Advancing hypoxic training in team sports: From intermittent hypoxic training to repeated sprint training in hypoxia

British Journal of Sports Medicine

Volumn 47, Issue SUPPL. 1, 2013, Pages

  Faiss, Raphaël ^a   Girard, Olivier ^b   Millet, Grégoire P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LAUSANNE   (Switzerland)

^b ASPETAR ORTHOPAEDIC AND SPORTS MEDICINE HOSPITAL   (Qatar)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; OXYGEN;

ACCLIMATIZATION; ALTITUDE; ANOXIA; ASSESSING PHYSICAL TRAINING MODALITIES IN ENHANCING SPORTS PERFORMANCE; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; EVIDENCE BASED REVIEWS; EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY; GROUP PROCESS; HUMAN; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; RUNNING; TRAINING; VASODILATATION;

ALTITUDE; ASSESSING PHYSICAL TRAINING MODALITIES IN ENHANCING SPORTS PERFORMANCE; EVIDENCE BASED REVIEWS; EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY; TRAINING;

ACCLIMATIZATION; ALTITUDE; ANOXIA; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; GROUP PROCESSES; HUMANS; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE TYPE III; OXYGEN; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; RUNNING; VASODILATION;

EID: 84888632933     PISSN: 03063674     EISSN: 14730480     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092741     Document Type: Review

References (92)

