Perceptions of accountability in family business: Using accountability theory to understand differences between family and nonfamily executives

Journal of Family Business Strategy

Volumn 4, Issue 4, 2013, Pages 233-244

  Guidice, Rebecca M ^a   Mero, Neal P ^b   Greene, Juanne V ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA WILMINGTON   (United States)

^b KENNESAW STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Accountability; Family business; Family executives; Nonfamily executives; Responsibility

Indexed keywords

EID: 84889653710     PISSN: 18778585     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfbs.2013.09.001     Document Type: Article

References (115)

1. Aguilera R.V., Crespi-Cladera R. Firm family firms: Current debates of corporate governance in family firms. Journal of Family Business Strategy 2012, 3:66-69.
2. Allen N.J., Meyer J.P. The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology 1990, 63:1-18.
3. Ashforth B.E., Kreiner G.E., Fugate M. All in a day's work: Boundaries and micro role transitions. Academy of Management Review 2000, 25:472-491.
4. Astrachan J.H. Commentary on the special issue: The emergence of a field. Journal of Business Venturing 2003, 18:567-572.
5. Astrachan J.H. Strategy in family business: Toward a multidimensional research agenda. Journal of Family Business Strategy 2010, 1:6-14.
6. Astrachan J.H., Shanker M.C. Family businesses contribution to the U.S. economy: A closer look. Family Business Review 2003, 16:211-219.
7. Barnett T., Kellermanns F.W. Are we family and are we treated as family?. Nonfamily employees' perceptions of justice in the family firm. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice 2006, 30:837-854.
8. Barrick M.R., Mount M.K. The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology 1991, 44:1-26.
9. Bartholomeusz S., Tanewski G.A. The relationship between family firms and corporate governance. Journal of Small Business Management 2006, 44:245-267.
10. Batson C.D., Batson J.G., Todd R.M., Brummett B.H., Shaw L.L., Aldeguer C.M.R. Empathy and the collective good: Caring for one of the others in a social dilemma. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1995, 68:619-631.
11. Becker G. A treatise on the family 1981, Harvard University Press, Cambridge. MA.
12. Bernardin H.J., Tyler C.L., Villanova P. Rating level and accuracy as a function of rater personality. International Journal of Selection and Assessment 2009, 17:300-310.
13. Berrone P., Cruz C., Gomez-Mejia L.R. Socioemotional wealth in family firms: Theoretical dimensions assessment approaches, and agenda for future research. Family Business Review 2012, 25:258-279.
14. Bertk M.D., Motowidlo S.J. Effects of procedure and outcome accountability on interview validity. Journal of Applied Psychology 2002, 87:185-191.
15. Bhattacharya U., Ravikumar B. From cronies to professionals: The evolution of family firms. Capital formation, governance and banking 2005, 23-37. Nova Science Publishers, New York. E. Klein (Ed.).
16. Biddle B.J. Recent developments in role theory. Annual Review of Sociology 1986, 12:67-92.
17. Blau P.M. Exchange and power in social life 1964, John Wiley, New York.
18. Britt T.W. The effects of identity-relevance and task difficulty on task motivation, stress, and performance. Motivation and Emotion 2003, 29:189-202.
19. Carmon A.F., Miller A.N., Raile A.N.W., Roers M.M. Fusing family and firm: Employee perceptions of perceived homophily, organizational justice, organizational identification, and organizational commitment in family businesses. Journal of Family Business Strategy 2010, 1:210-223.
20. Chang S.C., Wu W.Y., Wong Y.J. Family control and stock market reactions to innovation announcements. British Journal of Management 2008, 21:152-170.
21. Chrisman J.J., Chua J.H., Kellermanns F.W., Chang E.P.C. Are family managers agents or stewards? An exploratory study in privately held family firms. Journal of Business Research 2007, 60:1030-1038.
22. Chrisman J.J., Chua J.H., Litz R. A unified systems perspective of family firm performance: An extension and integration. Journal of Business Venturing 2003, 18:467-472.
23. Chrisman J.J., Chua J.H., Litz R.A. Comparing the agency costs of family and non-family firms: Conceptual issues and exploratory evidence. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice 2004, 28:335-354.
24. Chrisman J.J., Chua J.H., Pearson A.W., Barnett T. Family involvement, family influence, and family-centered non-economic goals in small firms. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice 2012, 36:267-293.
25. Chrisman J.J., Chua J.H., Steier L.P. Sources and consequences of distinctive familiness: An introduction. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice 2005, 29:237-253.
26. Chrisman J.J., Kellermanns F.W., Chan K.C., Liano K. Intellectual foundations of current research in family business: An identification and review of 25 influential articles. Family Business Review 2010, 23:9-26.
