Changes of tocopherols, tocotrienols, γ-oryzanol, and γ-aminobutyric acid levels in the germinated brown rice of pigmented and nonpigmented cultivars

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

Volumn 61, Issue 51, 2013, Pages 12604-12611

  Ng, Lean Teik ^a   Huang, Shao Hua ^a   Chen, Yen Ting ^a   Su, Chun Han ^a  

^a NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

aminobutyric acid; oryzanol; germinated brown rice; tocopherols; tocotrienols

Indexed keywords

AMINOBUTYRIC ACIDS; GERMINATED BROWN RICE; ORYZANOL; TOCOPHEROLS; TOCOTRIENOLS;

AMINO ACIDS;

PLANTS (BOTANY);

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; ALPHA TOCOTRIENOL; GAMMA ORYZANOL; GAMMA-ORYZANOL; PHENYLPROPIONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; TOCOPHEROL;

ARTICLE; CHEMISTRY; CLASSIFICATION; GERMINATION; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; PLANT SEED; RICE;

GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; GERMINATION; ORYZA SATIVA; PHENYLPROPIONATES; SEEDS; TOCOPHEROLS; TOCOTRIENOLS;

EID: 84891475682     PISSN: 00218561     EISSN: 15205118     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jf403703t     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Friedman, M. The nutritional value of proteins from different food sources J. Agric. Food Chem. 1996, 43, 3-29
2. Aggarwal, B. B.; Sundaram, C.; Prasad, S.; Kannappan, R. Tocotrienols, the vitamin E of the 21st century: its potential against cancer and other chronic diseases Biochem. Pharmacol. 2010, 80, 1613-1631
3. Wong, R. S.; Radhakrishnan, A. K. Tocotrienol research: past into present Nutr. Rev. 2012, 70, 483-490
4. Miller, A.; Engel, K. H. Content of gamma-oryzanol and composition of steryl ferulates in brown rice (Oryza sativa L.) of European origin J. Agric. Food Chem. 2006, 54, 8127-8133
5. Yoshie, A.; Kanda, A.; Nakamura, T.; Igusa, H.; Hara, S. Comparison of gamma-oryzanol contents in crude rice bran oils from different sources by various determination methods J. Oleo Sci. 2009, 58, 511-518
6. Yang, W.; Cahoon, R. E.; Hunter, S. C.; Zhang, C.; Han, J.; Borgschulte, T.; Cahoon, E. B. Vitamin E biosynthesis: functional characterization of the monocot homogentisate geranylgeranyl transferase Plant J. 2011, 65, 206-217
7. Li, Y.; Bai, Q.; Jin, X.; Wen, H.; Gu, Z. Effects of cultivar and culture conditions on γ-aminobutyric acid accumulation in germinated fava beans (Vicia faba L.) J. Sci. Food Agric. 2010, 90, 52-57
8. Komatsuzaki, N.; Kikuichi, T.; Hidechika, T.; Tadanao, S.; Naoto, S.; Toshinori, K. Effect of soaking and gaseous treatment on GABA content in germinated brown rice J. Food Eng. 2007, 78, 556-560
9. Frias, J.; Fornal, J.; Ring, S. G.; Vidal-Valverde, C. Effect of germination on physicochemical properties of lentil starch and its components Lebensm. Wiss. Technol. 1998, 31, 228-236
10. Jiamyangyuen, S.; Ooraikul, B. The physicochemical, eating and sensorial properties of germinated brown rice Int. J. Food, Agric. Environ. 2008, 6, 119-124
11. Wu, F.; Yang, N.; Touré, A.; Jin, Z.; Xu, X. Germinated brown rice and its role in human health Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2013, 53, 451-463
12. Ikeda, S.; Toyoshima, K.; Yamashita, K. Dietary sesame seeds elevate α- and γ-tocotrienol concentrations in skin and adipose tissue of rats fed the tocotrienol-rich fraction extracted from palm oil J. Nutr. 2001, 11, 2892-2897
13. Lerma-García, M. J.; Herrero-Martínez, J. M.; Simó-Alfonso, E. F.; Mendonça, C. R. B.; Ramis-Ramos, G. Composition, industrial processing and applications of rice bran γ-oryzanol Food Chem. 2009, 115, 389-404
14. Patel, M.; Naik, S. N. γ-Oryzanol from rice bran oil-a review J. Sci. Ind. Res. 2004, 63, 569-578
15. Li, H.; Cao, Y. Lactic acid bacterial cell factories for γ-aminobutyric acid Amino Acids 2010, 39, 1107-1116
16. Patil, S. B.; Khan, K. Germinated brown rice as a value added rice product: a review J. Food Sci. Technol. 2011, 48, 661-667
17. International Seed Testing Association (ISTA). International rules for seed testing,Bassersdorf, Switzerland, (2007; 55A23.
18. Thakur, A. K.; Gupta, A. K. Water absorption characteristics of paddy, brown rice and husk during soaking J. Food Eng. 2006, 75, 252-257
19. Huang, S. H.; Ng, L. T. An improved high-performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of tocopherols, tocotrienols and γ-oryzanol in rice J. Chromatogr., A 2011, 1218, 4709-4713
20. Zhang, G.; Bown, A. W. The rapid determination of γ-aminobutyric acid Phytochemistry 1997, 44, 1007-1009
21. Moongngarm, A.; Saetung, N. Comparison of chemical compositions and bioactive compounds of germinated rough rice and brown rice Food Chem. 2010, 122, 782-788
22. Saman, P.; Vazquez, J. A.; Pandiella, S. S. Controlled germination to enhance the functional properties of rice Process Biochem. 2008, 43, 1377-1382
23. Ayernor, G. S.; Ocloo, F. C. Physico-chemical changes and diastatic activity associated with germinating paddy rice (PSB.Rc 34) Afr. J. Food Sci. 2007, 1, 37-41
24. Thitinunsomboon, S.; Keeratipibul, S.; Boonsiriwit, A. Enhancing γ-aminobutyric acid content in germinated brown rice by repeated treatment of soaking and incubation Food Sci. Technol. Int. 2013, 19, 25-33
25. 2 Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 2003, 6, 1059-1066
26. Kiing, S. C.; Yiu, P. H.; Rajan, A.; Wong, S. C. Effect of germination on γ-oryzanol content of selected Sarawak rice cultivars Am. J. Appl. Sci. 2009, 6, 1658-1661
27. Oh, S. H. Stimulation of γ-aminobutyric acid synthesis activity in brown rice by a chitosan/glutamic acid germination solution and calcium/calmodulin J. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 2003, 36, 319-325
28. Rohrer, C. A.; Siebenmorgen, T. J.; Howell, T. A. Effects of storage conditions on nutraceutical levels in rough rice. In B. R. Wells Rice Research Studies; Research Series 504; Norman, R. J.; Meullenet, J. F., Eds.; University of Arkansas: Fayetteville, AR, USA, 2002; pp 404-409.
29. Zhang, H.; Yuan, H.; Chen, F.; Xang, X. Purification and characterization of glutamate decarboxylase from rice germ Food Chem. 2007, 101, 1670-1676