메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 28, Issue 7, 2013, Pages 944-957

The anatomical basis of dystonia: Current view using neuroimaging

Author keywords

Basal ganglia; Cerebellum; Diffusion imaging; Dystonia; MRI; PET

Indexed keywords

FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE;

EID: 84880770841     PISSN: 08853185     EISSN: 15318257     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/mds.25527     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (148)

References (159)
  • 1
    • 0023675531 scopus 로고
    • Concept and classification of dystonia
    • Fahn S. Concept and classification of dystonia. Adv Neurol 1988;50:1-8.
    • (1988) Adv Neurol , vol.50 , pp. 1-8
    • Fahn, S.1
  • 4
    • 0036212214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genetics of primary dystonias and related disorders
    • Nemeth AH. The genetics of primary dystonias and related disorders. Brain 2002;125:695-721.
    • (2002) Brain , vol.125 , pp. 695-721
    • Nemeth, A.H.1
  • 5
    • 0141868763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dystonia: phenotypes and genotypes
    • Bressman SB. Dystonia: phenotypes and genotypes. Rev Neurol 2003;159:849-856.
    • (2003) Rev Neurol , vol.159 , pp. 849-856
    • Bressman, S.B.1
  • 8
    • 34249653516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do primary adult-onset focal dystonias share aetiological factors?
    • Defazio G, Berardelli A, Hallett M. Do primary adult-onset focal dystonias share aetiological factors? Brain 2007;130:1183-1193.
    • (2007) Brain , vol.130 , pp. 1183-1193
    • Defazio, G.1    Berardelli, A.2    Hallett, M.3
  • 9
    • 41249089604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental therapeutics for dystonia
    • Jinnah HA, Hess EJ. Experimental therapeutics for dystonia. Neurotherapeutics 2008;5:198-209.
    • (2008) Neurotherapeutics , vol.5 , pp. 198-209
    • Jinnah, H.A.1    Hess, E.J.2
  • 10
    • 0001611156 scopus 로고
    • Pathology of dystonias
    • Tsui JKC, Calne DB, eds. New York: Marcel Dekker
    • McGeer EG, McGeer PL. Pathology of dystonias. In: Tsui JKC, Calne DB, eds. Handbook of dystonia. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1995:77-102.
    • (1995) Handbook of dystonia , pp. 77-102
    • McGeer, E.G.1    McGeer, P.L.2
  • 11
    • 0023673622 scopus 로고
    • Primary dystonias: A review of the pathology and suggestions for new directions of study
    • Fahn S, Marsden DC, Calne DB, eds., New York: Raven Press
    • Hedreen JC, Zweig RM, DeLong MR, Whitehouse PJ, Price DL. Primary dystonias: A review of the pathology and suggestions for new directions of study. In: Fahn S, Marsden DC, Calne DB, eds. Dystonia 2. Advances in Neurology, vol. 50. New York: Raven Press; 1988:123-132.
    • (1988) Dystonia 2. Advances in Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 123-132
    • Hedreen, J.C.1    Zweig, R.M.2    DeLong, M.R.3    Whitehouse, P.J.4    Price, D.L.5
  • 12
    • 0021840778 scopus 로고
    • Hemidystonia: a report of 22 patients and a review of the literature
    • Pettigrew LC, Jankovic J. Hemidystonia: a report of 22 patients and a review of the literature. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1985;48:650-657.
    • (1985) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.48 , pp. 650-657
    • Pettigrew, L.C.1    Jankovic, J.2
  • 13
    • 0023673621 scopus 로고
    • Clinicopathologic correlation in symptomatic dystonia
    • Obeso JA, Gimenez-Roldan S. Clinicopathologic correlation in symptomatic dystonia. Adv Neurol 1988;50:113-122.
    • (1988) Adv Neurol , vol.50 , pp. 113-122
    • Obeso, J.A.1    Gimenez-Roldan, S.2
  • 14
    • 0027978063 scopus 로고
    • The behavioural and motor consequences of focal lesions of the basal ganglia in man
    • Bhatia KP, Marsden CD. The behavioural and motor consequences of focal lesions of the basal ganglia in man. Brain 1994;117:859-876.
    • (1994) Brain , vol.117 , pp. 859-876
    • Bhatia, K.P.1    Marsden, C.D.2
  • 15
    • 0035949736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical characteristics and topography of lesions in movement disorders due to thalamic lesions
    • Lehericy S, Grand S, Pollak P, et al. Clinical characteristics and topography of lesions in movement disorders due to thalamic lesions. Neurology 2001;57:1055-1066.
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.57 , pp. 1055-1066
    • Lehericy, S.1    Grand, S.2    Pollak, P.3
  • 16
    • 0029932039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Striatopallidal and thalamic dystonia. A magnetic resonance imaging anatomoclinical study
    • Lehericy S, Vidailhet M, Dormont D, et al. Striatopallidal and thalamic dystonia. A magnetic resonance imaging anatomoclinical study. Arch Neurol 1996;53:241-250.
    • (1996) Arch Neurol , vol.53 , pp. 241-250
    • Lehericy, S.1    Vidailhet, M.2    Dormont, D.3
  • 17
    • 0032817665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopaminergic dysfunction in midbrain dystonia: anatomoclinical study using 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging and fluorodopa F 18 positron emission tomography
    • Vidailhet M, Dupel C, Lehericy S, et al. Dopaminergic dysfunction in midbrain dystonia: anatomoclinical study using 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging and fluorodopa F 18 positron emission tomography. Arch Neurol 1999;56:982-989.
    • (1999) Arch Neurol , vol.56 , pp. 982-989
    • Vidailhet, M.1    Dupel, C.2    Lehericy, S.3
  • 18
    • 0031762056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dystonia after striatopallidal and thalamic stroke: clinicoradiological correlations and pathophysiological mechanisms
    • Krystkowiak P, Martinat P, Defebvre L, Pruvo JP, Leys D, Destee A. Dystonia after striatopallidal and thalamic stroke: clinicoradiological correlations and pathophysiological mechanisms. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998;65:703-708.
