TiSi2Ox coated N-doped carbon nanotubes as Pt catalyst support for the oxygen reduction reaction in PEMFCs

Journal of Physical Chemistry C

Volumn 117, Issue 30, 2013, Pages 15457-15467

  Banis, Mohammad Norouzi ^a   Sun, Shuhui ^a   Meng, Xiangbo ^a   Zhang, Yong ^a   Wang, Zhiqiang ^a   Li, Ruying ^a   Cai, Mei ^b   Sham, Tsun Kong ^a   Sun, Xueliang ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

^b GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITIONS (CVD); COMPOSITE SUPPORT; ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIORS; ELECTROCHEMICAL SURFACE AREA; MAGNETRON SPUTTERING PROCESS; NITROGEN-DOPED CARBON NANOTUBES; OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; X-RAY ABSORPTION NEAR-EDGE STRUCTURE;

CARBON NANOTUBES; CATALYST SUPPORTS; CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION; DOPING (ADDITIVES); ELECTROLYTIC REDUCTION; HIGH RESOLUTION TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; NANOPARTICLES; OXIDE MINERALS; PLATINUM; PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS (PEMFC); SILICON; TITANIUM DIOXIDE; X RAY ABSORPTION NEAR EDGE STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; X RAY ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY;

TITANIUM COMPOUNDS;

