An overview and some challenges in cyber-physical systems

Journal of the Indian Institute of Science

Volumn 93, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 341-352

  Kim, Kyoung Dae ^a   Kumar, P R ^a  

^a Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering   (United States)

Author keywords

Cyber physical systems

Indexed keywords

CYBER PHYSICAL SYSTEMS (CPSS); CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS (CPS); ENGINEERED SYSTEMS; GRAND CHALLENGE; RESEARCH EFFORTS; RESEARCH ISSUES; TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES;

NATURAL SCIENCES; TECHNOLOGY;

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS;

EID: 84886685433     PISSN: 09704140     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (84)

1. K.-D. Kim and P.R. Kumar, "Cyber-Physical Systems: A Perspective at the Centennial," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 100, no. Special Centennial Issue, pp. 1287-1308, 2012.
2. R. Rajkumar, I. Lee, L. Sha, and J. Stankovic, "Cyber-Physical Systems: The Next Computing Revolution," in Proceedings of the 47th Design Automation Conference. ACM, 2010, pp. 731-736.
3. L. Sha, S. Gopalakrishnan, X. Liu, and Q. Wang, "Cyberphysical systems: A new frontier," in IEEE International Conference on Sensor Networks, Ubiquitous and Trustworthy Computing, 2008, pp. 1-9.
4. R. Poovendran, "Cyber-Physical Systems: Close Encounters Between Two Parallel Worlds," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 98, no. 8, pp. 1363-1366, 2010.
5. R. Baheti and H. Gill, "Cyber-physical Systems," in The Impact of Control Technology, T. Samad and A. Annaswamy, Eds., 2011.
6. Report of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology 2007. [Online]. Available: http://www. whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/ microsites/ostp/pcast- 07-nitrd-review.pdf
7. Artemis. [Online]. Available: http://www.artemis.eu/
8. S. Bennett, "A Brief History of Automatic Control," IEEE Control Systems Magazine, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 17-25, 1996.
9. Grand Challenges for Engineering. [Online]. Available: http://www. engineeringchallenges.org/cms/8996.aspx
10. G. Arnold, "Challenges and Opportunities in Smart Grid: A Position Article," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 99, no. 6, pp. 922-927, 2011.
11. I. Lee, O. Sokolsky, S. Chen, J. Hatcliff, E. Jee, B. Kim, A. King, M. Mullen-Fortino, S. Park, A. Roederer, and K. Venkatasubramanian, "Challenges and Research Directions in Medical Cyber-Physical Systems," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 100, no. 1, pp. 75-90, 2012.
12. Quick Facts 2011 by National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. [Online]. Available: http://www-nrd. nhtsa.dot.gov/
13. Electricity Generation by Source 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.eia.gov/
14. A Profile of Older Americans: 2012. [Online]. Available: http://www.aoa.gov/Aging-Statistics/Profile/2012/4.aspx
15. J.C. Pham, M.S. Aswani, M. Rosen, H. Lee, M. Huddle, K. Weeks, and P.J. Pronovost, "Reducing Medical Errors and Adverse Events," Annual Review of Medicine, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 447-463, 2012.
16. E.B. Devine, R.N. Hansen, and J.L. e. a. Wilson-Norton, "The Impact of Computerized Provider Order Entry on Medication Errors in a Multispecialty Group Practice," Journal of the American Medical Information Association, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 78-84, 2010.
17. Number of hungry people in the world 2010. [Online]. Available: http://www.worldhunger.org/
18. Long-Term Prospects for Agriculture Reflect Growing Demand for Food, Fiber, and Fuel. [Online]. Available: http://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2012- september/ long-term-prospects-for-agriculture.aspx#.UZlNNB1H2E
19. S. Graham, G. Baliga, and P. Kumar, "Abstractions, architecture, mechanisms, and a middleware for networked control," IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 54, no. 7, pp. 1490-1503, 2009.
20. E.A. Lee, "Cyber-Physical Systems - Are Computing Foundations Adequate?" in NSF Workshop On Cyber-Physical Systems: Research Motivation, Techniques and Roadmap, 2006.
21. G.C. Walsh and H. Ye, "Scheduling of networked control systems," IEEE Control Systems Magazine, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 57-65, February 2001.
22. G.C. Walsh, H. Ye, L.G. Bushnell, J. Nilsson, and B. Bernhardsso, "Stability analysis of networked control systems," IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 438-446, 2002.
23. M.S. Branicky, S.M. Phillips, and W. Zhang, "Stability of networked control systems: Explicit analysis of delay," in Proceedings of the American Control Conference, 2000, pp. 2352-2357.
24. D. Nesic and A. Teel, "Input-output stability properties of networked control systems," IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 49, no. 10, pp. 1650-1667, 2004.
25. N. Elia, "Remote stabilization over fading channels," Systems & Control Letters, vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 237-249, 2005.
26. O.C. Imer, S. Yüksel, and T. Ba ar, "Optimal control of LTI systems over unreliable communication links," Automatica, vol. 42, pp. 1429-1439, 2006.
