Rapid exclusion or confirmation of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: A single-center experience with 1,291 patients

Haematologica

Volumn 97, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 89-97

  Nellen, Vanessa ^a   Sulzer, Irmela ^a   Barizzi, Gabriela ^a   Lämmle, Bernhard ^a   Alberio, Lorenzo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Bayes' theorem; Diagnosis; Heparin induced thrombocytopenia; Likelihood ratio; Predictive value; Quantitative immunoassay

Indexed keywords

HEPARIN; THROMBOCYTE ANTIBODY;

ADULT; AGED; ANTIBODY TITER; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC TEST ACCURACY STUDY; FEMALE; HEPARIN INDUCED PLATELET AGGREGATION TEST; HEPARIN INDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIA; HUMAN; IMMUNOASSAY; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OPTICAL DENSITY; PREDICTION; PREDICTIVE VALUE; RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC; THROMBOCYTE AGGREGATION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANTIBODIES, NEUTRALIZING; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; HEPARIN; HUMANS; IMMUNOASSAY; INFANT; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PLATELET AGGREGATION; PLATELET FACTOR 4; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84855229503     PISSN: 03906078     EISSN: 15928721     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2011.048074     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Keeling D, Davidson S, Watson H. The management of heparin-induced thrombo-cytopenia. Br J Haematol. 2006;133(3):259-69.
2. Warkentin TE, Greinacher A, Koster A, Lincoff AM. Treatment and prevention of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest. 2008;133(6 Suppl):340S-80S.
3. Chilver-Stainer L, Lämmle B, Alberio L. Titre of anti-heparin/PF4-antibodies and extent of in vivo activation of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. Thromb Haemost. 2004;91(2):276-82.
4. Warkentin TE, Heddle NM. Laboratory diagnosis of immune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Curr Hematol Rep. 2003;2(2):148-57.
5. Warkentin TE. Heparin-induced thrombo-cytopenia: pathogenesis and management. Br J Haematol. 2003;121(4):535-55.
6. Crowther MA, Cook DJ, Albert M, Williamson D, Meade M, Granton J, et al. The 4Ts scoring system for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in medical-surgical intensive care unit patients. J Crit Care. 2010;25(2):287-93.
7. Greinacher A. Heparin-induced thrombo-cytopenia. J Thromb Haemost. 2009;7 (Suppl 1):9-12.
8. Lo GK, Juhl D, Warkentin TE, Sigouin CS, Eichler P, Greinacher A. Evaluation of pretest clinical score (4 T's) for the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in two clinical settings. J Thromb Haemost. 2006;4(4):759-65.
9. Pouplard C, Gueret P, Fouassier M, Ternisien C, Trossaert M, Regina S, et al. Prospective evaluation of the '4Ts' score and particle gel immunoassay specific to heparin/PF4 for the diagnosis of heparininduced thrombocytopenia. J Thromb Haemost. 2007;5(7):1373-9.
10. Denys B, Stove V, Philippe J, Devreese K. A clinical-laboratory approach contributing to a rapid and reliable diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Thromb Res. 2008;123(1):137-45.
11. Bryant A, Low J, Austin S, Joseph JE. Timely diagnosis and management of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in a frequent request, low incidence single centre using clinical 4T's score and particle gel immunoassay. Br J Haematol. 2008;143 (5):721-6.
12. Bakchoul T, Giptner A, Najaoui A, Bein G, Santoso S, Sachs UJ. Prospective evaluation of PF4/heparin immunoassays for the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytope-nia. J Thromb Haemost. 2009;7(8):1260-5.
13. Wallis DE, Workman DL, Lewis BE, Steen L, Pifarre R, Moran JF. Failure of early heparin cessation as treatment for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Am J Med. 1999;106(6):629-35.
14. Lewis BE, Wallis DE, Berkowitz SD, Matthai WH, Fareed J, Walenga JM, et al. Argatroban anticoagulant therapy in patients with heparin-induced thrombocy-topenia. Circulation. 2001;103(14):1838-43.
15. Lubenow N, Eichler P, Lietz T, Greinacher A. Lepirudin in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia - results of the third prospective study (HAT-3) and a combined analysis of HAT-1, HAT-2, and HAT-3. J Thromb Haemost. 2005;3(11):2428-36.
16. Alberio L. Heparin-induced thrombocy-topenia: some working hypotheses on pathogenesis, diagnostic strategies and treatment. Curr Opin Hematol. 2008;15(5): 456-64.
17. Otis SA, Zehnder JL. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: current status and diagnostic challenges. Am J Hematol. 2010;85 (9):700-6.
18. Amiral J, Bridey F, Dreyfus M, Vissoc AM, Fressinaud E, Wolf M, et al. Platelet factor 4 complexed to heparin is the target for antibodies generated in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Thromb Haemost. 1992;68(1):95-6.
