메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 37, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 85-94

Dopaminergic basis of salience dysregulation in psychosis

Author keywords

Dopamine; Psychosis; Reward; Salience; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

DOPAMINE; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT;

EID: 84893640696     PISSN: 01662236     EISSN: 1878108X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2013.11.003     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (199)

References (124)
  • 1
    • 0000428532 scopus 로고
    • 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine and 5-hydroxytryptophan as reserpine antagonists
    • Carlsson A., et al. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine and 5-hydroxytryptophan as reserpine antagonists. Nature 1957, 180. 10.1038/1801200a0.
    • (1957) Nature , vol.180
    • Carlsson, A.1
  • 2
    • 78651116398 scopus 로고
    • Effect of chlorpromazine or haloperidol on formation of 3methoxytyramine and normetanephrine in mouse brain
    • Carlsson A., Lindqvist M. Effect of chlorpromazine or haloperidol on formation of 3methoxytyramine and normetanephrine in mouse brain. Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. (Copenh.) 1963, 20:140-144.
    • (1963) Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. (Copenh.) , vol.20 , pp. 140-144
    • Carlsson, A.1    Lindqvist, M.2
  • 4
    • 81255157804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional properties of the basal ganglia's re-entrant loop architecture: selection and reinforcement
    • Redgrave P., et al. Functional properties of the basal ganglia's re-entrant loop architecture: selection and reinforcement. Neuroscience 2011, 198:138-151.
    • (2011) Neuroscience , vol.198 , pp. 138-151
    • Redgrave, P.1
  • 5
    • 0034004665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salience from feature contrast: additivity across dimensions
    • Nothdurft H. Salience from feature contrast: additivity across dimensions. Vision Res. 2000, 40:1183-1201.
    • (2000) Vision Res. , vol.40 , pp. 1183-1201
    • Nothdurft, H.1
  • 6
    • 0022388528 scopus 로고
    • Shifts in selective visual attention: towards the underlying neural circuitry
    • Koch C., Ullman S. Shifts in selective visual attention: towards the underlying neural circuitry. Hum. Neurobiol. 1985, 4:219-227.
    • (1985) Hum. Neurobiol. , vol.4 , pp. 219-227
    • Koch, C.1    Ullman, S.2
  • 7
    • 0036148711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A saliency map in primary visual cortex
    • Li Z. A saliency map in primary visual cortex. Trends Cogn. Sci. 2002, 6:9-16.
    • (2002) Trends Cogn. Sci. , vol.6 , pp. 9-16
    • Li, Z.1
  • 8
    • 44149128360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Curious George: an attentive semantic robot
    • Meger D., et al. Curious George: an attentive semantic robot. Robot. Auton. Syst. 2008, 56:503-511.
    • (2008) Robot. Auton. Syst. , vol.56 , pp. 503-511
    • Meger, D.1
  • 9
    • 0032973437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The basal ganglia: a vertebrate solution to the selection problem?
    • Redgrave P., et al. The basal ganglia: a vertebrate solution to the selection problem?. Neuroscience 1999, 89:1009-1023.
    • (1999) Neuroscience , vol.89 , pp. 1009-1023
    • Redgrave, P.1
  • 10
    • 0347086138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The primate basal ganglia: parallel and integrative networks
    • Haber S.N. The primate basal ganglia: parallel and integrative networks. J. Chem. Neuroanat. 2003, 26:317-330.
    • (2003) J. Chem. Neuroanat. , vol.26 , pp. 317-330
    • Haber, S.N.1
  • 11
    • 0026661841 scopus 로고
    • Localization of drug reward mechanisms by intracranial injections
    • Wise R.A., Hoffman D.C. Localization of drug reward mechanisms by intracranial injections. Synapse 1992, 10:247-263.
    • (1992) Synapse , vol.10 , pp. 247-263
    • Wise, R.A.1    Hoffman, D.C.2
  • 12
    • 0017689619 scopus 로고
    • Brain self-stimulation: direct evidence for the involvement of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex
    • Mora F., Myers R.D. Brain self-stimulation: direct evidence for the involvement of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex. Science 1977, 197:1387-1389.
    • (1977) Science , vol.197 , pp. 1387-1389
    • Mora, F.1    Myers, R.D.2
  • 13
    • 0037057755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Getting formal with dopamine and reward
    • Schultz W. Getting formal with dopamine and reward. Neuron 2002, 36:241-263.
    • (2002) Neuron , vol.36 , pp. 241-263
    • Schultz, W.1
  • 14
    • 2642519680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine, learning and motivation
    • Wise R.A. Dopamine, learning and motivation. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2004, 5:483-494.
    • (2004) Nat. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.5 , pp. 483-494
    • Wise, R.A.1
  • 15
    • 0031867046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons
    • Schultz W. Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 1998, 80:1-27.
    • (1998) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.80 , pp. 1-27
    • Schultz, W.1
  • 16
    • 84891681994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A causal link between prediction errors, dopamine neurons and learning
    • Steinberg E.E., et al. A causal link between prediction errors, dopamine neurons and learning. Nat. Neurosci. 2013, 16:966-973.
    • (2013) Nat. Neurosci. , vol.16 , pp. 966-973
    • Steinberg, E.E.1
  • 17
    • 57749177083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perceiving is believing: a Bayesian approach to explaining the positive symptoms of schizophrenia
    • Fletcher P.C., Frith C.D. Perceiving is believing: a Bayesian approach to explaining the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2009, 10:48-58.
