Septic shock: Desperately seeking treatment

Clinical Science

Volumn 126, Issue 1, 2014, Pages 31-39

  Huet, Olivier ^a,b   Chin Dusting, Jaye P F ^b  

^a BAKER IDI HEART AND DIABETES INSTITUTE   (Australia)

^b ALFRED HOSPITAL   (Australia)

Author keywords

Inflammation; Mesenchymal stem cell; Renin Angiotensin system; Septic shock

Indexed keywords

AMMONIUM TRICHLORO(DIOXYETHYLENE O,O')TELLURATE; GAMMA INTERFERON; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 2; INTERLEUKIN 6; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

ARTICLE; COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; CYTOKINE RELEASE; ENDOTHELIUM CELL; HOST PATHOGEN INTERACTION; HUMAN; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; INNATE IMMUNITY; MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL; MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM; SEPTIC SHOCK;

ANIMALS; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; HUMANS; MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; PROGNOSIS; RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM; SHOCK, SEPTIC;

EID: 84885071058     PISSN: 01435221     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1042/CS20120668     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Wenzel, R. P. (2002) Treating sepsis. N. Engl. J. Med. 347, 966-967
2. Lagu, T., Rothberg, M. B., Shieh, M. S., Pekow, P. S., Steingrub, J. S. and Lindenauer, P. K. (2012) Hospitalizations, costs, and outcomes of severe sepsis in the United States 2003 to 2007. Crit. Care Med. 40, 754-761
3. ARISE, ANZIC APD Management Committee (2007) The outcome of patients with sepsis and septic shock presenting to emergency departments in Australia and New Zealand. Crit. Care Resusc. 9, 8-18
4. Marshall, J. C. (2008) Sepsis: rethinking the approach to clinical research. J. Leukocyte Biol. 83, 471-482
5. De Backer, D., Creteur, J., Preiser, J. C., Dubois, M. J. and Vincent, J. L. (2002) Microvascular blood flow is altered in patients with sepsis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 166, 98-104
6. Trzeciak, S., Dellinger, R. P., Parrillo, J. E., Guglielmi, M., Bajaj, J., Abate, N. L., Arnold, R. C., Colilla, S., Zanotti, S. and Hollenberg, S. M. (2007) Early microcirculatory perfusion derangements in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock: relationship to hemodynamics, oxygen transport, and survival. Ann. Emerg. Med. 49, 88-98
7. Dellinger, R. P., Levy, M. M., Rhodes, A., Annane, D., Gerlach, H., Opal, S. M., Sevransky, J. E., Sprung, C. L., Douglas, I. S., Jaeschke, R. et al. (2013) Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit. Care Med. 41, 580-637
8. Ranieri, V. M., Thompson, B. T., Barie, P. S., Dhainaut, J. F., Douglas, I. S., Finfer, S., Gardlund, B., Marshall, J. C., Rhodes, A., Artigas, A. et al. (2012) Drotrecogin alfa (activated) in adults with septic shock. N. Engl. J. Med. 366, 2055-2064
9. Bernard, G. R., Vincent, J. L., Laterre, P. F., LaRosa, S. P., Dhainaut, J. F., Lopez-Rodriguez, A., Steingrub, J. S., Garber, G. E., Helterbrand, J. D., Ely, E. W. and Fisher, Jr, C. J. (2001) Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis. N. Engl. J. Med. 344, 699-709
10. Rivers, E., Nguyen, B., Havstad, S., Ressler, J., Muzzin, A., Knoblich, B., Peterson, E. and Tomlanovich, M. (2001) Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. N. Engl. J. Med. 345, 1368-1377
11. Nguyen, H. B., Corbett, S. W., Steele, R., Banta, J., Clark, R. T., Hayes, S. R., Edwards, J., Cho, T. W. and Wittlake, W. A. (2007) Implementation of a bundle of quality indicators for the early management of severe sepsis and septic shock is associated with decreased mortality. Crit. Care Med. 35, 1105-1112
