메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 7, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 428-443

Social Networks, Learning, and Flexibility: Sourcing Scientific Knowledge in New Biotechnology Firms

Author keywords

Biotechnology; Organizational Flexibility; Organizational Learning; Social Networks

Indexed keywords


EID: 0030523972     PISSN: 10477039     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1287/orsc.7.4.428     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (760)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 34250860828 scopus 로고
    • When Knowledge Is the Critical Resource, Knowledge Management Is the Critical Task
    • Adler, P. (1989), "When Knowledge Is the Critical Resource, Knowledge Management Is the Critical Task," IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 36, 87-94.
    • (1989) IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management , vol.36 , pp. 87-94
    • Adler, P.1
  • 2
    • 84934453759 scopus 로고
    • Complementary and External Linkages: The Strategies of Large Firms in Biotechnology
    • Arora, A. and A. Gambardella (1990), "Complementary and External Linkages: The Strategies of Large Firms in Biotechnology," Journal of Industrial Economics, 38, 361-379.
    • (1990) Journal of Industrial Economics , vol.38 , pp. 361-379
    • Arora, A.1    Gambardella, A.2
  • 3
    • 0000584479 scopus 로고
    • Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention
    • National Bureau of Economic Research, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
    • Arrow, K. (1962), "Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention," in The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity, National Bureau of Economic Research, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
    • (1962) The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity
    • Arrow, K.1
  • 5
    • 0002693598 scopus 로고
    • Strategic Alliances in Commercial Biotechnology
    • N. Nohria and R. Eccles (Eds.), Harvard University Press, Boston, MA
    • Barley, S., J. Freeman, and R. Hybels (1992), "Strategic Alliances in Commercial Biotechnology," in Networks and Organizations, N. Nohria and R. Eccles (Eds.), Harvard University Press, Boston, MA.
    • (1992) Networks and Organizations
    • Barley, S.1    Freeman, J.2    Hybels, R.3
  • 8
    • 0001795942 scopus 로고
    • Markets Versus Hierarchies: From Ideal Types to Plural Forms
    • W. R. Scott (Ed.)
    • Bradach, J. and R. Eccles (1989), "Markets Versus Hierarchies: From Ideal Types to Plural Forms," in Annual Review of Sociology, W. R. Scott (Ed.), 15, 97-118.
    • (1989) Annual Review of Sociology , vol.15 , pp. 97-118
    • Bradach, J.1    Eccles, R.2
  • 9
    • 0020418251 scopus 로고
    • The Emilian Model: Productive Decentralization and Social Integration
    • Brusco, S. (1982), "The Emilian Model: Productive Decentralization and Social Integration," Cambridge Journal of Economics, 6, 167-184.
    • (1982) Cambridge Journal of Economics , vol.6 , pp. 167-184
    • Brusco, S.1
  • 10
    • 0347875056 scopus 로고
    • Cambiamento Technologico, 'Milieu' Locale e Rete di Imprese: Verso Una Teoria Dinamica dello Spazio Economico
    • Camagni, R. (1989), "Cambiamento Technologico, 'Milieu' Locale e Rete di Imprese: Verso Una Teoria Dinamica dello Spazio Economico," Economia e Politica Industriale, 64, 209-236.
    • (1989) Economia e Politica Industriale , vol.64 , pp. 209-236
    • Camagni, R.1
  • 11
    • 84979188687 scopus 로고
    • The Nature of the Firm
    • Coase, R. (1937), "The Nature of the Firm," Economica, 4, 386-405.
    • (1937) Economica , vol.4 , pp. 386-405
    • Coase, R.1
  • 12
    • 84936166194 scopus 로고
    • Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation
    • Cohen, W. and D. Levinthal (1990), "Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation," Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, 128-152.
    • (1990) Administrative Science Quarterly , vol.35 , pp. 128-152
    • Cohen, W.1    Levinthal, D.2
  • 15
    • 0002986372 scopus 로고
    • Where are the Theories for the 'New' Organizational Forms? An Editorial Essay
    • Daft, R. and A. Lewin (1993), "Where are the Theories for the 'New' Organizational Forms? An Editorial Essay," Organization Science, 4, i-vi.
    • (1993) Organization Science , vol.4
    • Daft, R.1    Lewin, A.2
  • 17
    • 0005253527 scopus 로고
    • Reputation and Agency in the Historical Emergence of the Institutions of Open Science
    • Paper presented Centre de Research en Epistemologie Applique, Ecole Polytechnique, Paris (this paper is available from the first author on request)
    • David, P. (1991), "Reputation and Agency in the Historical Emergence of the Institutions of Open Science," Paper presented to the Conference on the Economics of Conventions, Centre de Research en Epistemologie Applique, Ecole Polytechnique, Paris (this paper is available from the first author on request).
