Bone cells and the mechanisms of bone remodelling

Frontiers in Bioscience - Elite

Volumn 4 E, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 2302-2321

  Fattore, Andrea Del ^a   Teti, Anna ^b   Rucci, Nadia ^b  

^a BAMBINO GESÙ CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF L'AQUILA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Bone remodelling; Osteoblast; Osteoclast; Osteocyte; Review

Indexed keywords

CALCITRIOL; CYCLIC AMP RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN; EPHRIN RECEPTOR B1; FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 23; INSULIN; INTERLEUKIN 6; KLOTHO PROTEIN; LEPTIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR RELATED PROTEIN 5; MICROPHTHALMIA ASSOCIATED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; MONOCYTE CHEMOTACTIC PROTEIN 1; OSTEOCALCIN; OSTEOCLAST DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR; PARATHYROID HORMONE; RECEPTOR ACTIVATOR OF NUCLEAR FACTOR KAPPA B; SEROTONIN; TESTOSTERONE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR DLX5; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NFAT; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NFATC1; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR RUNX2; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR ASSOCIATED FACTOR 6; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; WNT PROTEIN;

ACIDIFICATION; ADIPOSE TISSUE; ARTICLE; BONE CELL; BONE DENSITY; BONE DEVELOPMENT; BONE MASS; BONE MATRIX; BONE REMODELING; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL FUNCTION; CELL INTERACTION; CELL NUCLEUS; CELL STRUCTURE; CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION; DECARBOXYLATION; FAT MASS; GLUCOSE METABOLISM; GOLGI COMPLEX; HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL; HOMEOSTASIS; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELL; INSULIN SYNTHESIS; KIDNEY FUNCTION; LEYDIG CELL; MALE INFERTILITY; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOLUS; OSTEOBLAST; OSTEOCLAST; OSTEOCLASTOGENESIS; OSTEOCYTE; OSTEOLYSIS; PHOSPHATE EXCRETION; REGULATORY MECHANISM; RIBOSOME; ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SPINDLE SHAPED N CADHERIN OSTEOBLAST; TESTOSTERONE SYNTHESIS; WNT SIGNALING PATHWAY;

EID: 84883571269     PISSN: 19450494     EISSN: 19450508     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (126)

1. Jian Q Feng, Leanne M Ward, Shiguang Liu, Yongbo Lu, Yixia Xie, Baozhi Yuan, Xijie Yu, Frank Rauch, Siobhan I Davis, Shubin Zhang, Hector Rios, Mark K Drezner, L Darryl Quarles, Linda F Bonewald, Kenneth E White: Loss of DMP1 causes rickets and osteomalacia and identifies a role for osteocytes in mineral metabolism. Nat Genet 38, 1310-1315 (2006)) (Pubitemid 44646294)
2. Louis-Francois Bélanger, Leo Jarry, Hans K Uhthoff: Osteocytic osteolysis in Paget's disease. Rev Can Biol 27, 37-44 (1968))
3. Alberta Zallone, Anna Teti, Maria Vittoria Primavera, G. Pace: Mature osteocytes behaviour in a repletion period: the occurrence of osteoplastic activity. Bas Appl Histochem 27, 191-204 (1983))
4. Anna Teti, Alberta Zallone: Do osteocytes contribute to mineral homeostasis? Osteocytic osteolysis revisited. Bone 44, 11-16 (2009))
5. Na Kyung Lee, Hideaki Sowa, Eiichi Hinoi, Mathieu Ferron, Jong Deok Ahn, Cyrille Confavreux, Romain Dacquin, Patrick J Mee, Marc D McKee, Dae Young Jung, Zhiyou Zhang, Jason K Kim, Franck Mauvais-Jarvis, Patricia Ducy, Gerard Karsenty: Endocrine regulation of energy metabolism by the skeleton. Cell 130, 456-469 (2007)) (Pubitemid 47208519)
6. Mathieu Ferron, Jianwen Wei, Tatsuya Yoshizawa, Andrea Del Fattore, Ronald A DePinho, Anna Teti, Patricia Ducy, Gerard Karsenty: Insulin signaling in osteoblasts integrates bone remodeling and energy metabolism. Cell 142, 296-308 (2010))
7. Franck Oury, Grzegorz Sumara, Olga Sumara, Mathieu Ferron, Haixin Chang, Charles E Smith, Louis Hermo, Susan Suarez, Bryan L Roth, Patricia Ducy and Gerard Karsenty: Endocrine regulation of male fertility by the skeleton. Cell 144, 796-809 (2011))
8. Tatsuo Suda, Naoyuki Takahashi, Nobuyuki Udagawa, Eijiro Jimi, Matthew T Gillespie, T John Martin: Modulation of osteoclast differentiation and function by the new members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor and ligand families. Endocr Rev 20, 345-357 (1999)) (Pubitemid 30649812)
9. Arpita Chakravarti, Marie-Astrid Raquil, Philippe Tessier, Patrice E Poubelle: Surface RANKL of Toll-like receptor 4- stimulated human neutrophils activates osteoclastic bone resorption. Blood 114, 1633-1644 (2009))