12. Ferrer, R., Artigas, A., Levy, M. M., Blanco, J., Gonzalez-Diaz, G., Garnacho-Montero, J., Ibanez, J., Palencia, E., Quintana, M. and de la Torre-Prados, M. V (2008) Improvement in process of care and outcome after a multicenter severe sepsis educational program in Spain. JAMA, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 299, 2294-2303
13. Bone, R. C., Balk, R. A., Cerra, F. B., Dellinger, R. P., Fein, A. M., Knaus, W. A., Schein, R. M. and Sibbald, W. J. (1992) Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. Chest 101, 1644-1655
14. Levy, M. M., Fink, M. P., Marshall, J. C., Abraham, E., Angus, D., Cook, D., Cohen, J., Opal, S. M., Vincent, J. L. and Ramsay, G. (2003) 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Crit. Care Med. 31, 1250-1256
15. Oberholzer, A., Oberholzer, C. and Moldawer, L. L. (2001) Sepsis syndromes: understanding the role of innate and acquired immunity. Shock 16, 83-96
16. Bone, R. C. (1996) Sir Isaac Newton, sepsis, SIRS, and CARS. Crit. Care Med. 24, 1125-1128
17. Creasey, A. A., Stevens, P., Kenney, J., Allison, A. C., Warren, K., Catlett, R., Hinshaw, L. and Taylor, Jr, F. B. (1991) Endotoxin and cytokine profile in plasma of baboons challenged with lethal and sublethal Escherichia coli. Circ. Shock 33, 84-91
18. Mathison, J. C., Wolfson, E. and Ulevitch, R. J. (1988) Participation of tumor necrosis factor in the mediation of gram negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced injury in rabbits. J. Clin. Invest. 81, 1925-1937
19. Casey, L. C., Balk, R. A. and Bone, R. C. (1993) Plasma cytokine and endotoxin levels correlate with survival in patients with the sepsis syndrome. Ann. Intern. Med. 119, 771-778
20. Gardlund, B., Sjolin, J., Nilsson, A., Roll, M., Wickerts, C. J. and Wretlind, B. (1995) Plasma levels of cytokines in primary septic shock in humans: correlation with disease severity. J. Infect. Dis. 172, 296-301
21. Riordan, F. A., Marzouk, O., Thomson, A. P., Sills, J. A. and Hart, C. A. (1996) Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in meningococcal disease. Arch. Dis. Child. 75, 453-454
22. Pinsky, M. R., Vincent, J. L., Deviere, J., Alegre, M., Kahn, R. J. and Dupont, E. (1993) Serum cytokine levels in human septic shock. Relation to multiple-system organ failure and mortality. Chest 103, 565-575
23. Greenman, R. L., Schein, R. M., Martin, M. A., Wenzel, R. P., MacIntyre, N. R., Emmanuel, G., Chmel, H., Kohler, R. B., McCarthy, M., Plouffe, J. et al. (1991) A controlled clinical trial of E5 murine monoclonal IgM antibody to endotoxin in the treatment of gram-negative sepsis. JAMA, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 266, 1097-1102
24. Ziegler, E. J., Fisher, C. J. Jr., Sprung, C. L., Straube, R. C., Sadoff, J. C., Foulke, G. E., Wortel, C. H., Fink, M. P., Dellinger, R. P., Teng, N. N. et al. (1991) Treatment of gram-negative bacteremia and septic shock with HA-1A human monoclonal antibody against endotoxin. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. N. Engl. J. Med. 324, 429-436
25. Osuchowski, M. F., Welch, K., Siddiqui, J. and Remick, D. G. (2006) Circulating cytokine/inhibitor profiles reshape the understanding of the SIRS/CARS continuum in sepsis and predict mortality. J. Immunol. 177, 1967-1974
26. Osuchowski, M. F., Craciun, F., Weixelbaumer, K. M., Duffy, E. R. and Remick, D. G. (2012) Sepsis chronically in mars: systemic cytokine responses are always mixed regardless of the outcome, magnitude, or phase of sepsis. J. Immunol. 189, 4648-4656
