메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 44, Issue 2, 2014, Pages 585-596

The VH repertoire and clonal diversification of B cells in inflammatory myopathies

Author keywords

B cell; Clonal diversification; Myositis; Somatic hypermutation; V gene repertoire

Indexed keywords

ANTIGEN SPECIFICITY; ARTICLE; B LYMPHOCYTE; CD3+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CD8+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CELL EXPANSION; CELL SELECTION; DERMATOMYOSITIS; EXON; GENE AMPLIFICATION; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN TISSUE; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION; LYMPHOCYTE CLONE; LYMPHOCYTIC INFILTRATION; MUSCLE BIOPSY; POLYMYOSITIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOMATIC HYPERMUTATION;

EID: 84893543439     PISSN: 00142980     EISSN: 15214141     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343315     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (12)

References (53)
  • 1
    • 0029908563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immunopathologic and inflammatory differences between dermatomyositis, polymyositis and sporadic inclusion body myositis
    • Dalakas, M. C. and Sivakumar, K., The immunopathologic and inflammatory differences between dermatomyositis, polymyositis and sporadic inclusion body myositis. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 1996. 9: 235-239.
    • (1996) Curr. Opin. Neurol. , vol.9 , pp. 235-239
    • Dalakas, M.C.1    Sivakumar, K.2
  • 2
    • 0141651951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymyositis and dermatomyositis
    • Dalakas, M. C. and Hohlfeld, R., Polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Lancet 2003. 362(9388): 971-982.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , Issue.9388 , pp. 971-982
    • Dalakas, M.C.1    Hohlfeld, R.2
  • 3
    • 0021176654 scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal antibody analysis of mononuclear cells in myopathies. I: quantitation of subsets according to diagnosis and sites of accumulation and demonstration and counts of muscle fibers invaded by T cells
    • Arahata, K. and Engel, A. G., Monoclonal antibody analysis of mononuclear cells in myopathies. I: quantitation of subsets according to diagnosis and sites of accumulation and demonstration and counts of muscle fibers invaded by T cells. Ann. Neurol. 1984. 16: 193-208.
    • (1984) Ann. Neurol. , vol.16 , pp. 193-208
    • Arahata, K.1    Engel, A.G.2
  • 4
    • 0021142632 scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal antibody analysis of mononuclear cells in myopathies. II: phenotypes of autoinvasive cells in polymyositis and inclusion body myositis
    • Engel, A. G. and Arahata, K., Monoclonal antibody analysis of mononuclear cells in myopathies. II: phenotypes of autoinvasive cells in polymyositis and inclusion body myositis. Ann. Neurol. 1984. 16: 209-215.
    • (1984) Ann. Neurol. , vol.16 , pp. 209-215
    • Engel, A.G.1    Arahata, K.2
  • 5
    • 0011261078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditional up-regulation of MHC class I in skeletal muscle leads to self-sustaining autoimmune myositis and myositis-specific autoantibodies
    • Nagaraju, K., Raben, N., Loeffler, L., Parker, T., Rochon, P. J., Lee, E., Danning, C. et al., Conditional up-regulation of MHC class I in skeletal muscle leads to self-sustaining autoimmune myositis and myositis-specific autoantibodies. PNAS 2000. 97: 9209-9214.
    • (2000) PNAS , vol.97 , pp. 9209-9214
    • Nagaraju, K.1    Raben, N.2    Loeffler, L.3    Parker, T.4    Rochon, P.J.5    Lee, E.6    Danning, C.7
  • 8
    • 79956350423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autoantibodies against a 43 KDa muscle protein in inclusion body myositis
    • Salajegheh, M., Lam, T. and Greenberg, S. A., Autoantibodies against a 43 KDa muscle protein in inclusion body myositis. PLoS One 2011. 6: e20266.