    • (1991) Conference on the Economics of Conventions
    • David, P.1
  • 18
    • 44949286176 scopus 로고
    • Networks of Innovators
    • DeBresson, C. and F. Amesse (1991), "Networks of Innovators," Research Policy, 20, 363-379.
    • (1991) Research Policy , vol.20 , pp. 363-379
    • DeBresson, C.1    Amesse, F.2
  • 19
    • 0001688603 scopus 로고
    • The Managing Wisdom of High Tech Superstars
    • Deutschman, A. (1994), "The Managing Wisdom of High Tech Superstars," Fortune, October 17, 197-206.
    • (1994) Fortune , vol.OCTOBER 17 , pp. 197-206
    • Deutschman, A.1
  • 20
    • 33749885467 scopus 로고
    • Goodwill and the Spirit of Market Capitalism
    • Dore, R. (1983), "Goodwill and the Spirit of Market Capitalism," British Journal of Sociology, 34, 459-482.
    • (1983) British Journal of Sociology , vol.34 , pp. 459-482
    • Dore, R.1
  • 22
    • 0002666119 scopus 로고
    • Social Norms and Economic Theory
    • Elster, J. (1989), "Social Norms and Economic Theory," Journal of Economic Perspectives, 3, 4, 99-117.
    • (1989) Journal of Economic Perspectives , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 99-117
    • Elster, J.1
  • 24
    • 85019531208 scopus 로고
    • The Bazaar Economy: Information and Search in Peasant Marketing
    • Geertz, C. (1978), "The Bazaar Economy: Information and Search in Peasant Marketing," American Economic Review, 68, 2, 28-32.
    • (1978) American Economic Review , vol.68 , Issue.2 , pp. 28-32
    • Geertz, C.1
  • 26
    • 0001152568 scopus 로고
    • The University, Industry, and Cooperative Research
    • December 24
    • Giamatti, B. (1982), "The University, Industry, and Cooperative Research," Science, 218 (December 24), 1278-1289.
    • (1982) Science , vol.218 , pp. 1278-1289
    • Giamatti, B.1
  • 27
    • 84936824352 scopus 로고
    • Economic Action and Social Structure: A Theory of Embeddedness
    • Granovetter, M. (1985), "Economic Action and Social Structure: A Theory of Embeddedness," American Journal of Sociology, 91, 481-510.
    • (1985) American Journal of Sociology , vol.91 , pp. 481-510
    • Granovetter, M.1
  • 28
    • 0030505108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospering in Dynamically-competitive Environments: Organizational Capability as Knowledge Integration
    • Grant, R. M. (1996), "Prospering in Dynamically-competitive Environments: Organizational Capability as Knowledge Integration," Organization Science, 7, 4, 375-387.
    • (1996) Organization Science , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 375-387
    • Grant, R.M.1
  • 29
    • 84936209463 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of R&D Competition
    • Grossman, G. and C. Shapiro (1985), "Dynamics of R&D Competition," Economic Journal, 97, 372-387.
    • (1985) Economic Journal , vol.97 , pp. 372-387
    • Grossman, G.1    Shapiro, C.2
  • 30
    • 84989085903 scopus 로고
    • Measuring Core Competence? Evidence from the Pharmaceutical Industry
    • Henderson, R. and I. Cockburn (1994), "Measuring Core Competence? Evidence from the Pharmaceutical Industry," Strategic Management Journal, 15, 63-84.
    • (1994) Strategic Management Journal , vol.15 , pp. 63-84
    • Henderson, R.1    Cockburn, I.2
  • 31
    • 84972714369 scopus 로고
    • Basic Research in the East and West: A Comparison of the Scientific Performance of High Energy Physics Accelerators
    • Irvine, J. and B. Martin (1985), "Basic Research in the East and West: A Comparison of the Scientific Performance of High Energy Physics Accelerators," Social Studies of Science, 15, 293-341.
    • (1985) Social Studies of Science , vol.15 , pp. 293-341
    • Irvine, J.1    Martin, B.2
  • 32
    • 2242448677 scopus 로고
    • The Social Sponsorship of Innovation
    • Kennedy, D. (1982), "The Social Sponsorship of Innovation," Technology in Society, 4, 4, 253-266.