27. Christopher A.N., Schlenker B.R. The protestant work ethic and attributions of responsibility: Applications of the triangle model. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 2005, 35:1502-1515.
28. Chua J.H., Chrisman J.J., Bergiel E.B. An agency theoretic analysis of the professionalized family firm. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice 2009, 33:355-372.
29. Chua J.H., Chrisman J.J., Sharma P. Succession and nonsuccession concerns of family firms and agency relationship with nonfamily managers. Family Business Review 2003, 16:89-107.
30. Costa P.T., McCrae R.R. Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI): Professional manual 1992, Psychological Assessment Resources, Odessa. FL.
31. Daily C.M., Dollinger M.J. An empirical examination of ownership structure in family and professionally-managed firms. Family Business Review 1992, 5:117-136.
32. Dawkins R. The selfish gene 1989, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
33. Dyer W.G. Integrating professional management into a family owned business. Family Business Review 1989, 2:221-235.
34. Dyer W.G. Examining the family effect on firm performance. Family Business Review 2006, 19:253-273.
35. Eddleston K., Kellermanns F.W. Destructive and productive family relationships: A stewardship theory perspective. Journal of Business Venturing 2007, 22:545-565.
36. Eddleston K., Kellermanns F.W., Sarathy R. Resource configuration in family firms: Linking resources, strategic planning and environmental dynamism to performance. Journal of Management Studies 2008, 45:26-50.
37. Ensley M.D., Pearson A.W. An exploratory comparison of the behavioral dynamics of top management teams in family and nonfamily new ventures cohesion, conflict, potency, and consensus. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice 2005, 29:267-284.
38. Fama E.F., Jensen M.C. Separation of ownership and control. Journal of Law and Economics 1983, 26:301-325.
39. Family Firm Institute Global data points 2011, Retrieved from. http://www.ffi.org/default.asp%3Fid=398.
40. Festinger L. A theory of cognitive dissonance 1957, Row, Peterson, Evanston, IL.
41. Fiske S.T., Taylor S.E. Social cognition 1991, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. 2nd ed.
42. Freeman R.E. Strategic management: A stakeholder approach 1984, Pittman, Boston, MA.
43. Gallo M.A. Family protocol. The Family Business Network Newsletter 2000, May.
44. Gallo M.A., Tomaselli S. Formulating, implementing and maintaining family protocols. Handbook of research on family business 2006, 298-316. Edward Elgar Publishing. P.Z. Poutziouris, K.X. Smyrnios, S.B. Klein (Eds.).
45. Gersick K.E., Davis J.A., Hampton M.M., Lansberg I. Generation to generation: Life cycles of the family business 1997, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA.
46. Goel S., Mazzola P., Phan P.H., Pieper T.M., Zachary R.K. Strategy, ownership, governance, and socio-psychological perspectives on family businesses from around the world. Journal of Family Business Strategy 2012, 3:54-65.
47. Gomez-Mejia L.R., Haynes K.T., Nunez-Nickel M., Jacobson K.J.L., Moyano-Fuentes J. Socioemotional wealth and business risks in family: Evidence from Spanish olive oil mills. Administrative Science Quarterly 2007, 52:106-137.
48. Gomez-Mejia L.R., Nunez-Nickel M., Gutierrez I. The role of family ties in agency contracts. Academy of Management Journal 2001, 44:81-95.
49. Green M., Visser P., Tetlock P.E. Coping with accountability cross-pressures: Low-effort evasive tactics and high-effort quests for complex compromises. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2000, 26:1380-1392.
50. Habberson T.G., Williams M., MacMillan I.C. A unified systems perspective of family firm performance. Journal of Business Venturing 2003, 18:451-465.
51. Heck R.K.Z., Danes S.M., Fitzgerald M.A., Haynes G.W., Jasper C.R., Schrank H.L., et al. Role of family in family business entrepreneurship. Handbook of research on family business 2006, 80-103. P.Z. Poutziouris, K.X. Smyrnios, S.B. Klein (Eds.).
52. Hendry J. The principal's other problems: Honest incompetence and the specification of objectives. Academy of Management Review 2002, 27:98-113.
53. Hernandez M. Toward an understanding of the psychology of stewardship. Academy of Management Review 2012, 37:172-193.
54. Hofstede G. Culture's consequences 1980, Sage, Beverly Hills, CA.
55. Ibrahim A.B., Ellis W. Family business management: Concepts and practice 2004, Kendall/Hunt, Dubuque, IA. 2nd ed.
56. Jensen M., Meckling W. Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs, and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics 1976, 3:305-360.
57. Karra N., Tracey P., Phillips N. Altruism and agency in the family firm: Exploring the role of family, kinship, and ethnicity. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice 2006, 30:861-877.