10. Hiroshi Takayanagi: Osteoimmunology: shared mechanisms and crosstalk between the immune and bone systems. Nature Rev Immunol 7, 292-304 (2007)) (Pubitemid 46480961)
11. Orit Kollet, Ayelet Dar, Shoham Shivtiel, Alexander Kalinkovich, Kfir Lapid, Yejezkel Sztainberg, Melania Tesio, Robert M Samstein, Polina Goichberg, Asaf Spiegel, Ari Elson, Tsvee Lapidot: Osteoclasts degrade endosteal components and promote mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Nat Med 12, 657-664 (2006)) (Pubitemid 43865234)
12. Laura M Calvi, Gregor B Adams, Kathryn W Weibrecht, Jonathan M Weber, Douglas P Olson, Melissa C Knight, Roderick P Martin, Ernestina Schipani, Paola Divieti, F Richard Bringhurst, Laurie A Milner, Henry M Kronenberg, David T Scadden: Osteoblastic cells regulate the hematopoietic stem cell niche. Nature 425, 841-846 (2003)) (Pubitemid 37351468)
13. Susan K Nillson, Payl J Simmons, Ivan Bartoncello: Hemopoietic stem cell engraftment. Exp Hematol 34, 123-129 (2006)) (Pubitemid 43184316)
14. Sandro Mazzaferro, Marzia Pasquali, Giuliana Pirrò, Silverio Rotondi, Lida Tartaglione: The bone and the kidney. Arch Biochem Biophys 503, 95-102 (2010))
15. Thomas L Nickolas, Mary B Leonard, Elizabeth Shane: Chronic kidney disease and bone fracture: a growing concern. Kidney Int 74, 721-731 (2008))
16. Shiguang Liu, Jianping Zhou, Wen Tang, Xi Jiang, David W Rowe, L Darryl Quarles: Pathogenic role of Fgf23 in Hyp mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 291, E38-E49 (2006)) (Pubitemid 44035308)
17. Mohammed S Razzaque, Despina Sitara, Takashi Taguchi, René St-Arnaud, Beate Lanske: Premature aginglike phenotype in fibroblast growth factor 23 null mice is a vitamin D-mediated process. FASEB J 6, 720-722 (2006)) (Pubitemid 46671193)
18. Hiroshi Kurosu, Makoto Kuro-O: The Klotho gene family as a regulator of endocrine fibroblast growth factors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 299, 72-78 (2009))
19. Xiuying Bai, Dengshun Miao, Jiarong Li, David Goltzman, Andrew C Karaplis: Transgenic mice overexpressing human fibroblast growth factor 23 (R176Q) delineate a putative role for parathyroid hormone in renal phosphate wasting disorders. Endocrinology 145, 5269-5279 (2004)) (Pubitemid 39551149)
20. Tobias Larsson, Ruth Marsell, Ernestina Schipani, Claes Ohlsson, Osten Ljunggren, Harriet S Tenenhouse, Harold Jüppner, Kenneth B Jonsson: Transgenic mice expressing fibroblast growth factor 23 under the control of the α1 (I) collagen promoter exhibit growth retardation, osteomalacia, and disturbed phosphate homeostasis. Endocrinology 145, 3087-3094 (2004)) (Pubitemid 38829975)
21. Ian R Reid, Ruth Ames, Margareth C Evans, Susan J Sharpe, Gregory Gamble, John T France, Tit Meng Lim, Thomas F Cundy: Determinants of total body and regional bone mineral density in normal postmenopausal women - a key role for fat mass. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 75, 45-51 (1992))
22. Claude Ribot, Florence Tremollieres, Jean-Michel Pouilles, Marc Bonneu, Francois Germain, Jean-Pierre Louvet: Obesity and postmenopausal bone loss: the influence of obesity on vertebral density and bone turnover in postmenopausal women. Bone 8, 327-331 (1987))
23. Jillian Cornish, Karen E Callon, Usha Bava, Cindy Lin, Dorit Naot, Bernardine L Hill, Andrew B Grey, Neil Broom, Damian E Myers, Geoffrey C Nicholson, Ian R Reid: Leptin directly regulates bone cell function in vitro and reduces bone fragility in vivo. J Endocrinol 175, 405-415 (2002)) (Pubitemid 35414387)
24. Wayne R Holloway, Fiona M Collier, Cathy J Aitken, Damian E Myers, Jason M Hodge, Mary Malakellis, Tamara J Gough, Gregory R Collier, Geoffrey C Nicholson: Leptin inhibits osteoclast generation. J Bone Miner Res 17, 200-209 (2002)) (Pubitemid 34087652)
25. Patricia Ducy, Michael Amling, Shu Takeda, Matthias Priemel, Arndt F Shilling, Frank T Beil, Jianhe H Shen, Charles Vinson, Johannes M Rueger, Gerard Karsenty: Leptin inhibits bone formation through a hypothalamic relay: a central control of bone mass. Cell 100, 197-207 (2000)) (Pubitemid 30064908)
26. Florent Elefteriou, Jkony Deo Ahn, Shu Takeda, Michael Starbuck, Xiangly Yang, Xiuyun Liu, Hisataka Kondo, William G Richards, Tony W Bannon, Mosaki Noda, Karine Clement, Christian Vaisse, Gerard Karsenty: Leptin regulation of bone resorption by the sympathetic nervous system and CART. Nature 434, 514-520 (2005)) (Pubitemid 40477060)
27. Shu Takeda, Florent Elefteriou, Regis Levasseur, Xiuyun Liu, Liping Zhao, Keith L Parker, Dawna Armstrong, Patricia Ducy, Gerard Karsenty: Leptin regulates bone formation via the sympathetic nervous system. Cell 111, 305-317 (2002)) (Pubitemid 35345151)
