-
1
-
-
84884907805
-
Pathology and disease mechanisms in different stages of multiple sclerosis
-
doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.05.010.
-
Lassmann H. Pathology and disease mechanisms in different stages of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2013; doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.05.010.
-
(2013)
J Neurol Sci
-
-
Lassmann, H.1
-
2
-
-
83155173565
-
Inflammatory cortical demyelination in early multiple sclerosis
-
Lucchinetti CF, Popescu BF, Bunyan RF etal. Inflammatory cortical demyelination in early multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2011; 365:2188-2197.
-
(2011)
N Engl J Med
, vol.365
, pp. 2188-2197
-
-
Lucchinetti, C.F.1
Popescu, B.F.2
Bunyan, R.F.3
-
3
-
-
84855967278
-
Immune-mediated CNS diseases: a review on nosological classification and clinical features
-
Zettl UK, Stüve O, Patejdl R. Immune-mediated CNS diseases: a review on nosological classification and clinical features. Autoimmun Rev 2012; 11:167-173.
-
(2012)
Autoimmun Rev
, vol.11
, pp. 167-173
-
-
Zettl, U.K.1
Stüve, O.2
Patejdl, R.3
-
4
-
-
77649290565
-
Neuroprotection, regeneration and immunomodulation: broadening the therapeutic repertoire in multiple sclerosis
-
Aktas O, Kieseier B, Hartung HP. Neuroprotection, regeneration and immunomodulation: broadening the therapeutic repertoire in multiple sclerosis. Trends Neurosci 2010; 33:140-152.
-
(2010)
Trends Neurosci
, vol.33
, pp. 140-152
-
-
Aktas, O.1
Kieseier, B.2
Hartung, H.P.3
-
5
-
-
84875657789
-
Recent advances in treating multiple sclerosis: efficacy, risks and place in therapy
-
Jeffery DR. Recent advances in treating multiple sclerosis: efficacy, risks and place in therapy. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2013; 4:45-51.
-
(2013)
Ther Adv Chronic Dis
, vol.4
, pp. 45-51
-
-
Jeffery, D.R.1
-
7
-
-
84866413167
-
Immune therapy of multiple sclerosis - future strategies
-
Meuth SG, Gobel K, Wiendl H. Immune therapy of multiple sclerosis - future strategies. Curr Pharm Des 2012; 18:4489-4497.
-
(2012)
Curr Pharm Des
, vol.18
, pp. 4489-4497
-
-
Meuth, S.G.1
Gobel, K.2
Wiendl, H.3
-
8
-
-
84871720707
-
Synthesis of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of multiple sclerosis: a brief overview
-
Mulakayala N, Rao P, Iqbal J, Bandichhor R, Oruganti S. Synthesis of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of multiple sclerosis: a brief overview. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 60:170-186.
-
(2013)
Eur J Med Chem
, vol.60
, pp. 170-186
-
-
Mulakayala, N.1
Rao, P.2
Iqbal, J.3
Bandichhor, R.4
Oruganti, S.5
-
9
-
-
84893407969
-
Requirement for safety monitoring for approved multiple sclerosis therapies: an overview
-
Rommer PS, Zettl UK, Kieseier B etal. Requirement for safety monitoring for approved multiple sclerosis therapies: an overview. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 175:397-407.
-
(2014)
Clin Exp Immunol
, vol.175
, pp. 397-407
-
-
Rommer, P.S.1
Zettl, U.K.2
Kieseier, B.3
-
10
-
-
78149348141
-
An overview of infectious complications in children on new biologic response-modifying agents
-
Abinun M. An overview of infectious complications in children on new biologic response-modifying agents. Pediatr Health 2010; 4:509-517.
-
(2010)
Pediatr Health
, vol.4
, pp. 509-517
-
-
Abinun, M.1
-
11
-
-
0037154192
-
Disease modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis: report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the MS Council for Clinical Practice Guidelines
-
Goodin DS, Frohman EM, Garmany GP Jr etal. Disease modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis: report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the MS Council for Clinical Practice Guidelines. Neurology 2002; 58:169-178.
-
(2002)
Neurology
, vol.58
, pp. 169-178
-
-
Goodin, D.S.1
Frohman, E.M.2
Garmany Jr., G.P.3
-
12
-
-
0034564557
-
Corticosteroids or ACTH for acute exacerbations in multiple sclerosis
-
doi: 10.1002/14651858.cd001331.
-
Filippini G, Brusaferri F, Sibley WA etal. Corticosteroids or ACTH for acute exacerbations in multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000; doi: 10.1002/14651858.cd001331.
-
(2000)
Cochrane Database Syst Rev
-
-
Filippini, G.1
Brusaferri, F.2
Sibley, W.A.3
-
13
-
-
84878797304
-
Multiple sclerosis, relapses, and the mechanism of action of adrenocorticotropic hormone
-
doi: 10.3389/fneur.2013.00021.
-
Ross AP, Ben-Zacharia A, Harris C, Smrtka J. Multiple sclerosis, relapses, and the mechanism of action of adrenocorticotropic hormone. Front Neurol 2013; doi: 10.3389/fneur.2013.00021.
-
(2013)
Front Neurol
-
-
Ross, A.P.1
Ben-Zacharia, A.2
Harris, C.3
Smrtka, J.4
-
14
-
-
3142733651
-
Pulsed intravenous methylprednisolone therapy in progressive multiple sclerosis: need for a controlled trial
-
Pirko I, Rodriguez M. Pulsed intravenous methylprednisolone therapy in progressive multiple sclerosis: need for a controlled trial. Arch Neurol 2004; 61:1148-1149.
-
(2004)
Arch Neurol
, vol.61
, pp. 1148-1149
-
-
Pirko, I.1
Rodriguez, M.2
-
15
-
-
0031817597
-
A phase II study of i.v. methylprednisolone in secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis
-
Goodkin DE, Kinkel RP, Weinstock-Guttman B etal. A phase II study of i.v. methylprednisolone in secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1998; 51:239-245.
-
(1998)
Neurology
, vol.51
, pp. 239-245
-
-
Goodkin, D.E.1
Kinkel, R.P.2
Weinstock-Guttman, B.3
-
16
-
-
76749167046
-
Secondary immunodeficiencies, including HIV infection
-
Chinen J, Shearer WT. Secondary immunodeficiencies, including HIV infection. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125:S195-203.
-
(2010)
J Allergy Clin Immunol
, vol.125
-
-
Chinen, J.1
Shearer, W.T.2
-
18
-
-
34547863538
-
Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid action and selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists
-
Stahn C, Lowenberg M, Hommes DW, Buttgereit F. Molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid action and selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2007; 275:71-78.
-
(2007)
Mol Cell Endocrinol
, vol.275
, pp. 71-78
-
-
Stahn, C.1
Lowenberg, M.2
Hommes, D.W.3
Buttgereit, F.4
-
20
-
-
0032758846
-
A randomized trial of plasma exchange in acute central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease
-
Weinshenker BG, O'Brien PC, Petterson TM etal. A randomized trial of plasma exchange in acute central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease. Ann Neurol 1999; 46:878-886.
-
(1999)
Ann Neurol
, vol.46
, pp. 878-886
-
-
Weinshenker, B.G.1
O'Brien, P.C.2
Petterson, T.M.3
-
21
-
-
23744454283
-
Relation between humoral pathological changes in multiple sclerosis and response to therapeutic plasma exchange
-
Keegan M, Konig F, McClelland R etal. Relation between humoral pathological changes in multiple sclerosis and response to therapeutic plasma exchange. Lancet 2005; 366:579-582.
