Hypomelanoses Associated with Melanocytic Neoplasia

The Pigmentary System: Physiology and Pathophysiology: Second Edition

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 705-724

  Brochez, Lieve ^a   Boone, Barbara ^a   Naeyaert, Jean Marie ^a  

^a GHENT UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Centrifugum; Halo nevi; Leukodermas; Melanocytic neoplasia; Perinevoid vitiligo

Indexed keywords

EID: 84889620448     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470987100.ch38     Document Type: Chapter

References (188)

1. Akasu, R., L. From, H., and J. Kahn. Characterization of the mononuclear infiltrate involved in regression of halo nevi. J. Cutan. Pathol. 21:302-311, 1994.
2. Albert, V., R. Barnhill, A., and J. Sober. Leukoderma in association with giant congenital nevi: report of two cases. Dermatology 185:140-142, 1992.
3. Alkhateeb, A., P. R. Fain, A. Thody, D. C. Bennett, and R. A. Spritz. Epidemiology of vitiligo and associated autoimmune diseases in Caucasian probands and their families. Pigment Cell Res. 16:208-214, 2003.
4. Asnis, L. A., and A. A. Gaspari. Cutaneous reactions to recombinant cytokine therapy. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 33:393-410, 1995.
5. Balch, C. M., S. J. Soong, J. E. Gershenwald, J. F. Thompson, D. S. Reintgen, N. Cascinelli, M. Urist, McMasters, K. M., M. I. Ross, J. M. Kirkwood, M. B. Atkins, J. A. Thompson, D. G. Coit, D. Byrd, R. Desmond, Y. Zhang, P. Y. Liu, G. H. Lyman, and A. Morabito. Prognostic factors analysis of 17,600 melanoma patients: validation of the Joint American Committee on Cancer melanoma staging system. J. Clin. Oncol. 19:3622-3634, 2001.
6. Balch, C. M., T. M. Murad, S. J. Soong, A. L. Ingalls, N. B. Halpern, and W. A. Maddox. A multifactorial analysis of melanoma. Prognostic histopathological features comparing Clark's and Breslow's staging methods. Ann. Surg. 188:732-742, 1978.
7. Banchereau, J., K. Palucka, M. Dhodapkar, S. Burkeholder, N. Taquet, A. Rolland, S. Taquet, S. Coquery, K. M. Wittkowski, N. Bhardwaj, L. Pineiro, R. Steinman, and J. Fay. Immune and clinical responses in patients with metastatic melanoma to CD34+ progenitor-derived dendritic cell vaccine. Cancer Res. 61:6451-6458, 2001.
8. Barona, M. I., A. Arrunategui, R. Falabella, and A. Alzate. An epidemiologic case-control study in a population with vitiligo. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 33:621-625, 1995.
9. Berger, R. S., and J. J. Voorhees. Multiple congenital giant nevocellu-lar nevi with halos. Arch. Dermatol. 104:515-521, 1971.
10. Bergman, W., R. Willemze, Graaff-Reitsma, C., and D. J. Ruiter. Analysis of major histocompatibility antigens and the mononuclear cell infiltrate in halo nevi. J. Invest. Dermatol. 85:25-29, 1985.
11. Berman, A., and S. Herszenson. Vascular response in halo of recent halo nevus. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 4:537-540, 1981.
12. Bernsen, M. R., J. H. Diepstra, P. van Mil, C. J. Punt, C. G. Figdor, G. N. van Muijen, G. J. Adema, and D. J. Ruiter. Presence and localization of T-cell subsets in relation to melanocyte differentiation antigen expression as assessed by immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis of microdissected T cells. J. Pathol. 202:70-79, 2004.
13. Birck, A., P. thor Straten, L. Li, K. Hou-Jensen, J. Sugar, and J. Zeuthen. Analysis of T cell receptor AV and BV chain gene expression by infiltrating lymphocytes in Spitz naevi and in halo naevi. Melanoma Res. 7:49, 1997.
14. Blessing, K., and K. M. McLaren. Histological regression in primary cutaneous melanoma: recognition, prevalence and significance. Histopathology 20:315-322, 1992.
15. Bowne, W. B., R. Srinivasan, J. D. Wolchok, G. H. William, N. E. Blachere, R. Dyall, J. J. Lewis, and A. N. Houghton. Coupling and uncoupling of tumor immunity and autoimmunity. J. Exp. Med. 11:1717-1722, 1999.
16. Brazelli, V., D. Larizza, M. Martinetti, S. Martinoli, V. Calcaterra, S. Deilvestri, A., R. Pandolfi, and G. Borroni. Halo nevus, rather than vitiligo, is a typical dermatologic finding of Turner's syndrome: Clinical, genetic, and immunogenetic study in 72 patients. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 51:354-363, 2004.
17. Briggs, J. C., N. B. Ibrahim, A. G. Hastings, and R. W. Griffiths. Experience of thin cutaneous melanomas (less than 0.76 mm and less than 0.85 mm thick) in a large plastic surgery unit: a 5 to 17 year follow-up. Br. J. Plast. Surg. 37:501-506, 1984.
18. Brogelli, L., U. M. Reali, S. Moretti, and C. Urso. The prognostic significance of histological regression in cutaneous melanoma. Melanoma Res. 2:87-91, 1992.
19. Bronte, V., E. Apolloni, R. Ronca, P. Zamboni, W. W. Overwijk, D. R. Surman, N. P. Restifo, and P. Zanovello. Genetic vaccination with "self" tyrosinase-related protein 2 causes melanoma eradication but not vitiligo. Cancer Res. 60:253-258, 2000.
20. Brownstein, M. H., B. B. Kazam, and K. Hashimoto. Halo congenital nevus. Arch. Dermatol. 113:1572-1575, 1977.
21. Bystryn, J. C., D. Rigel, R. J. Friedman, and A. Kopf. Prognostic significance of hypopigmentation in malignant melanoma. Arch. Dermatol. 123:1053-1055, 1987.
