth of patenting and licensing by U.S. Universities: an assessment of the effect of the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980', Research Policy, 30(1), 99-119.
    • (2001) Research Policy , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 99-119
    • Mowery, D.1    Nelson, R.2    Sampat, B.3    Ziedonis, A.4
  • 81
    • 84896190936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Universities in the national innovation system
    • forthcoming, in J. Fagerberg,D.Mowery and R. Nelson (eds), Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Mowery, D. and B. Sampat (forthcoming), 'Universities in the national innovation system' in J. Fagerberg,D.Mowery and R. Nelson (eds), Handbook of Innovation, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    • Handbook of Innovation
    • Mowery, D.1    Sampat, B.2
  • 82
    • 16244369698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The international dimension of innovation
    • forthcoming, in J. Fagerberg, D. Mowery and R. Nelson (eds), Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Narula, R. and A. Zanfei (forthcoming), 'The international dimension of innovation', in J. Fagerberg, D. Mowery and R. Nelson (eds), Handbook of Innovation, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    • Handbook of Innovation
    • Narula, R.1    Zanfei, A.2
  • 83
    • 84896220456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing composition of federal funding for research and development and R&D plant since 1990
    • National Science Foundation (NSF), InfoBrief NSF 02-315 April 2002, website
    • National Science Foundation (NSF) (2002), 'Changing composition of federal funding for research and development and R&D plant since 1990', InfoBrief NSF 02-315 April 2002, website www.nsf.gov/sbe/srs/infbrief/nsf02315/start.htm
    • (2002)
  • 84
    • 19544362868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Summary of the FY 2004 President's budget
    • National Institutes of Health (NIH), 3 February
    • National Institutes of Health (NIH) (2003), 'Summary of the FY 2004 President's budget', 3 February.
    • (2003)
  • 85
    • 0003831870 scopus 로고
    • An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change
    • Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press
    • Nelson, R. and S. Winter (1982), An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change, Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
    • (1982)
    • Nelson, R.1    Winter, S.2
  • 86
    • 84896200308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Intangible assets and market value: evidence from biotechnology firms'
    • paper presented at the Chalmers workshop Innovation and Entrepreneurship in IT/Telecommunication and in Biotech/ Pharmaceuticals,May
    • Nesta, L. and P. Saviotti. (2003), 'Intangible assets and market value: evidence from biotechnology firms', paper presented at the Chalmers workshop Innovation and Entrepreneurship in IT/Telecommunication and in Biotech/ Pharmaceuticals,May.
    • (2003)
    • Nesta, L.1    Saviotti, P..2
  • 87
    • 0000034899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economies of scale in experimentation: knowledge and technology in pharmaceutical R&D
    • Nightingale, P. (2000), 'Economies of scale in experimentation: knowledge and technology in pharmaceutical R&D', Industrial and Corporate Change, 9(2), 315-59.
    • (2000) Industrial and Corporate Change , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 315-359
    • Nightingale, P.1
  • 88
    • 84896228310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Interaction between researchers
    • firms managers & venture capitalists: the essence of biotechnology business', PhD thesis, Stockholm, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
    • Nilsson, A.S. (2001), 'Interaction between researchers, firms managers & venture capitalists: the essence of biotechnology business', PhD thesis, Stockholm, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
    • (2001)
    • Nilsson, A.S.1
  • 89
    • 84867966927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alliances are not enough: explaining rapid growth in biotechnology
    • Niosi, J. (2003), 'Alliances are not enough: explaining rapid growth in biotechnology', Research Policy, 23(5), 737-50.
    • (2003) Research Policy , vol.23 , Issue.5 , pp. 737-750
    • Niosi, J.1
  • 90
    • 0003653244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inter-Firm Alliances: Analysis and Design
    • London: Routledge
    • Nooteboom, B. (1999), Inter-Firm Alliances: Analysis and Design, London: Routledge.
    • (1999)
    • Nooteboom, B.1
  • 91
    • 0004104876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Systems of Innovation
    • OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development), Paris: OECD
    • OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) (1997), National Systems of Innovation, Paris: OECD.