    • (2009) Nat. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.10 , pp. 48-58
    • Fletcher, P.C.1    Frith, C.D.2
  • 18
    • 0001323543 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral effects of psychomotor stimulant drugs: clinical and neuropsychological implications
    • Raven Press, I. Creese (Ed.)
    • Robbins T.W., Sahakian B.J. Behavioral effects of psychomotor stimulant drugs: clinical and neuropsychological implications. Stimulants: Neurochemical, Behavioural and Clinical Perspective 1983,.301-338. Raven Press. I. Creese (Ed.).
    • (1983) Stimulants: Neurochemical, Behavioural and Clinical Perspective , pp. 301-338
    • Robbins, T.W.1    Sahakian, B.J.2
  • 19
    • 0032423613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience?
    • Berridge K.C., Robinson T.E. What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience?. Brain Res. Rev. 1998, 28:309-369.
    • (1998) Brain Res. Rev. , vol.28 , pp. 309-369
    • Berridge, K.C.1    Robinson, T.E.2
  • 20
    • 78650971061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A selective role for dopamine in stimulus-reward learning
    • Flagel S.B., et al. A selective role for dopamine in stimulus-reward learning. Nature 2011, 469:53-57.
    • (2011) Nature , vol.469 , pp. 53-57
    • Flagel, S.B.1
  • 21
    • 8444231365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine: the salient issue
    • Ungless M.A. Dopamine: the salient issue. Trends Neurosci. 2004, 27:702-706.
    • (2004) Trends Neurosci. , vol.27 , pp. 702-706
    • Ungless, M.A.1
  • 22
    • 33751184634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The short-latency dopamine signal: a role in discovering novel actions?
    • Redgrave P., Gurney K. The short-latency dopamine signal: a role in discovering novel actions?. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2006, 7:967-975.
    • (2006) Nat. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.7 , pp. 967-975
    • Redgrave, P.1    Gurney, K.2
  • 23
    • 77951132273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine signals for reward value and risk: basic and recent data
    • Schultz W. Dopamine signals for reward value and risk: basic and recent data. Behav. Brain Funct. 2010, 6:24-32.
    • (2010) Behav. Brain Funct. , vol.6 , pp. 24-32
    • Schultz, W.1
  • 24
    • 0034061668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesolimbocortical and nigrostriatal dopamine responses to salient non-reward events
    • Horvitz J.C. Mesolimbocortical and nigrostriatal dopamine responses to salient non-reward events. Neuroscience 2000, 96:651-656.
    • (2000) Neuroscience , vol.96 , pp. 651-656
    • Horvitz, J.C.1
  • 25
    • 14644442942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How visual stimuli activate dopaminergic neurons at short latency
    • Dommett E., et al. How visual stimuli activate dopaminergic neurons at short latency. Science 2005, 307:1476-1479.
    • (2005) Science , vol.307 , pp. 1476-1479
    • Dommett, E.1
  • 26
    • 0036592029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine: generalization and bonuses
    • Kakade S., Dayan P. Dopamine: generalization and bonuses. Neural Netw. 2002, 15:549-559.
    • (2002) Neural Netw. , vol.15 , pp. 549-559
    • Kakade, S.1    Dayan, P.2
  • 27
    • 33746365395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absolute coding of stimulus novelty in the human substantia nigra/VTA
    • Bunzeck N., Duzel E. Absolute coding of stimulus novelty in the human substantia nigra/VTA. Neuron 2006, 51:369-379.
    • (2006) Neuron , vol.51 , pp. 369-379
    • Bunzeck, N.1    Duzel, E.2
  • 28
    • 4043170099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of midbrain structures by associative novelty and the formation of explicit memory in humans
    • Schott B.H., et al. Activation of midbrain structures by associative novelty and the formation of explicit memory in humans. Learn. Mem. 2004, 11:383-387.
    • (2004) Learn. Mem. , vol.11 , pp. 383-387
    • Schott, B.H.1
  • 29
    • 34548726104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticipation of novelty recruits reward system and hippocampus while promoting recollection
    • Wittmann B.C., et al. Anticipation of novelty recruits reward system and hippocampus while promoting recollection. Neuroimage 2007, 38:194-202.
    • (2007) Neuroimage , vol.38 , pp. 194-202
    • Wittmann, B.C.1
  • 30
    • 19544370227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hippocampal-VTA loop: controlling the entry of information into long-term memory
    • Lisman J.E., Grace A.A. The hippocampal-VTA loop: controlling the entry of information into long-term memory. Neuron 2005, 46:703-713.
    • (2005) Neuron , vol.46 , pp. 703-713
    • Lisman, J.E.1    Grace, A.A.2
  • 31
    • 58149236469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midbrain dopaminergic neurons and striatal cholinergic interneurons encode the difference between reward and aversive events at different epochs of probabilistic classical conditioning trials
    • Joshua M. Midbrain dopaminergic neurons and striatal cholinergic interneurons encode the difference between reward and aversive events at different epochs of probabilistic classical conditioning trials. J. Neurosci. 2008, 28:11673-11684.
    • (2008) J. Neurosci. , vol.28 , pp. 11673-11684
    • Joshua, M.1
  • 32
    • 0024239309 scopus 로고
    • Influence of the mesocortical/prefrontal dopamine neurons on their target cells
    • Thierry A.M. Influence of the mesocortical/prefrontal dopamine neurons on their target cells. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1988, 537:101-111.