22. Cannavo, S. P., A. F. Ussia, G. Moretti, and A. Albanese. Vitiligo associated with metastatic malignant melanoma. J. Int. Dermatol. 35:738-739, 1996.
23. Carcelain, G., N. Rouas-Freiss, E. Zorn, V. Chung-Scott, S. Viel, F. Faure, J. Bosq, and T. Hercend. In situ T-cell responses in a primary regressive melanoma and subsequent metastases: a comparative analysis. J. Int. Cancer 72:241-247, 1997.
24. Cesarini, J. P., H. Bonneau, and E. Calas. Le halo-naevus (naevus de Sutton): etude structurale. D. Ann. Dermatol. Syphiligr. (Paris) 95:505-512, 1968.
25. Challis, G. B., and H. J. Stam. The spontaneous regression of cancer. A review of cases from 1900 to 1987. Acta Oncol. 29:545-550, 1990.
26. Clark, Jr. W. H. Letter [reply]. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 82:627, 1990.
27. Clark, Jr. W. H., A. M. Ainsworth, E. A. Bernardino, C. H. Yang, C. M. Mihm Jr, and R. J. Reed. The developmental biology of primary human malignant melanomas. Semin. Oncol. 2:83-103, 1975.
28. Clynes, R. A., T. L. Towers, L. G. Presta, and J. V. Ravetch. Inhibitory Fc receptors modulate in vivo cytotoxicity against tumor targets. Nat. Med. 6:443-446, 2000.
29. Clynes, R. A., Y. Takechi, Y. Moroi, A. Houghton, and J. V. Ravetch. Fc receptors are required in passive and active immunity to melanoma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 95:652-656, 1998.
30. Collela, T. A., T. N. Bullock, L. B. Russell, D. W. Mullins, W. W. Overwijk, C. J. Luckey, R. A. Pierce, N. P. Restifo, and V. H. Engelhard. Self-tolerance to the murine homologue of a tyrosinase-derived melanoma antigen: implications for tumor immunotherapy. J. Exp. Med. 191:1221-1232, 2000.
31. Cook, M. G., A. Spatz, E. B. Brocker, and D. J. Ruiter. Identification of histological features associated with metastatic potential in thin (1.0 mm) cutaneous melanoma with metastases. A study on behalf of the EORTC Melanoma Group. J. Pathol. 197:188-193, 2002.
32. Cooper, P. H., H. J. Wanebo, and R. W. Hagar. Regression in thin malignant melanoma. Microscopic diagnosis and prognostic importance. Arch. Dermatol. 121:1127-1131, 1985.
33. Copeman, P. W. M. et al. Biology and immunology of vitiligo and malignant melanoma. In: A. J. Rook (ed.), Recent Advances in Dermatology, 3rd ed., London: Churchill Livingstone, 1973 a, pp. 245-258.
34. Copeman, P. W. M., M. G. Lewis, T. M. Phillips, and P. G. Elliott. Immunological association of the halo nevus with cutaneous malignant melanoma. Br. J. Dermatol. 88:127-137, 1973 b.
35. Cornbleet, T., S. Barsky, and J. Latoni. Acquire halo nevus-like formation from Benoquin. Arch. Dermatol. 78:276-277, 1958.
36. Crawford, S. Leukoderma acquisitum centrifugum [Case report]. Arch. Dermatol. Syphil. 9:394, 1924.
37. Curiel-Lewandroski, C., and M. F. Demierre. Advances in specific immunotherapy of malignant melanoma. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 43:167-185, 2000.
38. Day, Jr. C. L., M. C. J. Mihmr, A. J. Sober, M. N. Harris, A. W. Kopf, T. B. Fitzpatrick, R. A. Lew, T. J. Harrist, F. M. Golomb, A. Postel, P. Hennessey, S. L. Gumport, J. W. Raker, R. A. Malt, A. B. Cosimi, W. C. Wood, D. F. Roses, F. Gorstein, D. Rigel, R. J. Friedman, and M. M. Mintzis. Prognostic factors for melanoma patients with lesions 0.76-1.69mm in thickness. An appraisal of "thin" level IV lesions. Ann. Surg. 195:30-34, 1982.
39. de Vijlder, H. C., W. Westerhof, G. M. Schreuder, P. de Lange, and F. H. Claas. Difference in pathogenesis between vitiligo vulgaris and halo associated with vitiligo is supported by an HLA association study. Pigment Cell Res. 17:270-274, 2004.
40. Denfeld, R. W., A. Dietrich, C. Wuttig, E. Tanczos, J. M. Weiss, W. Vanscheidt, E. Schopf, and J. C. Simon. In situ expression of B7 and CD28 receptor families in human malignant melanoma: relevance for T-cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. J. Int. Cancer 62:259-265, 1995.
41. Dietrich, P. Y., P. R. Walker, A. L. Quiquerez, G. Perrin, V. Dutoit, D. Liénard, P. Guillaume, J. C. Cerottini, P. Romero, and D. Valmori. Melanoma patients respond to a cytotoxic T lymphocyte-defined self-peptide with diverse and nonoverlapping T-cell receptor repertoires. Cancer Res. 61:2047-2054, 2001.
42. Dissemond, J., P. Goette, J. Moers, A. Lindeke, M. Goos, S. Ferrone, and S. N. Wagner. Immunoproteasome subunits LMP2 and LMP7 downregulation in primary malignant melanoma lesions: association with lack of spontaneous regression. Melanoma Res. 13:371-377, 2003 a.
43. Dissemond, J., P. Goette, J. Moers, A. Lindeke, M. Goos, S. Ferrone, and S. N. Wagner. Association of TAP1 downregulation in human primary melanoma lesions with lack of spontaneous regression. Melanoma Res. 13:253-258, 2003 b.
44. Duhra, P., and A. Ilchyshyn. Prolonged survival in metastatic malignant melanoma associated with vitiligo. Clin. Exp. Dermatol. 16:303-305, 1991.