    • (1998) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.65 , pp. 703-708
    • Krystkowiak, P.1    Martinat, P.2    Defebvre, L.3    Pruvo, J.P.4    Leys, D.5    Destee, A.6
  • 19
    • 0021826543 scopus 로고
    • The anatomical basis of symptomatic dystonia
    • Marsden CD, Obeso JA, Zarranz JJ. The anatomical basis of symptomatic dystonia. Brain 1985;108:463-483.
    • (1985) Brain , vol.108 , pp. 463-483
    • Marsden, C.D.1    Obeso, J.A.2    Zarranz, J.J.3
  • 20
    • 0028017280 scopus 로고
    • Movement disorders following lesions of the thalamus or subthalamic region
    • Lee MS, Marsden CD. Movement disorders following lesions of the thalamus or subthalamic region. Mov Disord 1995;9:493-507.
    • (1995) Mov Disord , vol.9 , pp. 493-507
    • Lee, M.S.1    Marsden, C.D.2
  • 21
    • 0035130365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed onset mixed involuntary movements after thalamic stroke
    • Kim JS. Delayed onset mixed involuntary movements after thalamic stroke. Brain 2001;124:299-309.
    • (2001) Brain , vol.124 , pp. 299-309
    • Kim, J.S.1
  • 22
    • 0031743485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parietal motor syndrome: a clinical description in 32 patients in the acute phase of pure parietal strokes studied prospectively
    • Ghika J, Ghika-Schmid F, Bogousslasvky J. Parietal motor syndrome: a clinical description in 32 patients in the acute phase of pure parietal strokes studied prospectively. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1998;100:271-282.
    • (1998) Clin Neurol Neurosurg , vol.100 , pp. 271-282
    • Ghika, J.1    Ghika-Schmid, F.2    Bogousslasvky, J.3
  • 23
    • 0037246324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary cervical dystonia associated with structural lesions of the central nervous system
    • LeDoux MS, Brady KA. Secondary cervical dystonia associated with structural lesions of the central nervous system. Mov Disord 2002;18:60-69.
    • (2002) Mov Disord , vol.18 , pp. 60-69
    • LeDoux, M.S.1    Brady, K.A.2
  • 24
    • 0029069644 scopus 로고
    • Hemidystonia consequent upon ipsilateral vertebral artery occlusion and cerebellar infarction
    • Rumbach L, Barth P, Costaz A, Mas J. Hemidystonia consequent upon ipsilateral vertebral artery occlusion and cerebellar infarction. Mov Disord 1995;10:522-525.
    • (1995) Mov Disord , vol.10 , pp. 522-525
    • Rumbach, L.1    Barth, P.2    Costaz, A.3    Mas, J.4
  • 26
    • 33846302389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paroxysmal torticollis and blepharospasm following bilateral cerebellar infarction
    • O'Rourke K, O'Riordan S, Gallagher J, Hutchinson M. Paroxysmal torticollis and blepharospasm following bilateral cerebellar infarction. J Neurol 2006;253:1644-1645.
    • (2006) J Neurol , vol.253 , pp. 1644-1645
    • O'Rourke, K.1    O'Riordan, S.2    Gallagher, J.3    Hutchinson, M.4
  • 27
    • 33748585947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Torticollis secondary to posterior fossa and cervical spinal cord tumors: report of five cases and literature review
    • Kumandaş S, Per H, Gümüş H, et al. Torticollis secondary to posterior fossa and cervical spinal cord tumors: report of five cases and literature review. Neurosurg Rev 2006;29:333-338.
    • (2006) Neurosurg Rev , vol.29 , pp. 333-338
    • Kumandaş, S.1    Per, H.2    Gümüş, H.3
  • 29
    • 79955480259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural, functional and molecular imaging of the brain in primary focal dystonia-a review
    • Zoons E, Booij J, Nederveen AJ, Dijk JM, Tijssen MA. Structural, functional and molecular imaging of the brain in primary focal dystonia-a review. Neuroimage 2011;56:1011-1020.
    • (2011) Neuroimage , vol.56 , pp. 1011-1020
    • Zoons, E.1    Booij, J.2    Nederveen, A.J.3    Dijk, J.M.4    Tijssen, M.A.5
  • 30
    • 84862823388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural network of primary focal dystonia by an anatomic likelihood estimation meta-analysis of gray matter abnormalities
    • Zheng Z, Pan P, Wang W, Shang H. Neural network of primary focal dystonia by an anatomic likelihood estimation meta-analysis of gray matter abnormalities. J Neurol Sci 2012;316:51-55.
    • (2012) J Neurol Sci , vol.316 , pp. 51-55
    • Zheng, Z.1    Pan, P.2    Wang, W.3    Shang, H.4
  • 31
  • 32
    • 34447561555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphometric changes of sensorimotor structures in focal dystonia
    • Obermann M, Yaldizli O, De Greiff A, et al. Morphometric changes of sensorimotor structures in focal dystonia. Mov Disord 2007;22:1117-1123.
    • (2007) Mov Disord , vol.22 , pp. 1117-1123
    • Obermann, M.1    Yaldizli, O.2    De Greiff, A.3
  • 33
    • 67651020859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotype-phenotype interactions in primary dystonias revealed by differential changes in brain structure
    • Draganski B, Schneider SA, Fiorio M, et al. Genotype-phenotype interactions in primary dystonias revealed by differential changes in brain structure. Neuroimage 2009;47:1141-1147.
    • (2009) Neuroimage , vol.47 , pp. 1141-1147
    • Draganski, B.1    Schneider, S.A.2    Fiorio, M.3
  • 34
    • 78651469967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A transverse and longitudinal MR imaging voxel-based morphometry study in patients with primary cervical dystonia
    • Pantano P, Totaro P, Fabbrini G, et al. A transverse and longitudinal MR imaging voxel-based morphometry study in patients with primary cervical dystonia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011;32:81-84.