-
(2005)
Lancet
, vol.366
, pp. 579-582
-
-
Keegan, M.1
Konig, F.2
McClelland, R.3
-
22
-
-
56349150992
-
Basic and escalating immunomodulatory treatments in multiple sclerosis: current therapeutic recommendations
-
Multiple Sclerosis Therapy Consensus Group
-
Multiple Sclerosis Therapy Consensus Group, Wiendl H, Toyka KV, Rieckmann P, Gold R, Hartung HP, Hohlfeld R. Basic and escalating immunomodulatory treatments in multiple sclerosis: current therapeutic recommendations. J Neurol 2008; 255:1449-1463.
-
(2008)
J Neurol
, vol.255
, pp. 1449-1463
-
-
Wiendl, H.1
Toyka, K.V.2
Rieckmann, P.3
Gold, R.4
Hartung, H.P.5
Hohlfeld, R.6
-
24
-
-
79959413897
-
Severe relapse of multiple sclerosis during plasma exchange treatment
-
Matzke B, Metze C, Winkelmann A etal. Severe relapse of multiple sclerosis during plasma exchange treatment. Mult Scler 2011; 17:759-762.
-
(2011)
Mult Scler
, vol.17
, pp. 759-762
-
-
Matzke, B.1
Metze, C.2
Winkelmann, A.3
-
25
-
-
33750282311
-
Lesion pathology predicts response to plasma exchange in secondary progressive MS
-
Zettl UK, Hartung HP, Pahnke A, Brueck W, Benecke R, Pahnke J. Lesion pathology predicts response to plasma exchange in secondary progressive MS. Neurology 2006; 67:1515-1516.
-
(2006)
Neurology
, vol.67
, pp. 1515-1516
-
-
Zettl, U.K.1
Hartung, H.P.2
Pahnke, A.3
Brueck, W.4
Benecke, R.5
Pahnke, J.6
-
26
-
-
33745809518
-
Plasma exchange in neuroimmunological disorders: part 1: rationale and treatment of inflammatory central nervous system disorders
-
Lehmann HC, Hartung HP, Hetzel GR, Stüve O, Kieseier BC. Plasma exchange in neuroimmunological disorders: part 1: rationale and treatment of inflammatory central nervous system disorders. Arch Neurol 2006; 63:930-935.
-
(2006)
Arch Neurol
, vol.63
, pp. 930-935
-
-
Lehmann, H.C.1
Hartung, H.P.2
Hetzel, G.R.3
Stüve, O.4
Kieseier, B.C.5
-
27
-
-
0019180397
-
Infectious complications with plasmapheresis in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
-
Wing EJ, Bruns FJ, Fraley DS, Segel DP, Adler S. Infectious complications with plasmapheresis in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. JAMA 1980; 244:2423-2426.
-
(1980)
JAMA
, vol.244
, pp. 2423-2426
-
-
Wing, E.J.1
Bruns, F.J.2
Fraley, D.S.3
Segel, D.P.4
Adler, S.5
-
28
-
-
0028332716
-
Therapeutic plasma exchange: complications and management
-
Mokrzycki MH, Kaplan AA. Therapeutic plasma exchange: complications and management. Am J Kidney Dis 1994; 23:817-827.
-
(1994)
Am J Kidney Dis
, vol.23
, pp. 817-827
-
-
Mokrzycki, M.H.1
Kaplan, A.A.2
-
29
-
-
0029766092
-
Nosocomial Neisseria meningitidis sepsis as a complication of plasmapheresis
-
Haugh PJ, Levy CS, Smith MA, Walshe DK. Nosocomial Neisseria meningitidis sepsis as a complication of plasmapheresis. Clin Infect Dis 1996; 22:1116-1117.
-
(1996)
Clin Infect Dis
, vol.22
, pp. 1116-1117
-
-
Haugh, P.J.1
Levy, C.S.2
Smith, M.A.3
Walshe, D.K.4
-
30
-
-
0031856826
-
Safety of plasmapheresis in the treatment of neurological disease
-
Vucic S, Davies L. Safety of plasmapheresis in the treatment of neurological disease. Aust NZ J Med 1998; 28:301-305.
-
(1998)
Aust NZ J Med
, vol.28
, pp. 301-305
-
-
Vucic, S.1
Davies, L.2
-
31
-
-
77958563498
-
Efficacy and safety of double filtration plasmapheresis in combination with interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C
-
Kaneko S, Sata M, Ide T etal. Efficacy and safety of double filtration plasmapheresis in combination with interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Hepatol Res 2010; 40:1072-1081.
-
(2010)
Hepatol Res
, vol.40
, pp. 1072-1081
-
-
Kaneko, S.1
Sata, M.2
Ide, T.3
-
32
-
-
7244244195
-
Complications of double-filtration plasmapheresis
-
Yeh JH, Chen WH, Chiu HC. Complications of double-filtration plasmapheresis. Transfusion 2004; 44:1621-1625.
-
(2004)
Transfusion
, vol.44
, pp. 1621-1625
-
-
Yeh, J.H.1
Chen, W.H.2
Chiu, H.C.3
-
33
-
-
0020048212
-
Complications of plasma exchange in neurological patients
-
Rodnitzky RL, Goeken JA. Complications of plasma exchange in neurological patients. Arch Neurol 1982; 39:350-354.
-
(1982)
Arch Neurol
, vol.39
, pp. 350-354
-
-
Rodnitzky, R.L.1
Goeken, J.A.2
-
34
-
-
0027191225
-
Plasma exchange morbidity in Guillain-Barre syndrome: results from the French prospective, randomized, multicenter study. The French Cooperative Group
-
Bouget J, Chevret S, Chastang C, Raphael JC. Plasma exchange morbidity in Guillain-Barre syndrome: results from the French prospective, randomized, multicenter study. The French Cooperative Group. Crit Care Med 1993; 21:651-658.
-
(1993)
Crit Care Med
, vol.21
, pp. 651-658
-
-
Bouget, J.1
Chevret, S.2
Chastang, C.3
Raphael, J.C.4
-
35
-
-
0023680528
-
Transmission of HIV and AIDS by plasmapheresis for Guillain-Barre syndrome
-
Boucher CA, de Gans J, van Oers R, Danner S, Goudsmit J. Transmission of HIV and AIDS by plasmapheresis for Guillain-Barre syndrome. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1988; 90:235-236.
-
(1988)
Clin Neurol Neurosurg
, vol.90
, pp. 235-236
-
-
Boucher, C.A.1
de Gans, J.2
van Oers, R.3
Danner, S.4
Goudsmit, J.5
-
36
-
-
65549165903
-
Interferons and viral infections
-
Fensterl V, Sen GC. Interferons and viral infections. Biofactors 2009; 35:14-20.
-
(2009)
Biofactors
, vol.35
, pp. 14-20
-
-
Fensterl, V.1
Sen, G.C.2
-
37
-
-
84862552965
-
Elevated type I interferon-like activity in a subset of multiple sclerosis patients: molecular basis and clinical relevance
-
doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-140.
-
Hundeshagen A, Hecker M, Paap BK etal. Elevated type I interferon-like activity in a subset of multiple sclerosis patients: molecular basis and clinical relevance. J Neuroinflammation 2012; doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-140.
-
(2012)
J Neuroinflammation
-
-
Hundeshagen, A.1
Hecker, M.2
Paap, B.K.3
-
38
-
-
84455207166
-
Network analysis of transcriptional regulation in response to intramuscular interferon-beta-1a multiple sclerosis treatment
-
Hecker M, Goertsches RH, Fatum C etal. Network analysis of transcriptional regulation in response to intramuscular interferon-beta-1a multiple sclerosis treatment. Pharmacogenomics J 2012; 12:360.