19. Visentin GP, Moghaddam M, Beery SE, McFarland JG, Aster RH. Heparin is not required for detection of antibodies associated with heparin-induced thrombocy-topenia/thrombosis. J Lab Clin Med. 2001;138(1):22-31.
20. Meyer O, Salama A, Pittet N, Schwind P. Rapid detection of heparin-induced platelet antibodies with particle gel immunoassay (ID-HPF4). Lancet. 1999;354(9189):1525-6.
21. Tschudi M, Lämmle B, Alberio L. Dosing lepirudin in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and normal or impaired renal function: a single-center experience with 68 patients. Blood. 2009;113(11): 2402-9.
22. Alberio L, Kimmerle S, Baumann A, Taleghani BM, Biasiutti FD, Lämmle B. Rapid determination of anti-heparin/platelet factor 4 antibody titers in the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombo-cytopenia. Am J Med. 2003;114(7):528-36.
23. Schneiter S, Colucci G, Sulzer I, Barizzi G, Lämmle B, Alberio L. Variability of anti-PF4/heparin antibody results obtained by the rapid testing system ID-H/PF4-PaGIA. J Thromb Haemost. 2009;7(10):1649-55.
24. Stricker H, Lämmle B, Furlan M, Sulzer I. Heparin-dependent in vitro aggregation of normal platelets by plasma of a patient with heparin-induced skin necrosis: specific diagnostic test for a rare side effect. Am J Med. 1988;85(5):721-4.
25. Chong BH, Burgess J, Ismail F. The clinical usefulness of the platelet aggregation test for the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Thromb Haemost. 1993;69(4):344-50.
26. Stephan C, Wesseling S, Schink T, Jung K. Comparison of eight computer programs for receiver-operating characteristic analysis. Clin Chem. 2003;49(3):433-9.
27. DeLong ER, DeLong DM, Clarke-Pearson DL. Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach. Biometrics. 1988;44(3):837-45.
28. Luginbühl R, Barizzi G, Sulzer I, Lämmle B, Alberio L. Screening for lupus anticoagulant: improving the performance of the lupus-sensitive PTT-LA. Int J Lab Hematol. 2011;33(2):168-75.
29. Pouplard C, Amiral J, Borg JY, Laporte-Simitsidis S, Delahousse B, Gruel Y. Decision analysis for use of platelet aggregation test, carbon 14-serotonin release assay, and heparin-platelet factor 4 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Am J Clin Pathol. 1999;111(5):700-6.
30. Pauzner R, Greinacher A, Selleng K, Althaus K, Shenkman B, Seligsohn U. False-positive tests for heparin-induced thrombo-cytopenia in patients with antiphospho-lipid syndrome and systemic lupus erythe-matosus. J Thromb Haemost. 2009;7(7): 1070-4.
31. Köchli A. Variability of anti-PF4/heparin antibody results obtained by the rapid testing system ID-H/PF4-PaGIA: a rebuttal. J Thromb Haemost. 2009;7(10):1753-5.
32. Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Diagnostic tests 4: likelihood ratios. BMJ. 2004;329(7458):168-9.
33. Sackett DL. Interpretation of diagnostic data: 5. How to do it with simple maths. Can Med Assoc J. 1983;129(9):947-54.
34. Fagan TJ. Letter: Nomogram for Bayes theorem. N Engl J Med. 1975;293(5):257.
35. Lo GK, Sigouin CS, Warkentin TE. What is the potential for overdiagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia? Am J Hematol. 2007;82(12):1037-43.
36. Warkentin TE, Sheppard JI, Moore JC, Sigouin CS, Kelton JG. Quantitative interpretation of optical density measurements using PF4-dependent enzyme-immunoas-says. J Thromb Haemost. 2008;6(8):1304-12.
37. Rodgers GM. Improving the laboratory diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocy-topenia. Am J Med. 2003;114(7):609-10.
38. Warkentin TE, Sheppard JA, Moore JC, Moore KM, Sigouin CS, Kelton JG. Laboratory testing for the antibodies that cause heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: how much class do we need? J Lab Clin Med. 2005;146(6):341-6.
39. Zwicker JI, Uhl L, Huang WY, Shaz BH, Bauer KA. Thrombosis and ELISA optical density values in hospitalized patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. J Thromb Haemost. 2004;2(12):2133-7.
40. Janatpour KA, Gosselin RC, Dager WE, Lee A, Owings JT, Zhou J, et al. Usefulness of optical density values from heparin-platelet factor 4 antibody testing and probability scoring models to diagnose heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Am J Clin Pathol. 2007;127(3):429-33.
41. Schenk S, El-Banayosy A, Morshuis M, Arusoglu L, Eichler P, Lubenow N, et al. IgG classification of anti-PF4/heparin antibodies to identify patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia during mechanical circulatory support. J Thromb Haemost. 2007;5(2):235-41.
42. Altuntas F, Matevosyan K, Burner J, Shen YM, Sarode R. Higher optical density of an antigen assay predicts thrombosis in patients with heparin-induced thrombocy-topenia. Eur J Haematol. 2008;80(5):429-35.