    • (2011) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.32 , pp. 81-84
    • Pantano, P.1    Totaro, P.2    Fabbrini, G.3
  • 36
    • 34748856997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voxel based morphometry reveals specific gray matter changes in primary dystonia
    • Egger K, Mueller J, Schocke M, et al. Voxel based morphometry reveals specific gray matter changes in primary dystonia. Mov Disord 2007;22:1538-1542.
    • (2007) Mov Disord , vol.22 , pp. 1538-1542
    • Egger, K.1    Mueller, J.2    Schocke, M.3
  • 38
    • 34547625206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural abnormalities in the cerebellum and sensorimotor circuit in writer's cramp
    • Delmaire C, Vidailhet M, Elbaz A, et al. Structural abnormalities in the cerebellum and sensorimotor circuit in writer's cramp. Neurology 2007;69:376-380.
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.69 , pp. 376-380
    • Delmaire, C.1    Vidailhet, M.2    Elbaz, A.3
  • 40
    • 34447564850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural white matter abnormalities in patients with idiopathic dystonia
    • Bonilha L, de Vries PM, Vincent DJ, et al. Structural white matter abnormalities in patients with idiopathic dystonia. Mov Disord 2007;22:1110-1116.
    • (2007) Mov Disord , vol.22 , pp. 1110-1116
    • Bonilha, L.1    de Vries, P.M.2    Vincent, D.J.3
  • 41
    • 38349188244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diffusion tensor imaging in patients with primary cervical dystonia and in patients with blepharospasm
    • Fabbrini G, Pantano P, Totaro P, et al. Diffusion tensor imaging in patients with primary cervical dystonia and in patients with blepharospasm. Eur J Neurol 2008;15:185-189.
    • (2008) Eur J Neurol , vol.15 , pp. 185-189
    • Fabbrini, G.1    Pantano, P.2    Totaro, P.3
  • 42
    • 38849191142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focal white matter changes in spasmodic dysphonia: a combined diffusion tensor imaging and neuropathological study
    • Simonyan K, Tovar-Moll F, Ostuni J, et al. Focal white matter changes in spasmodic dysphonia: a combined diffusion tensor imaging and neuropathological study. Brain 2008;131:447-459.
    • (2008) Brain , vol.131 , pp. 447-459
    • Simonyan, K.1    Tovar-Moll, F.2    Ostuni, J.3
  • 44
    • 65249168156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diffusion abnormalities in the primary sensorimotor pathways in writer's cramp
    • Delmaire C, Vidailhet M, Wassermann D, et al. Diffusion abnormalities in the primary sensorimotor pathways in writer's cramp. Arch Neurol 2009;66:502-508.
    • (2009) Arch Neurol , vol.66 , pp. 502-508
    • Delmaire, C.1    Vidailhet, M.2    Wassermann, D.3
  • 45
    • 63049134709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disrupted thalamic prefrontal pathways in patients with idiopathic dystonia
    • Bonilha L, de Vries PM, Hurd MW, et al. Disrupted thalamic prefrontal pathways in patients with idiopathic dystonia. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009;15:64-67.
    • (2009) Parkinsonism Relat Disord , vol.15 , pp. 64-67
    • Bonilha, L.1    de Vries, P.M.2    Hurd, M.W.3
  • 46
    • 84857484456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for altered basal ganglia-brainstem connections in cervical dystonia
    • Blood AJ, Kuster JK, Woodman SC, et al. Evidence for altered basal ganglia-brainstem connections in cervical dystonia. PLoS One 2012;7:e31654.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7
    • Blood, A.J.1    Kuster, J.K.2    Woodman, S.C.3
  • 47
    • 84855318202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comprehensive in vivo mapping of the human basal ganglia and thalamic connectome in individuals using 7T MRI
    • Lenglet C, Abosch A, Yacoub E, De Martino F, Sapiro G, Harel N. Comprehensive in vivo mapping of the human basal ganglia and thalamic connectome in individuals using 7T MRI. PLoS One 2012;7:e29153.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7
    • Lenglet, C.1    Abosch, A.2    Yacoub, E.3    De Martino, F.4    Sapiro, G.5    Harel, N.6
  • 48
    • 0029765108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basal ganglia and thalamo-cortical hypermetabolism in patients with spasmodic torticollis
    • Galardi G, Perani D, Grassi F, et al. Basal ganglia and thalamo-cortical hypermetabolism in patients with spasmodic torticollis. Acta Neurol Scand 1996;94:172-176.
    • (1996) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.94 , pp. 172-176
    • Galardi, G.1    Perani, D.2    Grassi, F.3
  • 49
    • 0030883324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with spasmodic torticollis
    • Magyar-Lehmann S, Antonini A, Roelcke U, et al. Cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with spasmodic torticollis. Mov Disord 1997;12:704-708.
    • (1997) Mov Disord , vol.12 , pp. 704-708
    • Magyar-Lehmann, S.1    Antonini, A.2    Roelcke, U.3
  • 50
    • 0142257971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positron emission tomography scanning in essential blepharospasm
    • Kerrison JB, Lancaster JL, Zamarripa FE, et al. Positron emission tomography scanning in essential blepharospasm. Am J Ophthalmol 2003;136:846-852.
    • (2003) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.136 , pp. 846-852
    • Kerrison, J.B.1    Lancaster, J.L.2    Zamarripa, F.E.3
  • 51
    • 0026774668 scopus 로고
    • Positron emission tomography demonstrates frontal cortex and basal ganglia hypometabolism in dystonia
    • Karbe H, Holthoff VA, Rudolf J, Herholz K, Heiss WD. Positron emission tomography demonstrates frontal cortex and basal ganglia hypometabolism in dystonia. Neurology 1992;42:1540-1544.
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 1540-1544
    • Karbe, H.1    Holthoff, V.A.2    Rudolf, J.3    Herholz, K.4    Heiss, W.D.5
  • 52
    • 0026616765 scopus 로고
    • Increased striatal 18F-dopa uptake and normal glucose metabolism in idiopathic dystonia syndrome
    • Otsuka M, Ichiya Y, Shima F, et al. Increased striatal 18F-dopa uptake and normal glucose metabolism in idiopathic dystonia syndrome. J Neurol Sci 1992;111:195-199.