45. El Mofty, A. M. Vitiligo and Psoralens. New York: Pergamon Press, 1968.
46. Engelhard, V. H., T. N. Bullock, T. A. Colella, S. L. Sheasley, and D. W. Mullins. Antigens derived from melanocyte differentiation proteins: self-tolerance, autoimmunity, and use for cancer immunotherapy. Immunol. Rev. 188:136-146, 2002.
47. Epstein, W. L., R. Sagebeil, L. Spitler, J. Wybran, W. B. Reed, and M. S. Blois. Halo nevi and melanoma. JAMA 225:373-377, 1973.
48. Ferradini, L., A. Mackensen, C. Genevee, J. Bosq, P. Duvillard, M. F. Avril, and T. Hercend. Analysis of T cell receptor variability in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from a human regressive melanoma. Evidence for in situ T cell clonal expansion. J. Clin. Invest. 91: 1183-1190, 1993.
49. Fontaine, D., W. Parkhill, W. Greer, and N. Walsh. Partial regression of primary cutaneous melanoma: is there an association with sub-clinical sentinel lymph node metastasis? J. Am. Dermatopathol. 25:371-376, 2003.
50. Fournier, G. A., D. M. Albert, and M. D. Wagoner. Choroidal halo nevus occurring in a patient with vitiligo. Surv. Ophtalmol. 28:671-672, 1984.
51. Frank, S. B., and H. J. Cohen. The halo nevus. Arch. Dermatol. 89:367-373, 1964.
52. Garcia, R. L., and S. E. Gano. Halo congenital nevus. Cutis 23:338-339, 1979.
53. Gauthier, Y., Surleve-Bazielle, J. E., O. Gauthier, and L. Texier. Ultrastructure of halo nevi. J. Cutan. Pathol. 2:71-81, 1975.
54. Grichnik, J. M., A. R. Rhodes, A. J. Sober. Benign hyperplasias and neoplasias of melanocytes, In: I. M. Freedberg, A. Z. Eisen, K. Wolff, K. F. Austen, L. A. Goldsmith, and S. I. Katz (eds). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine. New York, McGraw-Hill, 2003, p. 881.
55. Gromet, M. A., W. L. Epstein, and M. S. Blois. The regressing thin malignant melanoma. A distinctive lesion with metastatic potential. Cancer 42:2282-2292, 1978.
56. Guerder, S., and P. Matzinger. A fail-safe mechanism for maintaining self-tolerance. J. Exp. Med. 176:553-564, 1992.
57. Guilloux, Y., C. Viret, N. Gervois, D. Lerean, E., M. C. Pandolfino, E. Diez, and F. Jotereau. Defective lymphokine production by most CD8+ and CD4+ tumor-specific T cell clones derived from human melanoma-infiltrating lymphocytes in response to autologous tumor cells in vitro. J. Eur. Immunol. 24:1966-1973, 1994.
58. Guitart, J., L. Lowe, M. Piepkorn, V. G. Prieto, M. S. Rabkin, S. G. Ronan, C. R. Shea, V. A. Tron, W. White, and R. L. Barnhill. Histological characteristics of metastasizing thin melanomas: a case-control study of 43 cases. Arch. Dermatol. 138:603-608, 2002.
59. Halliday, G. M., A. Patel, M. J. Hunt, F. J. Tefany, C. R. S. Barnetson. Spontaneous regression of human melanoma/nonmelanoma skin cancer: association with infiltrating CD4+ T cells. J. World Surg. 19:352-358, 1995.
60. Hara, I., Y. Takechi, and A. N. Houghton. Implicating a role for immune recognition of self in tumor rejection: passive immunization against the brown locus protein. J. Exp. Med. 182:1609-1614, 1995.
61. Hashimoto, K. Ultrastructural studies of halo nevus. Cancer 34:1653-1666, 1974.
62. Hashimoto, K. A case of halo nevus with effete melanocytes. Acta Dermatol. Venereol. (Stock). 55:87-95, 1975.
63. Hawkins, W. G., J. S. Gold, R. Dyall, J. D. Wolchok, A. Hoos, W. B. Bowne, R. Srinivasan, A. N. Houghton, and J. J. Lewis. Immunization with DNA coding for gp100 results in CD4 T-cell independent antitumor immunity. Surgery 128:273-280, 2000.
64. Ho, R. C. Medical management of stage IV malignant melanoma: medical issues. Cancer 75:735-741, 1995.
65. Hori, Y. Quoted in W. E. Smith, and J. C. Moseley. Multiple halo neurofibromas. Arch. Dermatol. 112:987-990, 1976.
66. Jacobs, J. B., L. M. Edelstein, L. M. Snyder, and N. Fortier. Ultra-structural evidence for destruction in the halo nevus. Cancer Res. 35:352-357, 1975.
67. Jager, E., E. Stockert, Z. Zidianakis, Y. T. Chen, J. Karbach, D. Jager, M. Arand, G. Ritter, L. J. Old, and A. Knuth. Humoral immune responses of cancer patients against "cancer-testis" antigen NY-ESO-1: correlation with clinical events. J. Int. Cancer 84:506-510, 1999.
68. Kang, S., R. L. Barnhill, M. C. Mihm, and A. J. Sober. Histologic regression in malignant melanoma: an interobserver concordance study. J. Cutan. Pathol. 20:126-129, 1993.
69. Kawakami, Y., S. Eliyahu, C. Jennings, K. Sakaguchi, X. Kang, S. Southwood, P. F. Robbins, A. Sette, E. Appella, and S. A. Rosenberg. Recognition of mutiple epitopes in the human melanoma antigen gp100 by tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes associated with in vivo tumour regression. J. Immunol. 154:3961-3968, 1995.
70. Kawamura, T et al. Gray hair on the nevus cell nevus. J. Jpn Dermatol. 73:305-308, 1963.
71. Kelly, J. W., R. W. Sagebiel, and M. S. Blois. Regression in malignant melanoma. A histological feature without prognostic significance. Cancer 56:2287-2291, 1985.