    • (1997)
  • 92
    • 0003437118 scopus 로고
    • Biotechnology: Economic and Wider Impacts
    • OECD, Paris: OECD
    • OECD (1989), Biotechnology: Economic and Wider Impacts, Paris: OECD.
    • (1989)
  • 93
    • 84883904183 scopus 로고
    • Commercial Biotechnology: An International Analysis
    • OTA (Office of Technology Assessment), OTA-BA-218, Washington, DC: US Congress
    • OTA (Office of Technology Assessment) (1984), Commercial Biotechnology: An International Analysis, OTA-BA-218, Washington, DC: US Congress.
    • (1984)
  • 94
    • 84896165879 scopus 로고
    • Biotechnology in a Global Economy
    • OTA, OTA-H-494, Washington, DC: US Congress
    • OTA (1991), Biotechnology in a Global Economy, OTA-H-494, Washington, DC: US Congress.
    • (1991)
  • 95
    • 84896232234 scopus 로고
    • Pharmaceutical R&D: Costs
    • OTA, Risks and Rewards, OTA-H-522, Washington DC: US Congress
    • OTA (1993), Pharmaceutical R&D: Costs, Risks and Rewards, OTA-H-522, Washington DC: US Congress.
    • (1993)
  • 96
    • 0004052920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Coming Biotech Age: The Business of Bio-Materials
    • New York: McGraw-Hill
    • Oliver, R. (1999), The Coming Biotech Age: The Business of Bio-Materials, New York: McGraw-Hill.
    • (1999)
    • Oliver, R.1
  • 97
    • 0003963230 scopus 로고
    • The Emergence of Biotechnology: Institutions and Markets in the Industrial Innovation
    • London: Pinter Publishers
    • Orsenigo, L. (1989), The Emergence of Biotechnology: Institutions and Markets in the Industrial Innovation, London: Pinter Publishers.
    • (1989)
    • Orsenigo, L.1
  • 98
    • 0346456227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technological change and network dynamics: Lessons from the pharmaceutical industry
    • Orsenigo, L., F. Pammolli and M. Riccaboni (2001), 'Technological change and network dynamics: Lessons from the pharmaceutical industry', Research Policy, 30, 485-508.
    • (2001) Research Policy , vol.30 , pp. 485-508
    • Orsenigo, L.1    Pammolli, F.2    Riccaboni, M.3
  • 100
    • 0036226843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'A comparison of US and European University-Industry relations in the life sciences'
    • Management Science
    • Owen-Smith, J., M. Riccaboni, F. Pammolli and W.W. Powell. (2002), 'A comparison of US and European University-Industry relations in the life sciences', Management Science.
    • (2002)
    • Owen-Smith, J.1    Riccaboni, M.2    Pammolli, F.3    Powell, W.W..4
  • 101
    • 84896251695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Swedish human embryonic stem cell research: issues in regulation and commercialization'
    • paper presented at workshop The Economics and Business of Bio-Sciences & Bio-Technologies: What can be learnt from the Nordic Countries and the UK?, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, 25-27 September
    • Persson, A. and S. Welin (2002), 'Swedish human embryonic stem cell research: issues in regulation and commercialization', paper presented at workshop The Economics and Business of Bio-Sciences & Bio-Technologies: What can be learnt from the Nordic Countries and the UK?, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, 25-27 September.
    • (2002)
    • Persson, A.1    Welin, S.2
  • 102
    • 44949270641 scopus 로고
    • The governance of innovation: vertical integration and collaborative arrangements in the biotechnology industry
    • Pisano, G. (1991), 'The governance of innovation: vertical integration and collaborative arrangements in the biotechnology industry', Research Policy, 20, 237-49.
    • (1991) Research Policy , vol.20 , pp. 237-249
    • Pisano, G.1
  • 103
    • 0003608541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Development Factory: Unlocking the Potential of Process Innovation
    • Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press
    • Pisano, G. (1997), The Development Factory: Unlocking the Potential of Process Innovation, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
    • (1997)
    • Pisano, G.1
  • 104
    • 0002454342 scopus 로고
    • 'Joint ventures and collaboration in the biotechnology industry'
    • in D.C. Mowery (ed.), International Collaboration Ventures in US Manufacturing, Cambridge: Ballinger
    • Pisano,G.P.,W. Shan and D.J. Teece (1988), 'Joint ventures and collaboration in the biotechnology industry', in D.C. Mowery (ed.), International Collaboration Ventures in US Manufacturing, Cambridge: Ballinger.