    • (1992) J Neurol Sci , vol.111 , pp. 195-199
    • Otsuka, M.1    Ichiya, Y.2    Shima, F.3
  • 53
    • 0029572439 scopus 로고
    • The metabolic topography of idiopathic torsion dystonia
    • Eidelberg D, Moeller JR, Ishikawa T, et al. The metabolic topography of idiopathic torsion dystonia. Brain 1995;118:1473-1484.
    • (1995) Brain , vol.118 , pp. 1473-1484
    • Eidelberg, D.1    Moeller, J.R.2    Ishikawa, T.3
  • 54
    • 0031716770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional brain networks in DYT1 dystonia
    • Eidelberg D, Moeller JR, Antonini A, et al. Functional brain networks in DYT1 dystonia. Ann Neurol 1998;44:303-312.
    • (1998) Ann Neurol , vol.44 , pp. 303-312
    • Eidelberg, D.1    Moeller, J.R.2    Antonini, A.3
  • 55
    • 0033810860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The metabolic topography of essential blepharospasm: a focal dystonia with general implications
    • Hutchinson M, Nakamura T, Moeller JR, et al. The metabolic topography of essential blepharospasm: a focal dystonia with general implications. Neurology 2000;55:673-677.
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.55 , pp. 673-677
    • Hutchinson, M.1    Nakamura, T.2    Moeller, J.R.3
  • 56
    • 0036894150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary dystonia: is abnormal functional brain architecture linked to genotype?
    • Trost M, Carbon M, Edwards C, et al. Primary dystonia: is abnormal functional brain architecture linked to genotype? Ann Neurol 2002;52:853-856.
    • (2002) Ann Neurol , vol.52 , pp. 853-856
    • Trost, M.1    Carbon, M.2    Edwards, C.3
  • 57
    • 0030611559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased [18F]spiperone binding in putamen in idiopathic focal dystonia
    • Perlmutter JS, Stambuk MK, Markham J, et al. Decreased [18F]spiperone binding in putamen in idiopathic focal dystonia. J Neurosci 1997;17:843-850.
    • (1997) J Neurosci , vol.17 , pp. 843-850
    • Perlmutter, J.S.1    Stambuk, M.K.2    Markham, J.3
  • 58
    • 0031905651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imaging the pre- and postsynaptic side of striatal dopaminergic synapses in idiopathic cervical dystonia: a SPECT study using [123I] epidepride and [123I] beta-CIT
    • Naumann M, Pirker W, Reiners K, Lange KW, Becker G, Brucke T. Imaging the pre- and postsynaptic side of striatal dopaminergic synapses in idiopathic cervical dystonia: a SPECT study using [123I] epidepride and [123I] beta-CIT. Mov Disord 1998;13:319-323.
    • (1998) Mov Disord , vol.13 , pp. 319-323
    • Naumann, M.1    Pirker, W.2    Reiners, K.3    Lange, K.W.4    Becker, G.5    Brucke, T.6
  • 60
    • 0031931596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased activation of frontal areas during arm movement in idiopathic torsion dystonia
    • Playford ED, Passingham RE, Marsden CD, Brooks DJ. Increased activation of frontal areas during arm movement in idiopathic torsion dystonia. Mov Disord 1998;13:309-318.
    • (1998) Mov Disord , vol.13 , pp. 309-318
    • Playford, E.D.1    Passingham, R.E.2    Marsden, C.D.3    Brooks, D.J.4
  • 61
    • 2142824222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basal ganglia activity remains elevated after movement in focal hand dystonia
    • Blood AJ, Flaherty AW, Choi JK, et al. Basal ganglia activity remains elevated after movement in focal hand dystonia. Ann Neurol 2004;55:744-748.
    • (2004) Ann Neurol , vol.55 , pp. 744-748
    • Blood, A.J.1    Flaherty, A.W.2    Choi, J.K.3
  • 62
    • 33749493484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The basal ganglia are hyperactive during the discrimination of tactile stimuli in writer's cramp
    • Peller M, Zeuner KE, Munchau A, et al. The basal ganglia are hyperactive during the discrimination of tactile stimuli in writer's cramp. Brain 2006;129:2697-2708.
    • (2006) Brain , vol.129 , pp. 2697-2708
    • Peller, M.1    Zeuner, K.E.2    Munchau, A.3
  • 63
    • 75749098841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulatory effects of 5Hz rTMS over the primary somatosensory cortex in focal dystonia-an fMRI-TMS study
    • Schneider SA, Pleger B, Draganski B, et al. Modulatory effects of 5Hz rTMS over the primary somatosensory cortex in focal dystonia-an fMRI-TMS study. Mov Disord 2010;25:76-83.
    • (2010) Mov Disord , vol.25 , pp. 76-83
    • Schneider, S.A.1    Pleger, B.2    Draganski, B.3
  • 64
    • 77953181830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensorimotor overactivity as a pathophysiologic trait of embouchure dystonia
    • Haslinger B, Altenmuller E, Castrop F, Zimmer C, Dresel C. Sensorimotor overactivity as a pathophysiologic trait of embouchure dystonia. Neurology 2010;74:1790-1797.
    • (2010) Neurology , vol.74 , pp. 1790-1797
    • Haslinger, B.1    Altenmuller, E.2    Castrop, F.3    Zimmer, C.4    Dresel, C.5
  • 65
    • 20244366214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disorganized somatotopy in the putamen of patients with focal hand dystonia
    • Delmaire C, Krainik A, Tezenas Du Montcel S, et al. Disorganized somatotopy in the putamen of patients with focal hand dystonia. Neurology 2005;64:1391-1396.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.64 , pp. 1391-1396
    • Delmaire, C.1    Krainik, A.2    Tezenas Du Montcel, S.3
  • 66
    • 77953726810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired sensorimotor integration in focal hand dystonia patients in the absence of symptoms
    • Wu CC, Fairhall SL, McNair NA, et al. Impaired sensorimotor integration in focal hand dystonia patients in the absence of symptoms. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2010;81:659-665.
