Neuroprotective properties of a novel non-thiazoledinedione partial PPAR- γ agonist against MPTP

PPAR Research

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages

  Swanson, Christine R ^a,b,c   Du, Eric ^a,d   Johnson, Delinda A ^b   Johnson, Jeffrey A ^b   Emborg, Marina E ^a,b,e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^d EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

1,2,3,6 TETRAHYDRO 1 METHYL 4 PHENYLPYRIDINE; ADENYLATE KINASE; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE PLACENTA ISOENZYME; CATECHOLAMINE; CD11B ANTIGEN; LSN 862; MANGANESE SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; MESSENGER RNA; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENT; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA AGONIST; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA COACTIVATOR 1ALPHA; REDUCED NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE (PHOSPHATE) DEHYDROGENASE (QUINONE); TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NRF2; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ANTIOXIDANT RESPONSIVE ELEMENT; ARTICLE; BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER; CATECHOLAMINE BRAIN LEVEL; CELL LOSS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM; DOWN REGULATION; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG BRAIN LEVEL; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG SCREENING; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MALE; MAXIMUM PLASMA CONCENTRATION; MOUSE; NEUROPROTECTION; NIGRONEOSTRIATAL SYSTEM; NONHUMAN; PARKINSON DISEASE; PROTEIN EXPRESSION;

EID: 84886653186     PISSN: 16874757     EISSN: 16874765     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2013/582809     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Tansey M., McCoy M., Frank-Cannon T., Neuroinflammatory mechanisms in Parkinson's disease: potential environmental triggers, pathways, and targets for early therapeutic intervention. Experimental Neurology 2007 208 1 1 25 2-s2.0-35348966882 10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.07.004 (Pubitemid 47603240)
2. Issemann I., Green S., Activation of a member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily by peroxisome proliferators. Nature 1990 347 6294 645 650 2-s2.0-0025132245 10.1038/347645a0 (Pubitemid 20356241)
3. McGeer P. L., Itagaki S., Boyes B. E., McGeer E. G., Reactive microglia are positive for HLA-DR in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease brains. Neurology 1988 38 8 1285 1291 2-s2.0-0023789193
4. Loeffler D. A., DeMaggio A. J., Juneau P. L., Havaich M. K., LeWitt P. A., Effects of enhanced striatal dopamine turnover in vivo on glutathione oxidation. Clinical Neuropharmacology 1994 17 4 370 379 2-s2.0-0028102345 (Pubitemid 24239388)
5. Zigmond M. J., Hastings T. G., Perez R. G., Increased dopamine turnover after partial loss of dopaminergic neurons: compensation or toxicity? Parkinsonism and Related Disorders 2002 8 6 389 393 2-s2.0-0036767723 10.1016/S1353-8020(02)00019-6 (Pubitemid 36151654)
6. Zecca L., Zucca F. A., Wilms H., Sulzer D., Neuromelanin of the substantia nigra: a neuronal black hole with protective and toxic characteristics. Trends in Neurosciences 2003 26 11 578 580 2-s2.0-0242285663 10.1016/j.tins.2003.08.009 (Pubitemid 37338363)
7. Zecca L., Youdim M. B. H., Riederer P., Connor J. R., Crichton R. R., Iron, brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2004 5 11 863 873 2-s2.0-8344265251 10.1038/nrn1537 (Pubitemid 39482155)
8. Liberatore G. T., Jackson-Lewis V., Vukosavic S., Mandir A. S., Vila M., Mcauliffe W. G., Dawson V. L., Dawson T. M., Przedborski S., Inducible nitric oxide synthase stimulates dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the MPTP model of Parkinson disease. Nature Medicine 1999 5 12 1403 1409 2-s2.0-0032710609 10.1038/70978