    • (1988)
    • Pisano, G.P.1    Shan, W.2    Teece, D.J.3
  • 105
    • 0032385358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning from collaboration: knowledge and networks in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry
    • Powell,W.W. (1998), 'Learning from collaboration: knowledge and networks in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry', California Management Review, 40(3), 228-40.
    • (1998) California Management Review , vol.40 , Issue.3 , pp. 228-240
    • Powell, W.W.1
  • 106
    • 0000489607 scopus 로고
    • 'Competitive cooperation in biotechnology: learning through networks'
    • in N. Nohria and R. Eccles (eds), Networks and Organizations, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, pp. 366-94
    • Powell, W.W. and P. Brantley (1992), 'Competitive cooperation in biotechnology: learning through networks', in N. Nohria and R. Eccles (eds), Networks and Organizations, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, pp. 366-94.
    • (1992)
    • Powell, W.W.1    Brantley, P.2
  • 107
    • 0030306449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: networks of learning in biotechnology
    • Powell,W.W., K.W. Koput and L. Smith-Doerr (1996), 'Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: networks of learning in biotechnology', Administrative Science Quarterly, 41(1), 116-45.
    • (1996) Administrative Science Quarterly , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 116-145
    • Powell, W.W.1    Koput, K.W.2    Smith-Doerr, L.3
  • 108
    • 0032385489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Universities and the market for intellectual property in the life sciences
    • Powell, W.W. and J. Owen-Smith (1998), 'Universities and the market for intellectual property in the life sciences', Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 17(2), 253-77.
    • (1998) Journal of Policy Analysis and Management , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 253-277
    • Powell, W.W.1    Owen-Smith, J.2
  • 109
    • 0031498984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of industrial clustering in biotechnology
    • Prevezer, M. (1997), 'The dynamics of industrial clustering in biotechnology', Small Business Economics, 9, 255-71.
    • (1997) Small Business Economics , vol.9 , pp. 255-271
    • Prevezer, M.1
  • 110
    • 0004166713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making PCR: A Story of Biotechnology
    • Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press
    • Rabinow, P. (1996), Making PCR: A Story of Biotechnology, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
    • (1996)
    • Rabinow, P.1
  • 111
    • 84896191881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioethically speaking: biotech companies navigate murky waters in the 21st century
    • April
    • Red Herring (2000), 'Bioethically speaking: biotech companies navigate murky waters in the 21st century', April, pp. 294-95.
    • (2000) , pp. 294-295
    • Herring, R.1
  • 112
    • 0003786723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'New technology-based firms and industrial dynamics - evidence from the technological system of biomaterials in Sweden
    • Ohio and Massachusetts', doctoral thesis, Department of Industrial Dynamics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
    • Rickne,A. (2000), 'New technology-based firms and industrial dynamics - evidence from the technological system of biomaterials in Sweden, Ohio and Massachusetts', doctoral thesis, Department of Industrial Dynamics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
    • (2000)
    • Rickne, A.1
  • 113
    • 0004304127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Biotech Century: How Genetic Commerce Will Change the World
    • London: Phoenix
    • Rifkin, J. (1998), The Biotech Century: How Genetic Commerce Will Change the World, London: Phoenix.
    • (1998)
    • Rifkin, J.1
  • 114
  • 115
    • 33645420577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public law aspects on the use of biobank samples: privacy versus the interests of research
    • in M.G. Hansson and M. Levin (eds), Uppsala: Uppsala University
    • Rynning, E. (2003), 'Public law aspects on the use of biobank samples: privacy versus the interests of research', in M.G. Hansson and M. Levin (eds), Biobanks as Resources for Health, Uppsala: Uppsala University, pp. 91-128.