    • (1982) Technology in Society , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 253-266
    • Kennedy, D.1
  • 34
    • 0001457802 scopus 로고
    • The Role of Market Forces in Assuring Contractual Performance
    • Klein, B. and K. Leffler (1982), "The Role of Market Forces in Assuring Contractual Performance," Journal of Political Economy, 89, 615-641.
    • (1982) Journal of Political Economy , vol.89 , pp. 615-641
    • Klein, B.1    Leffler, K.2
  • 35
    • 0002790409 scopus 로고
    • The Make or Cooperate Decision in the Context of an Industry Network
    • N. Nohria and R. Eccles (Eds.), Harvard University Press, Boston, MA
    • Kogut, B., W. Shan, and G. Walker (1992), "The Make or Cooperate Decision in the Context of an Industry Network," in Networks and Organizations, N. Nohria and R. Eccles (Eds.), Harvard University Press, Boston, MA.
    • (1992) Networks and Organizations
    • Kogut, B.1    Shan, W.2    Walker, G.3
  • 36
    • 21144466046 scopus 로고
    • Informal Collaboration in R&D. the Formation of Networks Across Organizations
    • Kreiner, K. and M. Schultz (1993), "Informal Collaboration in R&D. The Formation of Networks Across Organizations," Organization Studies, 14, 2, 189-209.
    • (1993) Organization Studies , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 189-209
    • Kreiner, K.1    Schultz, M.2
  • 37
    • 0002503923 scopus 로고
    • Corporate Culture and Economic Theory
    • J. Alt and K. Shepsle (Eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England
    • Kreps, D. (1990), "Corporate Culture and Economic Theory," in Perspectives on Positive Political Economy, J. Alt and K. Shepsle (Eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.
    • (1990) Perspectives on Positive Political Economy
    • Kreps, D.1
  • 39
    • 0001342985 scopus 로고
    • Dropout Behavior in R&D Races with Learning
    • Lippman, S. and K. McCardle (1987), "Dropout Behavior in R&D Races with Learning," Rand Journal of Economics, 18, 287-295.
    • (1987) Rand Journal of Economics , vol.18 , pp. 287-295
    • Lippman, S.1    McCardle, K.2
  • 40
    • 0346694712 scopus 로고
    • Conferences and Courses on Biotechnology: Describing Scientific Communication by Exploratory Methods
    • Martens, B. and T. Saretzki (1993), "Conferences and Courses on Biotechnology: Describing Scientific Communication by Exploratory Methods," Scientometrics, 27, 237-260.
    • (1993) Scientometrics , vol.27 , pp. 237-260
    • Martens, B.1    Saretzki, T.2
  • 42
    • 0004241716 scopus 로고
    • W. W. Norton, New York
    • Mauss, M. (1950), The Gift, W. W. Norton, New York.
    • (1950) The Gift
    • Mauss, M.1
  • 43
    • 0003655519 scopus 로고
    • University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL
    • Merton, R. (1973), The Sociology of Science, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
    • (1973) The Sociology of Science
    • Merton, R.1
  • 46
    • 0000456854 scopus 로고
    • Markets, Bureaucracies and Clans
    • Ouchi, W. G. (1980), "Markets, Bureaucracies and Clans," Administrative Science Quarterly, 28, 129-141.
    • (1980) Administrative Science Quarterly , vol.28 , pp. 129-141
    • Ouchi, W.G.1
  • 47
    • 84929720137 scopus 로고
    • The R&D Boundaries of the Firm: An Empirical Analysis
    • Pisano, G. (1990), "The R&D Boundaries of the Firm: An Empirical Analysis," Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, 153-176.
    • (1990) Administrative Science Quarterly , vol.35 , pp. 153-176
    • Pisano, G.1
  • 49
    • 0000820455 scopus 로고
    • Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organization
    • Powell, W. (1990), "Neither Market nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organization," Research in Organizational Behavior, 12, 295-336.
    • (1990) Research in Organizational Behavior , vol.12 , pp. 295-336
    • Powell, W.1
  • 50
    • 0000489607 scopus 로고
    • Competitive Cooperation in Biotechnology: Learning Through Networks?
    • N. Nohria and R. Eccles (Eds.), Harvard University Press, Boston, MA
    • _ and P. Brantley (1992), "Competitive Cooperation in Biotechnology: Learning Through Networks?" in Networks and Organizations, N. Nohria and R. Eccles (Eds.), Harvard University Press, Boston, MA.
    • (1992) Networks and Organizations
    • Brantley, P.1
  • 51
    • 0002360624 scopus 로고
    • The Firm as a Nexus of Internal and External Treaties
    • M. Aoki, B. Gustafsson and O. Williamson (Eds.), Sage Publications, Los Angeles, CA
    • Reve, T. (1990), "The Firm as a Nexus of Internal and External Treaties," in The Firm as a Nexus of Treaties, M. Aoki, B. Gustafsson and O. Williamson (Eds.), Sage Publications, Los Angeles, CA.