9. Wu D. C., Jackson-Lewis V., Vila M., Tieu K., Teismann P., Vadseth C., Choi D.-K., Ischiropoulos H., Przedborski S., Blockade of microglial activation is neuroprotective in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson disease. Journal of Neuroscience 2002 22 5 1763 1771 2-s2.0-0036522967 (Pubitemid 35386294)
10. Feinstein D. L., Galea E., Gavrilyuk V., Brosnan C. F., Whitacre C. C., Dumitrescu-Ozimek L., Landreth G. E., Pershadsingh H. A., Weinberg G., Heneka M. T., Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ agonists prevent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Annals of Neurology 2002 51 6 694 702 2-s2.0-0036260784 10.1002/ana.10206 (Pubitemid 34568847)
11. Park S. W., Yi J. H., Miranpuri G., Satriotomo I., Bowen K., Resnick D. K., Vemuganti R., Thiazolidinedione class of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonists prevents neuronal damage, motor dysfunction, myelin loss, neuropathic pain, and inflammation after spinal cord injury in adult rats. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2007 320 3 1002 1012 2-s2.0-33847093475 10.1124/jpet.106.113472 (Pubitemid 46294061)
12. Phulwani N. K., Feinstein D. L., Gavrilyuk V., Akar C., Kielian T., 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) and ciglitazone modulate Staphylococcus aureus -dependent astrocyte activation primarily through a PPAR- γ -independent pathway. Journal of Neurochemistry 2006 99 5 1389 1402 2-s2.0-33750906077 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04183.x (Pubitemid 44730093)
13. Clark J., Simon D. K., Transcribe to survive: transcriptional control of antioxidant defense programs for neuroprotection in parkinson's disease. Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 2009 11 3 509 528 2-s2.0-58849090439 10.1089/ars.2008.2241
14. Kim H. J., Park K. G., Yoo E. K., Kim Y. H., Kim Y.-N., Kim H.-S., Kim H. T., Park J.-Y., Lee K.-U., Jang W. G., Kim J.-G., Kim B.-W., Lee I.-K., Effects of PGC-1 α on TNF- α -induced MCP-1 and VCAM-1 expression and NF- B activation in human aortic smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 2007 9 3 301 307 2-s2.0-33846463967 10.1089/ars.2006.1456 (Pubitemid 46150964)
15. Schintu N., Frau L., Ibba M., Caboni P., Garau A., Carboni E., Carta A. R., PPAR-gamma-mediated neuroprotection in a chronic mouse model of Parkinson's disease. European Journal of Neuroscience 2009 29 5 954 963 2-s2.0-61449237400 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06657.x
16. Dehmer T., Heneka M. T., Sastre M., Dichgans J., Schulz J. B., Protection by pioglitazone in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease correlates with I B α induction and block of NF B and iNOS activation. Journal of Neurochemistry 2004 88 2 494 501 2-s2.0-0347087323 (Pubitemid 38084565)
17. Breidert T., Callebert J., Heneka M. T., Landreth G., Launay J. M., Hirsch E. C., Protective action of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ agonist pioglitazone in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neurochemistry 2002 82 3 615 624 2-s2.0-0036326074 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.00990.x (Pubitemid 34831499)
18. Swanson C. R., Joers V., Bondarenko V., Brunner K., Simmons H. A., Ziegler T. E., Kemnitz J. W., Johnson J. A., Emborg M. E., The PPAR- γ agonist pioglitazone modulates inflammation and induces neuroprotection in parkinsonian monkeys. Journal of Neuroinflammation 2011 8, article 91 2-s2.0-79961103714 10.1186/1742-2094-8-91
19. Quinn L. P., Crook B., Hows M. E., Vidgeon-Hart M., Chapman H., Upton N., Medhurst A. D., Virley D. J., The PPAR γ agonist pioglitazone is effective in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease through inhibition of monoamine oxidase B. British Journal of Pharmacology 2008 154 1 226 233 2-s2.0-42949100802 10.1038/bjp.2008.78 (Pubitemid 351620404)
20. Park E. Y., Cho I. J., Kim S. G., Transactivation of the PPAR-responsive enhancer module in chemopreventive glutathione S-transferase gene by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- γ and retinoid X receptor heterodimer. Cancer Research 2004 64 10 3701 3713 2-s2.0-2442658079 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-03-3924 (Pubitemid 38657951)