    • (1988) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.537 , pp. 101-111
    • Thierry, A.M.1
  • 33
    • 0024514497 scopus 로고
    • Differential effect of stress on in vivo dopamine release in striatum, nucleus accumbens, and medial frontal cortex
    • Abercrombie E.D. Differential effect of stress on in vivo dopamine release in striatum, nucleus accumbens, and medial frontal cortex. J. Neurochem. 1989, 52:1655-1658.
    • (1989) J. Neurochem. , vol.52 , pp. 1655-1658
    • Abercrombie, E.D.1
  • 34
  • 35
    • 27144489061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restraint increases dopaminergic burst firing in awake rats
    • Anstrom K.K.K., Woodward D.J.D. Restraint increases dopaminergic burst firing in awake rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2005, 30:1832-1840.
    • (2005) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.30 , pp. 1832-1840
    • Anstrom, K.K.K.1    Woodward, D.J.D.2
  • 36
    • 77954437227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation in the VTA and nucleus accumbens increases in anticipation of both gains and losses
    • Carter R.M., et al. Activation in the VTA and nucleus accumbens increases in anticipation of both gains and losses. Front. Behav. Neurosci. 2009, 3. 10.3389/neuro.08.021.2009.
    • (2009) Front. Behav. Neurosci. , vol.3
    • Carter, R.M.1
  • 37
    • 0027969330 scopus 로고
    • The salience of emotion across the adult life span
    • Carstensen L.L., Turk-Charles S. The salience of emotion across the adult life span. Psychol. Aging 1994, 9:259-264.
    • (1994) Psychol. Aging , vol.9 , pp. 259-264
    • Carstensen, L.L.1    Turk-Charles, S.2
  • 38
    • 39149118872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesolimbic interaction of emotional valence and reward improves memory formation
    • Wittmann B.C., et al. Mesolimbic interaction of emotional valence and reward improves memory formation. Neuropsychologia 2008, 46:1000-1008.
    • (2008) Neuropsychologia , vol.46 , pp. 1000-1008
    • Wittmann, B.C.1
  • 39
    • 56749156419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine in amygdala gates limbic processing of aversive stimuli in humans
    • Kienast T., et al. Dopamine in amygdala gates limbic processing of aversive stimuli in humans. Nat. Neurosci. 2008, 11:1381-1382.
    • (2008) Nat. Neurosci. , vol.11 , pp. 1381-1382
    • Kienast, T.1
  • 40
    • 84871299789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midbrain presynaptic dopamine tone predicts sustained and transient neural response to emotional salience in humans: fMRI, MEG and FDOPA PET
    • Jabbi M., et al. Midbrain presynaptic dopamine tone predicts sustained and transient neural response to emotional salience in humans: fMRI, MEG and FDOPA PET. Mol. Psychiatry 2012, 10.1038/mp.2012.12.
    • (2012) Mol. Psychiatry
    • Jabbi, M.1
  • 41
    • 84874878610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity and homogeneity in responses of midbrain dopamine neurons
    • Fiorillo C.D., et al. Diversity and homogeneity in responses of midbrain dopamine neurons. J. Neurosci. 2013, 33:4693-4709.
    • (2013) J. Neurosci. , vol.33 , pp. 4693-4709
    • Fiorillo, C.D.1
  • 42
    • 63849268432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phasic excitation of dopamine neurons in ventral VTA by noxious stimuli
    • Brischoux F., et al. Phasic excitation of dopamine neurons in ventral VTA by noxious stimuli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2009, 106:4894-4899.
    • (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.106 , pp. 4894-4899
    • Brischoux, F.1
  • 43
    • 67349098495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two types of dopamine neuron distinctly convey positive and negative motivational signals
    • Matsumoto M., Hikosaka O. Two types of dopamine neuron distinctly convey positive and negative motivational signals. Nature 2009, 459:837-841.
    • (2009) Nature , vol.459 , pp. 837-841
    • Matsumoto, M.1    Hikosaka, O.2
  • 44
    • 78649966665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine in motivational control: rewarding, aversive, and alerting
    • Bromberg-Martin E.S., et al. Dopamine in motivational control: rewarding, aversive, and alerting. Neuron 2010, 68:815-834.
    • (2010) Neuron , vol.68 , pp. 815-834
    • Bromberg-Martin, E.S.1
  • 45
    • 1642404961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uniform inhibition of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area by aversive stimuli
    • Ungless M.A., et al. Uniform inhibition of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area by aversive stimuli. Science 2004, 303:2040-2042.
    • (2004) Science , vol.303 , pp. 2040-2042
    • Ungless, M.A.1
  • 46
    • 79956316450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duration of inhibition of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons encodes a level of conditioned fear
    • Mileykovskiy B., Morales M. Duration of inhibition of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons encodes a level of conditioned fear. J. Neurosci. 2011, 31:7471-7476.
    • (2011) J. Neurosci. , vol.31 , pp. 7471-7476
    • Mileykovskiy, B.1    Morales, M.2
  • 47
    • 84884190234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct representations of cognitive and motivational signals in midbrain dopamine neurons
    • Matsumoto M., Takada M. Distinct representations of cognitive and motivational signals in midbrain dopamine neurons. Neuron 2013, 79:1011-1024.