-
(2012)
Pharmacogenomics J
, vol.12
, pp. 360
-
-
Hecker, M.1
Goertsches, R.H.2
Fatum, C.3
-
39
-
-
0032080646
-
Promiscuous binding of synthetic copolymer 1 to purified HLA-DR molecules
-
Fridkis-Hareli M, Strominger JL. Promiscuous binding of synthetic copolymer 1 to purified HLA-DR molecules. J Immunol 1998; 160:4386-4397.
-
(1998)
J Immunol
, vol.160
, pp. 4386-4397
-
-
Fridkis-Hareli, M.1
Strominger, J.L.2
-
40
-
-
0036845819
-
Glatiramer acetate-specific T-helper 1- and 2-type cell lines produce BDNF: implications for multiple sclerosis therapy. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
-
Ziemssen T, Kumpfel T, Klinkert WE, Neuhaus O, Hohlfeld R. Glatiramer acetate-specific T-helper 1- and 2-type cell lines produce BDNF: implications for multiple sclerosis therapy. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Brain 2002; 125:2381-2391.
-
(2002)
Brain
, vol.125
, pp. 2381-2391
-
-
Ziemssen, T.1
Kumpfel, T.2
Klinkert, W.E.3
Neuhaus, O.4
Hohlfeld, R.5
-
41
-
-
18144387626
-
Induction of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells by copolymer-I through activation of transcription factor Foxp3
-
Hong J, Li N, Zhang X, Zheng B, Zhang JZ. Induction of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells by copolymer-I through activation of transcription factor Foxp3. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005; 102:6449-6454.
-
(2005)
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
, vol.102
, pp. 6449-6454
-
-
Hong, J.1
Li, N.2
Zhang, X.3
Zheng, B.4
Zhang, J.Z.5
-
42
-
-
0029082566
-
Copolymer 1 reduces relapse rate and improves disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results of a phase III multicenter, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. The Copolymer 1 Multiple Sclerosis Study Group
-
Johnson KP, Brooks BR, Cohen JA etal. Copolymer 1 reduces relapse rate and improves disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results of a phase III multicenter, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. The Copolymer 1 Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Neurology 1995; 45:1268-1276.
-
(1995)
Neurology
, vol.45
, pp. 1268-1276
-
-
Johnson, K.P.1
Brooks, B.R.2
Cohen, J.A.3
-
43
-
-
6844254570
-
Extended use of glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) is well tolerated and maintains its clinical effect on multiple sclerosis relapse rate and degree of disability. Copolymer 1 Multiple Sclerosis Study Group
-
Johnson KP, Brooks BR, Cohen JA etal. Extended use of glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) is well tolerated and maintains its clinical effect on multiple sclerosis relapse rate and degree of disability. Copolymer 1 Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Neurology 1998; 50:701-708.
-
(1998)
Neurology
, vol.50
, pp. 701-708
-
-
Johnson, K.P.1
Brooks, B.R.2
Cohen, J.A.3
-
44
-
-
84860305280
-
Glatiramer acetate for treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
-
Johnson KP. Glatiramer acetate for treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Expert Rev Neurother 2012; 12:371-384.
-
(2012)
Expert Rev Neurother
, vol.12
, pp. 371-384
-
-
Johnson, K.P.1
-
45
-
-
84877064892
-
Immunotherapy of multiple sclerosis: the state of the art
-
Karussis D. Immunotherapy of multiple sclerosis: the state of the art. BioDrugs 2013; 27:113-148.
-
(2013)
BioDrugs
, vol.27
, pp. 113-148
-
-
Karussis, D.1
-
46
-
-
84879780889
-
The structure and function of the S1P1 receptor
-
O'Sullivan C, Dev KK. The structure and function of the S1P1 receptor. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2013; 34:401-412.
-
(2013)
Trends Pharmacol Sci
, vol.34
, pp. 401-412
-
-
O'Sullivan, C.1
Dev, K.K.2
-
47
-
-
79955455801
-
Mechanisms of fingolimod's efficacy and adverse effects in multiple sclerosis
-
Cohen JA, Chun J. Mechanisms of fingolimod's efficacy and adverse effects in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2011; 69:759-777.
-
(2011)
Ann Neurol
, vol.69
, pp. 759-777
-
-
Cohen, J.A.1
Chun, J.2
-
48
-
-
76149093586
-
A placebo-controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis
-
Kappos L, Radue EW, O'Connor P etal. A placebo-controlled trial of oral fingolimod in relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2010; 362:387-401.
-
(2010)
N Engl J Med
, vol.362
, pp. 387-401
-
-
Kappos, L.1
Radue, E.W.2
O'Connor, P.3
-
49
-
-
76149140914
-
Oral fingolimod or intramuscular interferon for relapsing multiple sclerosis
-
Cohen JA, Barkhof F, Comi G etal. Oral fingolimod or intramuscular interferon for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2010; 362:402-415.
-
(2010)
N Engl J Med
, vol.362
, pp. 402-415
-
-
Cohen, J.A.1
Barkhof, F.2
Comi, G.3
-
50
-
-
84855410645
-
Fingolimod treatment for multiple sclerosis patients. What do we do with varicella?
-
author reply 4.
-
Winkelmann A, Loebermann M, Reisinger EC, Hartung HP, Zettl UK. Fingolimod treatment for multiple sclerosis patients. What do we do with varicella? Ann Neurol 2011; 70:673-674; author reply 4.
-
(2011)
Ann Neurol
, vol.70
, pp. 673-674
-
-
Winkelmann, A.1
Loebermann, M.2
Reisinger, E.C.3
Hartung, H.P.4
Zettl, U.K.5
-
51
-
-
84866423965
-
Placebo-controlled phase 3 study of oral BG-12 for relapsing multiple sclerosis
-
Gold R, Kappos L, Arnold DL etal. Placebo-controlled phase 3 study of oral BG-12 for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2012; 367:1098-1107.
-
(2012)
N Engl J Med
, vol.367
, pp. 1098-1107
-
-
Gold, R.1
Kappos, L.2
Arnold, D.L.3
-
52
-
-
84866355653
-
Placebo-controlled phase 3 study of oral BG-12 or glatiramer in multiple sclerosis
-
Fox RJ, Miller DH, Phillips JT etal. Placebo-controlled phase 3 study of oral BG-12 or glatiramer in multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2012; 367:1087-1097.
-
(2012)
N Engl J Med
, vol.367
, pp. 1087-1097
-
-
Fox, R.J.1
Miller, D.H.2
Phillips, J.T.3
-
53
-
-
84893356539
-
-
EMA. Tecfidera (web page), Available at: (accessed 29 April 2013).
-
EMA. Tecfidera (web page), 2013. Available at: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Summary_of_opinion_-_Initial_authorisation/human/002601/WC500140695.pdf (accessed 29 April 2013).
-
(2013)
-
-
-
54
-
-
84887059720
-
-
Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (web page), Available at: (accessed 23 August 2013).
-
Food and Drug Administration (FDA). FDA approves new multiple sclerosis treatment: Tecfidera (web page), 2013. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm345528.htm (accessed 23 August 2013).
-
(2013)
FDA approves new multiple sclerosis treatment: Tecfidera
-
-
-
55
-
-
20244383720
-
Antipsoriatic effect of fumaric acid derivatives. Results of a multicenter double-blind study in 100 patients
-
Altmeyer PJ, Matthes U, Pawlak F etal. Antipsoriatic effect of fumaric acid derivatives. Results of a multicenter double-blind study in 100 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994; 30:977-981.
