The interplay between drugs and the kidney in premature neonates

Pediatric Nephrology

Volumn 29, Issue 11, 2014, Pages 2083-2091

  Schreuder, Michiel F ^a   Bueters, Ruud R G ^a   Allegaert, Karel ^b  

^a RADBOUD UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^b UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS LEUVEN   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Drug clearance; Glomerular filtration rate; Kidney development; Neonate; Preterm birth; Proximal tubule

Indexed keywords

EID: 84887046656     PISSN: 0931041X     EISSN: 1432198X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00467-013-2651-0     Document Type: Review

References (102)

1. Chen N, Aleksa K, Woodland C, Rieder M, Koren G (2006) Ontogeny of drug elimination by the human kidney. Pediatr Nephrol 21:160–168
2. Alcorn J, McNamara PJ (2002) Ontogeny of hepatic and renal systemic clearance pathways in infants: part I. Clin Pharmacokinet 41:959–998
3. van den Anker JN, Schwab M, Kearns GL (2011) Developmental pharmacokinetics. Handb Exp Pharmacol 205:51–75
4. Cuzzolin L, Fanos V, Pinna B, di Marzio M, Perin M, Tramontozzi P, Tonetto P, Cataldi L (2006) Postnatal renal function in preterm newborns: a role of diseases, drugs and therapeutic interventions. Pediatr Nephrol 21:931–938
5. Ashley C, Currie A (2009) The renal drug handbook. Radcliffe, Oxford
6. De Gregori S, De Gregori M, Ranzani GN, Borghesi A, Regazzi M, Stronati M (2009) Drug transporters and renal drug disposition in the newborn. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 22(Suppl 3):31–37
7. Burckhardt G (2012) Drug transport by organic anion transporters (OATs). Pharmacol Ther 136:106–130
8. Marques-Minana MR, Saadeddin A, Peris JE (2010) Population pharmacokinetic analysis of vancomycin in neonates. A new proposal of initial dosage guideline. Br J Clin Pharmacol 70:713–720
9. Urakami Y, Kimura N, Okuda M, Inui K (2004) Creatinine transport by basolateral organic cation transporter hOCT2 in the human kidney. Pharm Res 21:976–981
10. Schwartz GJ, Work DF (2009) Measurement and estimation of GFR in children and adolescents. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 4:1832–1843
11. Delanaye P, Mariat C, Cavalier E, Maillard N, Krzesinski JM, White CA (2011) Trimethoprim, creatinine and creatinine-based equations. Nephron Clin Pract 119:c187–193, discussion c193-184
12. Aleksa K, Matsell D, Krausz K, Gelboin H, Ito S, Koren G (2005) Cytochrome P450 3A and 2B6 in the developing kidney: implications for ifosfamide nephrotoxicity. Pediatr Nephrol 20:872–885
13. de Wildt SN, Kearns GL, Hop WC, Murry DJ, Abdel-Rahman SM, van den Anker JN (2001) Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of intravenous midazolam in preterm infants. Clin Pharmacol Ther 70:525–531
14. Johnson TN, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Goddard JM, Tanner MS, Tucker GT (2002) Contribution of midazolam and its 1-hydroxy metabolite to preoperative sedation in children: a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis. Br J Anaesth 89:428–437
15. de Wildt SN, Kearns GL, Murry DJ, Koren G, van den Anker JN (2010) Ontogeny of midazolam glucuronidation in preterm infants. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 66:165–170
16. Anderson BJ, Larsson P (2011) A maturation model for midazolam clearance. Paediatr Anaesth 21:302–308
17. Allegaert K, Rochette A, Veyckemans F (2011) Developmental pharmacology of tramadol during infancy: ontogeny, pharmacogenetics and elimination clearance. Paediatr Anaesth 21:266–273
18. Quaggin SE, Kreidberg J (2008) Embryology of the kidney. In: Brenner BM (ed) Brenner and Rector’s the kidney. Saunders, Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp 3–24