    • (2013) Neuron , vol.79 , pp. 1011-1024
    • Matsumoto, M.1    Takada, M.2
  • 48
    • 84881062266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two dimensions of value: dopamine neurons represent reward but not aversiveness
    • Fiorillo C.D. Two dimensions of value: dopamine neurons represent reward but not aversiveness. Science 2013, 341:546-549.
    • (2013) Science , vol.341 , pp. 546-549
    • Fiorillo, C.D.1
  • 49
    • 79952774058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aversive stimuli alter ventral tegmental area dopamine neuron activity via a common action in the ventral hippocampus
    • Valenti O., et al. Aversive stimuli alter ventral tegmental area dopamine neuron activity via a common action in the ventral hippocampus. J. Neurosci. 2011, 31:4280-4289.
    • (2011) J. Neurosci. , vol.31 , pp. 4280-4289
    • Valenti, O.1
  • 50
    • 56749133285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real-time chemical responses in the nucleus accumbens differentiate rewarding and aversive stimuli
    • Roitman M.F., et al. Real-time chemical responses in the nucleus accumbens differentiate rewarding and aversive stimuli. Nat. Neurosci. 2008, 11:1376-1377.
    • (2008) Nat. Neurosci. , vol.11 , pp. 1376-1377
    • Roitman, M.F.1
  • 51
    • 84855546487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aversive stimulus differentially triggers subsecond dopamine release in reward regions
    • Budygin E.A., et al. Aversive stimulus differentially triggers subsecond dopamine release in reward regions. Neuroscience 2012, 201:331-337.
    • (2012) Neuroscience , vol.201 , pp. 331-337
    • Budygin, E.A.1
  • 52
    • 83555179072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary food reward and reward-predictive stimuli evoke different patterns of phasic dopamine signaling throughout the striatum
    • Brown H.D., et al. Primary food reward and reward-predictive stimuli evoke different patterns of phasic dopamine signaling throughout the striatum. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2011, 34:1997-2006.
    • (2011) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.34 , pp. 1997-2006
    • Brown, H.D.1
  • 53
    • 84868621500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Input-specific control of reward and aversion in the ventral tegmental area
    • Lammel S., et al. Input-specific control of reward and aversion in the ventral tegmental area. Nature 2012, 491:212-217.
    • (2012) Nature , vol.491 , pp. 212-217
    • Lammel, S.1
  • 54
    • 0034654526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Striatonigrostriatal pathways in primates form an ascending spiral from the shell to the dorsolateral striatum
    • Haber S.N.S., et al. Striatonigrostriatal pathways in primates form an ascending spiral from the shell to the dorsolateral striatum. J. Neurosci. 2000, 20:2369-2382.
    • (2000) J. Neurosci. , vol.20 , pp. 2369-2382
    • Haber, S.N.S.1
  • 55
    • 77956416241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain reward circuitry beyond the mesolimbic dopamine system: a neurobiological theory
    • Ikemoto S. Brain reward circuitry beyond the mesolimbic dopamine system: a neurobiological theory. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2010, 35:129-150.
    • (2010) Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. , vol.35 , pp. 129-150
    • Ikemoto, S.1
  • 56
    • 84856484885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergent activation of ventromedial and ventrolateral dopamine systems in animal models of amphetamine sensitization and schizophrenia
    • Lodge D.J., Grace A.A. Divergent activation of ventromedial and ventrolateral dopamine systems in animal models of amphetamine sensitization and schizophrenia. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2011, 10.1017/S1461145711000113.
    • (2011) Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol.
    • Lodge, D.J.1    Grace, A.A.2
  • 57
    • 37249083413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular imaging studies of the striatal dopaminergic system in psychosis and predictions for the prodromal phase of psychosis
    • Howes O.D., et al. Molecular imaging studies of the striatal dopaminergic system in psychosis and predictions for the prodromal phase of psychosis. Br. J. Psychiatry Suppl. 2007, 51:s13-s18.
    • (2007) Br. J. Psychiatry Suppl. , vol.51
    • Howes, O.D.1
  • 58
    • 58149489347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated striatal dopamine function linked to prodromal signs of schizophrenia
    • Howes O.D., et al. Elevated striatal dopamine function linked to prodromal signs of schizophrenia. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2009, 66:13-20.
    • (2009) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.66 , pp. 13-20
    • Howes, O.D.1
  • 59
    • 77949465113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Klaus Conrad (1905-1961): delusional mood, psychosis, and beginning schizophrenia
    • Mishara A.L. Klaus Conrad (1905-1961): delusional mood, psychosis, and beginning schizophrenia. Schizophr. Bull. 2010, 36:9-13.
    • (2010) Schizophr. Bull. , vol.36 , pp. 9-13
    • Mishara, A.L.1
  • 61
    • 84874546303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The phenomenology and neurobiology of delusion formation during psychosis onset: Jaspers, Truman symptoms, and aberrant salience
    • Mishara A.L., Fusar-poli P. The phenomenology and neurobiology of delusion formation during psychosis onset: Jaspers, Truman symptoms, and aberrant salience. Schizophr. Bull. 2013, 10.1093/schbul/sbs155.
    • (2013) Schizophr. Bull.
    • Mishara, A.L.1    Fusar-poli, P.2
  • 62
    • 49149128561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Truman" signs and vulnerability to psychosis
    • Fusar-poli P., et al. "Truman" signs and vulnerability to psychosis. Br. J. Psychiatry 2008, 193:168.