    • (2003) Biobanks as Resources for Health , pp. 91-128
    • Rynning, E.1
  • 116
    • 84896182141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Industrial structure and the dynamics of knowledge generation in biotechnology'
    • in J. Senker (ed.), Biotechnology and Competitive Advantage, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar
    • Saviotti, P. (1999), 'Industrial structure and the dynamics of knowledge generation in biotechnology', in J. Senker (ed.), Biotechnology and Competitive Advantage, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar.
    • (1999)
    • Saviotti, P.1
  • 117
    • 84935413231 scopus 로고
    • The European Experience: A Historical Critique of Development Theory
    • Dover, UK: Berg Publishers
    • Senghaas, D. (1985), The European Experience: A Historical Critique of Development Theory, Dover, UK: Berg Publishers.
    • (1985)
    • Senghaas, D.1
  • 118
    • 0003504462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biotechnology and Competitive Advantage: Europe's Firms and the US Challenge
    • Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar
    • Senker, J. (ed.) (1999), Biotechnology and Competitive Advantage: Europe's Firms and the US Challenge, Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar.
    • (1999)
    • Senker, J.1
  • 119
    • 0030954632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organizational learning in cooperative alliances: some case studies in biotechnology
    • Senker, J. and M. Sharp (1997), 'Organizational learning in cooperative alliances: some case studies in biotechnology', Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 9(1), 35-51.
    • (1997) Technology Analysis & Strategic Management , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 35-51
    • Senker, J.1    Sharp, M.2
  • 120
    • 0003204840 scopus 로고
    • 'Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology: perspectives for the European industry'
    • in C. Freeman, M. Sharp and W. Walker (eds), Technology and the Future of Europe: Global Competition and the Environment in the 1990s, London: Pinter Publishers
    • Sharp, M. (1991), 'Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology: perspectives for the European industry', in C. Freeman, M. Sharp and W. Walker (eds), Technology and the Future of Europe: Global Competition and the Environment in the 1990s, London: Pinter Publishers.
    • (1991)
    • Sharp, M.1
  • 121
    • 84982673234 scopus 로고
    • The role of the interaction between the user and the manufacturer in medical equipment innovation
    • Shaw, B. (1985), 'The role of the interaction between the user and the manufacturer in medical equipment innovation', R&D Management, 15(4), 283-92.
    • (1985) R&D Management , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 283-292
    • Shaw, B.1
  • 122
    • 0000778170 scopus 로고
    • Developing technological innovations within networks
    • Shaw, B. (1990), 'Developing technological innovations within networks', Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 3, 111-28.
    • (1990) Entrepreneurship & Regional Development , vol.3 , pp. 111-128
    • Shaw, B.1
  • 123
    • 0035343976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Syndication networks and the spatial distribution of venture capital investments'
    • American Journal of Sociology
    • Sorensen, O. and T. Stuart (2001), 'Syndication networks and the spatial distribution of venture capital investments', American Journal of Sociology.
    • (2001)
    • Sorensen, O.1    Stuart, T.2
  • 124
    • 0012164392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cognitive dynamics of biotechnology and the evolution of its technological systems
    • in Bo Carlsson (ed.), Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers
    • Stankiewicz, Rikard (2002), 'The cognitive dynamics of biotechnology and the evolution of its technological systems', in Bo Carlsson (ed.), Technological Systems in the Bio Industries, Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 35-52.
    • (2002) Technological Systems in the Bio Industries , pp. 35-52
    • Stankiewicz, R.1
  • 125
    • 0003473064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Dynamics of Industrial Clustering: International Companies in Computing and Biotechnology
    • Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Swann, P., M. Prevezer and D. Stout (eds) (1999), The Dynamics of Industrial Clustering: International Companies in Computing and Biotechnology, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    • (1999)
    • Swann, P.1    Prevezer, M.2    Stout, D.3
  • 126
    • 0030525194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The optimal organization of research: evidence from eight case studies of pharmaceutical firms
    • Tapon, F. and C.B. Cadsby (1996), 'The optimal organization of research: evidence from eight case studies of pharmaceutical firms', Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 31, 381-99.