27. Mera, S., Tatulescu, D., Cismaru, C., Bondor, C., Slavcovici, A., Zanc, V., Carstina, D. and Oltean, M. (2011) Multiplex cytokine profiling in patients with sepsis. APMIS. 119, 155-163
28. Tamayo, E., Gomez, E., Bustamante, J., Gomez-Herreras, J. I., Fonteriz, R., Bobillo, F., Bermejo-Martin, J. F., Castrodeza, J., Heredia, M., Fierro, I. and Alvarez, F. J. (2012) Evolution of neutrophil apoptosis in septic shock survivors and nonsurvivors. J. Crit. Care 27 415, e411-411
29. Cavaillon, J. M., Adib-Conquy, M., Fitting, C., Adrie, C. and Payen, D. (2003) Cytokine cascade in sepsis. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 35, 535-544
30. Rodriguez-Gaspar, M., Santolaria, F., Jarque-Lopez, A., Gonzalez-Reimers, E., Milena, A., de la Vega, M. J., Rodriguez-Rodriguez, E. and Gomez-Sirvent, J. L. (2001) Prognostic value of cytokines in SIRS general medical patients. Cytokine 15, 232-236
31. Zobel, K., Martus, P., Pletz, M. W., Ewig, S., Prediger, M., Welte, T. and Buhling, F. (2012) Interleukin 6, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and interleukin 10 in the prediction of risk and etiologic patterns in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: results from the German competence network CAPNETZ. BMC Pulm. Med. 12, 6
32. Kellum, J. A., Kong, L., Fink, M. P., Weissfeld, L. A., Yealy, D. M., Pinsky, M. R., Fine, J., Krichevsky, A., Delude, R. L. and Angus, D. C. (2007) Understanding the inflammatory cytokine response in pneumonia and sepsis: results of the Genetic and Inflammatory Markers of Sepsis (GenIMS) Study. Arch. Intern. Med. 167, 1655-1663
33. Boomer, J. S., To, K., Chang, K. C., Takasu, O., Osborne, D. F., Walton, A. H., Bricker, T. L., Jarman, II, S. D., Kreisel, D., Krupnick, A. S. et al. (2011) Immunosuppression in patients who die of sepsis and multiple organ failure. JAMA, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 306, 2594-2605
34. Novotny, A. R., Reim, D., Assfalg, V., Altmayr, F., Friess, H. M., Emmanuel, K. and Holzmann, B. (2012) Mixed antagonist response and sepsis severity-dependent dysbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory responses at the onset of postoperative sepsis. Immunobiology 217, 616-621
35. Gerard, C., Bruyns, C., Marchant, A., Abramowicz, D., Vandenabeele, P., Delvaux, A., Fiers, W., Goldman, M. and Velu, T. (1993) Interleukin 10 reduces the release of tumor necrosis factor and prevents lethality in experimental endotoxemia. J. Exp. Med. 177, 547-550
36. Remick, D. G., Garg, S. J., Newcomb, D. E., Wollenberg, G., Huie, T. K. and Bolgos, G. L. (1998) Exogenous interleukin-10 fails to decrease the mortality or morbidity of sepsis. Crit. Care Med. 26, 895-904
37. Mosser, D. M. and Zhang, X. (2008) Interleukin-10: new perspectives on an old cytokine. Immunol. Rev. 226, 205-218
38. Huet, O., Laemmel, E., Fu, Y., Dupic, L., Aprico, A. Andrews, K. L., Moore, S. L., Harrois, A., Meikle, P. L., Vicaut, E. et al. (2013) Interleukin 10 antioxidant effect decreases leukocytes/ endothelial interaction induced by tumor necrosis factor a. Shock 39, 83-88
39. Cyktor, J. C. and Turner, J. (2011) Interleukin-10 and immunity against prokaryotic and eukaryotic intracellular pathogens. Infect. Immun. 79, 2964-2973
40. Kalechman, Y., Gafter, U., Gal, R., Rushkin, G., Yan, D., Albeck, M. and Sredni, B. (2002) Anti-IL-10 therapeutic strategy using the immunomodulator AS101 in protecting mice from sepsis-induced death: dependence on timing of immunomodulating intervention. J. Immunol. 169, 384-392
41. Muenzer, J. T., Davis, C. G., Chang, K., Schmidt, R. E., Dunne, W. M., Coopersmith, C. M. and Hotchkiss, R. S. (2010) Characterization and modulation of the immunosuppressive phase of sepsis. Infect. Immun. 78, 1582-1592