    • (2008) Br. J. Psychiatry , vol.193 , pp. 168
    • Fusar-poli, P.1
  • 63
    • 65349120160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia: version III-the final common pathway
    • Howes O.D., Kapur S. The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia: version III-the final common pathway. Schizophr. Bull. 2009, 35:549-562.
    • (2009) Schizophr. Bull. , vol.35 , pp. 549-562
    • Howes, O.D.1    Kapur, S.2
  • 64
    • 0037223711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychosis as a state of aberrant salience: a framework linking biology, phenomenology, and pharmacology in schizophrenia
    • Kapur S. Psychosis as a state of aberrant salience: a framework linking biology, phenomenology, and pharmacology in schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 2003, 160:13-23.
    • (2003) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.160 , pp. 13-23
    • Kapur, S.1
  • 65
    • 0035257841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenic delusions in Seoul, Shanghai and Taipei: a transcultural study
    • Kim K., et al. Schizophrenic delusions in Seoul, Shanghai and Taipei: a transcultural study. J. Korean Med. Sci. 2001, 16:88-94.
    • (2001) J. Korean Med. Sci. , vol.16 , pp. 88-94
    • Kim, K.1
  • 66
    • 79953667820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental pathology, dopamine, stress and schizophrenia
    • Lodge D.J., Grace A.A. Developmental pathology, dopamine, stress and schizophrenia. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 2011, 29:207-213.
    • (2011) Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. , vol.29 , pp. 207-213
    • Lodge, D.J.1    Grace, A.A.2
  • 67
    • 0026611393 scopus 로고
    • The depolarization block hypothesis of neuroleptic action: implications for the etiology and treatment of schizophrenia
    • Grace A.A. The depolarization block hypothesis of neuroleptic action: implications for the etiology and treatment of schizophrenia. J. Neural Transm. Suppl. 1992, 36:91-131.
    • (1992) J. Neural Transm. Suppl. , vol.36 , pp. 91-131
    • Grace, A.A.1
  • 68
    • 0018116725 scopus 로고
    • Acute and chronic haloperidol treatment: comparison of effects on nigral dopaminergic cell activity
    • Bunney B.S., Grace A.A. Acute and chronic haloperidol treatment: comparison of effects on nigral dopaminergic cell activity. Life Sci. 1978, 23:1715-1727.
    • (1978) Life Sci. , vol.23 , pp. 1715-1727
    • Bunney, B.S.1    Grace, A.A.2
  • 69
    • 80052153841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antipsychotic drugs rapidly induce dopamine neuron depolarization block in a developmental rat model of schizophrenia
    • Valenti O., et al. Antipsychotic drugs rapidly induce dopamine neuron depolarization block in a developmental rat model of schizophrenia. J. Neurosci. 2011, 31:12330-12338.
    • (2011) J. Neurosci. , vol.31 , pp. 12330-12338
    • Valenti, O.1
  • 70
    • 0028805490 scopus 로고
    • Presynaptic dopamine function in striatum of neuroleptic-naive schizophrenic patients
    • Hietala J., et al. Presynaptic dopamine function in striatum of neuroleptic-naive schizophrenic patients. Lancet 1995, 346:1130-1131.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , pp. 1130-1131
    • Hietala, J.1
  • 71
    • 0028072691 scopus 로고
    • Elevated dopa decarboxylase activity in living brain of patients with psychosis
    • Reith J., et al. Elevated dopa decarboxylase activity in living brain of patients with psychosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1994, 91:11651-11654.
    • (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.91 , pp. 11651-11654
    • Reith, J.1
  • 72
    • 0345059223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depressive symptoms and presynaptic dopamine function in neuroleptic-naive schizophrenia
    • Hietala J., et al. Depressive symptoms and presynaptic dopamine function in neuroleptic-naive schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 1999, 35:41-50.
    • (1999) Schizophr. Res. , vol.35 , pp. 41-50
    • Hietala, J.1
  • 73
    • 34547486316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated [18F]fluorodopamine turnover in brain of patients with schizophrenia: an [18F]fluorodopa/positron emission tomography study
    • Kumakura Y., et al. Elevated [18F]fluorodopamine turnover in brain of patients with schizophrenia: an [18F]fluorodopa/positron emission tomography study. J. Neurosci. 2007, 27:8080-8087.
    • (2007) J. Neurosci. , vol.27 , pp. 8080-8087
    • Kumakura, Y.1
  • 76
    • 84865309293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nature of dopamine dysfunction in schizophrenia and what this means for treatment: meta-analysis of imaging studies
    • Howes O.D., et al. The nature of dopamine dysfunction in schizophrenia and what this means for treatment: meta-analysis of imaging studies. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2012, 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2012.169.
    • (2012) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry
    • Howes, O.D.1
  • 77
    • 67649487922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dopaminergic basis of human behaviors: a review of molecular imaging studies
    • Egerton A., et al. The dopaminergic basis of human behaviors: a review of molecular imaging studies. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2009, 33:1109-1132.
    • (2009) Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. , vol.33 , pp. 1109-1132
    • Egerton, A.1
  • 78
    • 0030608782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging D2 receptor occupancy by endogenous dopamine in humans
    • Laruelle M., et al. Imaging D2 receptor occupancy by endogenous dopamine in humans. Neuropsychopharmacology 1997, 17:162-174.
    • (1997) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.17 , pp. 162-174
    • Laruelle, M.1
  • 79
    • 0031799667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased striatal dopamine transmission in schizophrenia: confirmation in a second cohort
    • Abi-Dargham A., et al. Increased striatal dopamine transmission in schizophrenia: confirmation in a second cohort. Am. J. Psychiatry 1998, 155:761-767.