28. Yiying Zhang, Ricardo Proenca, Margherita Maffei, Marisa Barone, Lori Leopold, Jeffrey M Friedman: Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature 372, 425-432 (1994)) (Pubitemid 24365442)
29. Vijay K Yadav, Je-Hwang Ryu, Nina Suda, Kenji Tanaka, Jay A Gingrich, Gunther Schütz, Francis H Glorieux, Cherie Y Chiang, Jeffrey D Zajac, Karl L Insogna, J. John Mann, Rene Hen, Patricia Ducy, Gerard Karsenty: Lrp5 controls bone formation by inhibiting serotonin synthesis in the duodenum. Cell 135, 825-837 (2008))
30. Rolan Baron, Georges Rawadi: Minireview: targeting the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway to regulate bone formation in the adult skeleton. Endocrinology 148, 2635-2643 (2007)) (Pubitemid 46984775)
31. Vijay K Yadav, F Oury, Nina Suda, ZW Liu, XB Gao, C Confavreux, KC Klemenhagen, Kenji Tanaka, Jay A Gingrich, X. E Guo, LH Tecott, J John Mann, Rene Hen, TL Horvath, Gerard Karsenty: A serotonin-dependent mechanism explains the leptin regulation of bone mass, appetite, and energy expenditure. Cell 138, 976-989 (2009))
32. Elisabeth M Aarden, A M Wassenaar, M J Alblas, Peter J Nijweide: Immunocytochemical demonstration of extracellular matrix proteins in isolated osteocytes. Histochem Cell Biol 106, 495-501 (1996)) (Pubitemid 26376142)
33. Patricia Ducy, Christelle Desbois, Brendan Boyce, Gerald Pinero, Beryl Story, Colin Dunstan, Erica Smith, Jeffrey Bonadio, Steven Goldstein, Caren Gundberg, Allan Bradley, Gerard Karsenty: Increased bone formation in osteocalcin-deficient mice. Nature 382, 448-452 (1996)) (Pubitemid 26264860)
34. Mathieu Ferron, Eiichi Hinoi, Gerard Karsenty, Patricia Ducy: Osteocalcin differentially regulates β cell and adipocyte gene expression and affects the development of metabolic diseases in wild-type mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105, 5266-5270 (2008)) (Pubitemid 351738545)
35. Keertik Fulzele, Ryan C. Riddle, Douglas J. DiGirolamo, Xuemei Cao, Chao Wan, Dongquan Chen, Marie-Claude Faugere, Susan Aja, Mehboob A. Hussain, Jens C. Brüning, Thomas L. Clemens: Insulin receptor signaling in osteoblasts regulates postnatal bone acquisition and body composition. Cell 142, 309-319 (2010))
36. Gedeon Rodan, T John Martin: Therapeutic approaches to bone diseases. Science 298, 1508-1514 (2000))
37. Agamennon E Grigoriadis, John N Heersche, Jane E Aubin: Differentiation of muscle, fat, cartilage, and bone from progenitor cells present in a bone derived clonal cell population: effect of dexamethasone. J Cell Biol 106, 2139-2151 (1988))
38. Christina N Bennett, Kenneth A Longo, Wendy S Wright, Larry J Suva, Timothy F. Lane, Kurt D Hankenson, Ormond A MacDougald: Regulation of osteoblastogenesis and bone mass by Wnt 10b. Proc Natl Acad Sci. USA 102, 3324-3329 (2005)) (Pubitemid 40328044)
39. Donald G McEwen, Mark Peifer: Wnt signaling: Moving in a new direction. Curr Biol 10, R562-R564 (2000)) (Pubitemid 30647612)
40. Yaoquin Gong, Roger B Slee, Naomi Fukai, Georges Rawadi, Sergio Roman-Roman, Anthony M Reginato, Hongwey Wang, Tim Cundy, Francis H Glorieux, Dorit Lev, Margaret Zacharin, Konrad Oexle, Jose Marcelino, Wofac Suwairi, Shauna Heeger, George Sabatakos, Suneel Apte, William N Adkins, Jeremy Allgrove, Miore Arslan-Kirchner, Jennifer A Batch, Peter Beighton, Graeme C Black, Richard G Boles, Laurence M Boon, Carla Borrone, Han G Brunner, Georges F Carle, Bruno Dallapiccola, Anna De Paepe, Barbara Floege, Melissa Lee Halfhide, Bryan Hall, Roone C Hennekam, Tatsuo Hirose, Ab Jans, Harold Jüppner, Chong Ae Kim, Kim Keppler-Noreuil, Alfred Kohlschuetter, Didier LaCombe, Marie Lambert, Emmanuelle Lemyre, Tom Letteboer, Leena Peltonen, Rajkumar S Ramesar, Marta Romanengo, Hannu Somer, Elisabeth Steichen-Gersdorf, Beat Steinmann, Beth Sullivan, Andrea Superti-Furga, Walter Swoboda, Marie-José van den Boogaard, Wim Van Hul, Mikka Vikkula, Marcela Votruba, Bernhard Zabel, Teresa Garcia, Roland Baron, Bjorn R Olsen, Matthew L Warman: Osteoporosis-Pseudoglioma Syndrome Collaborative Group: LDL receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) affects bone accrual and eye development. Cell 107, 513-523 (2001))
41. Lynn M Boyden, Junhao Mao, Joseph Belsky, Lyle Mitzner, Anita Farhi, Mary A Mitnick, Dianquing Wu, Karl Insogna, Richard P Lifton: High bone density due to a mutation in LDLreceptor-related protein 5. New Engl J Med 346, 1513-1521 (2002)) (Pubitemid 34755690)