72. Kierstead, L. S., E. Ranieri, W. Olson, V. Brusic, J. Sidney, A. Sette, Y. L. Kasamon, C. L. J. Slingluffr, J. M. Kirkwood, and W. J. Storkus. Gp100/pmel17 and tyrosinase encode multiple epitopes recognized by Th1-type CD4+T cells. Br. J. Cancer 85:1738-1745, 2001.
73. King, M., D. Spooner, and D. C. Rowlands. Spontaneous regression of metastatic malignant melanoma of the parotid gland and neck lymph nodes: a case report and review of the literature. Clin. Oncol. (R. Coll. Radiol.) 13:466-469, 2001.
74. Kiniwa, Y., T. Fujita, M. Akada, K. Ito, T. Shofuda, Y. Suzuki, A. Yamamoto, T. Saida, and Y. Kawakami. Tumor antigens isolated from a patient with vitiligo and T-cell-infiltrated melanoma. Cancer Res. 61:7900-7907, 2001.
75. Knuth, A., T. Wolfel, E. Klehman, T. Boon, K. H. Meyer zum Buschenfelde. Cytolytic T-cell clones against an autologous human melanoma: specificity study and definition of three antigens by immunoselection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 86:2804-2808, 1989.
76. Koh, H. K., A. J. Sober, H. Nakagawa, D. M. Albert, M. C. Mihm, and T. B. Fitzpatrick. Malignant melanoma and vitiligo-like leukoderma: an electron microscopic study. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 9:696-708, 1983.
77. Kopf, A. W., S. D. Morrill, and I. Silberberg. Broad spectrum of leukoderma acquisitum centrifugum. Arch. Dermatol. 92:14-35, 1965.
78. Krause, S. W., C. Neumann, A. Soruri, S. Mayer, J. H. Peters, and R. Andreesen. The treatment of patients with disseminated malignant melanoma by vaccination with autologous cell hybrids of tumor cells and dendritic cells. J. Immunother. 25:421-428, 2002.
79. Lane, C., J. Leitch, X. Tan, J. Hadjati, J. L. Bramson, and Y. Wan. Vaccination induced autoimmune vitiligo is a consequence of secondary trauma to the skin. Cancer Res. 64:1509-1514, 2004.
80. Larsson, P.-A., and S. Liden. Prevalence of skin disease among adolescents 12-16 years of age. Acta Derm. Venereol. (Stock.) 60:415-423, 1980.
81. Laucius, J. F., and M. J. Mastrangelo. Cutaneous depigmentary phenomena in patients with malignant melanoma. In: W. H. Clark, L. I. Goldman, and M. Mastrangelo (eds), Human Malignant Melanoma, New York: Grune & Stratton, 1979, pp. 209-225.
82. Le Gal, F. A., C. Paul, and P. Chemaly. More on cutaneous reactions to recombinant cytokine therapy. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 35:650, 1996.
83. Le Gal, F. A., M. F. Avril, J. Bosq, P. Lefebvre, J. C. Deschemin, M. Andrieu, M. X. Dore, and J. G. Guillet. Direct evidence to support the role of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in melanoma-associated vitiligo. J. Invest. Dermatol. 117:1464-1470, 2001.
84. Lee, P. P., C. Yee, P. A. Savage, L. Fong, D. Brockstedt, J. S. Weber, D. Johnson, S. Swetter, J. Thompson, P. D. Greenberg, M. Roederer, and M. M. Davis. Characterization of circulating T cells specific for tumor-associated antigens in melanoma patients. Nat. Med. 5:677-685, 1999.
85. Lengagne, R., F. A. Le Gal, M. Garcette, L. Fiette, P. Ave, M. Kato, J. P. Briand, C. Massot, I. Nakashima, L. Renia, J. G. Guillet, and A. Prevost-Blondel. Spontaneous vitiligo in an animal model for human melanoma: role of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells. Cancer Res. 64:1496-1501, 2004.
86. Lerner, A. B., and J. J. Nordlund. Vitiligo. What is it? Is it important? JAMA 239:1183-1187, 1978.
87. Leszczynski, R. S. Uberuttonsche Krankheit (Leucoderma acquisitum centrifugum). Dermatol. Wochenschr. 82:575-578, 1926.
88. Levin, O. Nevus reticularis et pigmentosus. Arch. Dermatol. Syphil. 27:141, 1933.
89. Lindelöf, B., M.-A. Hedblad, and B. Sigurgeirsson. On the association between vitiligo and malignant melanoma. Acta Derm. Venereol. 78:483-484, 1998.
90. Lüscher, U., L. Filgueira, A. Juretic, M. Zuber, N. J. Luscher, M. Heberer, and G. C. Spagnoli. The pattern of cytokine gene expression in freshly excised human metastatic melanoma suggests a state of reversible anergy of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. J. Int. Cancer 57:612-619, 1994.
91. Mackensen, A., B. Herbst, J. L. Chen, G. Köhler, C. Noppen, W. Herr, G. C. Spagnoli, V. Cerundolo, and A. Lindemann. I. Phase study in melanoma patients of a vaccine with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells generated in vitro from CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. J. Int. Cancer 86:385-392, 2000.
92. Massi, D., A. Franchi, L. Borgognoni, U. M. Reali, and M. Santucci. Thin cutaneous malignant melanomas (or = 1.5mm): identification of risk factors indicative of progression. Cancer 85:1067-1076, 1999.
93. McGovern, V. J. Spontaneous regression of melanoma. Pathology 7:91-99, 1975.
94. McGovern, V. J., H. M. Shaw, and G. W. Milton. Prognosis in patients with thin malignant melanoma: influence of regression. Histopathology 7:673-680, 1983.
95. McLean, P. L., R. A. Lew, A. J. Soben, M. C. Mihm, and T. B. Fitzpatrick Jr. On the prognostic importance of white depressed areas in the primary lesion of superficial spreading melanoma. Cancer 43:157-161, 1979.
96. Menzies, S. W., and W. H. McCarthy. Complete regression of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma. Arch. Surg. 132:553-556, 1997.