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6
    • Salajegheh, M.1    Lam, T.2    Greenberg, S.A.3
  • 10
    • 0030070295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiation of B cells in the nonlymphoid tissue of the synovial membrane of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
    • Schroder, A. E., Greiner, A., Seyfert, C. and Berek, C., Differentiation of B cells in the nonlymphoid tissue of the synovial membrane of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PNAS 1996. 93: 221-225.
    • (1996) PNAS , vol.93 , pp. 221-225
    • Schroder, A.E.1    Greiner, A.2    Seyfert, C.3    Berek, C.4
  • 12
  • 13
    • 43349084775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-scale analysis of human heavy chain V(D)J recombination patterns
    • Volpe, J. M. and Kepler, T. B., Large-scale analysis of human heavy chain V(D)J recombination patterns. Immunome. Res. 2008. 4: 3.
    • (2008) Immunome. Res. , vol.4 , pp. 3
    • Volpe, J.M.1    Kepler, T.B.2
  • 14
    • 0036318945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age- and tissue-specific differences in human germinal center B cell selection revealed by analysis of IgVH gene hypermutation and lineage trees
    • Banerjee, M., Mehr, R., Belelovsky, A., Spencer, J. and Dunn-Walters, D. K., Age- and tissue-specific differences in human germinal center B cell selection revealed by analysis of IgVH gene hypermutation and lineage trees. Eur. J. Immunol. 2002. 32: 1947-1957.
    • (2002) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.32 , pp. 1947-1957
    • Banerjee, M.1    Mehr, R.2    Belelovsky, A.3    Spencer, J.4    Dunn-Walters, D.K.5
  • 15
    • 54249165359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antigen-driven selection in germinal centers as reflected by the shape characteristics of immunoglobulin gene lineage trees: a large-scale simulation study
    • Shahaf, G., Barak, M., Zuckerman, N. S., Swerdlin, N., Gorfine, M. and Mehr, R., Antigen-driven selection in germinal centers as reflected by the shape characteristics of immunoglobulin gene lineage trees: a large-scale simulation study. J. Theor. Biol. 2008. 255: 210-222.
    • (2008) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.255 , pp. 210-222
    • Shahaf, G.1    Barak, M.2    Zuckerman, N.S.3    Swerdlin, N.4    Gorfine, M.5    Mehr, R.6
  • 16
    • 77958142452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic hypermutation and antigen-driven selection of B cells are altered in autoimmune diseases
    • Zuckerman, N. S., Hazanov, H., Barak, M., Edelman, H., Hess, S., Shcolnik, H., Dunn-Walters, D. et al., Somatic hypermutation and antigen-driven selection of B cells are altered in autoimmune diseases. J. Autoimmun. 2010. 35: 325-335.
    • (2010) J. Autoimmun. , vol.35 , pp. 325-335
    • Zuckerman, N.S.1    Hazanov, H.2    Barak, M.3    Edelman, H.4    Hess, S.5    Shcolnik, H.6    Dunn-Walters, D.7
  • 18
    • 18644366944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intricate targeting of immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation maximizes the efficiency of affinity maturation
    • Zheng, N. Y., Wilson, K., Jared, M. and Wilson, P. C., Intricate targeting of immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation maximizes the efficiency of affinity maturation. J. Exp. Med. 2005. 201: 1467-1478.
    • (2005) J. Exp. Med. , vol.201 , pp. 1467-1478
    • Zheng, N.Y.1    Wilson, K.2    Jared, M.3    Wilson, P.C.4
  • 22
    • 77957684922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Permissive environment for B-cell maturation in myositis muscle in the absence of B-cell follicles
    • Salajegheh, M., Pinkus, J. L., Amato, A. A., Morehouse, C., Jallal, B., Yao, Y. and Greenberg, S. A., Permissive environment for B-cell maturation in myositis muscle in the absence of B-cell follicles. Muscle Nerve 2010. 42: 576-583.