EID: 84881235201     PISSN: 19327447     EISSN: 19327455     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jp3118874     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Andress, D.; Das, S.; Joseck, F.; Dean Nguyen, T. Status of Advanced Light Duty Transportation Technologies in the US Energy Policy 2012, 41, 348-364
2. Higgins, D. C.; Meza, D.; Chen, Z. Nitrogen Doped Carbon Nanotubes as Platinum Catalyst Supports for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 114, 21982-21988
3. Saha, M. S.; Li, R.; Sun, X.; Ye, S. 3-D Composite Electrodes for High Performance PEM Fuel Cells Composed of Pt Supported on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes Grown on Carbon Paper Electrochem. Commun. 2009, 11, 438-441
4. Chen, Y.; Wang, J.; Liu, H.; Li, R.; Sun, X.; Ye, S.; Knights, S. Enhanced Stability of Pt Electrocatalysts by Nitrogen Doping in CNTs for PEM Fuel Cells Electrochem. Commun. 2009, 11, 2071-2076
5. Xiong, W.; Du, F.; Liu, Y.; Perez, A.; Supp, M.; Ramakrishnan, T. S.; Dai, L.; Jiang, L. 3-D Carbon Nanotube Structures Used as High Performance Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 15839-15841
6. Chen, Z.; Higgins, D.; Tao, H.; Hsu, R. S.; Chen, Z. Highly Active Nitrogen Doped Carbon Nanotubes for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Fuel Cell Applications J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113, 21008-21013
7. Gong, K.; Du, F.; Xia, Z.; Durstock, M.; Dai, L. Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotube Arrays with High Electrocatalytic Activity for Oxygen Reduction Science 2009, 323, 760-764
8. Sun, X.; Li, R.; Villers, D.; Dodelet, J. P.; Désilets, S. Composite Electrodes Made of Pt Nanoparticles Deposited on Carbon Nanotubes Grown on Fuel Cell Backings Chem. Phys. Lett. 2003, 379, 99-104
9. Saha, M. S.; Li, R.; Sun, X. High Loading and Monodispersed Pt Nanoparticles on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for High Performance Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells J. Power Sources 2008, 177, 314-322
10. Sun, X.; Li, R.; Stansfield, B.; Dodelet, J. P.; Désilets, S. 3D Carbon Nanotube Network Based on a Hierarchical Structure Grown on Carbon Paper Backing Chem. Phys. Lett. 2004, 394, 266-270
11. Saha, M. S.; Banis, M. N.; Zhang, Y.; Li, R.; Sun, X.; Cai, M.; Wagner, F. T. Tungsten Oxide Nanowires Grown on Carbon Paper as Pt Electrocatalyst Support for High Performance Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells J. Power Sources 2009, 192, 330-335
12. 2 Nanowire-Based Electrodes Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 2007, 10, B130-B133
13. Jeon, M. K.; Daimon, H.; Lee, K. R.; Nakahara, A.; Woo, S. I. CO Tolerant Pt/WC Methanol Electro-Oxidation Catalyst Electrochem. Commun. 2007, 9, 2692-2695
14. Antolini, E.; Gonzalez, E. R. Ceramic Materials as Supports for Low-Temperature Fuel Cell Catalysts Solid State Ionics 2009, 180, 746-763
15. Antolini, E. Composite Materials: An Emerging Class of Fuel Cell Catalyst Supports Appl. Catal., B 2010, 100, 413-426
16. 2 Nanotube Arrays for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction J. Electrochem. Soc. 2008, 155, B1128-B1135
17. 2-Modified Carbon for the Application to Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catal. Lett. 2010, 134, 288-294
18. 2 Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 2011, 36, 5775-5781
19. Zhou, J.; Zhou, X.; Sun, X.; Murphy, M.; Ding, Z.; Sun, X.; Sham, T. K. Interaction Between Pt Nanoparticles and Carbon Nanotubes-An X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structures (XANES) Study Chem. Phys. Lett. 2007, 437, 229-232
20. 3 Supported Pt Catalysts React. Kinet. Catal. Lett. 1998, 63, 391-396
21. Boyanov, B. I.; Morrison, T. I. Support and Temperature Effects in Platinum Clusters. 2. Electronic Properties J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 16318-16326
22. Mazumder, V.; Lee, Y.; Sun, S. Recent Development of Active Nanoparticle Catalysts for Fuel Cell Reactions Adv. Funct. Mater. 2010, 20, 1224-1231
23. Sun, S.; Jaouen, F.; Dodelet, J. Controlled Growth of Pt Nanowires on Carbon Nanospheres and Their Enhanced Performance as Electrocatalysts in PEM Fuel Cells Adv. Mater. 2008, 20, 3900-3904