97. Merimsky, O., Y. Shoenfeld, and P. Fishman. The clinical significance of antityrosinase antibodies in melanoma and related hypopigmen-tary lesions. Clin. Rev. Immunol. Allergy 16:227-236, 1998.
98. Merimsky, O., Y. Shoenfeld, E. Baharav, R. Zigelman, and P. Fishman. Reactivity to tyrosinase: expression in cancer (melanoma) and autoimmunity (vitiligo). Hum. Antibodies Hybridomas. 7:151-156, 1996.
99. Mihm, Jr. M. C., W. H. Clark Jr., L. From. The clinical diagnosis, classification and histogenic concepts of the early stages of cutaneous malignant melanomas. N. Engl. J. Med. 284:1078-1082, 1971.
100. Mishima, Y., H. Kawasaki, and H. Pinkus. Dendritic cell dynamics in progressive depigmentations. Distinctive cytokinetics of-dendritic cells revealed by electron microscopy. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 243: 67-87, 1972.
101. Montpellier, J. Vitiligo a debut perinaevique. S. Bulloc. France Dermatol. Syphiligr. 29:81-83, 1922.
102. Musette, P., H. Bachelez, B. Flageul, C. Delarbre, P. Kourilsky, L. Dubertret, and G. Gachelin. Immune-mediated destruction of melanocytes in halo nevi is associated with the local expansion of a limited number of T cell clones. J. Immunol. 162:1789-1784, 1999.
103. Naftzger, C., Y. Takechi, H. Kohda, I. Hara, S. Vijayasaradhi, and A. Houghton. Immune response to a differentiation antigen induced by altered antigen: a study of tumor rejection and autoimmunity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 93:14809-14, 1996.
104. Nagai, H., I. Hara, T. Horikawa, M. Oka, S. Kamidono, and M. Ichihashi. Elimination of CD4+ T cells enhances anti-tumor effect of locally secreted IL-12 on B16 mouse melanoma and induces vitiligo-like coat color alteration. J. Invest. Dermatol. 115:1059-1064, 2000.
105. Naruns, P. L., J. A. Nizze, A. J. Cochran, M. B. Lee, and D. L. Morton. Recurrence potential of thin primary melanomas. Cancer 57: 545-548, 1986.
106. Nathanson, L. Spontaneous regression of malignant melanoma: a review of the literature on the incidence, clinical features and possible mechanisms. Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr. 44:67-76, 1976.
107. Nestle, F. O., S. Alijagic, M. Gilliet, Y. Sun, S. Grabbe, R. Dummer, G. Burg, and D. Schadendorf. Vaccination of melanoma patients with peptide-or tumour lysate-pulsed dendritic cells. Nat. Med. 4:328-332, 1998.
108. Niles, HD. Leukoderma acquisitum centrifugum. Arch. Dermatol. Syphil. 43:357-360, 1951.
109. Nordlund, J. J., J. M. Kirkwood, B. M. Forget, G. Milton, D. M. Albert, and A. B. Lerner. Vitiligo in patients with metastatic melanoma: a good prognostic sign. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 9:689-696, 1983.
110. Norris, D. A., G. M. Kissinger, G. M. Naughton, and J. C. Bystryn. Evidence for immunologic mechanisms in human vitiligo: patients' sera induce damage to human melanocytes in vitro by complement-mediated damage and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. J. Invest. Dermatol. 90:783-789, 1988.
111. Olah, J., R. Gyulai, I. Korom, E. Varga, and A. Dobozy. Tumour regression predicts higher risk of sentinel node involvement in thin cutaneous melanomas. Br. J. Dermatol. 149:662-663, 2003.
112. Ortonne, J. P. V. Leitiligo: Maladie ou Syndrome. Lyon: M. The-seedecine, 1974.
113. Ortonne, J. P., D. B. Mosher, and T. B. Fitzpatrick. Topics in Dermatology: Vitiligo and Other Hypomelanoses of Hair and Skin. New York: Plenum Press, 1983, pp. 567-611.
114. Ortonne, J. P., Y. Gauthier, G. Guillet, and O. Gauthier. Depigmentation cutanee associee au melanome malin. Ann. Dermatol. Venereol. 105:1043-1052, 1978.
115. Osanto, S., P. P. Schiphorst, N. I. Weijl, N. Dijkstra, W. Vanees, A., N. Brouwenstein, N. Vaessen, J. H. Van Krieken, J. M. J. Hermans, F. J. Cleton, and P. I. Schrier. Vaccination of melanoma patients with an allogeneic genetically modified interleukin 2 producing melanoma cell line. Hum. Gene Ther. 11:739-750, 2000.
116. Ossendorp, F., E. Mengedé, M. Camps, R. Filius, and C. J. M. T. Melief. Specific helper cell requirement for optimal induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against major histocompatibility complex class II negative tumors. J. Exp. Med. 187:693-702, 1998.
117. Overwijk, W. W., D. S. Lee, D. R. Surman, K. R. Irvine, C. E. Touloukian, C. C. Chan, M. W. Carroll, B. Moss, S. A. Rosenberg, and N. P. Restifo. Vaccination with a recombinant vaccinia virus encoding a "self" antigen induces autoimmune vitiligo and tumor cell destruction in mice: requirement for CD4+ T lymphocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 96:2982-2987, 1999.
118. Overwijk, W. W., M. R. Theoret, S. E. Finkelstein, D. R. Surman, de L. A. Jong, F. A. Vyth-Dreese, T. A. Dellemijn, P. A. Antony, P. J. Spiess, D. C. Palmer, D. M. Heimann, C. A. Klebanoff, Z. Yu, L. N. Hwang, L. Feigenbaum, A. M. Kruisbeek, S. A. Rosenberg, and N. P. Restifo. Tumor regression and autoimmunity after reversal of a functionally tolerant state of self-reactive CD8+ T cells. J. Exp. Med. 198:569-580, 2003.
119. Paladagu, R. R., and R. H. Yonemeto. Biologic behaviour of thin malignant melanomas with regressive changes. Arch. Surg. 118:4144, 1983.