    • (2010) Muscle Nerve , vol.42 , pp. 576-583
    • Salajegheh, M.1    Pinkus, J.L.2    Amato, A.A.3    Morehouse, C.4    Jallal, B.5    Yao, Y.6    Greenberg, S.A.7
  • 23
    • 23444456921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene expression profile in the muscles of patients with inflammatory myopathies: effect of therapy with IVIg and biological validation of clinically relevant genes
    • Raju, R. and Dalakas, M. C., Gene expression profile in the muscles of patients with inflammatory myopathies: effect of therapy with IVIg and biological validation of clinically relevant genes. Brain 2005. 128: 1887-1896.
    • (2005) Brain , vol.128 , pp. 1887-1896
    • Raju, R.1    Dalakas, M.C.2
  • 25
    • 0035881829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic hypermutation and selection of B cells in thymic germinal centers responding to acetylcholine receptor in Myasthenia gravis
    • Sims, G. P., Shiono, H., Willcox, N. and Stott, D. I., Somatic hypermutation and selection of B cells in thymic germinal centers responding to acetylcholine receptor in Myasthenia gravis. J. Immunol. 2001. 167: 1935-1944.
    • (2001) J. Immunol. , vol.167 , pp. 1935-1944
    • Sims, G.P.1    Shiono, H.2    Willcox, N.3    Stott, D.I.4
  • 26
    • 0242663585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular basis of ectopic germinal center formation and autoantibody production in the target organ of patients with Sjogren's syndrome
    • Salomonsson, S., Jonsson, M. V., Skarstein, K., Brokstad, K. A., Hjelmstrom, P., Wahren-Herlenius, M. and Jonsson, R., Cellular basis of ectopic germinal center formation and autoantibody production in the target organ of patients with Sjogren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 2003. 48: 3187-3201.
    • (2003) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.48 , pp. 3187-3201
    • Salomonsson, S.1    Jonsson, M.V.2    Skarstein, K.3    Brokstad, K.A.4    Hjelmstrom, P.5    Wahren-Herlenius, M.6    Jonsson, R.7
  • 27
    • 0032430377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB autoantibody-producing cells in salivary glands from patients with Sjogren's syndrome
    • Tengner, P., Halse, A. K., Haga, H. J., Jonsson, R. and Wahren-Herlenius, M., Detection of anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB autoantibody-producing cells in salivary glands from patients with Sjogren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 1998. 41: 2238-2248.
    • (1998) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.41 , pp. 2238-2248
    • Tengner, P.1    Halse, A.K.2    Haga, H.J.3    Jonsson, R.4    Wahren-Herlenius, M.5
  • 28
    • 59249104722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ectopic lymphoid structures support ongoing production of class-switched autoantibodies in rheumatoid synovium
    • Humby, F., Bombardieri, M., Manzo, A., Kelly, S., Blades, M. C., Kirkham, B., Spencer, J. et al., Ectopic lymphoid structures support ongoing production of class-switched autoantibodies in rheumatoid synovium. PLoS Med. 2009. 6: 0001-0017.
    • (2009) PLoS Med , vol.6 , pp. 0001-0017
    • Humby, F.1    Bombardieri, M.2    Manzo, A.3    Kelly, S.4    Blades, M.C.5    Kirkham, B.6    Spencer, J.7
  • 29
    • 38349049465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of murine B cell lines that undergo somatic hypermutation focused to A:T and G:C residues
    • Bhattacharya, P., Grigera, F., Rogozin, I. B., McCarty, T., Morse, H. C., III and Kenter, A. L., Identification of murine B cell lines that undergo somatic hypermutation focused to A:T and G:C residues. Eur. J. Immunol. 2008. 38: 227-239.
    • (2008) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.38 , pp. 227-239
    • Bhattacharya, P.1    Grigera, F.2    Rogozin, I.B.3    McCarty, T.4    Morse III, H.C.5    Kenter, A.L.6
  • 30
    • 33846404877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA polymerase eta is the sole contributor of A/T modifications during immunoglobulin gene hypermutation in the mouse
    • Delbos, F., Aoufouchi, S., Faili, A., Weill, J. C. and Reynaud, C. A., DNA polymerase eta is the sole contributor of A/T modifications during immunoglobulin gene hypermutation in the mouse. J. Exp. Med. 2007. 204: 17-23.