1. Wilber RL. Application of altitude/hypoxic training by elite athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007;39:1610-24
2. Millet GP, Roels B, Schmitt L, et al. Combining hypoxic methods for peak performance. Sports Med 2010;40:1-25
3. Billaut F, Gore CJ, Aughey RJ. Enhancing team-sport athlete performance: is altitude training relevant? Sports Med 2012;42:751-67
4. Levine BD, Stray-Gundersen J. Dose-response of altitude training: how much altitude is enough? Adv Exp Med Biol 2006;588:233-47
5. Wilber RL, Stray-Gundersen J, Levine BD. Effect of hypoxic 'dose' on physiological responses and sea-level performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007;39:1590-9
6. Aughey RJ, Clark SA, Gore CJ, et al. Interspersed normoxia during live high, train low interventions reverses an early reduction in muscle Na+, K+ ATPase activity in well-trained athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2006;98:299-309
7. Wilber RL. Current trends in altitude training. Sports Med 2001;31:249-65
8. Semenza GL, Shimoda LA, Prabhakar NR. Regulation of gene expression by HIF-1. Novartis Found Symp 2006;272:2-8; discussion 8-14, 33-6
9. Lundby C, Calbet JA, Robach P. The response of human skeletal muscle tissue to hypoxia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009;66:3615-23
10. Hoppeler H, Vogt M. Muscle tissue adaptations to hypoxia. J Exp Biol 2001; 204(Pt 18):3133-9
11. Vogt M, Puntschart A, Geiser J, et al. Molecular adaptations in human skeletal muscle to endurance training under simulated hypoxic conditions. J Appl Physiol 2001;91:173-82
12. Zoll J, Ponsot E, Dufour S, et al. Exercise training in normobaric hypoxia in endurance runners. III. Muscular adjustments of selected gene transcripts. J Appl Physiol 2006;100:1258-66
13. Bartsch P, Dvorak J, Saltin B. A rebuttal. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2009;19:608
14. Gatterer H, Faulhaber M, Netzer N. Hypoxic training for football players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2009;19:607; author reply 08
15. Millet GP, Faiss R. Hypoxic conditions and exercise-to-rest ratio are likely paramount. Sports Med 2012;42:1081-3
16. Morton JP, Cable NT. Effects of intermittent hypoxic training on aerobic and anaerobic performance. Ergonomics 2005;48:1535-46
17. Daniels J, Oldridge N. The effects of alternate exposure to altitude and sea level on world-class middle-distance runners. Med Sci Sports 1970;2:107-12
18. Friedmann B, Frese F, Menold E, et al. Individual variation in the erythropoietic response to altitude training in elite junior swimmers. Br J Sports Med 2005;39:148-53
19. Gore CJ, Hahn A, Rice A, et al. Altitude training at 2690m does not increase total haemoglobin mass or sea level VO2max in world champion track cyclists. J Sci Med Sport 1998;1:156-70
20. Mizuno M, Juel C, Bro-Rasmussen T, et al. Limb skeletal muscle adaptation in athletes after training at altitude. J Appl Physiol 1990;68:496-502
21. Lundby C, Millet GP, Calbet JA, et al. Does 'altitude training' increase exercise performance in elite athletes? Br J Sports Med 2012;46:792-5
22. Hamlin MJ, Marshall HC, Hellemans J, et al. Effect of intermittent hypoxic training on 20 km time trial and 30s anaerobic performance. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2010;20:651-61
23. Manimmanakorn A, Hamlin MJ, Ross JJ, et al. Effects of low-load resistance training combined with blood flow restriction or hypoxia on muscle function and performance in netball athletes. J Sci Med Sport 2013;16:337-42
24. Iaia M, Rampinini E, Bangsbo J. High-intensity training in football. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2009;4:291-306
25. Millet GP, Faiss R, Brocherie F, et al. Hypoxic training and team sports: a challenge to traditional methods? Br J Sports Med 2013;47:i6-7
26. Bergeron MF, Bahr R, Bartsch P, et al. International Olympic Committee consensus statement on thermoregulatory and altitude challenges for high-level athletes. Br J Sports Med 2012;46:770-9
27. Bonetti DL, Hopkins WG. Sea-level exercise performance following adaptation to hypoxia: a meta-analysis. Sports Med 2009;39:107-27
28. Billat V. Interval training for performance: a scientific and empirical practice. Part 1: aerobic interval training. Sports Med 2001;31:13-31
29. Billat V. Interval training for performance: a scientific and empirical practice. Part 2: anaerobic interval training. Sports Med 2001;31:75-90
30. Buchheit M, Laursen PB. High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle: part 1: cardiopulmonary emphasis. Sports Med 2013;43:313-38
31. Burnley M, Jones AM. Oxygen uptake kinetics as a determinant of sports performance. Eur J Sport Sci 2007;7:63-79
32. Midgley AW, McNaughton LR, Wilkinson M. Is there an optimal training intensity for enhancing the maximal oxygen uptake of distance runners? Empirical research findings, current opinions, physiological rationale and practical recommendations. Sports Med 2006;36:117-32
33. Millet GP, Libicz S, Borrani F, et al. Effects of increased intensity of intermittent training in runners with differing VO2 kinetics. Eur J Appl Physiol 2003;90:50-7