21. Loke Y. K., Kwok C. S., Singh S., Comparative cardiovascular effects of thiazolidinediones: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMJ 2011 342, article d1309 2-s2.0-79954988778 10.1136/bmj.d1309
22. Gerrits C. M., Bhattacharya M., Manthena S., Baran R., Perez A., Kupfer S., A comparison of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone for hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetes. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 2007 16 10 1065 1071 2-s2.0-35649003900 10.1002/pds.1470 (Pubitemid 350020057)
23. Nissen S. E., Perspective: effect of rosiglitazone on cardiovascular outcomes. Current Cardiology Reports 2007 9 5 343 344 2-s2.0-34548413692 10.1007/BF02938358 (Pubitemid 47365132)
24. Lincoff A. M., Wolski K., Nicholls S. J., Nissen S. E., Pioglitazone and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Journal of the American Medical Association 2007 298 10 1180 1188 2-s2.0-34548590934 10.1001/jama.298.10.1180 (Pubitemid 47403104)
25. Reifel-Miller A., Otto K., Hawkins E., Barr R., Bensch W. R., Bull C., Dana S., Klausing K., Martin J.-A., Rafaeloff-Phail R., Rafizadeh-Montrose C., Rhodes G., Robey R., Rojo I., Rungta D., Snyder D., Wilbur K., Zhang T., Zink R., Warshawsky A., Brozinick J. T., A peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α / γ dual agonist with a unique in vitro profile and potent glucose and lipid effects in rodent models of type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. Molecular Endocrinology 2005 19 6 1593 1605 2-s2.0-22344446185 10.1210/me.2005-0015 (Pubitemid 41002988)
26. Esposito E., Impellizzeri D., Mazzon E., Paterniti I., Cuzzocrea S., Neuroprotective activities of palmitoylethanolamide in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. PLoS ONE 2012 7 8 e41880
27. Johnson D. A., Andrews G. K., Xu W., Johnson J. A., Activation of the antioxidant response element in primary cortical neuronal cultures derived from transgenic reporter mice. Journal of Neurochemistry 2002 81 6 1233 1241 2-s2.0-0036319473 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.00913.x (Pubitemid 34809257)
28. Emborg M. E., Moirano J., Raschke J., Bondarenko V., Zufferey R., Peng S., Ebert A. D., Joers V., Roitberg B., Holden J. E., Koprich J., Lipton J., Kordower J. H., Aebischer P., Response of aged parkinsonian monkeys to in vivo gene transfer of GDNF. Neurobiology of Disease 2009 36 2 303 311 2-s2.0-70349762432 10.1016/j.nbd.2009.07.022
29. Baquet Z. C., Williams D., Brody J., Smeyne R. J., A comparison of model-based (2D) and design-based (3D) stereological methods for estimating cell number in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of the C57BL/6J mouse. Neuroscience 2009 161 4 1082 1090 2-s2.0-66049136339 10.1016/j.neuroscience. 2009.04.031
30. Schmitz C., Hof P. R., Design-based stereology in neuroscience. Neuroscience 2005 130 4 813 831 2-s2.0-11844300345 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004. 08.050 (Pubitemid 40094616)
31. Emborg M. E., Ma S. Y., Mufson E. J., Levey A. I., Taylor M. D., Brown W. D., Holden J. E., Kordower J. H., Age-related declines in nigral neuronal function correlate with motor impairments in rhesus monkeys. Journal of Comparative Neurology 1998 401 2 253 265 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19981116)401: 2<253::AID-CNE7>3.0.CO;2-X (Pubitemid 28481965)
32. West M. J., Slomianka L., Gundersen H. J., Unbiased stereological estimation of the total number of neurons in the subdivisions of the rat hippocampus using the optical fractionator. Anatomical Record 1991 231 4 482 497 2-s2.0-0026339976
33. Vargas M. R., Johnson D. A., Sirkis D. W., Messing A., Johnson J. A., Nrf2 activation in astrocytes protects against neurodegeneration in mouse models of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Journal of Neuroscience 2008 28 50 13574 13581 2-s2.0-58149379610 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4099-08.2008