    • (1998) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.155 , pp. 761-767
    • Abi-Dargham, A.1
  • 80
    • 12644293806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia is associated with elevated amphetamine-induced synaptic dopamine concentrations: evidence from a novel positron emission tomography method
    • Breier A., et al. Schizophrenia is associated with elevated amphetamine-induced synaptic dopamine concentrations: evidence from a novel positron emission tomography method. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1997, 94:2569-2574.
    • (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.94 , pp. 2569-2574
    • Breier, A.1
  • 81
    • 0032987267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased dopamine transmission in schizophrenia: relationship to illness phases
    • Laruelle M., et al. Increased dopamine transmission in schizophrenia: relationship to illness phases. Biol. Psychiatry 1999, 46:56-72.
    • (1999) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.46 , pp. 56-72
    • Laruelle, M.1
  • 82
    • 84857633601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased stress-induced dopamine release in psychosis
    • Mizrahi R., et al. Increased stress-induced dopamine release in psychosis. Biol. Psychiatry 2012, 71:561-567.
    • (2012) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.71 , pp. 561-567
    • Mizrahi, R.1
  • 83
    • 0034608753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased baseline occupancy of D2 receptors by dopamine in schizophrenia
    • Abi-Dargham A., et al. Increased baseline occupancy of D2 receptors by dopamine in schizophrenia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2000, 97:8104-8109.
    • (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.97 , pp. 8104-8109
    • Abi-Dargham, A.1
  • 84
    • 84871989449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The psychosis high-risk state: a comprehensive state-of-the-art review
    • Fusar-poli P., et al. The psychosis high-risk state: a comprehensive state-of-the-art review. JAMA Psychiatry 2013, 70:107-120.
    • (2013) JAMA Psychiatry , vol.70 , pp. 107-120
    • Fusar-poli, P.1
  • 85
    • 84857099124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 18F]-DOPA PET imaging study
    • 18F]-DOPA PET imaging study. Am. J. Psychiatry 2011, 168:1311-1317.
    • (2011) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.168 , pp. 1311-1317
    • Howes, O.D.1
  • 86
    • 84879507260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presynaptic striatal dopamine dysfunction in people at ultra-high risk for psychosis: findings in a second cohort
    • Egerton A., et al. Presynaptic striatal dopamine dysfunction in people at ultra-high risk for psychosis: findings in a second cohort. Biol. Psychiatry 2013, 74:106-112.
    • (2013) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.74 , pp. 106-112
    • Egerton, A.1
  • 87
    • 36849013646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Striatal dopamine synthesis in first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia
    • Huttunen J., et al. Striatal dopamine synthesis in first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry 2008, 63:114-117.
    • (2008) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.63 , pp. 114-117
    • Huttunen, J.1
  • 88
    • 80054923007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Striatal dopamine synthesis capacity in twins discordant for schizophrenia
    • Shotbolt P., et al. Striatal dopamine synthesis capacity in twins discordant for schizophrenia. Psychol. Med. 2011, 41:2331-2338.
    • (2011) Psychol. Med. , vol.41 , pp. 2331-2338
    • Shotbolt, P.1
  • 89
    • 84879368570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 18F]-DOPA imaging study in healthy individuals with auditory hallucinations
    • 18F]-DOPA imaging study in healthy individuals with auditory hallucinations. Schizophr. Bull. 2012, 10.1093/schbul/sbr195.
    • (2012) Schizophr. Bull.
    • Howes, O.D.1
  • 90
    • 80052068381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive increase in striatal dopamine synthesis capacity as patients develop psychosis: a PET study
    • Howes O., et al. Progressive increase in striatal dopamine synthesis capacity as patients develop psychosis: a PET study. Mol. Psychiatry 2011, 10.1038/mp.2011.20.
    • (2011) Mol. Psychiatry
    • Howes, O.1
  • 91
    • 84871835435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Striatal presynaptic dopamine in schizophrenia. Part I: meta-analysis of dopamine active transporter (DAT) density
    • Fusar-poli P., Meyer-Lindenberg A. Striatal presynaptic dopamine in schizophrenia. Part I: meta-analysis of dopamine active transporter (DAT) density. Schizophr. Bull. 2012, 10.1093/schbul/sbr111.
    • (2012) Schizophr. Bull.
    • Fusar-poli, P.1    Meyer-Lindenberg, A.2
  • 92
    • 84884325284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The enduring centrality of dopamine in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia: in vivo evidence from the prodrome to the first psychotic episode
    • Bonoldi I., Howes O.D. The enduring centrality of dopamine in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia: in vivo evidence from the prodrome to the first psychotic episode. Adv. Pharmacol. 2013, 68:199-220.
    • (2013) Adv. Pharmacol. , vol.68 , pp. 199-220
    • Bonoldi, I.1    Howes, O.D.2
  • 93
    • 1842575680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathways to schizophrenia: the impact of environmental factors
    • Howes O.D., et al. Pathways to schizophrenia: the impact of environmental factors. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2004, 7:S7-S13.
    • (2004) Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. , vol.7
    • Howes, O.D.1
  • 94
    • 30344455038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysfunction of ventral striatal reward prediction in schizophrenia
    • Juckel G., et al. Dysfunction of ventral striatal reward prediction in schizophrenia. Neuroimage 2006, 29:409-416.