-
(1994)
J Am Acad Dermatol
, vol.30
, pp. 977-981
-
-
Altmeyer, P.J.1
Matthes, U.2
Pawlak, F.3
-
56
-
-
84856233793
-
Fumaric acid and its esters: an emerging treatment for multiple sclerosis with antioxidative mechanism of action
-
Gold R, Linker RA, Stangel M. Fumaric acid and its esters: an emerging treatment for multiple sclerosis with antioxidative mechanism of action. Clin Immunol 2012; 142:44-48.
-
(2012)
Clin Immunol
, vol.142
, pp. 44-48
-
-
Gold, R.1
Linker, R.A.2
Stangel, M.3
-
57
-
-
54149116366
-
Efficacy and safety of oral fumarate in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIb study
-
Kappos L, Gold R, Miller DH etal. Efficacy and safety of oral fumarate in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIb study. Lancet 2008; 372:1463-1472.
-
(2008)
Lancet
, vol.372
, pp. 1463-1472
-
-
Kappos, L.1
Gold, R.2
Miller, D.H.3
-
58
-
-
84876539679
-
PML in a patient treated with fumaric acid
-
Ermis U, Weis J, Schulz JB. PML in a patient treated with fumaric acid. N Engl J Med 2013; 368:1657-1658.
-
(2013)
N Engl J Med
, vol.368
, pp. 1657-1658
-
-
Ermis, U.1
Weis, J.2
Schulz, J.B.3
-
59
-
-
84876591025
-
PML in a patient treated with dimethyl fumarate from a compounding pharmacy
-
van Oosten BW, Killestein J, Barkhof F, Polman CH, Wattjes MP. PML in a patient treated with dimethyl fumarate from a compounding pharmacy. N Engl J Med 2013; 368:1658-1659.
-
(2013)
N Engl J Med
, vol.368
, pp. 1658-1659
-
-
van Oosten, B.W.1
Killestein, J.2
Barkhof, F.3
Polman, C.H.4
Wattjes, M.P.5
-
60
-
-
84876563740
-
Manufacturer's response to case reports of PML
-
Sweetser MT, Dawson KT, Bozic C. Manufacturer's response to case reports of PML. N Engl J Med 2013; 368:1659-1661.
-
(2013)
N Engl J Med
, vol.368
, pp. 1659-1661
-
-
Sweetser, M.T.1
Dawson, K.T.2
Bozic, C.3
-
61
-
-
84893410227
-
Adverse events database, query words: "Fumaderm" and "Progressive Multifokale Lekenzephalopathie"
-
Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (BfArM) [Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices]. Available at: (accessed 22 April 2013).
-
Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte (BfArM) [Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices]. Adverse events database, query words: "Fumaderm" and "Progressive Multifokale Lekenzephalopathie", 2013. Available at: http://www.bfarm.de/DE/Pharmakovigilanz/uaw-db/uaw-db-node.html (accessed 22 April 2013).
-
(2013)
-
-
-
62
-
-
0032804664
-
Mechanism of action for leflunomide in rheumatoid arthritis
-
Fox RI, Herrmann ML, Frangou CG etal. Mechanism of action for leflunomide in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Immunol 1999; 93:198-208.
-
(1999)
Clin Immunol
, vol.93
, pp. 198-208
-
-
Fox, R.I.1
Herrmann, M.L.2
Frangou, C.G.3
-
63
-
-
84893382435
-
-
Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Available at: (accessed 12 August 2013).
-
Food and Drug Administration (FDA). FDA approves new multiple sclerosis treatment Aubagio, 2012. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm319277.htm (accessed 12 August 2013).
-
(2012)
FDA approves new multiple sclerosis treatment Aubagio
-
-
-
64
-
-
84893353568
-
-
European Medicines Agency (EMA). Aubagio (web page), Available at: (accessed 20 August 2013).
-
European Medicines Agency (EMA). Aubagio (web page), 2013. Available at: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Summary_of_opinion_-_Initial_authorisation/human/002514/WC500140690.pdf (accessed 20 August 2013).
-
(2013)
-
-
-
65
-
-
80053533877
-
Randomized trial of oral teriflunomide for relapsing multiple sclerosis
-
O'Connor P, Wolinsky JS, Confavreux C etal. Randomized trial of oral teriflunomide for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2011; 365:1293-1303.
-
(2011)
N Engl J Med
, vol.365
, pp. 1293-1303
-
-
O'Connor, P.1
Wolinsky, J.S.2
Confavreux, C.3
-
66
-
-
84877888607
-
An update of teriflunomide for treatment of multiple sclerosis
-
Oh J, O'Connor PW. An update of teriflunomide for treatment of multiple sclerosis. Ther Clin Risk Manage 2013; 9:177-190.
-
(2013)
Ther Clin Risk Manage
, vol.9
, pp. 177-190
-
-
Oh, J.1
O'Connor, P.W.2
-
67
-
-
33645799680
-
A Phase II study of the safety and efficacy of teriflunomide in multiple sclerosis with relapses
-
O'Connor PW, Li D, Freedman MS etal. A Phase II study of the safety and efficacy of teriflunomide in multiple sclerosis with relapses. Neurology 2006; 66:894-900.
-
(2006)
Neurology
, vol.66
, pp. 894-900
-
-
O'Connor, P.W.1
Li, D.2
Freedman, M.S.3
-
68
-
-
84860199056
-
Long-term follow-up of a phase 2 study of oral teriflunomide in relapsing multiple sclerosis: safety and efficacy results up to 8.5 years
-
Confavreux C, Li DK, Freedman MS etal. Long-term follow-up of a phase 2 study of oral teriflunomide in relapsing multiple sclerosis: safety and efficacy results up to 8.5 years. Mult Scler 2012; 18:1278-1289.
-
(2012)
Mult Scler
, vol.18
, pp. 1278-1289
-
-
Confavreux, C.1
Li, D.K.2
Freedman, M.S.3
-
69
-
-
79958770585
-
Insight into the mechanism of laquinimod action
-
Bruck W, Wegner C. Insight into the mechanism of laquinimod action. J Neurol Sci 2011; 306:173-179.
-
(2011)
J Neurol Sci
, vol.306
, pp. 173-179
-
-
Bruck, W.1
Wegner, C.2
-
70
-
-
0036710356
-
The new orally active immunoregulator laquinimod (ABR-215062) effectively inhibits development and relapses of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
-
Brunmark C, Runstrom A, Ohlsson L etal. The new orally active immunoregulator laquinimod (ABR-215062) effectively inhibits development and relapses of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2002; 130:163-172.
-
(2002)
J Neuroimmunol
, vol.130
, pp. 163-172
-
-
Brunmark, C.1
Runstrom, A.2
Ohlsson, L.3
-
71
-
-
77951218761
-
Laquinimod suppress antigen presentation in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: in-vitro high-throughput gene expression study
-
Gurevich M, Gritzman T, Orbach R, Tuller T, Feldman A, Achiron A. Laquinimod suppress antigen presentation in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: in-vitro high-throughput gene expression study. J Neuroimmunol 2010; 221:87-94.
-
(2010)
J Neuroimmunol
, vol.221
, pp. 87-94
-
-
Gurevich, M.1
Gritzman, T.2
Orbach, R.3
Tuller, T.4
Feldman, A.5
Achiron, A.6
-
72
-
-
15244353263
-
Treatment with laquinimod reduces development of active MRI lesions in relapsing MS
-
Laquinimod in Relapsing MSSG.
-
Polman C, Barkhof F, Sandberg-Wollheim M, Linde A, Nordle O, Nederman T, Laquinimod in Relapsing MSSG. Treatment with laquinimod reduces development of active MRI lesions in relapsing MS. Neurology 2005; 64:987-991.