19. Faa G, Gerosa C, Fanni D, Monga G, Zaffanello M, Van Eyken P, Fanos V (2012) Morphogenesis and molecular mechanisms involved in human kidney development. J Cell Physiol 227:1257–1268
20. Bertram JF, Douglas-Denton RN, Diouf B, Hughson MD, Hoy WE (2011) Human nephron number: implications for health and disease. Pediatr Nephrol 26:1529–1533
21. Schreuder MF (2012) Safety in glomerular numbers. Pediatr Nephrol 27:1881–1887
22. Brownfoot FC, Crowther CA, Middleton P (2008) Different corticosteroids and regimens for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev:CD006764
23. Singh RR, Moritz KM, Bertram JF, Cullen-McEwen LA (2007) Effects of dexamethasone exposure on rat metanephric development: in vitro and in vivo studies. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 293:F548–554
24. Seckl JR, Cleasby M, Nyirenda MJ (2000) Glucocorticoids, 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and fetal programming. Kidney Int 57:1412–1417
25. Guron G, Marcussen N, Nilsson A, Sundelin B, Friberg P (1999) Postnatal time frame for renal vulnerability to enalapril in rats. J Am Soc Nephrol 10:1550–1560
26. Gubler MC (2013) Renal tubular dysgenesis. Pediatr Nephrol. doi:10.1007/s00467-013-2480-1
27. Abramovici A, Cantu J, Jenkins SM (2012) Tocolytic therapy for acute preterm labor. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 39:77–87
28. Kent AL, Maxwell LE, Koina ME, Falk MC, Willenborg D, Dahlstrom JE (2007) Renal glomeruli and tubular injury following indomethacin, ibuprofen, and gentamicin exposure in a neonatal rat model. Pediatr Res 62:307–312
29. Sutherland MR, Yoder BA, McCurnin D, Seidner S, Gubhaju L, Clyman RI, Black MJ (2012) Effects of ibuprofen treatment on the developing preterm baboon kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 302:F1286–1292
30. Sutherland MR, Gubhaju L, Moore L, Kent AL, Dahlstrom JE, Horne RS, Hoy WE, Bertram JF, Black MJ (2011) Accelerated maturation and abnormal morphology in the preterm neonatal kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 22:1365–1374
31. Rodriguez MM, Gomez A, Abitbol C, Chandar J, Montane B, Zilleruelo G (2005) Comparative renal histomorphometry: a case study of oligonephropathy of prematurity. Pediatr Nephrol 20:945–949
32. Faa G, Gerosa C, Fanni D, Nemolato S, Locci A, Cabras T, Marinelli V, Puddu M, Zaffanello M, Monga G, Fanos V (2010) Marked interindividual variability in renal maturation of preterm infants: lessons from autopsy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 23(Suppl 3):129–133
33. De Curtis M, Rigo J (2004) Extrauterine growth restriction in very-low-birthweight infants. Acta Paediatr 93:1563–1568
34. Schreuder MF, Nyengaard JR, Remmers F, van Wijk JA, D-vdW HA (2006) Postnatal food restriction in the rat as a model for a low nephron endowment. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 291:F1104–F1107
35. Sutherland MR, O’Reilly M, Kenna K, Ong K, Harding R, Sozo F, Black MJ (2013) Neonatal hyperoxia: effects on nephrogenesis and long-term glomerular structure. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 304:F1308–1316
36. Tolba AM, Hewedy FM, al-Senaidy AM, al-Othman AA (1998) Neonates’ vitamin A status in relation to birth weight, gestational age, and sex. J Trop Pediatr 44:174–177
37. Darlow BA, Graham PJ (2011) Vitamin A supplementation to prevent mortality and short- and long-term morbidity in very low birthweight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev:CD000501
38. Kandasamy Y, Smith R, Wright IM, Lumbers ER (2013) Extra-uterine renal growth in preterm infants: Oligonephropathy and prematurity. Pediatr Nephrol 28:1791–1796
39. Toth-Heyn P, Drukker A, Guignard JP (2000) The stressed neonatal kidney: from pathophysiology to clinical management of neonatal vasomotor nephropathy. Pediatr Nephrol 14:227–239
40. Osswald H, Schnermann J (2011) Methylxanthines and the kidney. Handb Exp Pharmacol 200:391–412