    • (2010) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.81 , pp. 659-665
    • Wu, C.C.1    Fairhall, S.L.2    McNair, N.A.3
  • 67
    • 84866626789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basal ganglia-premotor dysfunction during movement imagination in writer's cramp
    • Castrop F, Dresel C, Hennenlotter A, Zimmer C, Haslinger B. Basal ganglia-premotor dysfunction during movement imagination in writer's cramp. Mov Disord 2012;27:1432-1439.
    • (2012) Mov Disord , vol.27 , pp. 1432-1439
    • Castrop, F.1    Dresel, C.2    Hennenlotter, A.3    Zimmer, C.4    Haslinger, B.5
  • 68
    • 0036206884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal cortical mechanisms of voluntary muscle relaxation in patients with writer's cramp: an fMRI study
    • Oga T, Honda M, Toma K, et al. Abnormal cortical mechanisms of voluntary muscle relaxation in patients with writer's cramp: an fMRI study. Brain 2002;125:895-903.
    • (2002) Brain , vol.125 , pp. 895-903
    • Oga, T.1    Honda, M.2    Toma, K.3
  • 69
    • 70149125202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digit-specific aberrations in the primary somatosensory cortex in writer's cramp
    • Nelson AJ, Blake DT, Chen R. Digit-specific aberrations in the primary somatosensory cortex in writer's cramp. Ann Neurol 2009;66:146-154.
    • (2009) Ann Neurol , vol.66 , pp. 146-154
    • Nelson, A.J.1    Blake, D.T.2    Chen, R.3
  • 71
    • 0034785730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human brain mapping in dystonia reveals both endophenotypic traits and adaptive reorganization
    • Meunier S, Garnero L, Ducorps A, et al. Human brain mapping in dystonia reveals both endophenotypic traits and adaptive reorganization. Ann Neurol 2001;50:521-527.
    • (2001) Ann Neurol , vol.50 , pp. 521-527
    • Meunier, S.1    Garnero, L.2    Ducorps, A.3
  • 72
    • 50049087567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia
    • Jenner P. Molecular mechanisms of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Nat Rev 2008;9:665-677.
    • (2008) Nat Rev , vol.9 , pp. 665-677
    • Jenner, P.1
  • 73
    • 41249097376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain surgery for dystonia
    • Stacey MA. New York: Informa Healtcare USA, Inc.
    • Marks WJJ. Brain surgery for dystonia. In: Stacey MA, ed. Handbook of dystonia. New York: Informa Healtcare USA, Inc.; 2007:393-406.
    • (2007) Handbook of dystonia , pp. 393-406
    • Marks, W.J.J.1
  • 74
    • 33846860660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilateral, pallidal, deep-brain stimulation in primary generalised dystonia: a prospective 3 year follow-up study
    • Vidailhet M, Vercueil L, Houeto JL, et al. Bilateral, pallidal, deep-brain stimulation in primary generalised dystonia: a prospective 3 year follow-up study. Lancet Neurol 2007;6:223-229.
    • (2007) Lancet Neurol , vol.6 , pp. 223-229
    • Vidailhet, M.1    Vercueil, L.2    Houeto, J.L.3
  • 77
    • 0036070538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias in the intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson's disease: relation to motor and cellular parameters of nigrostriatal function
    • Winkler C, Kirik D, Bjorklund A, Cenci MA. L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias in the intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson's disease: relation to motor and cellular parameters of nigrostriatal function. Neurobiol Dis 2002;10:165-186.
    • (2002) Neurobiol Dis , vol.10 , pp. 165-186
    • Winkler, C.1    Kirik, D.2    Bjorklund, A.3    Cenci, M.A.4
  • 78
    • 0036837148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subacute systemic 3-nitropropionic acid intoxication induces a distinct motor disorder in adult C57BL/6 mice: behavioural and histopathological characterisation
    • Fernagut PO, Diguet E, Stefanova N, et al. Subacute systemic 3-nitropropionic acid intoxication induces a distinct motor disorder in adult C57BL/6 mice: behavioural and histopathological characterisation. Neuroscience 2002;114:1005-1017.
    • (2002) Neuroscience , vol.114 , pp. 1005-1017
    • Fernagut, P.O.1    Diguet, E.2    Stefanova, N.3
  • 79
    • 0030001887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic 3-nitropropionic acid treatment in baboons replicates the cognitive and motor deficits of Huntington's disease
    • Palfi S, Ferrante RJ, Brouillet E, et al. Chronic 3-nitropropionic acid treatment in baboons replicates the cognitive and motor deficits of Huntington's disease. J Neurosci 1996;16:3019-3025.
    • (1996) J Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 3019-3025
    • Palfi, S.1    Ferrante, R.J.2    Brouillet, E.3
  • 80
    • 42649138874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensory motor mismatch within the supplementary motor area in the dystonic monkey
    • Cuny E, Ghorayeb I, Guehl D, Escola L, Bioulac B, Burbaud P. Sensory motor mismatch within the supplementary motor area in the dystonic monkey. Neurobiol Dis 2008;30:151-161.
    • (2008) Neurobiol Dis , vol.30 , pp. 151-161
    • Cuny, E.1    Ghorayeb, I.2    Guehl, D.3    Escola, L.4    Bioulac, B.5    Burbaud, P.6
  • 82
    • 0026100745 scopus 로고
    • Basal ganglia motor control. III. Pallidal ablation: normal reaction time, muscle cocontraction, and slow movement
    • Mink JW, Thach WT. Basal ganglia motor control. III. Pallidal ablation: normal reaction time, muscle cocontraction, and slow movement. J Neurophysiol 1991;65:330-351.