    • (1990) The Firm as a Nexus of Treaties
    • Reve, T.1
  • 52
  • 53
    • 0003420344 scopus 로고
    • Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA
    • Saxenian, A. (1994), Regional Advantage, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
    • (1994) Regional Advantage
    • Saxenian, A.1
  • 54
    • 84989152253 scopus 로고
    • An Empirical Analysis of Organizational Strategies by Entrepreneurial High-Technology Firms
    • Shan, W. (1990), "An Empirical Analysis of Organizational Strategies by Entrepreneurial High-Technology Firms," Strategic Management Journal, 11, 2, 129-140.
    • (1990) Strategic Management Journal , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 129-140
    • Shan, W.1
  • 55
    • 84934562662 scopus 로고
    • Organizational Legitimacy and the Liability of Newness
    • Singh, J., D. Tucker, and R. House (1986), "Organizational Legitimacy and the Liability of Newness," Administrative Science Quarterly, 31, 171-193.
    • (1986) Administrative Science Quarterly , vol.31 , pp. 171-193
    • Singh, J.1    Tucker, D.2    House, R.3
  • 56
    • 0007359854 scopus 로고
    • Concorrenza è Cooperazione Nelle Strategie di Sviluppo Tecnologico
    • Teece, D. (1989), "Concorrenza è Cooperazione Nelle Strategie di Sviluppo Tecnologico," Economia e Politica Industriale, 64, 17-46.
    • (1989) Economia e Politica Industriale , vol.64 , pp. 17-46
    • Teece, D.1
  • 58
    • 0030494687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward the Flexible Form: How to Remain Vital in Hypercompetitive Environments
    • Volberda, H. W. (1996), "Toward the Flexible Form: How to Remain Vital in Hypercompetitive Environments," Organization Science, 7, 4, 359-374.
    • (1996) Organization Science , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 359-374
    • Volberda, H.W.1
  • 59
    • 0042862892 scopus 로고
    • Appropriability of Innovation Benefit as a Predictor of the Source of Innovation
    • Von Hippel, E. (1982), "Appropriability of Innovation Benefit as a Predictor of the Source of Innovation," Research Policy, 11, 95-115.
    • (1982) Research Policy , vol.11 , pp. 95-115
    • Von Hippel, E.1
  • 61
    • 0001470630 scopus 로고
    • Transaction Cost Economics: The Governance of Contractual Relations
    • October
    • _ (1979), "Transaction Cost Economics: The Governance of Contractual Relations," Journal of Law and Economics, 22 (October), 3-61.
    • (1979) Journal of Law and Economics , vol.22 , pp. 3-61
  • 62
    • 84936824407 scopus 로고
    • Comparative Economie Organization: The Analysis of Discrete Structural Alternatives
    • _ (1991), "Comparative Economie Organization: The Analysis of Discrete Structural Alternatives," Administrative Science Quarterly, 36, 269-296.
    • (1991) Administrative Science Quarterly , vol.36 , pp. 269-296
  • 63
    • 0002116850 scopus 로고
    • Production of Trust: Institutional Sources of Economic Structure 1840 to 1920
    • Zucker, L. (1986), "Production of Trust: Institutional Sources of Economic Structure 1840 to 1920," Research in Organizational Behavior, 8, 53-111.
    • (1986) Research in Organizational Behavior , vol.8 , pp. 53-111
    • Zucker, L.1
  • 64
    • 84928837161 scopus 로고
    • Markets for Bureaucratic Authority and Control: Information Quality in Professions and Services
    • _ (1991), "Markets for Bureaucratic Authority and Control: Information Quality in Professions and Services," Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 8, 157-190.
    • (1991) Research in the Sociology of Organizations , vol.8 , pp. 157-190
  • 65
    • 0002329765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collaboration Structure and Information Dilemmas in Biotechnology: Organizational Boundaries as Trust Production
    • forthcoming, R. Kramer and T. Tyler (Eds.), Sage Publications, Los Angeles, CA
    • _, M. Brewer, M. Darby, and Y. Peng (forthcoming), "Collaboration Structure and Information Dilemmas in Biotechnology: Organizational Boundaries as Trust Production" in Trust in Organizations, R. Kramer and T. Tyler (Eds.), Sage Publications, Los Angeles, CA.
    • Trust in Organizations
    • Brewer, M.1    Darby, M.2    Peng, Y.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.