27. L. Schenato, B. Sinopoli, M. Franceschetti, K. Poolla, and S.S. Sastry, "Foundations of control and estimation over lossy networks," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 95, no. 1, pp. 163-187, 2007.
28. G. Nair, F. Fagnani, S. Zampieri, and R. Evans, "Feedback control under data rate constraints: An overview," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 95, no. 1, pp. 108-137, 2007.
29. R. Ostrovsky, Y. Rabani, and L. Schulman, "Error correcting codes for automatic control," IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 2931-2941, 2009.
30. R.T. Sukhavasi and B. Hassibi, "Anytime reliable codes for stabilizing plants over erasure channels," in Proceedings of the 50th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2011, pp. 5254-5259.
31. C.L. Robinson and P.R. Kumar, "Optimizing controller location in networked control systems with packet drops," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 661-671, 2008.
32. D. Liberzon, Switching in Systems and Control (Systems & Control: Foundations & Applications). Birkhäuser Boston, 2003.
33. H. Lin and P.J. Antsaklis, "Stability and stabilizability of switched linear systems: A survey of recent results," IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 308-322, 2009.
34. T.A. Henzinger, "The theory of hybrid automata," in Proceedings of the 11th Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science, 1996, pp. 278-292.
35. N. Lynch, R. Segala, and F. Vaandrager, "Hybrid I/O automata," Information and Computation, vol. 185, no. 1, pp. 105-157, 2003.
36. T.A. Henzinger, P.W. Kopke, A. Puri, and P. Varaiya, "What's decidable about hybrid automata?" in ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, 1995, pp. 373-382.
37. R. Alur and D.L. Dill, "A theory of timed automata," Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 126, pp. 183-235, 1994.
38. G. Lafferriere, G.J. Pappas, and S. Sastry, "O-minimal hybrid systems," Mathematics of Control, Signal, and Systems, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 1-21, 2000.
39. T.A. Henzinger, P.-H. Ho, and H. Wong-Toi, "HyTech: A model checker for hybrid systems," Int. Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer, vol. 1, no. 1-2, pp. 110-122, 1997.
40. A. Chutinan and B.H. Krogh, "Computational techniques for hybrid system verification," IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 64-75, 2003.
41. E. Asarin, O. Bournez, T. Dang, and O. Maler, "Approximate reachability analysis of piecewise-linear dynamical systems," in Proceedings of the ACM Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control, vol. 1790. Springer, 2000, pp. 21-31.
42. A. Girard and G.J. Pappas, "Approximation metrics for discrete and continuous systems," IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 782-798, 2007.
43. G. Pola, A. Girard, and P. Tabuada, "Approximately bisimilar symbolic models for nonlinear control systems," Automatica, vol. 44, no. 10, pp. 2508-2516, 2008.
44. M. Mazo, A. Davitian, and P. Tabuada, "PESSOA: A tool for embedded controller synthesis," in Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, 2010, pp. 566-569.
45. G. Frehse, C.L. Guernic, A. Donzé, S. Cotton, R.Ray, O. Lebeltel, R. Ripado, A. Girard, T. Dang, and O. Maler, "Spaceex: Scalable verification of hybrid systems," in Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computer Aided Verification, 2011.
46. C.L. Liu and J.W. Layland, "Scheduling algorithms for multiprogramming in a hard-real-time environment," Journal of the ACM, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 46-61, 1973.
47. T. Abdelzaher, V. Sharma, and C. Lu, "A utilization bound for aperiodic tasks and priority driven scheduling," IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 53, no. 3, 2004.
48. L. Sha, T. Abdelzaher, K.-E. Årzén, A. Cervin, T. Baker, A. Burns, G. Buttazzo, M. Caccamo, J. Lehoczky, and A.K. Mok, "Real time scheduling theory: A historical perspective," Real-Time Systems, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 101-155, 2004.
49. G.C. Buttazzo, Hard Real-Time Computing Systems: Predictable Scheduling Algorithms and Applications. Springer, 2004.
50. J. Stankovic and R. Rajkumar, "Real-Time Operating Systems," Real-Time Systems, vol. 28, no. 2-3, pp. 237-253, 2004.
51. D.C. Schmidt, D.L. Levine, and S. Mungee, "The design of the TAO real-time object request broker," Computer Communications, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 294-324, 1998.
52. L. Wills, S. Kannan, S. Sander, M. Guler, B. Heck, J. Prasad, D. Schrage, and G. Vachtsevanos, "An open platform for reconfigurable control," IEEE Control Systems Magazine, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 49-64, 2001.
53. G. Baliga, "A middleware framework for networked control systems," Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2005.
54. K.-D. Kim and P.R. Kumar, "Design and experimental verification of real-time mechanisms for middleware for networked control," in Proceedings of the American Control Conference, 2010, pp. 2119-2124.
55. K.-E. Årzén, A. Bicchi, G. Dini, and S. Hailes, "A component- based approach to the design of networked control systems," European Journal of Control, vol. 13, no. 2-3, pp. 261-279, 2007.