    • (1991) J Neurophysiol , vol.65 , pp. 330-351
    • Mink, J.W.1    Thach, W.T.2
  • 83
    • 0030659028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MPTP induces dystonia and parkinsonism. Clues to the pathophysiology of dystonia
    • Perlmutter JS, Tempel LW, Black KJ, Parkinson D, Todd RD. MPTP induces dystonia and parkinsonism. Clues to the pathophysiology of dystonia. Neurology 1997;49:1432-1438.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.49 , pp. 1432-1438
    • Perlmutter, J.S.1    Tempel, L.W.2    Black, K.J.3    Parkinson, D.4    Todd, R.D.5
  • 84
    • 4344576360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioural disorders induced by external globus pallidus dysfunction in primates: I. Behavioural study
    • Grabli D, McCairn K, Hirsch EC, et al. Behavioural disorders induced by external globus pallidus dysfunction in primates: I. Behavioural study. Brain 2004;127:2039-2054.
    • (2004) Brain , vol.127 , pp. 2039-2054
    • Grabli, D.1    McCairn, K.2    Hirsch, E.C.3
  • 85
    • 0141958913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The basal ganglia and involuntary movements: impaired inhibition of competing motor patterns
    • Mink JW. The basal ganglia and involuntary movements: impaired inhibition of competing motor patterns. Arch Neurol 2003;60:1365-1368.
    • (2003) Arch Neurol , vol.60 , pp. 1365-1368
    • Mink, J.W.1
  • 86
    • 33846077467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circuits and circuit disorders of the basal ganglia
    • DeLong MR, Wichmann T. Circuits and circuit disorders of the basal ganglia. Arch Neurol 2007;64:20-24.
    • (2007) Arch Neurol , vol.64 , pp. 20-24
    • DeLong, M.R.1    Wichmann, T.2
  • 87
    • 84865560346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Striatal microcircuitry and movement disorders
    • Gittis AH, Kreitzer AC. Striatal microcircuitry and movement disorders. Trends Neurosci 2012;35:557-564.
    • (2012) Trends Neurosci , vol.35 , pp. 557-564
    • Gittis, A.H.1    Kreitzer, A.C.2
  • 89
    • 33847183498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced neuron-specific expression of the TAF1 gene is associated with X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism
    • Makino S, Kaji R, Ando S, et al. Reduced neuron-specific expression of the TAF1 gene is associated with X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism. Am J Hum Genet 2007;80:393-406.
    • (2007) Am J Hum Genet , vol.80 , pp. 393-406
    • Makino, S.1    Kaji, R.2    Ando, S.3
  • 90
    • 21844443362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia in X-linked recessive dystonia-parkinsonism
    • Goto S, Lee LV, Munoz EL, et al. Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia in X-linked recessive dystonia-parkinsonism. Ann Neurol 2005;58:7-17.
    • (2005) Ann Neurol , vol.58 , pp. 7-17
    • Goto, S.1    Lee, L.V.2    Munoz, E.L.3
  • 91
    • 18844471416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo positron emission tomographic evidence for compensatory changes in presynaptic dopaminergic nerve terminals in Parkinson's disease
    • Lee CS, Samii A, Sossi V, et al. In vivo positron emission tomographic evidence for compensatory changes in presynaptic dopaminergic nerve terminals in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 2000;47:493-503.
    • (2000) Ann Neurol , vol.47 , pp. 493-503
    • Lee, C.S.1    Samii, A.2    Sossi, V.3
  • 92
    • 50449101430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential involvement of striosome and matrix dopamine systems in a transgenic model of dopa-responsive dystonia
    • Sato K, Sumi-Ichinose C, Kaji R, et al. Differential involvement of striosome and matrix dopamine systems in a transgenic model of dopa-responsive dystonia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008;105:12551-12556.
    • (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.105 , pp. 12551-12556
    • Sato, K.1    Sumi-Ichinose, C.2    Kaji, R.3
  • 93
    • 79952695634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hereditary dystonia as a neurodevelopmental circuit disorder: Evidence from neuroimaging
    • Niethammer M, Carbon M, Argyelan M, Eidelberg D. Hereditary dystonia as a neurodevelopmental circuit disorder: Evidence from neuroimaging. Neurobiol Dis 2011;42:202-209.
    • (2011) Neurobiol Dis , vol.42 , pp. 202-209
    • Niethammer, M.1    Carbon, M.2    Argyelan, M.3    Eidelberg, D.4
  • 94
    • 3843067672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microstructural white matter changes in carriers of the DYT1 gene mutation
    • Carbon M, Kingsley PB, Su S, et al. Microstructural white matter changes in carriers of the DYT1 gene mutation. Ann Neurol 2004;56:283-286.
    • (2004) Ann Neurol , vol.56 , pp. 283-286
    • Carbon, M.1    Kingsley, P.B.2    Su, S.3
  • 97
    • 68549092937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebellothalamocortical connectivity regulates penetrance in dystonia
    • Argyelan M, Carbon M, Niethammer M, et al. Cerebellothalamocortical connectivity regulates penetrance in dystonia. J Neurosci 2009;29:9740-9747.
    • (2009) J Neurosci , vol.29 , pp. 9740-9747
    • Argyelan, M.1    Carbon, M.2    Niethammer, M.3
  • 98
    • 0031715164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional brain networks in movement disorders
    • Eidelberg D. Functional brain networks in movement disorders. Curr Opin Neurol 1998;11:319-326.
    • (1998) Curr Opin Neurol , vol.11 , pp. 319-326
    • Eidelberg, D.1
  • 99
    • 0027251669 scopus 로고
    • Cerebellectomy eliminates the motor syndrome of the genetically dystonic rat
    • LeDoux MS, Lorden JF, Ervin JM. Cerebellectomy eliminates the motor syndrome of the genetically dystonic rat. Exp Neurol 1993;120:302-310.
    • (1993) Exp Neurol , vol.120 , pp. 302-310
    • LeDoux, M.S.1    Lorden, J.F.2    Ervin, J.M.3
  • 100
    • 0032710832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tottering mouse motor dysfunction is abolished on the Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd) mutant background
    • Campbell DB, North JB, Hess EJ. Tottering mouse motor dysfunction is abolished on the Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd) mutant background. Exp Neurol 1999;160:268-278.