-
(2005)
Neurology
, vol.64
, pp. 987-991
-
-
Polman, C.1
Barkhof, F.2
Sandberg-Wollheim, M.3
Linde, A.4
Nordle, O.5
Nederman, T.6
-
73
-
-
45249107267
-
Effect of laquinimod on MRI-monitored disease activity in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIb study
-
Comi G, Pulizzi A, Rovaris M etal. Effect of laquinimod on MRI-monitored disease activity in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIb study. Lancet 2008; 371:2085-2092.
-
(2008)
Lancet
, vol.371
, pp. 2085-2092
-
-
Comi, G.1
Pulizzi, A.2
Rovaris, M.3
-
74
-
-
84858217865
-
Placebo-controlled trial of oral laquinimod for multiple sclerosis
-
Comi G, Jeffery D, Kappos L etal. Placebo-controlled trial of oral laquinimod for multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2012; 366:1000-1009.
-
(2012)
N Engl J Med
, vol.366
, pp. 1000-1009
-
-
Comi, G.1
Jeffery, D.2
Kappos, L.3
-
75
-
-
84893425255
-
®)
-
Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Available at: (accessed 20 August 2013).
-
®), 2012. Available at: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00605215 (accessed 20 August 2013).
-
(2012)
-
-
-
76
-
-
78449302875
-
Oral laquinimod in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: 36-week double-blind active extension of the multi-centre, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group placebo-controlled study
-
Comi G, Abramsky O, Arbizu T etal. Oral laquinimod in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: 36-week double-blind active extension of the multi-centre, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group placebo-controlled study. Mult Scler 2010; 16:1360-1366.
-
(2010)
Mult Scler
, vol.16
, pp. 1360-1366
-
-
Comi, G.1
Abramsky, O.2
Arbizu, T.3
-
77
-
-
43249103954
-
Getting specific: monoclonal antibodies in multiple sclerosis
-
Lutterotti A, Martin R. Getting specific: monoclonal antibodies in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 2008; 7:538-547.
-
(2008)
Lancet Neurol
, vol.7
, pp. 538-547
-
-
Lutterotti, A.1
Martin, R.2
-
78
-
-
84866345794
-
Monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of neuroimmunological diseases
-
Rommer PS, Patejdl R, Zettl UK. Monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of neuroimmunological diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2012; 18:4498-4507.
-
(2012)
Curr Pharm Des
, vol.18
, pp. 4498-4507
-
-
Rommer, P.S.1
Patejdl, R.2
Zettl, U.K.3
-
79
-
-
79955825182
-
Safety and clinical outcomes of rituximab therapy in patients with different autoimmune diseases: experience from a national registry (GRAID)
-
Tony HP, Burmester G, Schulze-Koops H etal. Safety and clinical outcomes of rituximab therapy in patients with different autoimmune diseases: experience from a national registry (GRAID). Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:R75.
-
(2011)
Arthritis Res Ther
, vol.13
-
-
Tony, H.P.1
Burmester, G.2
Schulze-Koops, H.3
-
80
-
-
0033552391
-
Pulsed monoclonal antibody treatment and autoimmune thyroid disease in multiple sclerosis
-
Coles AJ, Wing M, Smith S etal. Pulsed monoclonal antibody treatment and autoimmune thyroid disease in multiple sclerosis. Lancet 1999; 354:1691-1695.
-
(1999)
Lancet
, vol.354
, pp. 1691-1695
-
-
Coles, A.J.1
Wing, M.2
Smith, S.3
-
81
-
-
31544467633
-
The window of therapeutic opportunity in multiple sclerosis: evidence from monoclonal antibody therapy
-
Coles AJ, Cox A, Le Page E etal. The window of therapeutic opportunity in multiple sclerosis: evidence from monoclonal antibody therapy. J Neurol 2006; 253:98-108.
-
(2006)
J Neurol
, vol.253
, pp. 98-108
-
-
Coles, A.J.1
Cox, A.2
Le Page, E.3
-
82
-
-
84893417099
-
A study of ocrelizumab in comparison with interferon beta-1a (Rebif) in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis
-
ClinicalTrials. NCT01412333, Available at: (accessed 24 April 2013).
-
ClinicalTrials. A study of ocrelizumab in comparison with interferon beta-1a (Rebif) in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. NCT01412333, 2013. Available at: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01412333?term=NCT01412333&rank=1 (accessed 24 April 2013).
-
(2013)
-
-
-
83
-
-
84893417099
-
A study of ocrelizumab in comparison with interferon beta-1a (Rebif) in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis
-
ClinicalTrials. NCT01247324, Available at: (accessed 20 August 2013).
-
ClinicalTrials. A study of ocrelizumab in comparison with interferon beta-1a (Rebif) in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis NCT01247324, 2013. Available at: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01247324?term=NCT01247324&rank=1 (accessed 20 August 2013).
-
(2013)
-
-
-
84
-
-
84893362793
-
A study of ocrelizumab in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis
-
ClinicalTrials. NCT01194570, Available at: (accessed 24 April 2013).
-
ClinicalTrials. A study of ocrelizumab in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis NCT01194570, 2013. Available at: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01194570?term=NCT01194570&rank=1 (accessed 24 April 2013).
-
(2013)
-
-
-
85
-
-
84893411601
-
Ofatumumab dose-finding in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients
-
ClinicalTrials. (OMS115102) NCT00640328, Available at: (accessed 24 April 2013).
-
ClinicalTrials. Ofatumumab dose-finding in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients (OMS115102) NCT00640328, 2013. Available at: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00640328?term=NCT00640328&rank=1 (accessed 24 April 2013).
-
(2013)
-
-
-
86
-
-
84893416929
-
Ofatumumab subcutaneous administration in subjects with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
-
ClinicalTrials. (MIRROR) NCT01457924, Available at: (accessed 29 April 2013).
-
ClinicalTrials. Ofatumumab subcutaneous administration in subjects with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MIRROR) NCT01457924, 2013. Available at: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01457924?term=NCT01457924&rank=1 (accessed 29 April 2013).
-
(2013)
-
-
-
87
-
-
84874592146
-
Treating multiple sclerosis with monoclonal antibodies: a 2013 update
-
Deiss A, Brecht I, Haarmann A, Buttmann M. Treating multiple sclerosis with monoclonal antibodies: a 2013 update. Expert Rev Neurother 2013; 13:313-335.
-
(2013)
Expert Rev Neurother
, vol.13
, pp. 313-335
-
-
Deiss, A.1
Brecht, I.2
Haarmann, A.3
Buttmann, M.4
-
88
-
-
0030882355
-
Humanization of a mouse antibody against human alpha-4 integrin: a potential therapeutic for the treatment of multiple sclerosis
-
Leger OJ, Yednock TA, Tanner L etal. Humanization of a mouse antibody against human alpha-4 integrin: a potential therapeutic for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Hum Antibodies 1997; 8:3-16.
-
(1997)
Hum Antibodies
, vol.8
, pp. 3-16
-
-
Leger, O.J.1
Yednock, T.A.2
Tanner, L.3
-
89
-
-
67349250932
-
The efficacy of natalizumab in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: subgroup analyses of AFFIRM and SENTINEL
-
Hutchinson M, Kappos L, Calabresi PA etal. The efficacy of natalizumab in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: subgroup analyses of AFFIRM and SENTINEL. J Neurol 2009; 256:405-415.