34. Jackson-Lewis V., Przedborski S., Protocol for the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Nature Protocols 2007 2 1 141 151 2-s2.0-34347259269 10.1038/nprot.2006.342 (Pubitemid 47044700)
35. Jackson-Lewis V., Jakowec M., Burke R. E., Przedborski S., Time course and morphology of dopaminergic neuronal death caused by the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Neurodegeneration 1995 4 3 257 269 2-s2.0-0028784523
36. Tatton N. A., Kish S. J., In situ detection of apoptotic nuclei in the substantia nigra compacta of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine- treated mice using terminal Deoxynucleotidyl transferase labelling and acridine orange staining. Neuroscience 1997 77 4 1037 1048 2-s2.0-0030888286
37. Dauer W., Przedborski S., Parkinson's disease: mechanisms and models. Neuron 2003 39 6 889 909 2-s2.0-0141741347 10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00568-3 (Pubitemid 37130207)
38. Emborg M. E., Evaluation of animal models of Parkinson's disease for neuroprotective strategies. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 2004 139 2 121 143 2-s2.0-5644293405 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2004.08.004 (Pubitemid 39370838)
39. Du Y., Ma Z., Lin S., Dodel R. C., Gao F., Bales K. R., Triarhou L. C., Chernet E., Perry K. W., Nelson D. L. G., Luecke S., Phebus L. A., Bymaster F. P., Paul S. M., Minocycline prevents nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2001 98 25 14669 14674 2-s2.0-0035807904 10.1073/pnas.251341998 (Pubitemid 33121449)
40. Joyce J. N., Woolsey C., Ryoo H., Borwege S., Hagner D., Low dose pramipexole is neuroprotective in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease, and downregulates the dopamine transporter via the D3 receptor. BMC Biology 2004 2, article 22 2-s2.0-13844281345 10.1186/1741-7007-2-22 (Pubitemid 40251686)
41. Heikkila R. E., Manzino L., Cabbat F. S., Duvoisin R. C., Protection against the dopaminergic neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6- tetrahydropyridine by monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Nature 1984 311 5985 467 469 2-s2.0-0021224694 (Pubitemid 14035453)
42. Cho H. Y., Gladwell W., Wang X., Chorley B., Bell D., Reddy S. P., Kleeberger S. R., Nrf2-regulated PPAR γ expression is critical to protection against acute lung injury in mice. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2010 182 2 170 182 2-s2.0-77956624262 10.1164/rccm.200907-1047OC
43. Gong P., Stewart D., Hu B., Li N., Cook J., Nel A., Alam J., Activation of the mouse heme oxygenase-1 gene by 15-Deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) is mediated by the stress response elements and transcription factor Nrf2. Antioxidants and Redox Signaling 2002 4 2 249 257 2-s2.0-0036090689 (Pubitemid 34517176)
44. Carta A. R., Frau L., Pisanu A., Wardas J., Spiga S., Carboni E., Rosiglitazone decreases peroxisome proliferator receptor-gamma levels in microglia and inhibits TNF-alpha production: new evidences on neuroprotection in a progressive Parkinson's disease model. Neuroscience 2011 194 250 261 2-s2.0-80053092797 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.07.046
45. Hunter R. L., Choi D. Y., Ross S. A., Bing G., Protective properties afforded by pioglitazone against intrastriatal LPS in Sprague-Dawley rats. Neuroscience Letters 2008 432 3 198 201 2-s2.0-39149116014 10.1016/j.neulet. 2007.12.019
46. Walsh G., Jefferis R., Post-translational modifications in the context of therapeutic proteins. Nature Biotechnology 2006 24 10 1241 1252 2-s2.0-33749860977 10.1038/nbt1252 (Pubitemid 44564769)
47. Dana N., Fathallah D. M., Arnaout M. A., Expression of a soluble and functional form of the human β 2 integrin CD11b/CD18. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1991 88 8 3106 3110 2-s2.0-0026323937 (Pubitemid 21916568)