34. Millet GP, Candau R, Fattori P, et al. VO2 responses to different intermittent runs at velocity associated with VO2max. Can J Appl Physiol 2003;28:410-23
35. Midgley AW, Mc Naughton LR, Wilkinson M. Criteria and other methodological considerations in the evaluation of time at VO2max. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2006;46:183-8
36. Girard O, Mendez-Villanueva A, Bishop D. Repeated-sprint ability - part 1: factors contributing to fatigue. Sports Med 2011;41:673-94
37. Bishop D, Girard O, Mendez-Villanueva A. Repeated-sprint ability - part 2: recommendations for training. Sports Med 2011;41:741-56
38. Haseler LJ, Hogan MC, Richardson RS. Skeletal muscle phosphocreatine recovery in exercise-trained humans is dependent on O2 availability. J Appl Physiol 1999;86:2013-18
39. Mendez-Villanueva A, Edge J, Suriano R, et al. The recovery of repeated-sprint exercise is associated with PCr resynthesis, while muscle pH and EMG amplitude remain depressed. PLoS ONE 2012;7:e51977
40. Carling C. Interpreting physical performance in professional soccer match-play: should we be more pragmatic in our approach? Sports Med 2013;43:655-63
41. Rampinini E, Bishop D, Marcora SM, et al. Validity of simple field tests as indicators of match-related physical performance in top-level professional soccer players. Int J Sports Med 2007;28:228-35
42. Mohr M, Krustrup P, Bangsbo J. Fatigue in soccer: a brief review. J Sports Sci 2005;23:593-9
43. Garvican LA, Hammond K, Varley MC, et al. Lower running performance and exacerbated fatigue in soccer played at 1600m. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2013 May 22. [Epub ahead of print]
44. Buchheit M. Should we be recommending repeated sprints to improve repeated-sprint performance? Sports Med 2012;42:169-72
45. Hoffmann JJ Jr, Reed JP, Leiting K, et al. Repeated sprints, high intensity interval training, small sided games: theory and application to field sports. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2013 May 22. [Epub ahead of print]
46. Roskamm H, Landry F, Samek L, et al. Effects of a standardized ergometer training program at three different altitudes. J Appl Physiol 1969;27:840-7
47. Terrados N, Melichna J, Sylven C, et al. Effects of training at simulated altitude on performance and muscle metabolic capacity in competitive road cyclists. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1988;57:203-9
48. Martino M, Myers K, Bishop P. Effects of 21 days training at altitude on sea-level anaerobic performance in competitive swimmers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1995;27(5 Suppl):S7(abstract 37)
49. Emonson DL, Aminuddin AH, Wight RL, et al. Training-induced increases in sea level VO2max and endurance are not enhanced by acute hypobaric exposure. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1997;76:8-12
50. Katayama B, Sato Y, Ishida K, et al. The effects of intermittent exposure to hypoxia during endurance exercise training on the ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1998;78:189-94
51. Bailey DM, Castell LM, Newsholme EA, et al. Continuous and intermittent exposure to the hypoxia of altitude: implications for glutamine metabolism and exercise performance. Br J Sports Med 2000;34:210-12
52. Geiser J, Vogt M, Billeter R, et al. Training high-living low: changes of aerobic performance and muscle structure with training at simulated altitude. Int J Sports Med 2001;22:579-85
53. Karlsen T, Madsen o, Rolf S, et al. Effects of 3 weeks hypoxic interval training on sea level cycling performance and hematological parameters. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002;34(5 Suppl 1):S224
54. Hendriksen IJ, Meeuwsen T. The effect of intermittent training in hypobaric hypoxia on sea-level exercise: a cross-over study in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 2003;88:396-403
55. Truijens MJ, Toussaint HM, Dow J, et al. Effect of high-intensity hypoxic training on sea-level swimming performances. J Appl Physiol 2003;94:733-43
56. Ventura N, Hoppeler H, Seiler R, et al. The response of trained athletes to six weeks of endurance training in hypoxia or normoxia. Int J Sports Med 2003;24:166-72
57. Roels B, Millet GP, Marcoux CJ, et al. Effects of hypoxic interval training on cycling performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005;37:138-46
58. Roels B, Bentley DJ, Coste O, et al. Effects of intermittent hypoxic training on cycling performance in well-trained athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2007;101:359-68
59. Dufour SP, Ponsot E, Zoll J, et al. Exercise training in normobaric hypoxia in endurance runners. 1. Improvement in aerobic performance capacity. J Appl Physiol 2006;100:1238-48
60. Lecoultre V, Boss A, Tappy L, et al. Training in hypoxia fails to further enhance endurance performance and lactate clearance in well-trained men and impairs glucose metabolism during prolonged exercise. Exp Physiol 2010;95:315-30
61. Mao TY, Fu LL, Wang JS. Hypoxic exercise training causes erythrocyte senescence and rheological dysfunction by depressed Gardos channel activity. J Appl Physiol 2011;111:382-91