-
(2009)
J Neurol
, vol.256
, pp. 405-415
-
-
Hutchinson, M.1
Kappos, L.2
Calabresi, P.A.3
-
90
-
-
60049089535
-
Effect of natalizumab on clinical and radiological disease activity in multiple sclerosis: a retrospective analysis of the Natalizumab Safety and Efficacy in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (AFFIRM) study
-
Havrdova E, Galetta S, Hutchinson M etal. Effect of natalizumab on clinical and radiological disease activity in multiple sclerosis: a retrospective analysis of the Natalizumab Safety and Efficacy in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (AFFIRM) study. Lancet Neurol 2009; 8:254-260.
-
(2009)
Lancet Neurol
, vol.8
, pp. 254-260
-
-
Havrdova, E.1
Galetta, S.2
Hutchinson, M.3
-
91
-
-
33644608613
-
Natalizumab plus interferon beta-1a for relapsing multiple sclerosis
-
Rudick RA, Stuart WH, Calabresi PA etal. Natalizumab plus interferon beta-1a for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2006; 354:911-923.
-
(2006)
N Engl J Med
, vol.354
, pp. 911-923
-
-
Rudick, R.A.1
Stuart, W.H.2
Calabresi, P.A.3
-
92
-
-
77955031189
-
Natalizumab and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: what are the causal factors and can it be avoided?
-
Warnke C, Menge T, Hartung HP etal. Natalizumab and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: what are the causal factors and can it be avoided? Arch Neurol 2010; 67:923-930.
-
(2010)
Arch Neurol
, vol.67
, pp. 923-930
-
-
Warnke, C.1
Menge, T.2
Hartung, H.P.3
-
93
-
-
77949279537
-
Natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with multiple sclerosis: lessons from 28 cases
-
Clifford DB, De Luca A, Simpson DM, Arendt G, Giovannoni G, Nath A. Natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with multiple sclerosis: lessons from 28 cases. Lancet Neurol 2010; 9:438-446.
-
(2010)
Lancet Neurol
, vol.9
, pp. 438-446
-
-
Clifford, D.B.1
De Luca, A.2
Simpson, D.M.3
Arendt, G.4
Giovannoni, G.5
Nath, A.6
-
94
-
-
66149083981
-
Identification and characterization of mefloquine efficacy against JC virus in vitro
-
Brickelmaier M, Lugovskoy A, Kartikeyan R etal. Identification and characterization of mefloquine efficacy against JC virus in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:1840-1849.
-
(2009)
Antimicrob Agents Chemother
, vol.53
, pp. 1840-1849
-
-
Brickelmaier, M.1
Lugovskoy, A.2
Kartikeyan, R.3
-
95
-
-
8844269161
-
The human polyomavirus, JCV, uses serotonin receptors to infect cells
-
Elphick GF, Querbes W, Jordan JA etal. The human polyomavirus, JCV, uses serotonin receptors to infect cells. Science 2004; 306:1380-1383.
-
(2004)
Science
, vol.306
, pp. 1380-1383
-
-
Elphick, G.F.1
Querbes, W.2
Jordan, J.A.3
-
96
-
-
60549087519
-
Mirtazapine use in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
-
Cettomai D, McArthur JC. Mirtazapine use in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Arch Neurol 2009; 66:255-258.
-
(2009)
Arch Neurol
, vol.66
, pp. 255-258
-
-
Cettomai, D.1
McArthur, J.C.2
-
97
-
-
78149481209
-
Successful management of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and immune reconstitution syndrome in a patient with multiple sclerosis
-
Schroder A, Lee DH, Hellwig K, Lukas C, Linker RA, Gold R. Successful management of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and immune reconstitution syndrome in a patient with multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2010; 67:1391-1394.
-
(2010)
Arch Neurol
, vol.67
, pp. 1391-1394
-
-
Schroder, A.1
Lee, D.H.2
Hellwig, K.3
Lukas, C.4
Linker, R.A.5
Gold, R.6
-
98
-
-
84856724312
-
Risk stratification for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients treated with natalizumab
-
Sorensen PS, Bertolotto A, Edan G etal. Risk stratification for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients treated with natalizumab. Mult Scler 2012; 18:143-152.
-
(2012)
Mult Scler
, vol.18
, pp. 143-152
-
-
Sorensen, P.S.1
Bertolotto, A.2
Edan, G.3
-
99
-
-
84861022041
-
Risk of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
-
Bloomgren G, Richman S, Hotermans C etal. Risk of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. N Engl J Med 2012; 366:1870-1880.
-
(2012)
N Engl J Med
, vol.366
, pp. 1870-1880
-
-
Bloomgren, G.1
Richman, S.2
Hotermans, C.3
-
100
-
-
84893378247
-
-
Biogen Idec. Available at: (accessed 7 October 2013).
-
Biogen Idec. TYSABRI® (natalizumab) injection - full prescribing information, 2012. Available at: http://www.tysabri.com/en_US/tysb/site/pdfs/TYSABRI-pi.pdf (accessed 7 October 2013).
-
(2012)
TYSABRI® (natalizumab) injection - full prescribing information
-
-
-
101
-
-
27944439639
-
Lymphocyte homeostasis following therapeutic lymphocyte depletion in multiple sclerosis
-
Cox AL, Thompson SA, Jones JL etal. Lymphocyte homeostasis following therapeutic lymphocyte depletion in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Immunol 2005; 35:3332-3342.
-
(2005)
Eur J Immunol
, vol.35
, pp. 3332-3342
-
-
Cox, A.L.1
Thompson, S.A.2
Jones, J.L.3
-
102
-
-
68849084141
-
IL-21 drives secondary autoimmunity in patients with multiple sclerosis, following therapeutic lymphocyte depletion with alemtuzumab (Campath-1H)
-
Jones JL, Phuah CL, Cox AL etal. IL-21 drives secondary autoimmunity in patients with multiple sclerosis, following therapeutic lymphocyte depletion with alemtuzumab (Campath-1H). J Clin Invest 2009; 119:2052-2061.
-
(2009)
J Clin Invest
, vol.119
, pp. 2052-2061
-
-
Jones, J.L.1
Phuah, C.L.2
Cox, A.L.3
-
103
-
-
77249114139
-
B-cell reconstitution and BAFF after alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) treatment of multiple sclerosis
-
Thompson SA, Jones JL, Cox AL, Compston DA, Coles AJ. B-cell reconstitution and BAFF after alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) treatment of multiple sclerosis. J Clin Immunol 2010; 30:99-105.
-
(2010)
J Clin Immunol
, vol.30
, pp. 99-105
-
-
Thompson, S.A.1
Jones, J.L.2
Cox, A.L.3
Compston, D.A.4
Coles, A.J.5
-
104
-
-
84869492471
-
Alemtuzumab versus interferon beta 1a as first-line treatment for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial
-
Cohen JA, Coles AJ, Arnold DL etal. Alemtuzumab versus interferon beta 1a as first-line treatment for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet 2012; 380:1819-1828.
-
(2012)
Lancet
, vol.380
, pp. 1819-1828
-
-
Cohen, J.A.1
Coles, A.J.2
Arnold, D.L.3
-
105
-
-
84869507357
-
Alemtuzumab for patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis after disease-modifying therapy: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial
-
Coles AJ, Twyman CL, Arnold DL etal. Alemtuzumab for patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis after disease-modifying therapy: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet 2012; 380:1829-1839.
-
(2012)
Lancet
, vol.380
, pp. 1829-1839
-
-
Coles, A.J.1
Twyman, C.L.2
Arnold, D.L.3
-
106
-
-
84893364562
-
-
European Medicines Agency (EMA). Available at: (accessed 23 August 2013).