24. Liu, H.; Zhang, Y.; Li, R.; Sun, X.; Désilets, S.; Abou-Rachid, H.; Jaidann, M.; Lussier, L.-S. Structural and Morphological Control of Aligned Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes Carbon 2010, 48, 1498-1507
25. Meng, X.; Zhong, Y.; Sun, Y.; Banis, M. N.; Li, R.; Sun, X. Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes Coated by Atomic Layer Deposited SnO2 with Controlled Morphology and Phase Carbon 2011, 49, 1133-1144
26. Chen, Y.; Wang, J.; Liu, H.; Banis, M. N.; Li, R.; Sun, X.; Sham, T.-K.; Ye, S.; Knights, S. Nitrogen Doping Effects on Carbon Nanotubes and the Origin of the Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity of Supported Pt for Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 3769-3776
27. Hu, Y. F.; Coulthard, I.; Chevrier, D.; Wright, G.; Igarashi, R.; Sitnikov, A.; Yates, B. W.; Hallin, E. L.; Sham, T. K.; Reininger, R. Preliminary Commissioning and Performance of the Soft X-ray Micro- Characterization Beamline at the Canadian Light Source. AIP Conf. Proc. 2010, 1234, 343-346.
28. Yang, D.-Q.; Sun, S.; Dodelet, J.-P.; Sacher, E. A Facile Route for the Self-Organized High-Density Decoration of Pt Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 11717-11721
29. Sun, S. H.; Yang, D. Q.; Villers, D.; Zhang, G. X.; Sacher, E.; Dodelet, J. P. Template- and Surfactant-Free Room Temperature Synthesis of Self-Assembled 3D Pt Nanoflowers from Single-Crystal Nanowires Adv. Mater. 2008, 20, 571-574
30. Cheung, C. L.; Kurtz, A.; Park, H.; Lieber, C. M. Diameter-Controlled Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 2429-2433
31. Wang, X.; Liu, Y.; Zhu, D.; Zhang, L.; Ma, H.; Yao, N.; Zhang, B. Controllable Growth, Structure, and Low Field Emission of Well-Aligned CNx Nanotubes J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 2186-2190
32. He, M.; Zhou, S.; Zhang, J.; Liu, Z.; Robinson, C. CVD Growth of N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes on Silicon Substrates and Its Mechanism J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 9275-9279
33. Broadbent, E. K.; Morgan, A. E.; Coulman, B.; Huang, I. -W. Characterization of Titanium Silicide Films Formed by Composite Sputtering and Rapid Thermal Annealing Thin Solid Films 1987, 151, 51-63
34. Pantel, R.; Levy, D.; Nicolas, D.; Ponpon, J. P. Oxygen Behavior during Titanium Silicide Formation by Rapid Thermal Annealing J. Appl. Phys. 1987, 62, 4319-4321
35. Wee, A. T. S.; Huan, A. C. H.; Osipowicz, T.; Lee, K. K.; Thian, W. H.; Tan, K. L.; Hogan, R. Surface and Interface Studies of Titanium Silicide Formation Thin Solid Films 1996, 283, 130-134
36. Nam, C.; Kim, Y.-S.; Kim, W. B.; Cho, B. K. Magnetic Dipolar Interaction in NiFe Nanodot Arrays Formed on Vertical Carbon Nanotubes Nanotechnology 2008, 19, 475703-475707
37. Wilson, N. R.; Macpherson, J. V. Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Templates for Nanowire Conducting Probes Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 1365-1369
38. Rogachev, A.; Bezryadin, A. Superconducting Properties of Polycrystalline Nb Nanowires Templated by Carbon Nanotubes Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 83, 512-515
39. 2 Thin Films J. Appl. Phys. 1989, 66, 4747-4751
40. Goldstein, J. I.; Choi, S. K.; Van Loo, F. J. J.; Bastin, G. F.; Metselaar, R. Solid-State Reactions and Phase Relations in the Ti-Si-O System at 1373 K J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1995, 78, 313-322
41. Gencer Imer, A.; Yildiz, I.; Turan, R. Fabrication of Si Nanocrystals in an Amorphous SiC Matrix by Magnetron Sputtering Physica E 2010, 42, 2358-2363
42. 2 Superstructures from Amorphous Si/FeSiGe Layers Thin Solid Films 2004, 461, 77-80
43. Hofman, D.; Kleint, C.; Thomas, J.; Wetzig, K. Investigation of Thermoelectric Silicide Thin Films by Means of Analytical Transmission Electron Microscopy Ultramicroscopy 2000, 81, 271-277
44. 3,2 Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Study J. Appl. Phys. 2002, 92, 3000-3006
45. Lee, J. S.; Kim, W. B.; Choi, S. H. Linear Combination of XANES for Quantitative Analysis of Ti-Si Binary Oxides J. Synchrotron Radiat. 2001, 8, 163-167