    • (1999) Exp Neurol , vol.160 , pp. 268-278
    • Campbell, D.B.1    North, J.B.2    Hess, E.J.3
  • 102
    • 77957021481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cerebellum and basal ganglia are interconnected
    • Bostan AC, Strick PL. The cerebellum and basal ganglia are interconnected. Neuropsychol Rev 2010;20:261-270.
    • (2010) Neuropsychol Rev , vol.20 , pp. 261-270
    • Bostan, A.C.1    Strick, P.L.2
  • 105
    • 50849128824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The basal ganglia and cerebellum interact in the expression of dystonic movement
    • Neychev VK, Fan X, Mitev VI, Hess EJ, Jinnah HA. The basal ganglia and cerebellum interact in the expression of dystonic movement. Brain 2008;131:2499-2509.
    • (2008) Brain , vol.131 , pp. 2499-2509
    • Neychev, V.K.1    Fan, X.2    Mitev, V.I.3    Hess, E.J.4    Jinnah, H.A.5
  • 108
    • 21744433392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of motor cortex excitability by sustained peripheral stimulation: the interaction between the motor cortex and the cerebellum
    • Luft AR, Manto MU, Ben Taib NO. Modulation of motor cortex excitability by sustained peripheral stimulation: the interaction between the motor cortex and the cerebellum. Cerebellum 2005;4:90-96.
    • (2005) Cerebellum , vol.4 , pp. 90-96
    • Luft, A.R.1    Manto, M.U.2    Ben Taib, N.O.3
  • 109
    • 16844378042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cerebellum modulates rodent cortical motor output after repetitive somatosensory stimulation
    • discussion 811-820
    • Oulad Ben Taib N, Manto M, Laute MA, Brotchi J. The cerebellum modulates rodent cortical motor output after repetitive somatosensory stimulation. Neurosurgery 2005;56:811-820; discussion 811-820.
    • (2005) Neurosurgery , vol.56 , pp. 811-820
    • Oulad Ben Taib, N.1    Manto, M.2    Laute, M.A.3    Brotchi, J.4
  • 111
    • 0035053695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional changes of the primary somatosensory cortex in patients with unilateral cerebellar lesions
    • Restuccia D, Valeriani M, Barba C, et al. Functional changes of the primary somatosensory cortex in patients with unilateral cerebellar lesions. Brain 2001;124:757-768.
    • (2001) Brain , vol.124 , pp. 757-768
    • Restuccia, D.1    Valeriani, M.2    Barba, C.3
  • 113
    • 54149090001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in intracortical circuits of the human motor cortex following theta burst stimulation of the lateral cerebellum
    • Koch G, Mori F, Marconi B, et al. Changes in intracortical circuits of the human motor cortex following theta burst stimulation of the lateral cerebellum. Clin Neurophysiol 2008;119:2559-2569.
    • (2008) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.119 , pp. 2559-2569
    • Koch, G.1    Mori, F.2    Marconi, B.3
  • 114
    • 33749671346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of writer's cramp
    • Hallett M. Pathophysiology of writer's cramp. Hum Mov Sci 2006;25:454-463.
    • (2006) Hum Mov Sci , vol.25 , pp. 454-463
    • Hallett, M.1
  • 115
    • 64649095596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathophysiology of focal hand dystonia
    • quiz 114
    • Lin PT, Hallett M. The pathophysiology of focal hand dystonia. J Hand Ther 2009;22:109-113; quiz 114.
    • (2009) J Hand Ther , vol.22 , pp. 109-113
    • Lin, P.T.1    Hallett, M.2
  • 116
    • 0038123157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired sequence learning in carriers of the DYT1 dystonia mutation
    • Ghilardi MF, Carbon M, Silvestri G, et al. Impaired sequence learning in carriers of the DYT1 dystonia mutation. Ann Neurol 2003;54:102-109.
    • (2003) Ann Neurol , vol.54 , pp. 102-109
    • Ghilardi, M.F.1    Carbon, M.2    Silvestri, G.3
  • 117
    • 0344255694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systems-level studies of movement disorders in dystonia and Parkinson's disease
    • Rothwell JC, Huang YZ. Systems-level studies of movement disorders in dystonia and Parkinson's disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2003;13:691-695.
    • (2003) Curr Opin Neurobiol , vol.13 , pp. 691-695
    • Rothwell, J.C.1    Huang, Y.Z.2
  • 118
    • 33645963751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Task-specific hand dystonia: can too much plasticity be bad for you?
    • Quartarone A, Siebner HR, Rothwell JC. Task-specific hand dystonia: can too much plasticity be bad for you? Trend Neurosci 2006;29:192-199.
    • (2006) Trend Neurosci , vol.29 , pp. 192-199
    • Quartarone, A.1    Siebner, H.R.2    Rothwell, J.C.3
  • 119
    • 50449088184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal plasticity of sensorimotor circuits extends beyond the affected body part in focal dystonia
    • Quartarone A, Morgante F, Sant'angelo A, et al. Abnormal plasticity of sensorimotor circuits extends beyond the affected body part in focal dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2008;79:985-990.
    • (2008) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.79 , pp. 985-990
    • Quartarone, A.1    Morgante, F.2    Sant'angelo, A.3
  • 122
    • 84860994467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebellar modulation of human associative plasticity
    • Hamada M, Strigaro G, Murase N, et al. Cerebellar modulation of human associative plasticity. J Physiol 2012;590:2365-2374.
    • (2012) J Physiol , vol.590 , pp. 2365-2374
    • Hamada, M.1    Strigaro, G.2    Murase, N.3
  • 123
    • 84872348132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebellar processing of sensory inputs primes motor cortex plasticity
    • Popa T, Velayudhan B, Hubsch C, et al. Cerebellar processing of sensory inputs primes motor cortex plasticity. Cereb Cortex 2013;23:305-314.