-
European Medicines Agency (EMA). Summary of opinion 1. Lemtrada (Alemtuzumab), 2013. Available at: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Summary_of_opinion_-_Initial_authorisation/human/003718/WC500144904.pdf (accessed 23 August 2013).
-
(2013)
Summary of opinion 1. Lemtrada (Alemtuzumab)
-
-
-
107
-
-
39049142995
-
B-cell depletion with rituximab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
-
Hauser SL, Waubant E, Arnold DL etal. B-cell depletion with rituximab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2008; 358:676-688.
-
(2008)
N Engl J Med
, vol.358
, pp. 676-688
-
-
Hauser, S.L.1
Waubant, E.2
Arnold, D.L.3
-
108
-
-
79953905710
-
Risk of infection in patients with lymphoma receiving rituximab: systematic review and meta-analysis
-
Lanini S, Molloy AC, Fine PE, Prentice AG, Ippolito G, Kibbler CC. Risk of infection in patients with lymphoma receiving rituximab: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med 2011; 9:36.
-
(2011)
BMC Med
, vol.9
, pp. 36
-
-
Lanini, S.1
Molloy, A.C.2
Fine, P.E.3
Prentice, A.G.4
Ippolito, G.5
Kibbler, C.C.6
-
109
-
-
79955104055
-
Immunological risk factors for infection after immunosuppressive and biologic therapies
-
Carbone J, del Pozo N, Gallego A, Sarmiento E. Immunological risk factors for infection after immunosuppressive and biologic therapies. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2011; 9:405-413.
-
(2011)
Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther
, vol.9
, pp. 405-413
-
-
Carbone, J.1
del Pozo, N.2
Gallego, A.3
Sarmiento, E.4
-
110
-
-
70449418132
-
Rituximab in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis: results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter trial
-
Hawker K, O'Connor P, Freedman MS etal. Rituximab in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis: results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Ann Neurol 2009; 66:460-471.
-
(2009)
Ann Neurol
, vol.66
, pp. 460-471
-
-
Hawker, K.1
O'Connor, P.2
Freedman, M.S.3
-
111
-
-
65249138318
-
Effect of anti-CD25 antibody daclizumab in the inhibition of inflammation and stabilization of disease progression in multiple sclerosis
-
Bielekova B, Howard T, Packer AN etal. Effect of anti-CD25 antibody daclizumab in the inhibition of inflammation and stabilization of disease progression in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2009; 66:483-489.
-
(2009)
Arch Neurol
, vol.66
, pp. 483-489
-
-
Bielekova, B.1
Howard, T.2
Packer, A.N.3
-
112
-
-
84873145686
-
Daclizumab therapy for multiple sclerosis
-
Bielekova B. Daclizumab therapy for multiple sclerosis. Neurotherapeutics 2013; 10:55-67.
-
(2013)
Neurotherapeutics
, vol.10
, pp. 55-67
-
-
Bielekova, B.1
-
113
-
-
34548142973
-
Daclizumab phase II trial in relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis: MRI and clinical results
-
Rose JW, Burns JB, Bjorklund J, Klein J, Watt HE, Carlson NG. Daclizumab phase II trial in relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis: MRI and clinical results. Neurology 2007; 69:785-789.
-
(2007)
Neurology
, vol.69
, pp. 785-789
-
-
Rose, J.W.1
Burns, J.B.2
Bjorklund, J.3
Klein, J.4
Watt, H.E.5
Carlson, N.G.6
-
114
-
-
77949301468
-
Daclizumab in active relapsing multiple sclerosis (CHOICE study): a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, add-on trial with interferon beta
-
Wynn D, Kaufman M, Montalban X etal. Daclizumab in active relapsing multiple sclerosis (CHOICE study): a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, add-on trial with interferon beta. Lancet Neurol 2010; 9:381-390.
-
(2010)
Lancet Neurol
, vol.9
, pp. 381-390
-
-
Wynn, D.1
Kaufman, M.2
Montalban, X.3
-
116
-
-
84879239117
-
Daclizumab high-yield process in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (SELECT): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
-
Gold R, Giovannoni G, Selmaj K etal. Daclizumab high-yield process in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (SELECT): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2013; 381:2167-2175.
-
(2013)
Lancet
, vol.381
, pp. 2167-2175
-
-
Gold, R.1
Giovannoni, G.2
Selmaj, K.3
-
118
-
-
84893391397
-
A multicenter, open-label, extension study to evaluate the long term safety and efficacy of daclizumab high yield process (DAC HYP) monotherapy in subjects with multiple sclerosis who have completed treatment in study
-
ClinicalTrials. 205MS202 (SELECTION) NCT01051349, Available at: (accessed 20 August 2013).
-
ClinicalTrials. A multicenter, open-label, extension study to evaluate the long term safety and efficacy of daclizumab high yield process (DAC HYP) monotherapy in subjects with multiple sclerosis who have completed treatment in study 205MS202 (SELECTION) NCT01051349, 2013. Available at: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01051349?term=NCT01051349&rank=1 (accessed 20 August 2013).
-
(2013)
-
-
-
119
-
-
84893381270
-
Efficacy and safety of daclizumab high yield process versus interferon β 1a in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
-
ClinicalTrials. (DECIDE) NCT01064401, Available at: (accessed 20 August 2013).
-
ClinicalTrials. Efficacy and safety of daclizumab high yield process versus interferon β 1a in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (DECIDE) NCT01064401, 2013. Available at: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01064401?term=NCT01064401&rank=1 (accessed 20 August 2013).
-
(2013)
-
-
-
120
-
-
84893387678
-
An immunogenicity and pharmacokinetics (PK) study of DAC HYP prefilled syringe in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS)
-
ClinicalTrials. (OBSERVE) NCT01462318, Available at: (accessed 20 August 2013).
-
ClinicalTrials. An immunogenicity and pharmacokinetics (PK) study of DAC HYP prefilled syringe in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) (OBSERVE) NCT01462318, 2013. Available at: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01462318?term=NCT01462318&rank=1 (accessed 20 August 2013).
-
(2013)
-
-
-
121
-
-
84893401059
-
-
ClinicalTrials. Long-term extension study in subjects with multiple sclerosis who have completed study 205MS301 (NCT01064401) to evaluate the safety and efficacy of DAC HYP (EXTEND) NCT01797965, Available at: (accessed 29 April 2013).
-
ClinicalTrials. Long-term extension study in subjects with multiple sclerosis who have completed study 205MS301 (NCT01064401) to evaluate the safety and efficacy of DAC HYP (EXTEND) NCT01797965, 2013. Available at: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01797965?term=NCT01797965&rank=1 (accessed 29 April 2013).
-
(2013)
-
-
-
123
-
-
33846080463
-
Drug insight: the use of intravenous immunoglobulin in neurology - therapeutic considerations and practical issues
-
Gold R, Stangel M, Dalakas MC. Drug insight: the use of intravenous immunoglobulin in neurology - therapeutic considerations and practical issues. Nat Clin Pract Neurol 2007; 3:36-44.
-
(2007)
Nat Clin Pract Neurol
, vol.3
, pp. 36-44
-
-
Gold, R.1
Stangel, M.2
Dalakas, M.C.3
-
124
-
-
84866429441
-
Use of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of immune-mediated demyelinating diseases of the nervous system
-
Winkelmann A, Zettl UK. Use of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of immune-mediated demyelinating diseases of the nervous system. Curr Pharm Des 2012; 18:4570-4582.
-
(2012)
Curr Pharm Des
, vol.18
, pp. 4570-4582
-
-
Winkelmann, A.1
Zettl, U.K.2
-
126
-
-
77953389931
-
Cyclophosphamide in multiple sclerosis: scientific rationale, history and novel treatment paradigms
-
Awad A, Stüve O. Cyclophosphamide in multiple sclerosis: scientific rationale, history and novel treatment paradigms. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2009; 2:50-61.