    • (2007) J. Exp. Med. , vol.204 , pp. 17-23
    • Delbos, F.1    Aoufouchi, S.2    Faili, A.3    Weill, J.C.4    Reynaud, C.A.5
  • 32
    • 33846415063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic hypermutation: activation-induced deaminase for C/G followed by polymerase eta for A/T
    • Neuberger, M. S. and Rada, C., Somatic hypermutation: activation-induced deaminase for C/G followed by polymerase eta for A/T. J. Exp. Med. 2007. 204: 7-10.
    • (2007) J. Exp. Med. , vol.204 , pp. 7-10
    • Neuberger, M.S.1    Rada, C.2
  • 33
    • 0035379581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic mutation hotspots correlate with DNA polymerase eta error spectrum
    • Rogozin, I. B., Pavlov, Y. I., Bebenek, K., Matsuda, T. and Kunkel, T. A., Somatic mutation hotspots correlate with DNA polymerase eta error spectrum. Nat. Immunol. 2001. 2: 530-536.
    • (2001) Nat. Immunol. , vol.2 , pp. 530-536
    • Rogozin, I.B.1    Pavlov, Y.I.2    Bebenek, K.3    Matsuda, T.4    Kunkel, T.A.5
  • 34
    • 33751558801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microarrays reveal distinct gene signatures in the thymus of seropositive and seronegative myasthenia gravis patients and the role of CC chemokine ligand 21 in thymic hyperplasia
    • Le Panse, R., Cizeron-Clairac, G., Bismuth, J. and Berrih-Aknin, S., Microarrays reveal distinct gene signatures in the thymus of seropositive and seronegative myasthenia gravis patients and the role of CC chemokine ligand 21 in thymic hyperplasia. J. Immunol. 2006. 177: 7868-7879.
    • (2006) J. Immunol. , vol.177 , pp. 7868-7879
    • Le Panse, R.1    Cizeron-Clairac, G.2    Bismuth, J.3    Berrih-Aknin, S.4
  • 36
    • 37849035658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sites and stages of autoreactive B cell activation and regulation
    • Shlomchik, M. J., Sites and stages of autoreactive B cell activation and regulation. Immunity 2008. 28: 18-28.
    • (2008) Immunity , vol.28 , pp. 18-28
    • Shlomchik, M.J.1
  • 37
    • 34250753331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pilot trial of rituximab in the treatment of patients with dermatomyositis
    • Chung, L., Genovese, M. C. and Fiorentino, D. F., A pilot trial of rituximab in the treatment of patients with dermatomyositis. Arch. Dermatol. 2007. 143: 763-767.
    • (2007) Arch. Dermatol. , vol.143 , pp. 763-767
    • Chung, L.1    Genovese, M.C.2    Fiorentino, D.F.3
  • 38
    • 13444278506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rituximab in the treatment of dermatomyositis: an Open-Label Pilot Study
    • Levine, T. D. M., Rituximab in the treatment of dermatomyositis: an Open-Label Pilot Study. Arthritis Rheum. 2005. 52: 601-607.
    • (2005) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.52 , pp. 601-607
    • Levine, T.D.M.1
  • 40
    • 33750964016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B cell depletion therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus: effect on autoantibody and antimicrobial antibody profiles
    • Cambridge, G., Leandro, M. J., Teodorescu, M., Manson, J., Rahman, A., Isenberg, D. A. and Edwards, J. C., B cell depletion therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus: effect on autoantibody and antimicrobial antibody profiles. Arthritis Rheum. 2006. 54: 3612-3622.