42. Liesbeth Van Wesenbeeck, Errea Cleiren, Jeppe Gram, Rodney K Beals, Olivier Bénichou, Domenico Scopelliti, Lyndon Key, Tara Renton, Cindy Bartels, Yaoquin Gong, Matthew L Warman, Marie-Christine De Vernejoul, Jeus Bollerslev, Wim Van Hul: Six novel missense mutations in the LDL receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene in different conditions with increased bone density. Am J Human Genet 72, 763-771 (2003)) (Pubitemid 36255977)
43. David M Kingsley, Adrienne E Bland, Janet M Grubber, Paul C Marker, Liane B Russell, Neal G Copeland, Nancy A Jenkins: The mouse short ear skeletal morphogenesis locus is associated with defects in a bone morphogenetic member of the TGF β superfamily. Cell 71, 399-410 (1992))
44. Younho Han, Yun-Hye Jin, Jinah Yum, Hyung-Min Jeong, Joong-Kook Choi, Chang-Yeol Yeo, Kwang-Youl Lee: Protein kinase A phosphorylates and regulates the osteogenic activity of Dlx5. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 407, 461-465 (2011))
45. Patricia Ducy, Michael Starbuck, Matthias Priemel, Jianhe Shen, Gerald Pinero, Valerie Geoffroy, Michael Amling, Gerard Karsenty: A cbfa1-genetic pathway controls bone formation beyond embryonic development. Genes Dev 13, 1025-1036 (1999)) (Pubitemid 29200985)
46. Brendon Lee, Kannan Thirunavukkarasu, Lei Zhou, Lucio Pastore, Antonio Baldini, Jcqueline Hecht, Valerie Geoffroy, Patricia Ducy, Gerard Karsenty: Missense mutations abolishing DNA binding of the osteoblast-specific transcription factor OSF2/CBFA1 in cleidocranial dysplasia. Nat Genet 16, 307-310 (1997)) (Pubitemid 27280218)
47. Aisse B Celil, Phil G Campbell: BMP-2 and insulinlike growth factor-I mediate Osterix (Osx) expression in human mesenchymal stem cells via the MAPK and protein kinase D signaling pathways. J Biol Chem 280, 31353-31359 (2005)) (Pubitemid 41291875)
48. Yasuhiko Nishio, Yufeng Dong, Mark Paris, Regis J O'Keefe, Edward M Schwarz, Hicham Drissi: Runx2- mediated regulation of the zinc finger Osterix/Sp7 gene. Gene 372, 62-70 (2006))
49. Mi Hye Lee, Tal-Geon Kwon, Hy-Sang Park, John M Wazney, Hyun-Mo Ryoo: BMP-2-induced osterix expression is mediated by Dlx5 but is independent of Runx2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 309, 689-694 (2003)) (Pubitemid 37083307)
50. Lise Sophie H Nissen-Meyer, Rune Jemtland, Vigdis T Gautvik, Mona E Pedersen, Rita Paro, Dario Fortunati, Dominique D Pierroz, Vincent A Stadelmann, Sjur Reppe, Finn P Reinholt, Andrea Del Fattore, Nadia Rucci, Anna Teti, Serge Ferrari, Kaare M. Gautvik: Osteopenia, decreased bone formation and impaired osteoblast development in Sox4 heterozygous mice. J Cell Sci 120, 2785-2795 (2007)) (Pubitemid 47394253)
51. David C Morris, Kensaku Masuhara, Kunio Takaoka, Koichino Ono, H Clarke Anderson: Immunolocalization of alkaline phosphatase in osteoblasts and matrix vesicles of human fetal bone. Bone Miner 19, 287 (1992))
52. H Clarke Anderson: The role of matrix vesicles in physiological and pathological calcification. Curr Opin Orthop 18, 428-433 (2007)) (Pubitemid 47263009)
53. Yuji Yoshiko, G Antonio Candeliere, Norihiko Maeda, Jane E Aubin: Osteoblast autonomous Pi regulation via Pit1 plays a role in bone mineralization. Mol Cell Biol 27, 4465-4474 (2007)) (Pubitemid 46906569)
54. Scott Roberts, Sonoko Narisawa, Dimpna Harmey, José Luis Millán, Colin Farquharson: Functional involvement of PHOSPHO1 in matrix vesicle-mediated skeletal mineralization. J Bone Miner Res 22, 617-627 (2007)) (Pubitemid 47457439)
55. William N Addison, Fereshteh Azari, Esben S Sorensen, Mari T Kaartinen, Marc D McKee: Pyrophosphate inhibits mineralization of osteoblast cultures by binding to mineral, up-regulating osteopontin, and inhibiting alkaline phosphatase activity. J Biol Chem 282, 15872-15883 (2007)) (Pubitemid 47093287)
56. Andrew M Ho, Michelle D Johnson, David M Kingsley: Role of the mouse ank gene in control of tissue calcification and arthritis. Science 289, 265-270 (2000)) (Pubitemid 30469899)
57. Lovisa Hessle, Kristen A Johnson, H Clarke Anderson, Sonoko Narisawa, Adman Sali, James W Goding, Robert Terkeltaub, Josè- Luis Millan: Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase and plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1 are central antagonistic regulators of bone mineralization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99, 9445-9449 (2002)) (Pubitemid 34764633)
58. Florian Barvencik, F Timo Beil, Matthias Gebauer, Bjorn Busse, T Koehne, Sebastian Seitz, Josef Zustin, Pia Pogoda, Thorsten Schinke, Michael Amling: Skeletal mineralization defects in adult hypophosphatasia-a clinical and histological analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2011 (Epub ahead of print).