120. Parkin, M., P. Pisani, and J. Ferlay. Estimates of the worldwide incidence of 25 major cancers in 1990. Int. J. Cancer 1999; 80:827-841.
121. Perrot, H et al. Vitiligo, thyreopathies et autoimmunite. Med. Lyon 230:325-331, 1973.
122. Petges, M. Naevus achromique (ou vitiligo perinaevique). S. Bulloc. France Dermatol. Syphiligr. 28:302-304, 1921.
123. Phan, G. Q., J. C. Yang, R. M. Sherry, P. Hwu, S. L. Topalian, D. J. Schwartzentruber, N. P. Restifo, L. R. Haworth, C. A. Seipp, L. J. Freezer, K. E. Morton, S. A. Mavroukakis, P. H. Duray, S. M. Steinberg, J. P. Allison, T. A. Davis, and S. A. Rosenberg. Cancer regression and autoimmunity induced by cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade in patients with metastatic melanoma. Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 100:8372-8377, 2003.
124. Prehn, R. T. The paradoxical association of regression with a poor prognosis in melanoma contrasted with a good prognosis in kerato-acanthoma. Cancer Res. 56:937-940, 1996.
125. Printz, C. Spontaneous regression of melanoma may offer insight into cancer immunology. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 93:1047-1048, 2001.
126. Puisieux, I., J. Even, C. Pannetier, F. Jotereau, M. Favrot, and P. Kourilsky. Oligoclonality of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes from human melanomas. J. Immunol. 153:2807-2818, 1994.
127. Reed, R. J., S. V. Webb, and W. H. Clark, Jr. Minimal deviation melanoma (halo nevus variant). Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 14:53-68, 1990.
128. Reed, R. J., H. Ichinose, W. H. Clark, and M. C. Mihm. Common and uncommon melanocytic nevi and borderline melanomas. Semin. Oncol. 2:119-147, 1975.
129. Ridge, J. P., R. Diosa, F., and P. Matzinger. A conditioned dendritic cell can be temporal bridge between a CD4+ T-helper and a T-killer cell. Nature 393:474-478, 1998.
130. Ridley, C. M. Giant halo nevus with spontaneous resolution. Trans. St. Johns Hosp. Dermatol. Soc. 60:54-58, 1974.
131. Rigel, D. S., G. S. Rogers, and R. J. Friedman. Prognosis in malignant melanoma. Clin. Dermatol. 3:309-314, 1985.
132. Rodriguez-Cuevas, S., A. Lopez-Chavira, G. Zepeda del Rio, I. Cuadra-Garcia, and J. Fernandez-Diez. Prognostic significance of cutanous depigmentation in Mexican patients with malignant melanoma. Arch. Med. Res. 29:155-158, 1998.
133. Rohdenburg, G. L. Spontaneous recession of multiple pigmented moles. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 4:528-529, 1927.
134. Ronan, S. A., A. M. Eng, H. A. Briele, N. N. Shioura, T. Das, and K. Gupta. Thin malignant melanomas with regression and metastases. Arch. Dermatol. 123:1326-1330, 1987.
135. Rosenberg, S. A., and D. E. White. Vitiligo in patients with melanoma: normal tissue antigens can be targets for cancer immunotherapy. J. Immunother. Emphasis Immunol. Tumor 19:81-84, 1996.
136. Rosenberg, S. A., J. C. Yang, D. Schwartzentruber, P. Hwu, F. M. Marincola, S. L. Topalian, N. P. Restifo, M. E. Dudley, S. L. Schwarz, P. J. Spiess, J. R. Wunderlich, M. R. Parkhurst, Y. Kawakami, C. A. Seipp, J. H. Einhorn, and D. E. White. Immunologic and therapeutic evaluation of a synthetic tumour associated peptide vaccine for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma. Nat. Med. 4:321-327, 1998.
137. Rosenberg, S. A., J. R. Yannelli, J. C. Yang, S. L. Topalian, D. J. Schwartzentruber, J. S. Weber, D. R. Parkinson, C. A. Seipp, J. H. Einhorn, and D. E. White. Treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma with autologous tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and interleukin 2. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 86:1159-1166, 1994.
138. Rosenberg, S. A., Y. Kawakami, P. F. Robbins, and R. Wang. Identification of the genes encoding cancer antigens: implications for cancer immunotherapy. Adv. Cancer Res. 70:145-177, 1996.
139. Ruiter, D. J., A. K. Bhan, T. J. Harris, A. J. Sober, and M. C. Mihm. Major histocompatibility antigens and mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate in benign nevo-melanocytic proliferations and malignant melanoma. J. Immunol. 129:2808-2814, 1982.
140. Rünger, T. M., C. E. Klein, J. C. Becker, and E. B. Bröcker. The role of genetic instability, adhesion, cell motility and immune escape mechanisms in melanoma progression. Curr. Opin. Oncol. 6:188-196, 1994.
141. Saleh, F. H., K. A. Crotty, P. Hersey, and S. W. Menzies. Primary melanoma tumour regression associated with an immune response to the tumour-associated antigen Melan-A/MART-1. Int. J. Cancer 94:551-557, 2001.
142. Scheibenbogen, C., W. Hunstein, and U. Keilholz. Vitiligo-like lesions following immunotherapy with interferon-alpha and IL-2 in melanoma patients. J. Eur. Cancer 30 A: 1209-1211, 1994.
143. Schoenberger, S. P., R. E. Toes, van der E. I. Voort, R. Offringa, and C. J. Melief. T-cell help for cytotoxic T lymphocytes is mediated by CD40-CD40L interactions. Nature 393:480-483, 1998.
144. Schultz, E. S., B. Lethe, C. L. Cambiaso, S. Vannick, J., P. Chaux, J. Corthals, C. Heirman, K. Thielemans, T. Boon, van der P. Bruggen. A MAGE-A3 peptide presented by HLA-DP4 is recognized on tumor cells by CD4+ cytolytic T lymphocytes. Cancer Res. 60:6272-6275, 2000.