    • (2006) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.54 , pp. 3612-3622
    • Cambridge, G.1    Leandro, M.J.2    Teodorescu, M.3    Manson, J.4    Rahman, A.5    Isenberg, D.A.6    Edwards, J.C.7
  • 41
    • 34248597383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BAFF-modulated repopulation of B lymphocytes in the blood and salivary glands of rituximab-treated patients with Sjogren's syndrome
    • Pers, J. O., Devauchelle, V., Daridon, C., Bendaoud, B., Le Berre, R., Bordron, A., Hutin, P. et al., BAFF-modulated repopulation of B lymphocytes in the blood and salivary glands of rituximab-treated patients with Sjogren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 2007. 56: 1464-1477.
    • (2007) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.56 , pp. 1464-1477
    • Pers, J.O.1    Devauchelle, V.2    Daridon, C.3    Bendaoud, B.4    Le Berre, R.5    Bordron, A.6    Hutin, P.7
  • 42
    • 48449094247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IMGT/V-QUEST: the highly customized and integrated system for IG and TR standardized V-J and V-D-J sequence analysis
    • Brochet, X., Lefranc, M. P. and Giudicelli, V., IMGT/V-QUEST: the highly customized and integrated system for IG and TR standardized V-J and V-D-J sequence analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008. 36: W503-W508.
    • (2008) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.36
    • Brochet, X.1    Lefranc, M.P.2    Giudicelli, V.3
  • 43
    • 2442717677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the human Ig heavy chain antigen binding complementarity determining region 3 using a newly developed software algorithm, JOINSOLVER
    • Souto-Carneiro, M. M., Longo, N. S., Russ, D. E., Sun, H. w. and Lipsky, P. E., Characterization of the human Ig heavy chain antigen binding complementarity determining region 3 using a newly developed software algorithm, JOINSOLVER. J. Immunol. 2004. 172: 6790-6802.
    • (2004) J. Immunol. , vol.172 , pp. 6790-6802
    • Souto-Carneiro, M.M.1    Longo, N.S.2    Russ, D.E.3    Sun, H.W.4    Lipsky, P.E.5
  • 45
    • 78649767895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ig gene diversification and selection in follicular lymphoma, diffuse large B cell lymphoma and primary central nervous system lymphoma revealed by lineage tree and mutation analyses
    • Zuckerman, N. S., McCann, K. J., Ottensmeier, C. H., Barak, M., Shahaf, G., Edelman, H., Dunn-Walters, D. et al., Ig gene diversification and selection in follicular lymphoma, diffuse large B cell lymphoma and primary central nervous system lymphoma revealed by lineage tree and mutation analyses. Int. Immunol. 2010. 22: 875-887.
    • (2010) Int. Immunol. , vol.22 , pp. 875-887
    • Zuckerman, N.S.1    McCann, K.J.2    Ottensmeier, C.H.3    Barak, M.4    Shahaf, G.5    Edelman, H.6    Dunn-Walters, D.7
  • 46
    • 42949103482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved methods for detecting selection by mutation analysis of Ig V region sequences
    • Hershberg, U., Uduman, M., Shlomchik, M. J. and Kleinstein, S. H., Improved methods for detecting selection by mutation analysis of Ig V region sequences. Int. Immunol. 2008. 20: 683-694.
    • (2008) Int. Immunol. , vol.20 , pp. 683-694
    • Hershberg, U.1    Uduman, M.2    Shlomchik, M.J.3    Kleinstein, S.H.4
  • 47
    • 33846862418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel analysis of clonal diversification in blood B cell and bone marrow plasma cell clones in immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis
    • Abraham, R. S., Manske, M. K., Zuckerman, N. S., Sohni, A., Edelman, H., Shahaf, G., Timm, M. M. et al., Novel analysis of clonal diversification in blood B cell and bone marrow plasma cell clones in immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis. J. Clin. Immunol. 2007. 27: 69-87.