59. Steven L Teitelbaum: Osteoclasts: what do they do and how do they do it? Am J Pathol 170, 427-435 (2007)) (Pubitemid 47339379)
60. Tamara A Franz-Odendaal, Brian K Hall, P Echard Witten: Buried alive: how osteoblasts become osteocytes. Dev Dyn 235, 176-190 (2006)) (Pubitemid 46939715)
61. Sara L Dallas, Lynda F Bonewald: Dynamics of the transition from osteoblast to osteocyte. Ann NY Acad Sci 1192, 437-443 (2010))
62. Morten A Karsdal, T A Andersen, Lynda Bonewald, Claus Christiansen: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) safeguard osteoblasts from apoptosis during transdifferentiation into osteocytes: MT1-MMP maintains osteocyte viability. DNA Cell Biol 23, 155-165 (2004)) (Pubitemid 38373082)
63. Kenu Holmbeck, Paolo Bianco, Isabelle Pidoux, Seiya Inoue, R Clark Billinghurst, W Wu, Kali Chrysovergis, Susan Yamada, Henning Birkedal-Hansen, A Robin Poole: The metalloproteinase MT1-MMP is required for normal development and maintenance of osteocyte processes in bone. J Cell Sci 118, 147-156 (2005)) (Pubitemid 40277113)
64. Lynda Bonewald: Osteocytes as dinamic multifunctional cells. Ann NY Acad Sci 1116, 281-290 (2007))
65. Brendon S Noble: The osteocyte lineage. Arch Biochem Biophys 473, 106-111 (2008))
66. Rutger L van Bezooijen, Bernard A Roelen, Annemieke Visser, Lianne van der Wee-Pals, Edwin de Wilt, Marcel Karperien, Herman Hamersma, Socrates E Papapoulos, Peter ten Dijke, Clemens W. Löwik: Sclerostin is an osteocyte-expressed negative regulator of bone formation, but not a classical BMP antagonist. J Exp Med 199, 805-814 (2004)) (Pubitemid 38375200)
67. Wendy Balemans, Erna Cleiren, Ulrike Siebers, Jergen Horst, Wim Van Hul: A generalized skeletal hyperostosis in two siblings caused by a novel mutation in the SOST gene. Bone 36, 943-947 (2005)) (Pubitemid 40797994)
68. Irene Westbroek, Karien E De Rooij, Peter J Nijweide: Osteocyte-specific monoclonal antibody MAb OB7.3 is directed against Phex protein. J Bone Miner Res 17, 845-853 (2002)) (Pubitemid 34441901)
69. Lori C Gowen, Donna N Petersen, Amy L Mansolf, Hong Qi, Jeffrey L Stock, George T Tkalcevic, Hollis A Simmons, David T Crawford, Kristen L Chidsey-Frink, Hua Z Ke, John D Mc-Neish, Thomas A Brown: Targeted disruption of the osteoblast/osteocyte factor 45 gene (OF45) results in increased bone formation and bone mass. J Biol Chem 278, 1998-2007 (2003)) (Pubitemid 36801442)
70. Timothy M Skerry, Lucille Bitensky, Jo Chayen, Lance E Lanyon: Early strain-related changes in enzyme activity in osteocytes following bone loading in vivo. J Bone Miner Res 4, 783-788 (1989)) (Pubitemid 19265656)
71. D M Raab-Cullen, Mark A Thiede, Donna N Petersen, Donald B Kimmel, Robert R Recker: Mechanical loading stimulates rapid changes in periosteal gene expression. Calcif Tissue Int 55, 473-478 (1994)) (Pubitemid 24370997)
72. Astrid Bakker, Jenneke Klein-Nulend, Elisabeth Burger: Shear stress inhibits while disuse promotes osteocyte apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 320, 1163-1168 (2004)) (Pubitemid 38916665)
73. Tim M Strom, Harolf Juppner: PHEX, FGF23, DMP1 and beyond. Curr Opin Nephrol Hyperthens 17, 357-362 (2008))
74. Stephen E Harris, Jelica Gluhak-Heinrich, Marie A Harris, Wuchen Yang, Lynda F Bonewald, Daniel Riha, Peter S Rowe, Alexander G Robling, Charles H Turner, Junsheng Q Feng, Marc D McKee, D Nicollela: DMP1 and MEPE expression are elevated in osteocytes after mechanical loading in vivo: theoretical role in controlling mineral quality in the perilacunar matrix. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 7, 313-315 (2007))
75. Alberta Zallone, Anna Teti, B Nico, Maria Vittoria Primavera: Osteoplastic activity of mature osteocytes evaluated by 3H-proline incorporation. Bas Appl Histochem 26, 57-65 (1982))
76. Burkhardt Krempien, Cristoph Manegold, Ebherard Ritz, Jurgen Bommer: The influence of immobilization on osteocyte morphology: osteocyte differential count and electron microscopical studies. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histol 370, 55-68 (1976))