42. Starkie, R., Ostrowski, S. R., Jauffred, S., Febbraio, M. and Pedersen, B. K. (2003) Exercise and IL-6 infusion inhibit endotoxin-induced TNF-a production in humans. FASEB J. 17, 884-886
43. Brandt, C. and Pedersen, B. K. (2010) The role of exerciseinduced myokines in muscle homeostasis and the defense against chronic diseases. J. Biomed. Biotechnol. 2010, 520258
44. Marshall, J. C., Deitch, E., Moldawer, L. L., Opal, S., Redl, H. and van der Poll, T. (2005) Preclinical models of shock and sepsis: what can they tell us? Shock 24 (Suppl. 1), 1-6
45. Dejager, L., Pinheiro, I., Dejonckheere, E. and Libert, C. (2011) Cecal ligation and puncture: the gold standard model for polymicrobial sepsis? Trends Microbiol. 19, 198-208
46. Seok, J., Warren, H. S., Cuenca, A. G., Mindrinos, M. N., Baker, H. V., Xu, W., Richards, D. R., McDonald-Smith, G. P., Gao, H., Hennessy, L. et al. (2013) Genomic responses in mouse models poorly mimic human inflammatory diseases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 110, 3507-3512
47. Buras, J. A., Holzmann, B. and Sitkovsky, M. (2005) Animal models of sepsis: setting the stage. Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery 4, 854-865
48. van der Poll, T., Marchant, A., Buurman, W. A., Berman, L., Keogh, C. V., Lazarus, D. D., Nguyen, L., Goldman, M., Moldawer, L. L. and Lowry, S. F. (1995) Endogenous IL-10 protects mice from death during septic peritonitis. J. Immunol. 155, 5397-5401
49. Mathiak, G., Szewczyk, D., Abdullah, F., Ovadia, P., Feuerstein, G. and Rabinovici, R. (2000) An improved clinically relevant sepsis model in the conscious rat. Crit. Care Med. 28, 1947-1952
50. Barkhausen, T., Hildebrand, F., Krettek, C. and van Griensven, M. (2009) DHEA-dependent and organ-specific regulation of TNF-a mRNA expression in a murine polymicrobial sepsis and trauma model. Crit Care 13, R114
51. Muenzer, J. T., Davis, C. G., Dunne, B. S., Unsinger, J., Dunne, W. M. and Hotchkiss, R. S. (2006) Pneumonia after cecal ligation and puncture: a clinically relevant "two-hit" model of sepsis. Shock 26, 565-570
52. Drechsler, S., Weixelbaumer, K. M., Redl, H., van Griensven, M., Bahrami, S. and Osuchowski, M. F. (2011) Experimentally approaching the ICU: monitoring outcome-based responses in the two-hit mouse model of posttraumatic sepsis. J. Biomed. Biotechnol. 2011, 357926
53. Touyz, R. M. (2007) Vascular remodeling, retinal arteries, and hypertension. Hypertension 50, 603-604
54. Farmer, J. A. and Torre-Amione, G. (2001) The renin angiotensin system as a risk factor for coronary artery disease. Curr. Atheroscler. Rep. 3, 117-124
55. Suzuki, Y., Ruiz-Ortega, M., Lorenzo, O., Ruperez, M., Esteban, V. and Egido, J. (2003) Inflammation and angiotensin II. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 35, 881-900
56. Jones, E. S., Vinh, A., McCarthy, C. A., Gaspari, T. A. and Widdop, R. E. (2008) AT2 receptors: functional relevance in cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol. Ther. 120, 292-316
57. Orfanos, S. E., Kotanidou, A., Glynos, C., Athanasiou, C., Tsigkos, S., Dimopoulou, I., Sotiropoulou, C., Zakynthinos, S., Armaganidis, A., Papapetropoulos, A. and Roussos, C. (2007) Angiopoietin-2 is increased in severe sepsis: correlation with inflammatory mediators. Crit. Care Med. 35, 199-206
58. Sanchez-Lemus, E., Benicky, J., Pavel, J., Larrayoz, I. M., Zhou, J., Baliova, M., Nishioku, T. and Saavedra, J. M. (2009) Angiotensin II AT1 blockade reduces the lipopolysaccharide-induced innate immune response in rat spleen. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 296, R1376-R1384