    • (2007) J. Clin. Immunol. , vol.27 , pp. 69-87
    • Abraham, R.S.1    Manske, M.K.2    Zuckerman, N.S.3    Sohni, A.4    Edelman, H.5    Shahaf, G.6    Timm, M.M.7
  • 48
    • 1142297508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of strand biased 'G'.C hypermutation in human immunoglobulin V(lambda) gene segments suggests that both DNA strands are targets for deamination by activation-induced cytidine deaminase
    • Boursier, L., Su, W. and Spencer, J., Analysis of strand biased 'G'.C hypermutation in human immunoglobulin V(lambda) gene segments suggests that both DNA strands are targets for deamination by activation-induced cytidine deaminase. Mol. Immunol. 2004. 40: 1273-1278.
    • (2004) Mol. Immunol. , vol.40 , pp. 1273-1278
    • Boursier, L.1    Su, W.2    Spencer, J.3
  • 49
    • 0031688707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic hypermutation of human immunoglobulin heavy chain genes: targeting of RGYW motifs on both DNA strands
    • Dorner, T., Foster, S. J., Farner, N. L. and Lipsky, P. E., Somatic hypermutation of human immunoglobulin heavy chain genes: targeting of RGYW motifs on both DNA strands. Eur. J. Immunol. 1998. 28: 3384-3396.
    • (1998) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.28 , pp. 3384-3396
    • Dorner, T.1    Foster, S.J.2    Farner, N.L.3    Lipsky, P.E.4
  • 50
    • 0036169650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of sequence and structure on the hypermutability of immunoglobulin genes
    • Michael, N., Martin, T. E., Nicolae, D., Kim, N., Padjen, K., Zhan, P., Nguyen, H. et al., Effects of sequence and structure on the hypermutability of immunoglobulin genes. Immunity 2002. 16: 123-134.
    • (2002) Immunity , vol.16 , pp. 123-134
    • Michael, N.1    Martin, T.E.2    Nicolae, D.3    Kim, N.4    Padjen, K.5    Zhan, P.6    Nguyen, H.7
  • 51
    • 1542619234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: DGYW/WRCH is a better predictor of mutability at G:C bases in Ig hypermutation than the widely accepted RGYW/WRCY motif and probably reflects a two-step activation-induced cytidine deaminase-triggered process
    • Rogozin, I. B. and Diaz, M., Cutting edge: DGYW/WRCH is a better predictor of mutability at G:C bases in Ig hypermutation than the widely accepted RGYW/WRCY motif and probably reflects a two-step activation-induced cytidine deaminase-triggered process. J. Immunol. 2004. 172: 3382-3384.
    • (2004) J. Immunol. , vol.172 , pp. 3382-3384
    • Rogozin, I.B.1    Diaz, M.2
  • 52
    • 26844567958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypermutation at A-T base pairs: the A nucleotide replacement spectrum is affected by adjacent nucleotides and there is no reverse complementarity of sequences flanking mutated A and T nucleotides
    • Spencer, J. and Dunn-Walters, D. K., Hypermutation at A-T base pairs: the A nucleotide replacement spectrum is affected by adjacent nucleotides and there is no reverse complementarity of sequences flanking mutated A and T nucleotides. J. Immunol. 2005. 175: 5170-5177.
    • (2005) J. Immunol. , vol.175 , pp. 5170-5177
    • Spencer, J.1    Dunn-Walters, D.K.2
  • 53
    • 21544482025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural evolution of a human virus-specific antibody gene repertoire by somatic hypermutation requires both hotspot-directed and randomly-directed processes
    • Weitkamp, J. H., Lafleur, B. J., Greenberg, H. B. and Crowe, J. E., Jr., Natural evolution of a human virus-specific antibody gene repertoire by somatic hypermutation requires both hotspot-directed and randomly-directed processes. Hum. Immunol. 2005. 66: 666-676.
    • (2005) Hum. Immunol. , vol.66 , pp. 666-676
    • Weitkamp, J.H.1    Lafleur, B.J.2    Greenberg, H.B.3    Crowe Jr, J.E.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.