58. Katz D., Kahn R. The social psychology of organizations 1978, Wiley, New York. 2nd ed.
59. Kaye K. When the family business is a sickness. Family Business Review 1996, 9:347-368.
60. Khazanovich G., Schlenker B.R. Psychological involvement in parenthood among Ukrainians. Journal of Social Psychology 2000, 140:188-195.
61. Klein S.B. Family business in German: Significance and structure. Family Business Review 2000, 13:157-181.
62. Klein S.B., Astrachan J.H., Smyrnios K.X. The F-PEC scale of family influence: Construction, validation, and further implication for theory. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice 2005, 29:321-339.
63. Klein S.B., Bell F.A. Non-family executives in family businesses: A literature review. Electronic Journal of Business Studies 2007, 1:19-37.
64. Kwak M. The advantages of family ownership. Sloan Management Review 2003, Winter.
65. Lane S., Astrachan J.H., Keyt A., McMillan K.S. Guidelines for family business boards of directors. Family Business Review 2006, 19:147-167.
66. LeBreton-Miller I., Miller D., Lester R.H. Stewardship or agency? A social embeddedness reconciliation of conduct and performance in public family businesses. Organization Science 2010, 10.1287/orsc.1100.0541.
67. Lubatkin M.H. A theory of the firm only a microeconomist could love. Journal of Management Inquiry 2005, 14:214-216.
68. Lubatkin M.H., Schulze W.S., Ling Y., Dino R.N. Commentary: The effects of parental altruism on the governance of family-managed firms. Journal of Organizational Behavior 2005, 26:313-330.
69. Lumpkin G.T., Marktin W., Vaughn M. Family orientation: Individual-level influences on family firm outcomes. Family Business Review 2008, 21:127-138.
70. Lussier R.N., Sonfield M.C. A comparison of family-member and non-family managers in American family businesses. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal 2007, 13:31-46.
71. McConaughy D.L. Family CEOs vs. nonfamily CEOs in the family-controlled firm: An examination of the level and sensitivity of pay to performance. Family Business Review 2000, 13:121-131.
72. Mero N.P., Guidice R.M., Anna A. The interacting effect of accountability and individual differences on rater response to a performance rating task. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 2006, 36:795-819.
73. Mero N.P., Guidice R.M., Brownlee A. Accountability in a performance appraisal context: The effect of audience and form of accounting on rater response and behavior. Journal of Management 2007, 33:223-252.
74. Mero N.P., Guidice R.M., Werner S. A field study of the antecedents and performance consequences of perceived accountability. Journal of Management 2012, 10.1177/0149206312441208.
75. Mero N.P., Motowidlo S.J. Effects of rater accountability on the accuracy and the favorability of performance ratings. Journal of Applied Psychology 1995, 80:517-524.
76. Merton R.K. Social theory and social structure 1968, Free Press, New York, NY.
77. Miller D., LeBreton-Miller I. Challenge versus advantage in family business. Strategic Organization 2003, 1:127-134.
78. Miller D., LeBreton-Miller I., Lester R.H., Cannella A.A. Are family firms really superior performers?. Journal of Corporate Finance 2007, 13:829-858.
79. Minichelli A., Corbetta G., MacMillan I.C. Top management teams in family-controlled companies: 'Familiness', 'faultlines', and their impact on financial performance. Journal of Management Studies 2010, 47:205-222.
80. Mitchell R.K., Morse E.A., Sharma P. The transacting cognitions of non-family employees in the family business setting. Journal of Business Venturing 2003, 18:533-551.
81. Mitchell R.K., Agle B.R., Wood D.J. Toward a theory of stakeholder identification and salience: Defining the principle of who and what really counts. Academy of Management Review 1997, 22:853-886.
82. Mustakallio M., Autio E., Zahra S. Relational and contractual governance in family firms: Effects on strategic decision making. Family Business Review 2002, 15:205-223.
83. Nordqvist M. Familiness in top management teams: Commentary on Ensley and Pearson's "An exploratory comparison of the behavioral dynamics of top management teams in family and nonfamily new ventures: Cohesion, conflict, potency and consensus". Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 2005, 29:285-292.
84. Nordqvist M., Goel S. No family is an island: A social network approach to governance in family firms. Theoretical developments and future research in family business 2008, IAP, Charlotte, NC. P.H. Phan, J.E. Butler (Eds.).
85. Ouchi W.G. Markets, bureaucracies, and clans. Administrative Science Quarterly 1980, 25:129-141.
86. Pieper T.M. Non solus: Toward a psychology of family business. Journal of Family Business Strategy 2010, 1:26-39.
87. Pieper T.M., Klein S.B. The bulls eye: A systems approach to modelling family firms. Family Business Review 2007, 20:301-319.