    • (2006) Neuroimage , vol.29 , pp. 409-416
    • Juckel, G.1
  • 95
    • 67349261561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reward feedback alterations in unmedicated schizophrenia patients: relevance for delusions
    • Schlagenhauf F., et al. Reward feedback alterations in unmedicated schizophrenia patients: relevance for delusions. Biol. Psychiatry 2009, 65:1032-1039.
    • (2009) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.65 , pp. 1032-1039
    • Schlagenhauf, F.1
  • 96
    • 33745741423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysfunction of ventral striatal reward prediction in schizophrenic patients treated with typical, not atypical, neuroleptics
    • Juckel G., et al. Dysfunction of ventral striatal reward prediction in schizophrenic patients treated with typical, not atypical, neuroleptics. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2006, 187:222-228.
    • (2006) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.187 , pp. 222-228
    • Juckel, G.1
  • 97
    • 77957975037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal responses to monetary outcomes in cortex, but not in the basal ganglia, in schizophrenia
    • Waltz J.A., et al. Abnormal responses to monetary outcomes in cortex, but not in the basal ganglia, in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 2010, 35:2427-2439.
    • (2010) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.35 , pp. 2427-2439
    • Waltz, J.A.1
  • 98
    • 84857364084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disambiguating ventral striatum fMRI-related bold signal during reward prediction in schizophrenia
    • Morris R.W., et al. Disambiguating ventral striatum fMRI-related bold signal during reward prediction in schizophrenia. Mol. Psychiatry 2012, 17:280-289.
    • (2012) Mol. Psychiatry , vol.17 , pp. 280-289
    • Morris, R.W.1
  • 99
    • 84860148128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alterations of the brain reward system in antipsychotic naïve schizophrenia patients
    • Nielsen M.Ø., et al. Alterations of the brain reward system in antipsychotic naïve schizophrenia patients. Biol. Psychiatry 2012, 71:898-905.
    • (2012) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.71 , pp. 898-905
    • Nielsen, M.Ø.1
  • 100
    • 39449124914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substantia nigra/ventral tegmental reward prediction error disruption in psychosis
    • Murray G.K., et al. Substantia nigra/ventral tegmental reward prediction error disruption in psychosis. Mol. Psychiatry 2008, 13:239-276.
    • (2008) Mol. Psychiatry , vol.13 , pp. 239-276
    • Murray, G.K.1
  • 101
    • 77952299500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive and aberrant reward prediction signals in the human brain
    • Roiser J.P., et al. Adaptive and aberrant reward prediction signals in the human brain. Neuroimage 2010, 50:657-664.
    • (2010) Neuroimage , vol.50 , pp. 657-664
    • Roiser, J.P.1
  • 102
    • 84886060735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural and behavioral correlates of aberrant salience in individuals at risk for psychosis
    • Roiser J.P., et al. Neural and behavioral correlates of aberrant salience in individuals at risk for psychosis. Schizophr. Bull. 2012, 10.1093/schbul/sbs147.
    • (2012) Schizophr. Bull.
    • Roiser, J.P.1
  • 103
    • 38149136439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The formation of abnormal associations in schizophrenia: neural and behavioral evidence
    • Jensen J., et al. The formation of abnormal associations in schizophrenia: neural and behavioral evidence. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008, 33:473-479.
    • (2008) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.33 , pp. 473-479
    • Jensen, J.1
  • 104
    • 84861683120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subjective emotional over-arousal to neutral social scenes in paranoid schizophrenia
    • Haralanova E., et al. Subjective emotional over-arousal to neutral social scenes in paranoid schizophrenia. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 2012, 262:59-68.
    • (2012) Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. , vol.262 , pp. 59-68
    • Haralanova, E.1
  • 105
    • 17644367820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural response to emotional salience in schizophrenia
    • Taylor S.F., et al. Neural response to emotional salience in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 2005, 30:984-995.
    • (2005) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.30 , pp. 984-995
    • Taylor, S.F.1
  • 106
    • 33645867396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The misattribution of salience in delusional patients with schizophrenia
    • Holt D.J., et al. The misattribution of salience in delusional patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2006, 83:247-256.
    • (2006) Schizophr. Res. , vol.83 , pp. 247-256
    • Holt, D.J.1
  • 107
    • 80052573363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aberrant effective connectivity in schizophrenia patients during appetitive conditioning
    • Diaconescu A.O., et al. Aberrant effective connectivity in schizophrenia patients during appetitive conditioning. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 2011, 4:239.
    • (2011) Front. Hum. Neurosci. , vol.4 , pp. 239
    • Diaconescu, A.O.1
  • 108
    • 69249145260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms underlying psychosis and antipsychotic treatment response in schizophrenia: insights from PET and SPECT imaging
    • Howes O.D., et al. Mechanisms underlying psychosis and antipsychotic treatment response in schizophrenia: insights from PET and SPECT imaging. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2009, 15:2550-2559.
    • (2009) Curr. Pharm. Des. , vol.15 , pp. 2550-2559
    • Howes, O.D.1
  • 109
    • 0027520871 scopus 로고
    • Central D2-dopamine receptor occupancy in relation to antipsychotic drug effects: a double-blind PET study of schizophrenic patients
    • Nordström A.L., et al. Central D2-dopamine receptor occupancy in relation to antipsychotic drug effects: a double-blind PET study of schizophrenic patients. Biol. Psychiatry 1993, 33:227-235.