    • (1996) Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization , vol.31 , pp. 381-399
    • Tapon, F.1    Cadsby, C.B.2
  • 127
    • 79959997522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing Innovation: Integrating Technological
    • Market and Organizational Change, Chichester: Wiley
    • Tidd, J., J. Bessant and K. Pavitt (1997), Managing Innovation: Integrating Technological, Market and Organizational Change, Chichester: Wiley.
    • (1997)
    • Tidd, J.1    Bessant, J.2    Pavitt, K.3
  • 128
    • 84896250545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Introduction: on the pervasiveness of biotechnology'
    • STI Review, 19, special issue on biotechnology
    • Wald, S. (1996), 'Introduction: on the pervasiveness of biotechnology', STI Review, 19, special issue on biotechnology.
    • (1996)
    • Wald, S.1
  • 129
    • 0000025469 scopus 로고
    • Small firm formation in biotechnology: a comparison of France, Britain and Canada
    • Walsh, V., J. Niosi and P. Mustar (1995), 'Small firm formation in biotechnology: a comparison of France, Britain and Canada', Technovation, 15, 303-27.
    • (1995) Technovation , vol.15 , pp. 303-327
    • Walsh, V.1    Niosi, J.2    Mustar, P.3
  • 130
    • 84896199338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combinatory resources and weak ties: the development of an investment network around the Stockholm-Uppsala biomedical sector
    • paper presented at workshop, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, 25-27 September
    • Wedin, T. (2002), 'Combinatory resources and weak ties: the development of an investment network around the Stockholm-Uppsala biomedical sector', paper presented at workshop The Economics and Business of Bio-Sciences & Bio-Technologies: What can be learnt from the Nordic Countries and the UK?, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, 25-27 September.
    • (2002) The Economics and Business of Bio-Sciences & Bio-Technologies: What can be learnt from the Nordic Countries and the UK?
    • Wedin, T.1
  • 131
    • 84933477091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Social Management of Genetic Engineering
    • Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Company
    • Wheale, P., R. von Schomberg and P. Glasner (eds) (1998), The Social Management of Genetic Engineering, Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Company.
    • (1998)
    • Wheale, P.1    von Schomberg, R.2    Glasner, P.3
  • 132
    • 0028551832 scopus 로고
    • 'Biotechnology: the emerging battlefield for US and Japanese pharmaceutical companies'
    • Technology Analysis & Strategic Management
    • Wiendt, A. and N. Amin (1994), 'Biotechnology: the emerging battlefield for US and Japanese pharmaceutical companies', Technology Analysis & Strategic Management.
    • (1994)
    • Wiendt, A.1    Amin, N.2
  • 133
    • 84982706288 scopus 로고
    • A shift to external alliances for product development in the pharmaceutical industry
    • Whittaker, E. and J. Bower (1994), 'A shift to external alliances for product development in the pharmaceutical industry', R&D Management, 24(3).
    • (1994) R&D Management , vol.24 , Issue.3
    • Whittaker, E.1    Bower, J.2
  • 134
    • 0347963890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intellectual human capital and the birth of the US Biotechnology Enterprise
    • Zucker, L., M. Darby and B. Brewer (1999), 'Intellectual human capital and the birth of the US Biotechnology Enterprise', American Economic Review, 88(1), 290-306.
    • (1999) American Economic Review , vol.88 , Issue.1 , pp. 290-306
    • Zucker, L.1    Darby, M.2    Brewer, B.3
  • 135
    • 0036231843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commercializing knowledge: university science, knowledge capture, and firm performance in biotechnology
    • Zucker, L., M. Darby and J. Armstrong (2002), 'Commercializing knowledge: university science, knowledge capture, and firm performance in biotechnology', Management Science, 48(1), 138-53.
    • (2002) Management Science , vol.48 , Issue.1 , pp. 138-153
    • Zucker, L.1    Darby, M.2    Armstrong, J.3
  • 136
    • 0035640482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clustering biotech: a recipe for success? Spatial patterns of growth of biotechnology in Munich, Rhineland and Hamburg
    • Zeller, C. (2001), 'Clustering biotech: a recipe for success? Spatial patterns of growth of biotechnology in Munich, Rhineland and Hamburg, Small Business Economics, (17), 123-41.
    • (2001) Small Business Economics , Issue.17 , pp. 123-141
    • Zeller, C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.