-
(2009)
Ther Adv Neurol Disord
, vol.2
, pp. 50-61
-
-
Awad, A.1
Stüve, O.2
-
127
-
-
77951828930
-
Evidence report: the efficacy and safety of mitoxantrone (Novantrone) in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology
-
Therapeutics, Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology.
-
Marriott JJ, Miyasaki JM, Gronseth G, O'Connor PW, Therapeutics, Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Evidence report: the efficacy and safety of mitoxantrone (Novantrone) in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2010; 74:1463-1470.
-
(2010)
Neurology
, vol.74
, pp. 1463-1470
-
-
Marriott, J.J.1
Miyasaki, J.M.2
Gronseth, G.3
O'Connor, P.W.4
-
128
-
-
12744261338
-
Escalating immunotherapy of multiple sclerosis - new aspects and practical application
-
Rieckmann P, Toyka KV, Bassetti C etal. Escalating immunotherapy of multiple sclerosis - new aspects and practical application. J Neurol 2004; 251:1329-1339.
-
(2004)
J Neurol
, vol.251
, pp. 1329-1339
-
-
Rieckmann, P.1
Toyka, K.V.2
Bassetti, C.3
-
129
-
-
38349186321
-
Intense immunosuppression in patients with rapidly worsening multiple sclerosis: treatment guidelines for the clinician
-
Boster A, Edan G, Frohman E etal. Intense immunosuppression in patients with rapidly worsening multiple sclerosis: treatment guidelines for the clinician. Lancet Neurol 2008; 7:173-183.
-
(2008)
Lancet Neurol
, vol.7
, pp. 173-183
-
-
Boster, A.1
Edan, G.2
Frohman, E.3
-
130
-
-
33749661011
-
Treatment with interferon beta-1b delays conversion to clinically definite and McDonald MS in patients with clinically isolated syndromes
-
Kappos L, Polman CH, Freedman MS etal. Treatment with interferon beta-1b delays conversion to clinically definite and McDonald MS in patients with clinically isolated syndromes. Neurology 2006; 67:1242-1249.
-
(2006)
Neurology
, vol.67
, pp. 1242-1249
-
-
Kappos, L.1
Polman, C.H.2
Freedman, M.S.3
-
131
-
-
0032494792
-
Placebo-controlled multicentre randomised trial of interferon beta-1b in treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. European Study Group on interferon beta-1b in secondary progressive MS
-
Kappos L. Placebo-controlled multicentre randomised trial of interferon beta-1b in treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. European Study Group on interferon beta-1b in secondary progressive MS. Lancet 1998; 352:1491-1497.
-
(1998)
Lancet
, vol.352
, pp. 1491-1497
-
-
Kappos, L.1
-
132
-
-
8844222623
-
Interferon beta-1b in secondary progressive MS: results from a 3-year controlled study
-
North American Study Group on Interferon beta-1b in Secondary Progressive MS.
-
Panitch H, Miller A, Paty D, Weinshenker B, North American Study Group on Interferon beta-1b in Secondary Progressive MS. Interferon beta-1b in secondary progressive MS: results from a 3-year controlled study. Neurology 2004; 63:1788-1795.
-
(2004)
Neurology
, vol.63
, pp. 1788-1795
-
-
Panitch, H.1
Miller, A.2
Paty, D.3
Weinshenker, B.4
-
133
-
-
0029876990
-
A review of the clinical efficacy profile of copolymer 1: new U.S. phase III trial data
-
Johnson KP. A review of the clinical efficacy profile of copolymer 1: new U.S. phase III trial data. J Neurol 1996; 243:S3-7.
-
(1996)
J Neurol
, vol.243
-
-
Johnson, K.P.1
-
134
-
-
79953185422
-
Primary varicella zoster infection associated with fingolimod treatment
-
Uccelli A, Ginocchio F, Mancardi GL, Bassetti M. Primary varicella zoster infection associated with fingolimod treatment. Neurology 2011; 76:1023-1024.
-
(2011)
Neurology
, vol.76
, pp. 1023-1024
-
-
Uccelli, A.1
Ginocchio, F.2
Mancardi, G.L.3
Bassetti, M.4
-
135
-
-
84893374742
-
-
Biogen. Tysabri (web page), Available at: (accessed 06 May 2013).
-
Biogen. Tysabri (web page), 2013. Available at: http://www.Tysabri.de (accessed 06 May 2013).
-
(2013)
-
-
-
136
-
-
33746961890
-
Rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis refractory to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial evaluating primary efficacy and safety at twenty-four weeks
-
Cohen SB, Emery P, Greenwald MW etal. Rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis refractory to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial evaluating primary efficacy and safety at twenty-four weeks. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54:2793-2806.
-
(2006)
Arthritis Rheum
, vol.54
, pp. 2793-2806
-
-
Cohen, S.B.1
Emery, P.2
Greenwald, M.W.3
-
137
-
-
2942537697
-
Efficacy of B-cell-targeted therapy with rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
-
Edwards JC, Szczepanski L, Szechinski J etal. Efficacy of B-cell-targeted therapy with rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 2004; 350:2572-2581.
-
(2004)
N Engl J Med
, vol.350
, pp. 2572-2581
-
-
Edwards, J.C.1
Szczepanski, L.2
Szechinski, J.3
-
138
-
-
33646483031
-
The efficacy and safety of rituximab in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite methotrexate treatment: results of a phase IIB randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial
-
Emery P, Fleischmann R, Filipowicz-Sosnowska A etal. The efficacy and safety of rituximab in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite methotrexate treatment: results of a phase IIB randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54:1390-1400.
-
(2006)
Arthritis Rheum
, vol.54
, pp. 1390-1400
-
-
Emery, P.1
Fleischmann, R.2
Filipowicz-Sosnowska, A.3
-
139
-
-
84893411028
-
Reversibles Kaposi-Sarkom unter Fumaderm®-assoziierter Lymphozytopenie [Reversible Kaposi sarcoma during Fumaderm (R)-associated lymphocytopenia]
-
Anonymous.
-
Anonymous. Reversibles Kaposi-Sarkom unter Fumaderm®-assoziierter Lymphozytopenie [Reversible Kaposi sarcoma during Fumaderm (R)-associated lymphocytopenia]. Dtsch Arztebl 2009; 106:A2380.
-
(2009)
Dtsch Arztebl
, vol.106
-
-
-
140
-
-
84893422938
-
Nokardiose bei Lymphopenie durch Fumaderm [Nokardia infection in Fumaderm (R) associated Lymphycytopenia]
-
Anonymous.
-
Anonymous. Nokardiose bei Lymphopenie durch Fumaderm [Nokardia infection in Fumaderm (R) associated Lymphycytopenia]. Dtsch Arztebl 2013; 110:A1220.
-
(2013)
Dtsch Arztebl
, vol.110
-
-
-
141
-
-
84893388838
-
-
Biogen. Available at: (accessed 8 August 2013).
-
Biogen. Wichtige Mitteilung an medizinische Fachkreise: Fumaderm® initial/Fumaderm®, 2013. Available at: http://www.bfarm.de/SharedDocs/1_Downloads/DE/Pharmakovigilanz/roteHandBriefe/2013/rhb-fumaderm.pdf;jsessionid=EF2AFF7888678D05032D371129B12089.1_cid332?__blob=publicationFile (accessed 8 August 2013).
-
(2013)
Wichtige Mitteilung an medizinische Fachkreise: Fumaderm® initial/Fumaderm®
-
-
|