62. Holliss BA, Fulford J, Vanhatalo A, et al. Influence of intermittent hypoxic training on muscle energetics and exercise tolerance. J Appl Physiol 2013;114:611-19
63. Puype J, Van Proeyen K, Raymackers JM, et al. Sprint interval training in hypoxia stimulates glycolytic enzyme activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2013;In press
64. Galvin HM, Cooke K, Sumners DP, et al. Repeated sprint training in normobaric hypoxia. Br J Sports Med 2013;47:i74-9
65. Faiss R, Leger B, Vesin JM, et al. Significant molecular and systemic adaptations after repeated sprint training in hypoxia. PLoS ONE 2013;8:e56522
66. Katayama K, Sato Y, Morotome Y, et al. Ventilatory chemosensitive adaptations to intermittent hypoxic exposure with endurance training and detraining. J Appl Physiol 1999;86:1805-11
67. Gore CJ, Rodriguez FA, Truijens MJ, et al. Increased serum erythropoietin but not red cell production after 4 wk of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (4,000-5,500m). J Appl Physiol 2006;101:1386-93
68. Buchheit M, Kuitunen S, Voss SC, et al. Physiological strain associated with high-intensity hypoxic intervals in highly trained young runners. J Strength Cond Res 2012;26:94-105
69. Kime R, Karlsen T, Nioka S, et al. Discrepancy between cardiorespiratory system and skeletal muscle in elite cyclists after hypoxic training. Dyn Med 2003;2:4
70. Desplanches D, Hoppeler H, Linossier MT, et al. Effects of training in normoxia and normobaric hypoxia on human muscle ultrastructure. Pflugers Arch 1993;425:263-7
71. Roels B, Thomas C, Bentley DJ, et al. Effects of intermittent hypoxic training on amino and fatty acid oxidative combustion in human permeabilized muscle fibers. J Appl Physiol 2007;102:79-86
72. Ponsot E, Dufour SP, Zoll J, et al. Exercise training in normobaric hypoxia in endurance runners. 2. Improvement of mitochondrial properties in skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 2006;100:1249-57
73. Toffoli S, Roegiers A, Feron O, et al. Intermittent hypoxia is an angiogenic inducer for endothelial cells: role of HIF-1. Angiogenesis 2009;12:47-67
74. Gore CJ, Hahn AG, Aughey RJ, et al. Live high:train low increases muscle buffer capacity and submaximal cycling efficiency. Acta Physiol Scand 2001;173:275-86
75. Levine BD. Intermittent hypoxic training: fact and fancy. High Alt Med Biol 2002;3:177-93
76. Brosnan MJ, Martin DT, Hahn AG, et al. Impaired interval exercise responses in elite female cyclists at moderate simulated altitude. J Appl Physiol 2000;89:1819-24
77. Smith KJ, Billaut F. Influence of cerebral and muscle oxygenation on repeated-sprint ability. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010;109:989-99
78. Balsom PD, Gaitanos GC, Ekblom B, et al. Reduced oxygen availability during high intensity intermittent exercise impairs performance. Acta Physiol Scand 1994;152:279-85
79. Bowtell JL, Cooke K, Turner R, et al. Acute physiological and performance responses to repeated sprints in varying degrees of hypoxia. J Sci Med Sport 2013;13:00142-4
80. Bangsbo J, Iaia FM, Krustrup P. The Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test: a useful tool for evaluation of physical performance in intermittent sports. Sports Med 2008;38:37-51
81. Casey DP, Joyner MJ. Compensatory vasodilatation during hypoxic exercise: mechanisms responsible for matching oxygen supply to demand. J Physiol 2012; 590(Pt 24):6321-6
82. Perrey S, Rupp T. Altitude-induced changes in muscle contractile properties. High Alt Med Biol 2009;10:175-82
83. Hogan MC, Richardson RS, Haseler LJ. Human muscle performance and PCr hydrolysis with varied inspired oxygen fractions: a 31P-MRS study. J Appl Physiol 1999;86:1367-73
84. Katayama K, Amann M, Pegelow DF, et al. Effect of arterial oxygenation on quadriceps fatigability during isolated muscle exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007;292:R1279-86
85. 2 availability. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2013;23:e185-93
86. Laughlin MH, Armstrong RB. Muscular blood flow distribution patterns as a function of running speed in rats. Am J Physiol 1982;243:H296-306
87. McDonough P, Behnke BJ, Padilla DJ, et al. Control of microvascular oxygen pressures in rat muscles comprised of different fibre types. J Physiol 2005; 563(Pt 3):903-13
88. Cleland SM, Murias JM, Kowalchuk JM, et al. Effects of prior heavy-intensity exercise on oxygen uptake and muscle deoxygenation kinetics of a subsequent heavy-intensity cycling and knee-extension exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2012;37:138-48
89. Copp SW, Holdsworth CT, Ferguson SK, et al. Muscle fibre-type dependence of neuronal nitric oxide synthase-mediated vascular control in the rat during high speed treadmill running. J Physiol 2013;591(Pt 11):2885-96
90. Ferguson SK, Hirai DM, Copp SW, et al. Impact of dietary nitrate supplementation via beetroot juice on exercising muscle vascular control in rats. J Physiol 2013; 591(Pt 2):547-57
91. Calbet JAL, Lundby C. Air to muscle O2 delivery during exercise at altitude. High Alt Med Biol 2009;10:123-34
92. Hoff J, Helgerud J. Endurance and strength training for soccer players: physiological considerations. Sports Med 2004;34:165-80