48. Abaraviciene S. M., Lundquist I., Salehi A., Rosiglitazone counteracts palmitate-induced β -cell dysfunction by suppression of MAP kinase, inducible nitric oxide synthase and caspase 3 activities. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 2008 65 14 2256 2265 2-s2.0-47749122129 10.1007/s00018-008-8100-8
49. Kiaei M., Kipiani K., Chen J., Calingasan N. Y., Beal M. F., Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist extends survival in transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Experimental Neurology 2005 191 2 331 336 2-s2.0-11844269951 10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.10.007 (Pubitemid 40092877)
50. Moreno S., Farioli-vecchioli S., Cerù M. P., Immunolocalization of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and retinoid X receptors in the adult rat CNS. Neuroscience 2004 123 1 131 145 2-s2.0-0345118108 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2003.08.064 (Pubitemid 37518482)
51. Cullingford T. E., Bhakoo K., Peuchen S., Dolphin C. T., Patel R., Clark J. B., Distribution of mRNAs encoding the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α β and γ and the retinoid X receptor α β and γ in rat central nervous system. Journal of Neurochemistry 1998 70 4 1366 1375 2-s2.0-0031930111 (Pubitemid 28136948)
52. Lee W. J., Kim M., Park H. S., Kim H. S., Jeon M. J., Oh K. S., Koh E. H., Won J. C., Kim M.-S., Oh G. T., Yoon M., Lee K.-U., Park J.-Y., AMPK activation increases fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle by activating PPAR α and PGC-1. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2006 340 1 291 295 2-s2.0-29244436681 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.12.011 (Pubitemid 41827679)
53. Cantó C., Auwerx J., PGC-1 α SIRT1 and AMPK, an energy sensing network that controls energy expenditure. Current Opinion in Lipidology 2009 20 2 98 105 2-s2.0-64549127790 10.1097/MOL.0b013e328328d0a4
54. Hardie D. G., AMPK: a key regulator of energy balance in the single cell and the whole organism. International Journal of Obesity 2008 32 4 S7 S12 2-s2.0-50049091255 10.1038/ijo.2008.116
55. Bromage H., Tempst P., Spiegelman B. M., Fan M., Rhee J., St-Pierre J., Handschin C., Puigserver P., Lin J., Jäeger S., Suppression of mitochondrial respiration through recruitment of p160 myb binding protein to PGC-1 α: modulation by p38 MAPK. Genes and Development 2004 18 3 278 289 2-s2.0-10744222588 10.1101/gad.1152204 (Pubitemid 38199253)
56. Burgermeister E., Seger R., MAPK kinases as nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttles for PPAR γ Cell Cycle 2007 6 13 1539 1548 2-s2.0-34548289084 (Pubitemid 47327937)
57. Shin J. H., Ko H. S., Kang H., Lee Y., Lee Y.-I., Pletinkova O., Troconso J. C., Dawson V. L., Dawson T. M., PARIS (ZNF746) repression of PGC-1 α contributes to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. Cell 2011 144 5 689 702 2-s2.0-79952303794 10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.010
58. Martin H. L., Mounsey R. B., Mustafa S., Sathe K., Teismann P., Pharmacological manipulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR γ) reveals a role for anti-oxidant protection in a model of Parkinson's disease. Experimental Neurology 2012 235 2 528 538 2-s2.0-84860365643 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.02.017
59. St-Pierre J., Drori S., Uldry M., Silvaggi J. M., Rhee J., Jäger S., Handschin C., Zheng K., Lin J., Yang W., Simon D. K., Bachoo R., Spiegelman B. M., Suppression of reactive oxygen species and neurodegeneration by the PGC-1 transcriptional coactivators. Cell 2006 127 2 397 408 2-s2.0-33749999530 10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.024 (Pubitemid 44572377)
60. Ciron C., Lengacher S., Dusonchet J., Aebischer P., Schneider B. L., Sustained expression of PGC-1 α in the rat nigrostriatal system selectively impairs dopaminergic function. Human Molecular Genetics 2012 21 8 1861 1876 2-s2.0-84859242538 ddr618
