Clinicopathologic features of synchronous colorectal carcinoma: A distinct subset arising from multiple sessile serrated adenomas and associated with high levels of Microsatellite instability and favorable prognosis

American Journal of Surgical Pathology

Volumn 37, Issue 11, 2013, Pages 1660-1670

  Hu, Huankai ^a   Chang, Daniel T ^b   Nikiforova, Marina N ^a   Kuan, Shih Fan ^a   Pai, Reetesh K ^a  

^a PRESBYTERIAN UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

BRAF; CIMP H; colorectal carcinoma; MSIH; prognosis; serrated polyposis; sessile serrated adenoma; solitary; synchronous

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE; B RAF KINASE; BRAF PROTEIN, HUMAN; DNA BINDING PROTEIN; MLH1 PROTEIN, HUMAN; NUCLEAR PROTEIN; PMS2 PROTEIN, HUMAN; POLYDEOXYRIBONUCLEOTIDE SYNTHASE; SIGNAL TRANSDUCING ADAPTOR PROTEIN; TUMOR MARKER;

ADENOCARCINOMA; ADENOMA; ADULT; AGE; AGED; ARTICLE; CANCER GRADING; CHEMISTRY; CHI SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; COLORECTAL TUMOR; FEMALE; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; GENETICS; HUMAN; KAPLAN MEIER METHOD; MALE; MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; MULTIPLE CANCER; MUTATION; PATHOLOGY; PHENOTYPE; PROGNOSIS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE; VERY ELDERLY;