41. Francart SJ, Allen MK, Stegall-Zanation J (2013) Apnea of prematurity: caffeine dose optimization. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 18:45–52
42. Ohlsson A, Walia R, Shah SS (2013) Ibuprofen for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4, CD003481
43. Filler GM (2011) The challenges of assessing acute kidney injury in infants. Kidney Int 80:567–568
44. Rubin MI, Bruck E, Rapoport M (1949) Maturation of renal function in childhood; clearance studies. J Clin Invest 28:1144–1162
45. Hayton WL (2000) Maturation and growth of renal function: dosing renally cleared drugs in children. AAPS PharmSci 2:E3
46. Vieux R, Hascoet JM, Merdariu D, Fresson J, Guillemin F (2010) Glomerular filtration rate reference values in very preterm infants. Pediatrics 125:e1186–1192
47. Aperia A, Broberger O, Elinder G, Herin P, Zetterstrom R (1981) Postnatal development of renal function in pre-term and full-term infants. Acta Paediatr Scand 70:183–187
48. Vanpee M, Blennow M, Linne T, Herin P, Aperia A (1992) Renal function in very low birth weight infants: normal maturity reached during early childhood. J Pediatr 121:784–788
49. George I, Mekahli D, Rayyan M, Levtchenko E, Allegaert K (2011) Postnatal trends in creatinemia and its covariates in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) neonates. Pediatr Nephrol 26:1843–1849
50. Kuppens M, George I, Lewi L, Levtchenko E, Allegaert K (2012) Creatinaemia at birth is equal to maternal creatinaemia at delivery: does this paradigm still hold? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 25:978–980
51. Filler G, Lepage N (2013) Cystatin C adaptation in the first month of life. Pediatr Nephrol 28:991–994
52. van den Anker JN, de Groot R, Broerse HM, Sauer PJ, van der Heijden BJ, Hop WC, Lindemans J (1995) Assessment of glomerular filtration rate in preterm infants by serum creatinine: comparison with inulin clearance. Pediatrics 96:1156–1158
53. Matos P, Duarte-Silva M, Drukker A, Guignard JP (1998) Creatinine reabsorption by the newborn rabbit kidney. Pediatr Res 44:639–641
54. Bauer K, Versmold H (1989) Postnatal weight loss in preterm neonates less than 1,500 g is due to isotonic dehydration of the extracellular volume. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 360:37–42
55. Leslie GI, Arnold JD, Gyory AZ (1991) Postnatal changes in proximal and distal tubular sodium reabsorption in healthy very-low-birth-weight infants. Biol Neonate 60:108–113
56. Quigley R, Baum M (2004) Neonatal acid base balance and disturbances. Semin Perinatol 28:97–102
57. Wilkins BH (1992) Renal function in sick very low birthweight infants: 4. Glucose excretion. Arch Dis Child 67:1162–1165
58. Quigley R (2012) Developmental changes in renal function. Curr Opin Pediatr 24:184–190
59. Sweet DH, Bush KT, Nigam SK (2001) The organic anion transporter family: from physiology to ontogeny and the clinic. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 281:F197–205
60. Sweeney DE, Vallon V, Rieg T, Wu W, Gallegos TF, Nigam SK (2011) Functional maturation of drug transporters in the developing, neonatal, and postnatal kidney. Mol Pharmacol 80:147–154
61. Stewart CF, Hampton EM (1987) Effect of maturation on drug disposition in pediatric patients. Clin Pharm 6:548–564
62. Stichting Perinatale Registratie Nederland (2008) Perinatale Zorg in Nederland 2005. Stichting Perinatale Registratie Nederland, Utrecht
63. De Cock RF, Allegaert K, Schreuder MF, Sherwin CM, de Hoog M, van den Anker JN, Danhof M, Knibbe CA (2012) Maturation of the glomerular filtration rate in neonates, as reflected by amikacin clearance. Clin Pharmacokinet 51:105–117
64. Abdulhamid I, Wise TL, Andrews S, Biglin K, Lehr VT (2008) Elevated serum tobramycin concentrations after treatment with tobramycin inhalation in a preterm infant. Pharmacotherapy 28:939–944