88. Poza E.J., Alred T., Maheshwari A. Stakeholder perceptions of culture and management practices in family and family firms-A preliminary report. Family Business Review 1997, 10:135-155.
89. Poza E.J., Hanlon S., Kishida R. Does the family business interaction factor represent a resource or a cost?. Family Business Review 2004, 17:99-118.
90. Reay T. Family-business meta-identity, institutional pressures, and ability to respond to entrepreneurial opportunities. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice 2009, 33:1265-1270.
91. Roberts J., McNulty T., Stiles P. Beyond agency conceptions of the work of the non-executive director: Creating accountability in the boardroom. British Journal of Management 2005, 16:S5-S26.
92. Schlenker, B. R. (1986). Personal accountability: Challenges and impediments in the quest for accountability (Contract No. 400-77-0099). Navy Personnel Research & Development Center.
93. Schlenker B. Personal responsibility: Applications of the triangle model. Research in Organizational Behavior 1997, 19:241-301.
94. Schlenker B.R., Britt T.W., Pennington J., Murphy R., Doherty K. The triangle model of responsibility. Psychological Review 1994, 101:632-652.
95. Schlenker B.R., Pontari B.A., Christopher A.N. Excuses and character: Personal and social implications of excuses. Personality and Social Psychology Review 2001, 5:15-32.
96. Schlenker B.R., Weigold M.F., Doherty K. Coping with accountability: Self-identification and evaluative reckonings. Handbook of social and clinical psychology 1991, 96-115. Pergamon, New York, NY. C.R. Snyder, D.R. Forsyth (Eds.).
97. Schulze W.S., Lubatkin M.H., Dino R.N. Altruism, agency, and the competitiveness of family firms. Managerial and Decision Economics 2002, 23:247-329.
98. Schulze W.S., Lubatkin M.H., Dino R.N. Toward at theory of agency and altruism in family firms. Journal of Business Venturing 2003, 18:473-490.
99. Schulze W.S., Lubatkin M.H., Dino R.N., Buchholtz A.K. Agency relationships in family firms: Theory and evidence. Organization Science 2001, 99-116.
100. Sharma P. An overview of the field of family business studies: Current status and directions for the future. Family Business Review 2004, 17:1-35.
101. Sharma P., Irving P.G. Four bases of family business successor commitment: Antecedents and consequences. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice 2005, 29:13-33.
102. Shepherd D., Haynie J.M. Family business, identity conflict, and an expedited entrepreneurial process: A process of resolving identity conflict. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice 2009, 33:1245-1264.
103. Steier L. Variants of agency contracts in family financed ventures: The multiple roles of family. Journal of Business Venturing 2003, 18:597-618.
104. Stewart A. Help one another, use one another: Toward an anthropology of family business. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice 2003, 27:383-396.
105. Sundaramurthy C., Kreiner G.E. Governing by managing identity boundaries: The case of family business. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice 2008, 32:415-436.
106. Tetlock P.E. Accountability and complexity of thought. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1983, 45:74-83.
107. Tetlock P.E. Accountability and the perseverance of first impressions. Social Psychology Quarterly 1983, 46:285-292.
108. Tetlock P.E. Accountability: The neglected social context of judgment and choice. Research in organizational behavior, Vol. 7 1985, 297-332. JAI Press, Greenwich. B.M. Staw, L. Cummings (Eds.).
109. Tetlock P.E. The impact of accountability on judgment and choice: Toward a social contingency model. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 1992, 25:331-376.
110. Uehara E. Dual exchange theory, social networks, and informal social support. American Journal of Sociology 1990, 96:521-557.
111. Ward J.L. Keeping the family business healthy: How to plan for continuous growth, profitability, and family leadership 1987, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA.
112. Wright P., Mukherji A., Kroll M.J. A reexamination of agency theory assumptions: Extensions and extrapolations. Journal of Socioeconomics 2001, 305:413-429.
113. Young C.S., Tsai L.C. The sensitivity of compensation to social capital: Family CEOs vs. nonfamily CEOs in the family business groups. Journal of Business Research 2008, 61:363-374.
114. Zahra S.A., Hayton J.C., Neubaum D.O., Dibrell C., Craig J. Culture of family commitment and strategic flexibility: The moderating effect of stewardship. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice 2008, 32:1035-1049.
115. Zellweger T.M., Kellermanns F.W., Chrisman J.J., Chua J.H. Family control and family firm valuation by family CEOs: The importance of intentions for transgenerational control. Organization Science 2012, 23:851-868.