77. Jason Bernard, Pierre J Meunier: Morphometric analysis of periosteocytic osteolysis: its application to the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism. Ann Anat Pathol (Paris) 20, 367-380 (1975))
78. Ermanno Bonucci, G Gherardi: Osteocyte ultrastructure in renal osteodystrophy. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histol 373, 213-231 (1977)) (Pubitemid 8071036)
79. Ermanno Bonucci: Physiopathology of cancer metastases in bone and of the change they induce in bone remodeling. Rend Fis Accad Lincei 13, 181-246 (2002))
80. Kohei Tazawa, Kazuto Hoshi, Shinikiro Kawamoto, Mikoko Tanaka, Sadakazu Ejiri, Hidehiro Ozawa: Osteocytic osteolysis observed in rats to which parathyroid hormone was continuously administered. J Bone Miner Metab 22, 524-529 (2004)) (Pubitemid 39517871)
81. Sandy C Marks, David G Walker: The hematogenous origin of osteoclasts: experimental evidence from osteopetrotic (microphthalmic) mice treated with spleen cells from beige mouse donors. Am J Anat 161, 1-10 (1981)) (Pubitemid 11104658)
82. Frank P van de Wijngaert, M C Tas, Elizabeth H Burger: Conditioned medium of fetal mouse long bone rudiments stimulates the formation of osteoclast precursorlike cells from mouse bone marrow. Bone 10, 61-68 (1989)) (Pubitemid 19134746)
83. Mehrdad M Tondravi, Scott R McKercher, Kristen Anderson, Jeanne M Erdmann, Marisol Quiroz, Robert Maki, Steven L Teitelbaum: Osteopetrosis in mice lacking haematopoietic transcription factor PU.1. Nature 386, 81-84 (1997)) (Pubitemid 27130924)
84. Oh Hyung Kwon, Chong-Kil Lee, Young Ik Lee, Sangi-G Paik, Hyun-Jun Lee: The hematopoietic transcription factor PU.1 regulates RANK gene expression in myeloid progenitors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 335, 437-446 (2005)) (Pubitemid 41140242)
85. Ssu-Y Lu, Mengtao Li, Yi-Ling Lin: Mitf induction by RANKL is critical for osteoclastogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 21, 1763-1771 (2010))
86. Rong Hu, Sudarshana M Sharma, Agnieszka Bronisz, Ruchika Srinivasan, Uma Sankar, Michaek C Ostrowski: Eos, MITF, and PU.1 recruit corepressors to osteoclastspecific genes in committed myeloid progenitors. Mol Cell Biol 27, 4018-4027 (2007)) (Pubitemid 47010999)
87. G David Roodman: Advances in bone biology: the osteoclast. Endocr Rev 17, 308-332 (1996)) (Pubitemid 26277978)
88. Min-Young Youn, Ichiro Takada, Yuuki Imai, Hisataka Yasuda, Shigeaki Kato: Transcriptionally active nuclei are selective in mature multinucleated osteoclast. Genes Cells 15, 1025-1035 (2010))
89. Patrice Boissy, Frederic Saltel, Christine Bouniol, Pierre Jurdic, Irma Machuca-Gayet: Transcriptional activity of nuclei in multinucleated osteoclasts and its modulation by calcitonin. Endocrinology 143, 1913-1921 (2002)) (Pubitemid 34415907)
90. Laura H Saltman, Amjad Javed, John Ribadeneyra, Sadiq Hussain, Daniel W Young, Philip Osdoby, Alla Amcheslavsky, Andra J van Wijnen, Janet L Stein, Gary S Stein, Jane B Lian, Zvi Bar-Shavit: Organization of transcriptional regulatory machinery in osteoclast nuclei: compartmentalization of Runx1. J Cell Physiol 204, 871-880 (2005)) (Pubitemid 41099272)
91. Naoyuki Takahashi, Sadakazu Ejiri, Shigeru Yanagisawa, Hidehiro Ozawa: Regulation of osteoclast polarization. Odontology 95, 1-9 (2007))
92. Gudrun Stenbeck: Formation and function of the ruffled border in osteoclasts. Sem Cell Dev Biol 13, 285-292 (2002)) (Pubitemid 35304514)
93. Stephen A Nesbitt, Michael A Horton: Trafficking of matrix collagens through bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Science 276, 266-269 (1997)) (Pubitemid 27172687)
94. Barbara Peruzzi, Anna Teti: The physiology and pathophysiology of the osteoclast. Clinic Rev Bone Miner Metab. In press (2011))
95. Gedeon A Rodan, T John Martin: Role of osteoblasts in hormonal control of bone resorption - a hypothesis. Calcif Tissue Int 33, 349-351 (1981)) (Pubitemid 12249943)
96. Hiroki Yoshida, Shinya Hayashi, Takahiro Kunisada, Makio Ogawa, Sandi Nishikawa, Hiroshi Okamura, Tetsuo Sudo, Leonard D Shultz: The murine mutation osteopetrosis is in the coding region of the macrophage colony stimulating factor gene. Nature 345, 442-444 (1990)) (Pubitemid 120014957)
