My patient is thrombocytopenic! is (s)he? why? and what shall i do?: A practical approach to thrombocytopenia

Hamostaseologie

Volumn 33, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 83-94

  Alberio, L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Thrombocytopenia

Indexed keywords

DESMOPRESSIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; RECOMBINANT BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 7A; TRANEXAMIC ACID;

ANKRD26 RELATED THROMBOCYTOPENIA; ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY; ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME; APPARENT LIFE THREATENING EVENT; ARTICLE; ARTIFACT; AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT DISORDER; AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE DISORDER; BERNARD SOULIER DISEASE; BLEEDING; CELLS; CRITICALLY ILL PATIENT; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR CLOTTING; ERYTHROCYTE; GRAY PLATELET SYNDROME; HELICOBACTER INFECTION; HEPARIN INDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIA; HUMAN; IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA; LABORATORY TEST; LEUKOCYTE; MEDICAL INFORMATION; MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN 9 RELATED DISEASE; NEONATAL ALLOIMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIA; NEONATAL THROMBOCYTOPENIA; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS; THROMBOCYTE COUNT; THROMBOCYTE DISORDER; THROMBOCYTE TRANSFUSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; THROMBOSIS; WISKOTT ALDRICH SYNDROME; X LINKED THROMBOCYTOPENIA;

ALGORITHMS; ANTIFIBRINOLYTIC AGENTS; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENTS; HUMANS; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PLATELET TRANSFUSION; THROMBOCYTOPENIA;