ADAPTOR PROTEINS, SIGNAL TRANSDUCING; ADENOCARCINOMA; ADENOMA; ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASES; ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; DNA REPAIR ENZYMES; DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; FEMALE; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; HUMANS; KAPLAN-MEIER ESTIMATE; MALE; MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY; MIDDLE AGED; MUTATION; NEOPLASM GRADING; NEOPLASMS, MULTIPLE PRIMARY; NUCLEAR PROTEINS; PHENOTYPE; PROGNOSIS; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS B-RAF; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; SEX FACTORS; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 84886431566     PISSN: 01475185     EISSN: 15320979     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0b013e31829623b8     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Lengauer C, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B. Genetic instability in colorectal cancers. Nature. 1997;386:623-627.
2. Herman JG, Umar A, Polyak K, et al. Incidence and functional consequences of hMLH1 promoter hypermethylation in colorectal carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998;95:6870-6875.
3. Kane MF, Loda M, Gaida GM, et al. Methylation of the hMLH1 promoter correlates with lack of expression of hMLH1 in sporadic colon tumors and mismatch repair-defective human tumor cell lines. Cancer Res. 1997;57:808-811.
4. Kambara T, Simms LA, Whitehall VL, et al. BRAF mutation is associated with DNA methylation in serrated polyps and cancers of the colorectum. Gut. 2004;53:1137-1144.
5. Carr NJ, Mahajan H, Tan KL, et al. Serrated and non-serrated polyps of the colorectum: their prevalence in an unselected case series and correlation of BRAF mutation analysis with the diagnosis of sessile serrated adenoma. J Clin Pathol. 2009;62:516-518.
6. Weisenberger DJ, Siegmund KD, Campan M, et al. CpG island methylator phenotype underlies sporadic microsatellite instability and is tightly associated with BRAF mutation in colorectal cancer. Nat Genet. 2006;38:787-793.
7. OBrien MJ, Yang S, Mack C, et al. Comparison of microsatellite instability, CpG island methylation phenotype, BRAF and KRAS status in serrated polyps and traditional adenomas indicates separate pathways to distinct colorectal carcinoma end points. Am J Surg Pathol. 2006;30:1491-1501.
8. Spring KJ, Zhao ZZ, Karamatic R, et al. High prevalence of sessile serrated adenomas with BRAF mutations: a prospective study of patients undergoing colonoscopy. Gastroenterology. 2006;131: 1400-1407.
9. Velayos FS, Lee SH, Qiu H, et al. The mechanism of microsatellite instability is different in synchronous and metachronous colorectal cancer. J Gastrointest Surg. 2005;9:329-335.
10. Lawes DA, Pearson T, Sengupta S, et al. The role of MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 in the development of multiple colorectal cancers. Br J Cancer. 2005;93:472-477.
11. Norrie MW, Hawkins NJ, Todd AV, et al. The role of hMLH1 methylation in the development of synchronous sporadic colorectal carcinomas. Dis Colon Rectum. 2002;45:674-680.
12. Ogino S, Brahmandam M, Kawasaki T, et al. Epigenetic profiling of synchronous colorectal neoplasias by quantitative DNA methylation analysis. Mod Pathol. 2006;19:1083-1090.
13. Nosho K, Kure S, Irahara N, et al. A prospective cohort study shows unique epigenetic, genetic, and prognostic features ofsynchronous colorectal cancers. Gastroenterology. 2009;137: 1609-1620 e1-3.
14. Passman MA, Pommier RF, Vetto JT. Synchronous colon primaries have the same prognosis as solitary colon cancers. Dis Colon Rectum. 1996;39:329-334.
15. Latournerie M, Jooste V, Cottet V, et al. Epidemiology and prognosis of synchronous colorectal cancers. Br J Surg. 2008;95: 1528-1533.
16. Chen HS, Sheen-Chen SM. Synchronous and early metachronous colorectal adenocarcinoma: analysis of prognosis and current trends. Dis Colon Rectum. 2000;43:1093-1099.
17. Adloff M, Arnaud JP, Bergamaschi R, et al. Synchronous carcinoma of the colon and rectum: prognostic and therapeutic implications. Am J Surg. 1989;157:299-302.
18. Hartman DJ, Nikiforova M, Chang DT, et al. Signet ring cell colorectal carcinoma: a distinct subset of mucin-poor microsatellite stable signet ring cell carcinoma associated with dismal prognosis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2013. (In press).
19. Bianchi F, Galizia E, Catalani R, et al. CAT25 is a mononucleotide marker to identify HNPCC patients. J Mol Diagn. 2009;11:248-252.
20. Yousem SA, Nikiforova M, Nikiforov Y. The histopathology of BRAF-V600E-mutated lung adenocarcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2008;32:1317-1321.
21. Young J, Simms LA, Biden KG, et al. Features of colorectal cancers with high-level microsatellite instability occurring in familial and sporadic settings: parallel pathways of tumorigenesis. Am J Pathol. 2001;159:2107-2116.
22. Graham DM, Appelman HD. Crohns-like lymphoid reaction and colorectal carcinoma: a potential histologic prognosticator. Mod Pathol. 1990;3:332-335.
23. Hamilton SR, Bosman FT, Boffetta P, et al. Carcinoma of the colon and rectum. In: Bosman FT, Carneiro F, Hruban RH, Theise ND, eds. WHO Classification of Tumors of the Digestive System. 4th ed. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2010:134-146.
24. Snover DC, Ahnen DJ, Burt RW, et al. Serrated polyps of the colon and rectum and serrated polyposis. In: Bosman FT, Carneiro F, Hruban RH, Theise ND, eds. WHO Classification of Tumors of the Digestive System. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2010:160-165.
25. Umar A, Boland CR, Terdiman JP, et al. Revised Bethesda Guidelines for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome) and microsatellite instability. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96:261-268.
26. Hetzel JT, Huang CS, Coukos JA, et al. Variation in the detection of serrated polyps in an average risk colorectal cancer screening cohort. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105:2656-2664.
27. Kahi CJ, Hewett DG, Norton DL, et al. Prevalence and variable detection of proximal colon serrated polyps during screening colonoscopy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;9:42-46.
28. Schreiner MA, Weiss DG, Lieberman DA. Proximal and large hyperplastic and nondysplastic serrated polyps detected by colonoscopy are associated with neoplasia. Gastroenterology. 2010;139: 1497-1502.
29. Rex DK, Ahnen DJ, Baron JA, et al. Serrated lesions of the colorectum: review and recommendations from an expert panel. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107:1315-1329.
30. Li D, Jin C, McCulloch C, et al. Association of large serrated polyps with synchronous advanced colorectal neoplasia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009;104:695-702.
31. Lu FI, van Niekerk de W, Owen D, et al. Longitudinal outcome study of sessile serrated adenomas of the colorectum: an increased risk for subsequent right-sided colorectal carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010;34:927-934.
32. Salaria SN, Streppel MM, Lee LA, et al. Sessile serrated adenomas: high-risk lesions? Hum Pathol. 2012;43:1808-1814.
33. Lazarus R, Junttila OE, Karttunen TJ, et al. The risk of metachronous neoplasia in patients with serrated adenoma. Am J Clin Pathol. 2005;123:349-359.
34. Vu HT, Lopez R, Bennett A, et al. Individuals with sessile serrated polyps express an aggressive colorectal phenotype. Dis Colon Rectum. 2011;54:1216-1223.
35. Dykes SL, Qui H, Rothenberger DA, et al. Evidence of a preferred molecular pathway in patients with synchronous colorectal cancer. Cancer. 2003;98:48-54.
36. Guarinos C, Sanchez-Fortun C, Rodriguez-Soler M, et al. Clinical subtypes and molecular characteristics of serrated polyposis syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013. [Epub ahead of print].
37. Rosty C, Buchanan DD, Walsh MD, et al. Phenotype and polyp landscape in serrated polyposis syndrome: a series of 100 patients from genetics clinics. Am J Surg Pathol. 2012;36:876-882.
38. Rosty C, Walsh MD, Walters RJ, et al. Multiplicity and molecular heterogeneity of colorectal carcinomas in individuals with serrated polyposis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2013;37:434-442.
39. Win AK, Walters RJ, Buchanan DD, et al. Cancer risks for relatives of patients with serrated polyposis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107: 770-778.
40. Takeuchi H, Toda T, Nagasaki S, et al. Synchronous multiple colorectal adenocarcinomas. J Surg Oncol. 1997;64:304-307.
41. Popat S, Hubner R, Houlston RS. Systematic review of microsatellite instability and colorectal cancer prognosis. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:609-618.
42. Estrella JS, Wu TT, Rashid A, et al. Mucosal colonization by metastatic carcinoma in the gastrointestinal tract: a potential mimic of primary neoplasia. Am J Surg Pathol. 2011;35:563-572.
43. Boparai KS, Dekker E, Van Eeden S, et al. Hyperplastic polyps and sessile serrated adenomas as a phenotypic expression of MYHassociated polyposis. Gastroenterology. 2008;135:2014-2018.
44. Wang L, Baudhuin LM, Boardman LA, et al. MYH mutations in patients with attenuated and classic polyposis and with youngonset colorectal cancer without polyps. Gastroenterology. 2004; 127:9-16.