    • (1993) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.33 , pp. 227-235
    • Nordström, A.L.1
  • 110
    • 0034025771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between dopamine D(2) occupancy, clinical response, and side effects: a double-blind PET study of first-episode schizophrenia
    • Kapur S., et al. Relationship between dopamine D(2) occupancy, clinical response, and side effects: a double-blind PET study of first-episode schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 2000, 157:514-520.
    • (2000) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.157 , pp. 514-520
    • Kapur, S.1
  • 111
    • 58049157203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Second-generation versus first-generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia: a meta-analysis
    • Leucht S., et al. Second-generation versus first-generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Lancet 2009, 373:31-41.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.373 , pp. 31-41
    • Leucht, S.1
  • 112
    • 82955182179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The D2 antagonist sulpiride modulates the neural processing of both rewarding and aversive stimuli in healthy volunteers
    • McCabe C., et al. The D2 antagonist sulpiride modulates the neural processing of both rewarding and aversive stimuli in healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacology 2011, 217:271-278.
    • (2011) Psychopharmacology , vol.217 , pp. 271-278
    • McCabe, C.1
  • 113
    • 79551527315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine-mediated reinforcement learning signals in the striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex underlie value-based choices
    • Jocham G., et al. Dopamine-mediated reinforcement learning signals in the striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex underlie value-based choices. J. Neurosci. 2011, 31:1606-1613.
    • (2011) J. Neurosci. , vol.31 , pp. 1606-1613
    • Jocham, G.1
  • 114
    • 33748302924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine-dependent prediction errors underpin reward-seeking behaviour in humans
    • Pessiglione M., et al. Dopamine-dependent prediction errors underpin reward-seeking behaviour in humans. Nature 2006, 442:1042-1045.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.442 , pp. 1042-1045
    • Pessiglione, M.1
  • 115
    • 77956934157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered relationship between hippocampal glutamate levels and striatal dopamine function in subjects at ultra high risk of psychosis
    • Stone J.M., et al. Altered relationship between hippocampal glutamate levels and striatal dopamine function in subjects at ultra high risk of psychosis. Biol. Psychiatry 2010, 68:599-602.
    • (2010) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.68 , pp. 599-602
    • Stone, J.M.1
  • 116
    • 68949183330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate dysfunction in people with prodromal symptoms of psychosis: relationship to gray matter volume
    • Stone J.M., et al. Glutamate dysfunction in people with prodromal symptoms of psychosis: relationship to gray matter volume. Biol. Psychiatry 2009, 66:533-539.
    • (2009) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.66 , pp. 533-539
    • Stone, J.M.1
  • 117
    • 84864371365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy in the rat is associated with increased dopamine neuron activity
    • Cifelli P., Grace A.A. Pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy in the rat is associated with increased dopamine neuron activity. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2012, 15:957-964.
    • (2012) Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. , vol.15 , pp. 957-964
    • Cifelli, P.1    Grace, A.A.2
  • 118
    • 0014770992 scopus 로고
    • The phenomenology of experimentally induced amphetamine psychosis-preliminary observations
    • Angrist B.M., Gershon S. The phenomenology of experimentally induced amphetamine psychosis-preliminary observations. Biol. Psychiatry 1970, 2:95-107.
    • (1970) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.2 , pp. 95-107
    • Angrist, B.M.1    Gershon, S.2
  • 119
    • 0033695199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies of amphetamine or methamphetamine psychosis in Japan: relation of methamphetamine psychosis to schizophrenia
    • Yui K., et al. Studies of amphetamine or methamphetamine psychosis in Japan: relation of methamphetamine psychosis to schizophrenia. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2006, 914:1-12.
    • (2006) Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , vol.914 , pp. 1-12
    • Yui, K.1
  • 120
    • 43049094752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reward system activation in schizophrenic patients switched from typical neuroleptics to olanzapine
    • Schlagenhauf F., et al. Reward system activation in schizophrenic patients switched from typical neuroleptics to olanzapine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2008, 196:673-684.
    • (2008) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.196 , pp. 673-684
    • Schlagenhauf, F.1
  • 121
    • 47249150479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal reward system activation in mania
    • Abler B., et al. Abnormal reward system activation in mania. Neuropsychopharmacology 2008, 33:2217-2227.
    • (2008) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.33 , pp. 2217-2227
    • Abler, B.1
  • 122
    • 69049094859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered reward functions in patients on atypical antipsychotic medication in line with the revised dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia
    • Walter H., et al. Altered reward functions in patients on atypical antipsychotic medication in line with the revised dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2009, 206:121-132.
    • (2009) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.206 , pp. 121-132
    • Walter, H.1
  • 123
    • 77951976386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural correlates of reward processing in schizophrenia-relationship to apathy and depression
    • Simon J.J., et al. Neural correlates of reward processing in schizophrenia-relationship to apathy and depression. Schizophr. Res. 2010, 118:154-161.
    • (2010) Schizophr. Res. , vol.118 , pp. 154-161
    • Simon, J.J.1
  • 124
    • 75249101577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered activation in association with reward-related trial-and-error learning in patients with schizophrenia
    • Koch K., et al. Altered activation in association with reward-related trial-and-error learning in patients with schizophrenia. Neuroimage 2010, 50:223-232.
    • (2010) Neuroimage , vol.50 , pp. 223-232
    • Koch, K.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.