65. Pacifici GM, Allegaert K (2012) Clinical pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in the neonate: a review. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 67:831–837
66. Pacifici GM (2011) Pharmacokinetics of cephalosporins in the neonate: a review. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 66:1267–1274
67. Fanos V, Cataldi L (1999) Antibacterial-induced nephrotoxicity in the newborn. Drug Saf 20:245–267
68. Langer J, Obladen M, Dame C (2008) Urinary loss of erythropoietin after intravenous versus subcutaneous epoetin-beta in preterm infants. J Pediatr 152:728–730
69. Yanni SB, Smith PB, Benjamin DK Jr, Augustijns PF, Thakker DR, Annaert PP (2011) Higher clearance of micafungin in neonates compared with adults: role of age-dependent micafungin serum binding. Biopharm Drug Dispos 32:222–232
70. Pullen J, Stolk LM, Degraeuwe PL, van Tiel FH, Neef C, Zimmermann LJ (2007) Protein binding of flucloxacillin in neonates. Ther Drug Monit 29:279–283
71. Elmas AT, Tabel Y, Elmas ON (2013) Serum cystatin C predicts acute kidney injury in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 28:477–484
72. Sarafidis K, Tsepkentzi E, Agakidou E, Diamanti E, Taparkou A, Soubasi V, Papachristou F, Drossou V (2012) Serum and urine acute kidney injury biomarkers in asphyxiated neonates. Pediatr Nephrol 27:1575–1582
73. Mark LF, Solomon A, Northington FJ, Lee CK (2013) Gentamicin pharmacokinetics in neonates undergoing therapeutic hypothermia. Ther Drug Monit 35:217–222
74. Liu X, Borooah M, Stone J, Chakkarapani E, Thoresen M (2009) Serum gentamicin concentrations in encephalopathic infants are not affected by therapeutic hypothermia. Pediatrics 124:310–315
75. Satas S, Hoem NO, Melby K, Porter H, Lindgren CG, Whitelaw A, Thoresen M (2000) Influence of mild hypothermia after hypoxia-ischemia on the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in newborn pigs. Biol Neonate 77:50–57
76. Walker MW, Clark RH, Spitzer AR (2011) Elevation in plasma creatinine and renal failure in premature neonates without major anomalies: terminology, occurrence and factors associated with increased risk. J Perinatol 31:199–205
77. Kandasamy Y, Smith R, Wright IM (2013) Measuring cystatin C to determine renal function in neonates. Pediatr Crit Care Med 14:318–322
78. Adam MP, Polifka JE, Friedman JM (2011) Evolving knowledge of the teratogenicity of medications in human pregnancy. Am J Med Genet C: Semin Med Genet 157:175–182
79. Schreuder MF, Bueters RR, Huigen MC, Russel FG, Masereeuw R, van den Heuvel LP (2011) Effect of drugs on renal development. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 6:212–217
80. Gilbert T, Lelievre-Pegorier M, Malienou R, Meulemans A, Merlet-Benichou C (1987) Effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure to gentamicin on renal differentiation in the rat. Toxicology 43:301–313
81. Gilbert T, Nabarra B, Merlet-Benichou C (1988) Light- and electron-microscopic analysis of the kidney in newborn rats exposed to gentamicin in utero. Am J Pathol 130:33–43
82. Giapros VI, Papadimitriou FK, Andronikou SK (2007) Tubular disorders in low birth weight neonates after prolonged antibiotic treatment. Neonatology 91:140–144
83. Turcu R, Patterson MJ, Omar S (2009) Influence of sodium intake on Amphotericin B-induced nephrotoxicity among extremely premature infants. Pediatr Nephrol 24:497–505
84. Bagnoli F, Rossetti A, Messina G, Mori A, Casucci M, Tomasini B (2013) Treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) using ibuprofen: renal side-effects in VLBW and ELBW newborns. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 26:423–429
85. Vieux R, Fresson J, Guillemin F, Hascoet JM (2011) Perinatal drug exposure and renal function in very preterm infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 96:F290–295