97. David L Lacey, Emma Timms, Hong L Tan, Michael J Kelley, Colin R Dunstan, Teresa L Burgess, Robin Elliott, Anne Colombero, Gary Elliott, Sheila Scully, Hailing Hsu, Jennifer Sullivan, Nessa Hawkins, Elyse Davy, Casey Capparelli, A. Eli, Yi-xin Qian, Stephen Kaufman, Ildiko Sarosi, Victoria Shalhoub, Giorgio Senaldi, Jane Guo, John Delaney, William J Boyle: Osteoprotegerin ligand is a cytokine that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activation. Cell 93, 165-176 (1998)) (Pubitemid 28180851)
98. Atsuhiko Hikita, Ikuo Yana, Hidetoshi Wakeyama, Masaki Nakamura, Yuho Kadono, Yasushi Oshima, Kozo Nakamura, Motoharu Seiki, Sakae Tanaka: Negative regulation of osteoclastogenesis by ectodomain shedding of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand. J Biol Chem 281, 36846-36855 (2006)) (Pubitemid 46049798)
99. Aaron L Sabbota, Hyeong-Reh Choi Kim, Xiaoning Zhe, Rafael Fridman, R Daniel Bonfil, Michael L Cher: Shedding of RANKL by tumor-associated MT1-MMP activates Src-dependent prostate cancer cell migration. Cancer Res 70, 5558-5566 (2010))
100. Johannes Pfeilschifter, Sharyn M D'Souza, Gregory R Mundy: Effects of transforming growth factor-beta on osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells. Endocrinology 121, 212-218 (1987)) (Pubitemid 17089281)
101. Andrea Del Fattore, Rachele Fornari, Liesbeth Van Wesenbeeck, Fenna de Freitas, Jean-Pierre Timmermans, Barbara Peruzzi, Alfredo Cappariello, Nadia Rucci, Giovanni Spera, Miep H. Helfrich, Wim Van Hul, Silvia Migliaccio, Anna Teti: A new heterozygous mutation (R714C) of the osteopetrosis gene, pleckstrin homolog domain containing family M (with run domain) member 1 (PLEKHM1), impairs vesicular acidification and increases TRACP secretion in osteoclasts. J Bone Miner Res 23, 380-391 (2008)) (Pubitemid 351304668)
102. Kazuishi Kubota, Chisa Sakikawa, Mutsumi Katsumata, Tachemiki Nakamura, Kenji Wakabayashi: Platelet-derived growth factor BB secreted from osteoclasts acts as an osteoblastogenesis inhibitory factor. J Bone Miner Res 17, 257-265 (2002)) (Pubitemid 34087658)
103. Maria Grano, Francesco Galimi, Giovanni Zambonin, S. Colucci, Erika Cottone, Alberta Z. Zallone, Paolo M Comoglio: Hepatocyte growth factor is a coupling factor for osteoclasts and osteoblasts in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93, 7644-7648 (1996)) (Pubitemid 26277090)
104. Koichi Matsuo, Naoko Irie: Osteoclast-osteoblast communication. Arch Biochem Biophys 473, 201-209 (2008))
105. Nicola Z Angel, Nicole Walsh, Mark R Forwood, Michael C Ostrowski, A Ian Cassady, David A Hume: Transgenic mice overexpressing tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase exhibit an increased rate of bone turnover. J Bone Miner Res 15, 103-110 (2000)) (Pubitemid 30026937)
106. Karen Marshall, Kevin Nash, George Haussman, Ian Cassady, David Hume, John de Jersey, Susan Hamilton: Recombinant human and mouse purple acid phosphatases: expression and characterization. Arch Biochem Biophys 345, 230-236 (1997)) (Pubitemid 27400615)
107. Satoshi Shimegi: Mitogenic action of adenosine on osteoblast-like cells, MC3T3-E1. Calcif Tissue Int 62, 418-425 (1998)) (Pubitemid 28180838)
108. Tracy A Briggs, Gilian I Rice, Sarah Daly, Jill Urquhart, Hannah Gornall, Brigitte Bader-Meunier, Kannan Baskar, Shankar Baskar, Veronique Baudouin, Michael W Beresford, Graeme C M Black, Rebecca J Dearman, Francis de Zegher, Emily S Foster, Camille Francès, Alison R Hayman, Emma Hilton, Chantal Job-Deslandre, Muralidhar L Kulkarni, Martine Le Merrer, Agnes Linglart, Simon C Lovell, Kathrin Maurer, Lucille Musset, Vincent Navarro, Capucine Picard, Anne Puel, Frederic Rieux-Laucat, Chaim M Roifman, Sabine Scholl-Burgi, Nigel Smith, Marcin Szynkiewicz, Alice Wiedeman, Carine Wouters, Leo A H Zeef, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Keith B Elkon, Anthony Janckila, Pierre Lebon, Yanick J Crow: Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase deficiency causes a bone dysplasia with autoimmunity and a type I interferon expression signature. Nature Gen 43, 127-132 (2011))