56. K. Raman, Y. Zhang, M. Panahi, J.A. Colmenares, R. Klefstad, and T. Harmon, "RTZen: Highly predictable, real-time Java middleware for distributed and embedded systems," in Proceedings of the International Middleware Conference, 2005, pp. 225-248.
57. I.-H. Hou, V. Borkar, and P. R. Kumar, "A theory of QoS in wireless," in Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM, 2009, pp. 486-494.
58. I.-H. Hou and P.R. Kumar, "Admission control and scheduling for QoS guarantees for variable-bit-rate applications on wireless channels," in Proceedings of the ACM MobiHoc, 2009, pp. 175-184.
59. - - , "Scheduling heterogeneous real-time traffic over fading wireless channels," in Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM, 2010, pp. 1-9.
60. - - , "Utility-optimal scheduling in time varying wireless networks with delay constraints," in Proceedings of the ACM MobiHoc, 2010, pp. 31-40.
61. P. Gupta and P.R. Kumar, "Critical power for asymptotic connectivity in wireless networks," Stochastic Analysis, Control, Optimization and Applications: A Volume in Honor of W. H. Fleming, pp. 547-566, 1998.
62. M. Penrose, Random Geometric Graphs (Oxford Studies in Probability). Oxford University Press, 2003.
63. W. Ye, J. Heidemann, and D. Estrin, "An energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks," in Proceedings of the 21st Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, vol. 3, 2003, pp. 1567-1576.
64. J. Polastre, J. Hill, and D. Culler, "Versatile low power media access for wireless sensor networks," in Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems, 2004, pp. 95-107.
65. T. He, J. Stankovic, C. Lu, and T. Abdelzaher, "SPEED: a stateless protocol for real-time communication in sensor networks," in Proceedings of the International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, 2003, pp. 46-55.
66. C. Lu, B. Blum, T. Abdelzaher, J. Stankovic, and T. He, "RAP: a real-time communication architecture for largescale wireless sensor networks," in Proceedings of the IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium, 2002, pp. 55-66.
67. D.E. Culler, "TinyOS: Operating system design for wireless sensor networks," Sensors, 2006.
68. J. Stankovic, T. Abdelzaher, C. Lu, L. Sha, and J. Hou, "Realtime communication and coordination in embedded sensor networks," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 91, no. 7, pp. 1002-1022, 2003.
69. B. Selic, "The pragmatics of model-driven development," IEEE Software, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 19-25, 2003.
70. G. Karsai, J. Sztipanovits, A. Ledeczi, and T. Bapty, "Model- Integrated Development of Embedded Software," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 91, no. 1, pp. 145-164, 2003.
71. P. Derler, E. Lee, and A.-S. Vincentelli, "Modeling Cyber- Physical Systems," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 100, no. 1, pp. 13-28, 2012.
72. J. Eidson, E. Lee, S. Matic, S. Seshia, and J. Zou, "Distributed Real-Time Software for Cyber-Physical Systems," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 100, no. 1, pp. 45-59, 2012.
73. J. Eker, J.W. Janneck, E.A. Lee, J. Liu, X. Liu, J. Ludvig, S. Neuen-dorffer, S. Sachs, and Y. Xiong, "Taming Heterogeneity - The Ptolemy Approach," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 127-144, 2003.
74. OMG. Model-driven architecture. [Online]. Available: http://www.omg.org/ mda/
75. J. Sztipanovits and G. Karsai, "Model-integrated computing," Computer, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 110-111, 1997.
76. C. Neuman, "Challenges in security for cyber-physical systems," in DHS: S&T Workshop on Future Directions in Cyber-physical Systems Security, 2009.
77. A. Cárdenas, S. Amin, B. Sinopoli, A. Giani, A. Perrig, and S. Sastry, ́ "Challenges for securing cyber physical systems," in Proceedings of the Workshop on Future Directions in Cyber-physical Systems Security, 2009.
78. S. Sridhar, A. Hahn, and M. Govindarasu, "Cyber-Physical System Security for the Electric Power Grid," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 100, no. 1, pp. 210-224, 2012.
79. H. Kowshik and P.R. Kumar, "Zero-error function computation in sensor networks," in IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, December 2009, pp. 3787-3792.
80. - - , "Optimal computation of symmetric boolean functions in tree networks," in Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, 2010, pp. 1873-1877.
81. - - , "Optimal ordering of transmissions for computing boolean threshold functions," in Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, 2010, pp. 1863-1867.
82. Y. Mo, T.-H. Kim, K. Brancik, D. Dickinson, H. Lee, A. Perrig, and B. Sinopoli, "Cyber-Physical Security of a Smart Grid Infrastructure," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 100, no. 1, pp. 195-209, 2012.
83. L. Parolini, B. Sinopoli, B. Krogh, and Z. Wang, "A Cyber- Physical Systems Approach to Data Center Modeling and Control for Energy Efficiency," Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 100, no. 1, pp. 254-268, 2012.
84. K.-D. Kim, "Collision free autonomous ground traffic: A model predictive control approach," in ACM/IEEE 4th International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems, 2013, pp. 51-60.