145. Shallreuter, K. U., C. Levening, and J. Berger. Vitiligo and cutaneous melanoma. Dermatologica 183:239-245, 1991.
146. Shaw, H. M., W. H. McCarthy, S. W. McCarthy, and G. W. Milton. Thin malignant melanomas and recurrence potential. Arch. Surg. 122:1147-1150, 1987.
147. Shaw, H. M., S. W. McCarthy, W. H. McCarthy, J. F. Thompson, and G. W. Milton. Thin regressing malignant melanoma: significance of concurrent regional lymph node metastases. Histopathology 15:257-265, 1989.
148. Slingluff, C. L., G. R. Petroni, G. V. Yamshchikov, D. L. Barnd, S. Eastham, H. Galavotti, J. W. Patterson, D. H. Deacon, S. Hibbitts, D. Teates, P. Y. Neese, W. W. Grosh, Chianese-Bullock, K. A., E. M. Woodson, C. J. Wiernasz, P. Merrill, J. Gibson, M. Ross, and V. H. Engelhard. Clinical and immunological results of a randomized phase II trial of vaccination using four melanoma peptides either administered in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in adjuvant or pulsed on dendritic cells. J. Clin. Oncol. 21:4016-4026, 2003.
149. Slingluff, C. L., R. T. Vollmer, D. S. Reintgen, and H. F. Seigler. Lethal "thin" malignant melanoma: identifying patients at risk. Ann. Surg. 208:150-161, 1988.
150. Smith, J., and J. Stehlin. Spontaneous regression of primary malignant melanomas with regional metastases. Cancer 18:1399-1415, 1965.
151. Smith, W. E., and J. C. Moseley. Multiple halo neurofibromas. Arch. Dermatol. 112:987-990, 1976.
152. Søndergaard, K., and K. Hou-Jensen. Partial regression in thin primary cutaneous malignant melanomas clinical stage I. Arch. Virchows (Pathol. Anat.) 408:241-247, 1985.
153. Stegmaier, O. C. Natural regression of the melanocytes nevus. J. Invest. Dermatol. 32:413-421, 1959.
154. Steitz, J., J. Brück, K. Steinbrink, A. Enk, J. Knop, and T. Tüting. Genetic immunization of mice with human tyrosinase related protein2: implications for the immunotherapy of melanoma. J. Int. Cancer 86:89-94, 2000.
155. Storkus, W. J., and H. M. Zarour. Melanoma antigens recognised by CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Forum (Genova) 10:256-270, 2000.
156. Swanson, J. L., D. M. Wayte, and E. B. Helwig. Ultrastructure of halo nevi. J. Invest. Dermatol. 50:434-450, 1968.
157. Takechi, Y., I. Hara, C. Naftzger, Y. Xu, and A. N. Houghton. A melanosomal membrane protein is a cell surface target for melanoma therapy. Clin. Cancer Res. 2:1837-1842, 1996.
158. Takei, M., Y. Mishima, and H. Uda. Immunopathology of vitiligo vulgaris, Sutton's leukoderma and melanoma-associated vitiligo in relation to steroid effects. I. Circulating antibodies for cultured melanoma cells. J. Cutan. Pathol. 11:107-113, 1984.
159. Toes, R. E., F. Ossendorp, R. Offringa, and C. J. Melief. CD4 T cells and their role in antitumor immune responses. J. Exp. Med. 189:753-756, 1999.
160. Tokura, Y., K. Yamanaka, H. Wakita, S. Kurokawa, D. Horiguchi, A. Usui, S. Sayam, and M. Takigawa. Halo congenital nevus undergoing spontaneous regression. Arch. Dermatol. 130:1036-1041, 1994.
161. Trau, H., D. S. Rigel, M. N. Harris, A. W. Kopf, R. J. Friedman, S. L. Gumport, R. S. Bart, and R. N. Grier. Metastases of thin melanomas. Cancer 51:553-556, 1983 a.
162. Trau, H., A. W. Kopf, D. S. Rigel, J. Levine, G. Rogers, M. Levenstein, R. S. Bart, M. M. Mintzis, and R. J. Friedman. Regression in malignant melanoma. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 8:363-368, 1983 b.
163. Trefzer, U., G. Weingart, Y. Chen, G. Herberth, K. Adrian, H. Winter, H. Audring, Y. Guo, W. Sterry, and P. Walden. Hybrid cell vaccination for cancer immune therapy: first clinical trial with metastatic melanoma. J. Int. Cancer 85:618-626, 2000.
164. Tsao, H., P. Millman, G. P. Linette, F. S. Hodi, A. J. Sober, M. A. Goldberg, and F. G. Haluska. Hypopigmentation associated with an adenovirus-mediated gp100/MART-1 transduced dendritic cell vaccine for metastatic melanoma. Arch. Dermatol. 138:799-802, 2002.
165. Tsuji, K., Y. Obata, T. Yakahashi, J. Arata, and E. Nakayama. Requirement of CD4 T cells for skin graft rejection against thymus leukaemia (TL) antigen and multiple epitopes on the TL molecule recognized by CD4 T cells. J. Immunol. 159:159-166, 1997.
166. Turk, M. J., J. D. Wolchok, J. A. Guevara-Patino, S. M. Goldberg, and A. N. Houghton. Multiple pathways to tumor immunity and concomitant autoimmunity. Immunol. Rev. 188:122-135, 2002.
167. Uda, H., M. Takei, and Y. Mishima. Immunopathology of vitiligo vulgaris, Sutton's leukoderma and melanoma-associated vitiligo in relation to steroid effects. II. The IgG and C3 deposits in the skin. J. Cutan. Pathol. 11:114-124, 1984.
168. Valmori, D., J. F. Fonteneau, C. M. Lizana, N. Gervois, D. Lienard, D. Rimoldi, V. Jongeneel, F. Jotereau, J. C. Cerottini, and P. Romero. Enhanced generation of specific tumour-reactive CTL in vitro by selected Melan-A/MART-1 immunodominant peptide analogues. J. Immunol. 160:1750-1758, 1998.