109. Ekkehart Lausch, Andreas Janecke, Matthias Bros, Stefanie Trojandt, Yasemin Alanay, Corinne De Laet, Christian A Hübner, Peter Meinecke, Gen Nishimura, Mari Matsuo, Yoshiko Hirano, Sylvie Tenoutasse, Andrea Kiss, Rafael F Rosa, Sharon L Unger, Raffaele Renella, Luisa Bonafé, Jurgen Spranger, Sheila Unger, Bernhard Zabel, Andrea Superti-Furga: Genetic deficiency of tartrateresistant acid phosphatase associated with skeletal dysplasia, cerebral calcifications and autoimmunity. Nat Genet 43, 132-137 (2011))
110. Hisamaru Hirai, Yoshiro Maru, Koichi Hagiwara, Junji Nishida, Fumimaro Takaku: A novel putative tyrosine kinase receptor encoded by the eph gene. Science 238, 1717-1720 (1987)) (Pubitemid 18046274)
111. Klas Kullander, Rudiger Klein: Mechanisms and functions of eph and ephrin signalling. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3, 475-486 (2002)) (Pubitemid 34733429)
112. Amelia Compagni, Malcolm Logan, Rudiger Klein, Ralf H Adams: Control of skeletal patterning by ephrinB1- EphB interactions. Dev Cell 5, 217-230 (2003)) (Pubitemid 37006467)
113. Stephen R F Twigg, Rui Kan, Christian Babbs, Elena G Bochukova, Stephen P Robertson, Steven A Wall, Gillian M Morriss-Kay, Andrew O Wilkie: Mutations of ephrin-b1 (efnb1), a marker of tissue boundary formation, cause craniofrontonasal syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101, 8652-8657 (2004)) (Pubitemid 38745826)
114. Chen Zhao, Naoko Iried, Yasunari Takada, Kouji Shimoda, Takeshi Miyamoto, Toru Nishiwaki, Toshio Suda, Koichi Matsuo: Bidirectional ephrinb2-ephb4 signaling controls bone homeostasis. Cell Metab 4, 111-121 (2006)) (Pubitemid 44138718)
115. Shun-ichi Harada, Gedeon A Rodan: Control of osteoblast function and regulation of bone mass. Nature 423, 349-355 (2003)) (Pubitemid 40852710)
116. Xin Li, Ling Qin, Marika Bergenstock, Laura M Bevelock, Debora V Novack, Nicola C Partridge: Parathyroid hormone stimulates osteoblastic expression of MCP-1 to recruit and increase the fusion of pre/osteoclasts. J Biol Chem 282, 33098-33106 (2007)) (Pubitemid 350159306)
117. B Lawrence Riggs, Sundeep Khosla, L Joseph Melton III: A unitary model for involutional osteoporosis: estrogen deficiency causes both type I and type II osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and contributes to bone loss in aging men. J Bone Miner Res 13, 763-773 (1998)) (Pubitemid 28224192)
118. Lianping Xing, Brendan F Boyce: Regulation of apoptosis in osteoclasts and osteoblastic cells. Biochem. Biophys Res Commun 328, 709-720 (2005)) (Pubitemid 40208308)
119. Nirupama K Shevde, Amy C Bendixen, Krista M Dienger, J Wesley Pike: Estrogens suppress rank ligandinduced osteoclast differentiation via a stromal cell independent mechanism involving c-jun repression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97, 7829-7834 (2000)) (Pubitemid 30460733)
120. Lorenz C Hofbauer, Sundeep Khosla, Colin R Dunstain, David L Lacey, Thomas C Spelsberg, B Lawrence Riggs: Estrogen stimulates gene expression and protein production of osteoprotegerin in human osteoblastic cells. Endocrinology 140, 4367-4370 (1999)) (Pubitemid 30647136)
121. Cindy Kok, Philip N Sambrook: Secondary osteoporosis in patients with an osteoporotic fracture. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 23, 769-779 (2009))
122. Robert R McLean: Proinflammatory cytokines and osteoporosis. Curr Osteoporos Rep 7, 134-139 (2009))
123. Matthew J Silva: Biomechanics of osteoporotic fractures. Injury 38, S69-S76 (2007))
124. G David Roodman: Mechanisms of Bone Metastasis. New Eng J Med 350, 1655-1664 (2004))
125. Robert E Coleman: Clinical features of metastatic bone disease and risk of skeletal morbidity. Clin Cancer Res 12, 6243s-6249s (2006) (Pubitemid 44703797)
126. Bae Klun Park, Honglai Zhang, Qinghua Zeng, Jineu Dai, Evan T Keller, Thomas Giordano, Keni Gu, Veena Shah, Lei Pei, Richard J Zarbo, Laurie McCauley, Songtao Shi, Shadiong Chen, Chun-Yu Wang: NF-κB in breast cancer cells promotes osteolytic bone metastasis by inducing osteoclastogenesis via GM-CSF. Nat Med 13, 62-69 (2007)) (Pubitemid 46067387)