46. Wu, Z. Y.; Zhang, J.; Ibrahim, K.; Xian, D. C.; Li, G.; Tao, Y.; Hu, T. D.; Bellucci, S.; Marcelli, A.; Zhang, Q. H.; Gao, L.; Chen, Z. Z. Structural Determination of Titanium-Oxide Nanoparticles by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Appl. Phys. Lett. 2002, 80, 2973-2975
47. 2 Crystalline Phase of Nanocomposite Thin Films and Their Photocatalytic Properties J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 6554-6560
48. Farges, F.; Brown, G. E.; Rehr, J. J. Ti K-edge XANES Studies of Ti Coordination and Disorder in Oxide Compounds: Comparison between Theory and Experiment Phys. Rev. B 1997, 56, 1809-1819
49. Shuji, M.; Nahomi, S.; Hisanobu, W. Pre-Edge Features of Ti K-Edge X-Ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure for the Local Structure of Sol-Gel Titanium Oxides Anal. Sci. 2005, 21, 805-809
50. Gong, Q. M.; Li, Z.; Wang, Y.; Wu, B.; Zhang, Z.; Liang, J. The Effect of High-Temperature Annealing on the Structure and Electrical Properties of Well-Aligned Carbon Nanotubes Mater. Res. Bull. 2007, 42, 474-481
51. Chen, J.; Shan, J. Y.; Tsukada, T.; Munekane, F.; Kuno, A.; Matsuo, M.; Hayashi, T.; Kim, Y. A.; Endo, M. The Structural Evolution of Thin Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes during Isothermal Annealing Carbon 2007, 45, 274-280
52. Bulusheva, L. G.; Okotrub, A. V.; Kinloch, I. A.; Asanov, I. P.; Kurenya, A. G.; Kudashov, A. G.; Chen, X.; Song, H. Effect of Nitrogen Doping on Raman Spectra of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Phys. Status Solidi B 2008, 245, 1971-1974
53. 2 from the Carbon Nanotubes via High-Temperature Annealing J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 1683-1688
54. Sun, S.; Zhang, G.; Geng, D.; Chen, Y.; Banis, M. N.; Li, R.; Cai, M.; Sun, X. Direct Growth of Single-Crystal Pt Nanowires on Sn@CNT Nanocable: 3D Electrodes for Highly Active Electrocatalysts Chem.-Eur. J. 2010, 16, 829-835
55. Sun, S.; Yang, D.; Zhang, G.; Sacher, E.; Dodelet, J.-P. Synthesis and Characterization of Platinum Nanowire-Carbon Nanotube Heterostructures Chem. Mater. 2007, 19, 6376-6378
56. Sun, S.; Zhang, G.; Geng, D.; Chen, Y.; Li, R.; Cai, M.; Sun, X. A Highly Durable Platinum Nanocatalyst for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Multiarmed Starlike Nanowire Single Crystal Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 422-426
57. Brown, M.; Peierls, R. E.; Stern, E. A. White Lines in X-ray Absorption Phys. Rev. B: Solid State 1977, 15, 738-744
58. 3,2-Edge Near-Edge Structure for the Unoccupied Densities of d States of 5d Metals J. Appl. Phys. 1996, 79, 7134-7138
59. Min, M.-K.; Cho, J.; Cho, K.; Kim, H. Particle Size and Alloying Effects of Pt-Based Alloy Catalysts for Fuel Cell Applications Electrochim. Acta 2000, 45, 4211-4217
60. 2 Reduction: PdCo/C Substrate-Induced Activity in Alkaline Media J. Solid State Electrochem. 2008, 12, 399-407
61. 2,3 X-ray Absorption Edge Spectra J. Phys. Chem. 1984, 88, 2330-2334
62. Sun, S.; Zhang, G.; Gauquelin, N.; Chen, N.; Zhou, J.; Yang, S.; Chen, W.; Meng, X.; Geng, D.; Banis, M. N.; Li, R.; Ye, S.; Knights, S.; Botton, G. A.; Sham, T.-K.; Sun, X. Single-Atom Catalysis Using Pt/Graphene Achieved through Atomic Layer Deposition Sci. Rep. 2013, 3, 1-9
63. Mattheiss, L. F.; Dietz, R. E. Relativistic Tight-Binding Calculation of Core-Valence Transitions in Pt and Au Phys. Rev. B 1980, 22, 1663-1676
64. Ciapina, E. G.; Santos, S. F.; Gonzalez, E. R. The Electrooxidation of Carbon Monoxide on Unsupported Pt Agglomerates J. Electroanal. Chem. 2010, 644, 132-143
65. Maillard, F.; Schreier, S.; Hanzlik, M.; Savinova, E. R.; Weinkauf, S.; Stimming, U. Influence of Particle Agglomeration on the Catalytic Activity of Carbon-Supported Pt Nanoparticles in CO Monolayer Oxidation Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2005, 7, 385-393
66. Maillard, F.; Eikerling, M.; Cherstiouk, O. V.; Schreier, S.; Savinova, E.; Stimming, U. Size Effects on Reactivity of Pt Nanoparticles in CO Monolayer Oxidation: The Role of Surface Mobility Faraday Discuss. 2004, 125, 357-377
67. Kita, H.; Ye, S.; Aramata, A.; Furuya, N. Adsorption of Hydrogen on Platinum Single Crystal Electrodes in Acid and Alkali Solutions J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfacial Electrochem. 1990, 295, 317-331