61. Feinstein D. L., Spagnolo A., Akar C., Weinberg G., Murphy P., Gavrilyuk V., Dello Russo C., Receptor-independent actions of PPAR thiazolidinedione agonists: is mitochondrial function the key? Biochemical Pharmacology 2005 70 2 177 188 2-s2.0-20444497357 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.03.033 (Pubitemid 40814400)
62. Giri S., Rattan R., Singh A. K., Singh I., The 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14- prostaglandin J2 inhibits the inflammatory response in primary rat astrocytes via down-regulating multiple steps in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-akt-NF- B-p300 pathway independent of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ Journal of Immunology 2004 173 8 5196 5208 2-s2.0-6344278016 (Pubitemid 39387803)
63. Boyault S., Simonin M. A., Bianchi A., Compe E., Liagre B., Mainard D., Bécuwe P., Dauça M., Netter P., Terlain B., Bordji K., 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2, but not troglitazone, modulates IL-1 β effects in human chondrocytes by inhibiting NF- B and AP-1 activation pathways. FEBS Letters 2001 501 1 24 30 2-s2.0-10144226439 (Pubitemid 33712481)
64. Ruiz P. A., Kim S. C., Sartor R. B., Haller D., 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14- prostaglandin J2-mediated ERK signaling inhibits gram-negative bacteria-induced RelA phosphorylation and interleukin-6 gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells through modulation of protein phosphatase 2A activity. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2004 279 34 36103 36111 2-s2.0-4143114777 10.1074/jbc.M405032200 (Pubitemid 39100618)
65. Eligini S., Banfi C., Brambilla M., Camera M., Barbieri S. S., Poma F., Tremoli E., Colli S., 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-Prostaglandin J2 inhibits tissue factor expression in human macrophages and endothelial cells: evidence for ERK1/2 signaling pathway blockade. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 2002 88 3 524 532 2-s2.0-0036714972 (Pubitemid 35021614)
66. Sawano H., Haneda M., Sugimoto T., Inoki K., Koya D., Kikkawa R., 15-Deoxy- δ 12,14-prostaglandin J2 inhibits IL-1 β -induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in mesangial cells. Kidney International 2002 61 6 1957 1967 2-s2.0-0035983446 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00351.x (Pubitemid 34539313)
67. Garrido-Gil P., Joglar B., Rodriguez-Perez A. I., Guerra M. J., Labandeira-Garcia J. L., Involvement of PPAR- γ in the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of angiotensin type 1 receptor inhibition: effects of the receptor antagonist telmisartan and receptor deletion in a mouse MPTP model of Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neuroinflammation 2012 9, article 38 2-s2.0-84857228790 10.1186/1742-2094-9-38
68. Hosono T., Mizuguchi H., Katayama K., Koizumi N., Kawabata K., Yamaguchi T., Nakagawa S., Watanabe Y., Mayumi T., Hayakawa T., RNA interference of PPAR γ using fiber-modified adenovirus vector efficiently suppresses preadipocyte-to-adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Gene 2005 348 1-2 157 165 2-s2.0-20144364762 10.1016/j.gene.2005.01.005 (Pubitemid 40410026)
69. Neumann A., Weill A., Ricordeau P., Fagot J. P., Alla F., Allemand H., Pioglitazone and risk of bladder cancer among diabetic patients in France: a population-based cohort study. Diabetologia 2012 7 1953 1962 2-s2.0-84858982311 10.1007/s00125-012-2538-9
70. Lewis J. D., Ferrara A., Peng T., Hedderson M., Bilker W. B., Quesenberry C. P. Jr., Vaughn D. J., Nessel L., Selby J., Strom B. L., Risk of bladder cancer among diabetic patients treated with pioglitazone: interim report of a longitudinal cohort study. Diabetes Care 2011 34 4 916 922 2-s2.0-79956217900 10.2337/dc10-1068
71. Mitka M., Panel recommends easing restrictions on rosiglitazone despite concerns about cardiovascular safety. JAMA 2013 310 3 246 247 10.1001/jama.2013.8141