EID: 84881496927     PISSN: 07209355     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5482/HAMO-13-01-0003     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. Sekhon SS, Roy V. Thrombocytopenia in adults: A practical approach to evaluation and management. South Med J 2006; 99: 491-498.
2. Arnold DM, Lim W. A rational approach to the diagnosis and management of thrombocytopenia in the hospitalized patient. Semin Hematol 2011; 48: 251-258.
3. Wong EY, Rose MG. Why does my patient have thrombocytopenia? Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2012; 26: 231-252.
4. Stasi R. How to approach thrombocytopenia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2012; 2012: 191-197.
5. Kaito K, Otsubo H, Usui N et al. Platelet size deviation width, platelet large cell ratio, and mean platelet volume have sufficient sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenia. Br J Haematol 2005; 128: 698-702.
6. Ladhani S, Khatri P, El-Bashir H, Shingadia D. Imported malaria is a major cause of thrombocytopenia in children presenting to the emergency department in east London. Br J Haematol 2005; 129: 707-709.
7. Lobo CA, Rodriguez M, Cursino-Santos JR. Babesia and red cell invasion. Curr Opin Hematol 2012; 19: 170-175.
8. Alberio L, Lämmle B. Images in clinical medicine. Capnocytophaga canimorsus sepsis. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 1827.
9. Ismail N, Bloch KC, McBride JW. Human ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis. Clin Lab Med 2010; 30: 261-292.
10. Greinacher A, Selleng K. Thrombocytopenia in the intensive care unit patient. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2010; 2010: 135-143.
11. Leslie SD, Toy PT. Laboratory hemostatic abnormalities in massively transfused patients given red blood cells and crystalloid. Am J Clin Pathol 1991; 96: 770-773.
12. Lubenow N, Kempf R, Eichner A et al. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: temporal pattern of thrombocytopenia in relation to initial use or reexposure to heparin. Chest 2002; 122: 37-42.
13. Warkentin TE, Kelton JG. Delayed-onset heparininduced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. Ann Intern Med 2001; 135: 502-506.
14. Rice L, Attisha WK, Drexler A, Francis JL. Delayed- onset heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Ann Intern Med 2002; 136: 210-215.
15. Llevadot J, Coulter SA, Giugliano RP. A practical approach to the diagnosis and management of thrombocytopenia associated with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2000; 9: 175-180.
16. Nurden P, Clofent-Sanchez G, Jais C et al. Delayed immunologic thrombocytopenia induced by abciximab. Thromb Haemost 2004; 92: 820-828.
17. Lubenow N, Eichler P, Albrecht D et al. Very low platelet counts in post-transfusion purpura falsely diagnosed as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Report of four cases and review of literature. Thromb Res 2000; 100: 115-125.
18. Cowan DH. Effect of alcoholism on hemostasis. Semin Hematol 1980; 17: 137-147.
19. Wattal C, Goel N. Infectious disease emergencies in returning travelers: special reference to malaria, dengue fever, and chikungunya. Med Clin North Am 2012; 96: 1225-1255.
20. Brouqui P, Parola P, Fournier PE, Raoult D. Spotted fever rickettsioses in southern and eastern Europe. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2007; 49: 2-12.
21. Achterbergh R, Vermeer HJ, Curtis BR et al. Thrombocytopenia in a nutshell. Lancet 2012; 379: 776.
22. Brasic JR. Quinine-induced thrombocytopenia in a 64-year-old man who consumed tonic water to relieve nocturnal leg cramps. Mayo Clin Proc 2001; 76: 863-864.
23. Neylon AJ, Saunders PW, Howard MR et al. Clinically significant newly presenting autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura in adults: a prospective study of a population-based cohort of 245 patients. Br J Haematol 2003; 122: 966-974.
24. Caffrey EA, Sladen GE, Isaacs PE, Clark KG. Thrombocytopenia caused by cow's milk. Lancet 1981; 2: 316.
25. Davies JK, Ahktar N, Ranasinge E. A juicy problem. Lancet 2001; 358: 2126.
26. Royer DJ, George JN, Terrell DR. Thrombocytopenia as an adverse effect of complementary and alternative medicines, herbal remedies, nutritional supplements, foods, and beverages. Eur J Haematol 2010; 84: 421-429.
27. Al-Nouri ZL, George JN. Drug-induced thrombocytopenia: an updated systematic review, 2012. Drug Saf 2012; 35: 693-694.
28. Diggs LW. Diagnosis of hemorrhagic diseases; evaluation of procedures. I. Calif Med 1957; 87: 361-364.
29. Girolami A, Luzzatto G, Varvarikis C et al. Main clinical manifestations of a bleeding diathesis: an often disregarded aspect of medical and surgical history taking. Haemophilia 2005; 11: 193-202.
30. Nellen V, Sulzer I, Barizzi G et al. Rapid exclusion or confirmation of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: a single-center experience with 1,291 patients. Haematologica 2012; 97: 89-97.
31. Sachs UJ, Kroll H, Matzdorff AC et al. Bernard- Soulier syndrome due to the homozygous Asn- 45Ser mutation in GPIX: an unexpected, frequent finding in Germany. Br J Haematol 2003; 123: 127-131.
32. Gohda F, Uchiumi H, Handa H et al. Identification of inherited macrothrombocytopenias based on mean platelet volume among patients diagnosed with idiopathic thrombocytopenia. Thromb Res 2007; 119: 741-746.
33. Noris P, Klersy C, Zecca M et al. Platelet size distinguishes between inherited macrothrombo - cytopenias and immune thrombocytopenia. J Thromb Haemost 2009; 7: 2131-2136.
34. Hui P, Cook DJ, Lim W et al. The frequency and clinical significance of thrombocytopenia complicating critical illness: a systematic review. Chest 2011; 139: 271-278.
35. Parker RI. Etiology and significance of thrombocytopenia in critically ill patients. Crit Care Clin 2012; 28: 399-411, vi.
36. Priziola JL, Smythe MA, Dager WE. Drug-induced thrombocytopenia in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 2010; 38: S145-154.
37. Myers B. Diagnosis and management of maternal thrombocytopenia in pregnancy. Br J Haematol 2012; 158: 3-15.
38. Provan D, Stasi R, Newland AC et al. International consensus report on the investigation and management of primary immune thrombocytopenia. Blood 2010; 115: 168-186.
39. Chakravorty S, Roberts I. How I manage neonatal thrombocytopenia. Br J Haematol 2012; 156: 155-162.
40. Roberts I, Murray NA. Neonatal thrombocytopenia. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2008; 13: 256-264.
41. Risson DC, Davies MW, Williams BA. Review of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. J Paediatr Child Health 2012; 48: 816-822.