59. Miyoshi, M., Nagata, K., Imoto, T., Goto, O., Ishida, A. and Watanabe, T. (2003) ANG II is involved in the LPS-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines in dehydrated rats. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 284, R1092-R1097
60. Hagiwara, S., Iwasaka, H., Matumoto, S., Hidaka, S. and Noguchi, T. (2009) Effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor on the inflammatory response in in vivo and in vitro models. Crit. Care Med. 37, 626-633
61. Hagiwara, S., Iwasaka, H., Hidaka, S., Hasegawa, A., Koga, H. and Noguchi, T. (2009) Antagonist of the type-1 ANG II receptor prevents against LPS-induced septic shock in rats. Intens. Care Med. 35, 1471-1478
62. Wosten-van Asperen, R. M., Lutter, R., Specht, P. A., Moll, G. N., van Woensel, J. B., van der Loos, C. M., van Goor, H., Kamilic, J., Florquin, S. and Bos, A. P. (2011) Acute respiratory distress syndrome leads to reduced ratio of ACE/ACE2 activities and is prevented by angiotensin-(1-7) or an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. J. Pathol. 225, 618-627
63. Imai, Y., Kuba, K., Rao, S., Huan, Y., Guo, F., Guan, B., Yang, P., Sarao, R., Wada, T., Leong-Poi, H. et al. (2005) Angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 protects from severe acute lung failure. Nature 436, 112-116
64. Wosten-van Asperen, R. M., Lutter, R., Specht, P. A., van Woensel, J. B., van der Loos, C. M., Florquin, S., Lachmann, B. and Bos, A. P. (2010) Ventilator-induced inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide-exposed rat lung is mediated by angiotensin-converting enzyme. Am. J. Pathol. 176, 2219-2227
65. Nemeth, K., Leelahavanichkul, A., Yuen, P. S., Mayer, B., Parmelee, A., Doi, K., Robey, P. G., Leelahavanichkul, K., Koller, B. H., Brown, J. M. et al. (2009) Bone marrow stromal cells attenuate sepsis via prostaglandin E2-dependent reprogramming of host macrophages to increase their interleukin-10 production. Nat. Med. 15, 42-49
66. Krasnodembskaya, A., Samarani, G., Song, Y., Zhuo, H., Su, X., Lee, J. W., Gupta, N., Petrini, M. and Matthay, M. A. (2012) Human mesenchymal stem cells reduce mortality and bacteremia in gram-negative sepsis in mice in part by enhancing the phagocytic activity of blood monocytes. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 302, L1003-L1013
67. Krasnodembskaya, A., Song, Y., Fang, X., Gupta, N., Serikov, V., Lee, J. W. and Matthay, M. A. (2010) Antibacterial effect of human mesenchymal stem cells is mediated in part from secretion of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37. Stem Cells 28, 2229-2238
68. Mei, S. H., Haitsma, J. J., Dos Santos, C. C., Deng, Y., Lai, P. F., Slutsky, A. S., Liles, W. C. and Stewart, D. J. (2010) Mesenchymal stem cells reduce inflammation while enhancing bacterial clearance and improving survival in sepsis. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 182, 1047-1057
69. Lee, J. W., Fang, X., Gupta, N., Serikov, V. and Matthay, M. A. (2009) Allogeneic human mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of E. coli endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in the ex vivo perfused human lung. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106, 16357-16362
70. Gupta, N., Krasnodembskaya, A., Kapetanaki, M., Mouded, M., Tan, X., Serikov, V. and Matthay, M. A. (2012) Mesenchymal stem cells enhance survival and bacterial clearance in murine Escherichia coli pneumonia. Thorax 67, 533-539
71. Curley, G. F., Hayes, M., Ansari, B., Shaw, G., Ryan, A., Barry, F., O'Brien, T., O'Toole, D. and Laffey, J. G. (2012) Mesenchymal stem cells enhance recovery and repair following ventilator-induced lung injury in the rat. Thorax 67, 496-501