169. Valmori, D., M. J. Pittet, C. Vonarbourg, D. Rimoldi, D. Liénard, D. Speiser, R. Dunbar, V. Cerundolo, J. C. Cerottini, and P. Romero. Analysis of the cytolytic T lymphocyte response of melanoma patients to the natural HLA-A*0201-associated tyrosinase peptide 368-376. Cancer Res. 59:4050-4055, 1999.
170. Valmori, D., V. Dutoit, D. Liénard, F. Lejeune, D. Speiser, D. Rimoldi, V. Cerundolo, P. Y. Dietrich, J. C. Cerottini, and P. Romero. Tetramer-guided analysis of TCRβ-chain usage reveals a large repertoire of melan-A-specific CD8+ T cells in melanoma patients. J. Immunol. 165:533-538, 2000.
171. van Elsas A., A. A. Hurwitz, and J. P. Allison. Combination immunotherapy of B16 melanoma using anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-producing vaccines induces rejection of subcutaneous and metastatic tumors accompanied by autoimmune depigmentation. J. Exp. Med. 190:355-366, 1999.
172. Van den Eynde, B., P. Hainaut, M. Herin, A. Knuth, C. Lemoine, P. Weynants, P. van der Bruggen, R. Fauchet, and T. Boon. Presence on a human melanoma of multiple antigens recognized by autologous CTL. J. Int. Cancer 44:634-640, 1989.
173. von Herrath, M. G., M. Yokoyama, J. Dockter, M. B. Oldstone, and J. L. Whitton. CD4-deficient mice have reduced levels of memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes after immunization and show diminished resistance to subsequent virus challenge. J. Virol. 70:1072-1079, 1996.
174. Wada, H., T. Ono, A. Uenaka, M. Monden, and E. Nakayama. Requirement of CD4+ T cells and antigen-presenting cells from primary in vitro generation of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells against Ld-binding self-peptide p2Ca. Immunology 84:633-637, 1995.
175. Wagner, S. N., T. Schultewolter, C. Wagner, L. Briedigkeit, H. M. Kwasnicka, and M. Goos. Immune response against human primary malignant melanoma: a distinct cytokine mRNA profile associated with spontaneous regression. Lab. Invest. 78:541-550, 1998.
176. Walter, E. A., P. D. Greenberg, M. J. Gilbert, R. J. Finch, K. S. Watanabe, E. D. Thomas, and S. R. Riddell. Reconstitution of cellular immunity against cytomegalovirus in recipients of allogeneic bone marrow by transfer of T-cell clones from the donor. N. J. Engl. Med. 333:1038-1044, 1995.
177. Wankowicz-Kalinska, A., C. Le Poole, R. van den. Wijngaard, W. J. Storkus, and P. K. Das. Melanocyte-specific immune response in melanoma and vitiligo: two faces of the same coin? Pigment. Cell Res. 16:254-260, 2003.
178. Wayte, D. M., R. A. M. C. Major, and E. B. Helwig. Halo nevi. Cancer 22:69-90, 1968.
179. Weber, F. P. A law regarding the distribution of the depigmented (leucodermic) patches of vitiligo, when they are superadded to mole-like nevi. Br. J. Dis. Child. 21:202-206, 1924.
180. Weber, L. W., W. B. Bowne, J. D. Wolchok, R. Srinivasan, J. Qin, Y. Moroi, R. Clynes, P. Song, J. J. Lewis, and A. N. Houghton. Tumor immunity and autoimmunity induced by immunization with homologous DNA. J. Clin. Invest. 102:1258-1264, 1998.
181. Wolfel, T., E. Klehmann, C. Muller, K. H. Schutt, K. H. Meyer zum Buschenfelde, and A. Knuth. Lysis of human melanoma cells by autologous cytolytic T cell clones. Identification of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen A2 as a restriction element for three different antigens. J. Exp. Med. 170:797-810, 1989.
182. Wolkenstein, P., O. Chosidow, and J. C. Guillaume. Vitiligo-like lesions in melanoma treated with interleukin-2: 4 cases. Ann. Dermatol. Venereol. 119:907-909, 1992.
183. Yagi, H., M. Matsumoto, K. Kunimoto, J. Kawaguchi, S. Makino, and M. Harada. Analysis of the roles of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in autoimmune diabetes of NOD mice using transfer to NOD athymic nude mice. J. Eur. Immunol. 22:2387-2393, 1992.
184. Yamada, M. Studies on Guanofuracin leukoderma. J. Jpn. Dermatol. Venereol. 65:187-202, 1955.
185. Yee, C., J. A. Thompson, P. Roche, D. R. Byrd, P. P. Lee, M. Piepkorn, K. Kenyon, M. M. Davis, S. R. Riddell, and P. D. Greenberg. Melanocyte destruction after antigen-specific immunotherapy of melanoma: direct evidence of T cell-mediated vitiligo. J. Exp. Med. 192:1637-1644, 2000.
186. Zalaudek, I., G. Argenziano, G. Ferrara, H. P. Soyer, R. Corona, F. Sera, L. Cerroni, A. Carbone, A. Chiominto, L. Cicale, R. Deosa, G., A. Ferrari, Hofmann-Wellenhof, R., J. Malvehy, K. Peris, M. A. Pizzichetta, S. Puig, M. Scalvenzi, S. Staibano, and V. Ruocco. Clinically equivocal melanocytic skin lesions with features of regression: a dermoscopic-pathological study. Br. J. Dermatol. 150:64-71, 2004.
187. Zorn, E., and T. Hercend. A MAGE-6-encoded peptide is recognized by expanded lymphocytes infiltrating a spontaneously regressing human primary melanoma lesion. Eur. J. Immunol. 29:602-607, 1999 a.
188. Zorn, E., and T. Hercend. A natural cytotoxic T cell response in a spontaneously regressing human melanoma targets a neoantigen resulting from a somatic point mutation. Eur. J. Immunol. 29:592-601, 1999 b.