86. Allegaert K (2009) The impact of ibuprofen or indomethacin on renal drug clearance in neonates. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 22(Suppl 3):88–91
87. McPherson C, Gal P, Ransom JL, Carlos RQ, Dimaguila MA, Smith M, Davonzo C, Wimmer JE Jr (2010) Indomethacin pharmacodynamics are altered by surfactant: a possible challenge to current indomethacin dosing guidelines created before surfactant availability. Pediatr Cardiol 31:505–510
88. Brenner BM, Lawler EV, Mackenzie HS (1996) The hyperfiltration theory: a paradigm shift in nephrology. Kidney Int 49:1774–1777
89. Keller G, Zimmer G, Mall G, Ritz E, Amann K (2003) Nephron number in patients with primary hypertension. N Engl J Med 348:101–108
90. Orskov B, Christensen KB, Feldt-Rasmussen B, Strandgaard S (2012) Low birth weight is associated with earlier onset of end-stage renal disease in Danish patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Kidney Int 81:919–924
91. Keijzer-Veen MG, Finken MJ, Nauta J, Dekker FW, Hille ET, Frolich M, Wit JM, van der Heijden AJ (2005) Is blood pressure increased 19 years after intrauterine growth restriction and preterm birth? A prospective follow-up study in The Netherlands. Pediatrics 116:725–731
92. Keijzer-Veen MG, Schrevel M, Finken MJ, Dekker FW, Nauta J, Hille ET, Frolich M, van der Heijden BJ (2005) Microalbuminuria and lower glomerular filtration rate at young adult age in subjects born very premature and after intrauterine growth retardation. J Am Soc Nephrol 16:2762–2768
93. White SL, Perkovic V, Cass A, Chang CL, Poulter NR, Spector T, Haysom L, Craig JC, Salmi IA, Chadban SJ, Huxley RR (2009) Is low birth weight an antecedent of CKD in later life? A systematic review of observational studies. Am J Kidney Dis 54:248–261
94. Silverwood RJ, Pierce M, Hardy R, Sattar N, Whincup P, Ferro C, Savage C, Kuh D, Nitsch D (2013) Low birth weight, later renal function, and the roles of adulthood blood pressure, diabetes, and obesity in a British birth cohort. Kidney Int. doi:10.1038/ki.2013.223
95. Silverwood RJ, Pierce M, Hardy R, Thomas C, Ferro C, Savage C, Sattar N, Kuh D, Nitsch D, National Survey of H, Development S, Data Collection T (2013) Early-life overweight trajectory and CKD in the 1946 British birth cohort study. Am J Kidney Dis 62:276–284
96. Helal I, Fick-Brosnahan GM, Reed-Gitomer B, Schrier RW (2012) Glomerular hyperfiltration: definitions, mechanisms and clinical implications. Nat Rev Nephrol 8:293–300
97. Antonucci R, Pilloni MD, Atzori L, Fanos V (2012) Pharmaceutical research and metabolomics in the newborn. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 25:22–26
98. Hanna MH, Segar JL, Teesch LM, Kasper DC, Schaefer FS, Brophy PD (2013) Urinary metabolomic markers of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity in newborn rats. Pediatr Res 73:585–591
99. Hallynck T, Soep HH, Thomis J, Boelaert J, Daneels R, Fillastre JP, De Rosa F, Rubinstein E, Hatala M, Spousta J, Dettli L (1981) Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine concentration based on lean body mass. Clin Pharmacol Ther 30:414–421
100. Anderson BJ, Allegaert K, Van den Anker JN, Cossey V, Holford NH (2007) Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in preterm neonates and the prediction of adult clearance. Br J Clin Pharmacol 63:75–84
101. Bradley JS, Sauberan JB, Ambrose PG, Bhavnani SM, Rasmussen MR, Capparelli EV (2008) Meropenem pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and Monte Carlo simulation in the neonate. Pediatr Infect Dis J 27:794–799
102. Delattre IK, Musuamba FT, Jacqmin P, Taccone FS, Laterre PF, Verbeeck RK, Jacobs F, Wallemacq P (2012) Population pharmacokinetics of four beta-lactams in critically ill septic patients comedicated with amikacin. Clin Biochem 45:780–786