42. Koyama S, Tomimatsu T, Kanagawa T et al. Reliable predictors of neonatal immune thrombo - cytopenia in pregnant women with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am J Hematol 2012; 87: 15-21.
43. Valat AS, Caulier MT, Devos P et al. Relationships between severe neonatal thrombocytopenia and maternal characteristics in pregnancies associated with autoimmune thrombocytopenia. Br J Haematol 1998; 103: 397-401.
44. Balduini CL, Pecci A, Noris P. Inherited thrombocytopenias: the evolving spectrum. Hämostaseologie 2012; 32: 259-270.
45. Lanza F. Bernard-Soulier syndrome (hemorrhagiparous thrombocytic dystrophy). Orphanet J Rare Dis 2006; 1: 46.
46. Peitsidis P, Datta T, Pafilis I et al. Bernard Soulier syndrome in pregnancy: a systematic review. Haemophilia 2010; 16: 584-591.
47. Nurden P, Nurden AT. Congenital disorders associated with platelet dysfunctions. Thromb Haemost 2008; 99: 253-263.
48. Balduini CL, Cattaneo M, Fabris F et al. Inherited thrombocytopenias: a proposed diagnostic algorithm from the Italian Gruppo di Studio delle Piastrine. Haematologica 2003; 88: 582-592.
49. Noris P, Pecci A, Di Bari F et al. Application of a diagnostic algorithm for inherited thrombocytopenias to 46 consecutive patients. Haematologica 2004; 89: 1219-1225.
50. Balduini CL, Savoia A. Genetics of familial forms of thrombocytopenia. Hum Genet 2012; 131: 1821-1832.
51. Taylor FB Jr, Toh CH, Hoots WK et al. Towards definition, clinical and laboratory criteria, and a scoring system for disseminated intravascular coagulation. Thromb Haemost 2001; 86: 1327-1330.
52. Arnold DM, Kukaswadia S, Nazi I et al. A systematic evaluation of laboratory testing for drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia. J Thromb Haemost 2012.
53. Bougie DW, Wilker PR, Wuitschick ED et al. Acute thrombocytopenia after treatment with tirofiban or eptifibatide is associated with antibodies specific for ligand-occupied GPIIb/IIIa. Blood 2002; 100: 2071-2076.
54. Burch M, Cooper B. Fondaparinux-associated heparin- induced thrombocytopenia. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2012; 25: 13-15.
55. Linkins LA, Dans AL, Moores LK et al. Treatment and prevention of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 2012; 141: e495S-530S.
56. Neunert C, Lim W, Crowther M et al. The American Society of Hematology 2011 evidence-based practice guideline for immune thrombocytopenia. Blood 2011; 117: 4190-4207.
57. Waters AH. Post-transfusion purpura. Blood Rev 1989; 3: 83-87.
58. Becker T, Panzer S, Maas D et al. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin for post-transfusion purpura. Br J Haematol 1985; 61: 149-155.
59. Ballem PJ, Buskard NA, Decary F, Doubroff P. Post-transfusion purpura secondary to passive transfer of anti-P1A1 by blood transfusion. Br J Haematol 1987; 66: 113-114.
60. Warkentin TE, Smith JW, Hayward CP et al. Thrombocytopenia caused by passive transfusion of anti-glycoprotein Ia/IIa alloantibody (anti- HPA-5b). Blood 1992; 79: 2480-2484.
61. Casonato A, Bertomoro A, Pontara E et al. EDTA dependent pseudothrombocytopenia caused by antibodies against the cytoadhesive receptor of platelet gpIIB-IIIA. J Clin Pathol 1994; 47: 625-630.
62. Silvestri F, Virgolini L, Savignano C et al. Incidence and diagnosis of EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia in a consecutive outpatient population referred for isolated thrombocytopenia. Vox Sang 1995; 68: 35-39.
63. McCormack PL. Tranexamic acid: a review of its use in the treatment of hyperfibrinolysis. Drugs 2012; 72: 585-617.
64. Cap AP, Baer DG, Orman JA et al. Tranexamic acid for trauma patients: a critical review of the literature. J Trauma 2011; 71: S9-14.
65. Panes O, Padilla O, Matus V et al. Clot lysis time in platelet-rich plasma: method assessment, comparison with assays in platelet-free and plateletpoor plasmas, and response to tranexamic acid. Platelets 2012; 23: 36-44.
66. Lishko VK, Yermolenko IS, Ugarova TP. Plasminogen on the surfaces of fibrin clots prevents adhesion of leukocytes and platelets. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8: 799-807.
67. Seto AH, Dunlap DS. Tranexamic acid in oncology. Ann Pharmacother 1996; 30: 868-870.
68. Bates JS, Buie LW, Woodis CB. Management of menorrhagia associated with chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia in women with hematologic malignancy. Pharmacotherapy 2011; 31: 1092-1110.
69. Lethaby A, Farquhar C, Cooke I. Antifibrinolytics for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000: CD000249.
70. Blavignac J, Bunimov N, Rivard GE, Hayward CP. Quebec platelet disorder. Semin Thromb Hemost 2011; 37: 713-720.
71. Sabba C, Pasculli G, Cirulli A et al. Rendu-Osler- Weber disease: experience with 56 patients. Ann Ital Med Int 2002; 17: 173-179.
72. Coppola A, Di Minno G. Desmopressin in inherited disorders of platelet function. Haemophilia 2008; 14 Suppl 1: 31-39.
73. Poon MC. Clinical use of recombinant human activated factor VII (rFVIIa) in the prevention and treatment of bleeding episodes in patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2007; 3: 655-664.
74. Franchini M, Lippi G, Guidi GC. The use of recombinant activated factor VII in platelet-associated bleeding. Hematology 2008; 13: 41-45.
75. Schmid P, Mordasini A, Luginbühl M et al. Lowdose recombinant factor VIIa for massive bleeding. Swiss Med Wkly 2011; 141: w13213.
76. Levi M, Levy JH, Andersen HF, Truloff D. Safety of recombinant activated factor VII in randomized clinical trials. N Engl J Med 2010; 363: 1791-1800.
77. Schiffer CA, Anderson KC, Bennett CL et al. Platelet transfusion for patients with cancer: clinical practice guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19: 1519-1538.
78. Gmür J, Burger J, Schanz U et al. Safety of stringent prophylactic platelet transfusion policy for patients with acute leukaemia. Lancet 1991; 338: 1223-1226.
79. McHutchison JG, Dusheiko G, Shiffman ML et al. Eltrombopag for thrombocytopenia in patients with cirrhosis associated with hepatitis C. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 2227-2236.
80. Kroll MH, Afshar-Kharghan V. Platelets in pulmonary vascular physiology and pathology. Pulm Circ 2012; 2: 291-308.
81. Patzelt J, Langer HF. Platelets in angiogenesis. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2012; 10: 570-577.
82. Li C, Li J, Li Y et al. Crosstalk between Platelets and the Immune System: Old Systems with New Discoveries. Adv Hematol 2012; 2012: 384685.
83. Flaujac C, Boukour S, Cramer-Borde E. Platelets and viruses: an ambivalent relationship. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67: 545-556.