    • (2013) Cereb Cortex , vol.23 , pp. 305-314
    • Popa, T.1    Velayudhan, B.2    Hubsch, C.3
  • 124
    • 68149126428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebellar magnetic stimulation decreases levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson disease
    • Koch G, Brusa L, Carrillo F, et al. Cerebellar magnetic stimulation decreases levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson disease. Neurology 2009;73:113-119.
    • (2009) Neurology , vol.73 , pp. 113-119
    • Koch, G.1    Brusa, L.2    Carrillo, F.3
  • 125
    • 84655169157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic changes induced by theta burst stimulation of the cerebellum in dyskinetic Parkinson's disease patients
    • Brusa L, Ceravolo R, Kiferle L, et al. Metabolic changes induced by theta burst stimulation of the cerebellum in dyskinetic Parkinson's disease patients. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2011;18:59-62.
    • (2011) Parkinsonism Relat Disord , vol.18 , pp. 59-62
    • Brusa, L.1    Ceravolo, R.2    Kiferle, L.3
  • 126
    • 79952500499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pallidal dysfunction drives a cerebellothalamic circuit into Parkinson tremor
    • Helmich RC, Janssen MJ, Oyen WJ, Bloem BR, Toni I. Pallidal dysfunction drives a cerebellothalamic circuit into Parkinson tremor. Ann Neurol 2011;69:269-281.
    • (2011) Ann Neurol , vol.69 , pp. 269-281
    • Helmich, R.C.1    Janssen, M.J.2    Oyen, W.J.3    Bloem, B.R.4    Toni, I.5
  • 127
    • 84883531069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebellar sensory processing alterations impact motor cortical plasticity in Parkinson's Disease: clues from dyskinetic patients
    • press. [Epub 2013 Mar 27; DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht058]
    • Kishore A, Popa T, Balachandran A, et al. Cerebellar sensory processing alterations impact motor cortical plasticity in Parkinson's Disease: clues from dyskinetic patients. Cereb Cortex (in press). [Epub 2013 Mar 27; DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht058]
    • Cereb Cortex
    • Kishore, A.1    Popa, T.2    Balachandran, A.3
  • 128
    • 84874861183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cerebellum in Parkinson's disease
    • Wu T, Hallett M. The cerebellum in Parkinson's disease. Brain 2013;136(Pt 3):696-709.
    • (2013) Brain , vol.136 , Issue.PART 3 , pp. 696-709
    • Wu, T.1    Hallett, M.2
  • 129
    • 84859213881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasticity in gray and white: neuroimaging changes in brain structure during learning
    • Zatorre RJ, Fields RD, Johansen-Berg H. Plasticity in gray and white: neuroimaging changes in brain structure during learning. Nat Neurosci 2012;15:528-536.
    • (2012) Nat Neurosci , vol.15 , pp. 528-536
    • Zatorre, R.J.1    Fields, R.D.2    Johansen-Berg, H.3
  • 130
    • 25444503222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endophenotyping: a window to the pathophysiology of dystonia
    • Meunier S, Hallett M. Endophenotyping: a window to the pathophysiology of dystonia. Neurology 2005;65:792-793.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.65 , pp. 792-793
    • Meunier, S.1    Hallett, M.2
  • 131
    • 71549121720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal discrimination threshold: VBM evidence for an endophenotype in adult onset primary torsion dystonia
    • Bradley D, Whelan R, Walsh R, et al. Temporal discrimination threshold: VBM evidence for an endophenotype in adult onset primary torsion dystonia. Brain 2009;132:2327-2335.
    • (2009) Brain , vol.132 , pp. 2327-2335
    • Bradley, D.1    Whelan, R.2    Walsh, R.3
  • 132
    • 1942473778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional metabolism in primary torsion dystonia: effects of penetrance and genotype
    • Carbon M, Su S, Dhawan V, Raymond D, Bressman S, Eidelberg D. Regional metabolism in primary torsion dystonia: effects of penetrance and genotype. Neurology 2004;62:1384-1390.
    • (2004) Neurology , vol.62 , pp. 1384-1390
    • Carbon, M.1    Su, S.2    Dhawan, V.3    Raymond, D.4    Bressman, S.5    Eidelberg, D.6
  • 133
    • 12544260182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased striatal D2 receptor binding in non-manifesting carriers of the DYT1 dystonia mutation
    • Asanuma K, Ma Y, Okulski J, et al. Decreased striatal D2 receptor binding in non-manifesting carriers of the DYT1 dystonia mutation. Neurology 2005;64:347-349.
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.64 , pp. 347-349
    • Asanuma, K.1    Ma, Y.2    Okulski, J.3
  • 135
    • 79958729431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence of incomplete maternal imprinting in myoclonus-dystonia
    • Beukers RJ, Foncke EM, van der Meer JN, Veltman DJ, Tijssen MA. Functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence of incomplete maternal imprinting in myoclonus-dystonia. Arch Neurol 2011;68:802-805.
    • (2011) Arch Neurol , vol.68 , pp. 802-805
    • Beukers, R.J.1    Foncke, E.M.2    van der Meer, J.N.3    Veltman, D.J.4    Tijssen, M.A.5
  • 136
    • 79957458673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired sequence learning in dystonia mutation carriers: a genotypic effect
    • Carbon M, Argyelan M, Ghilardi MF, et al. Impaired sequence learning in dystonia mutation carriers: a genotypic effect. Brain 2011;134:1416-1427.
    • (2011) Brain , vol.134 , pp. 1416-1427
    • Carbon, M.1    Argyelan, M.2    Ghilardi, M.F.3
  • 137
    • 37549018418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased cerebellar activation during sequence learning in DYT1 carriers: an equiperformance study
    • Carbon M, Ghilardi MF, Argyelan M, Dhawan V, Bressman SB, Eidelberg D. Increased cerebellar activation during sequence learning in DYT1 carriers: an equiperformance study. Brain 2008;131:146-154.
    • (2008) Brain , vol.131 , pp. 146-154
    • Carbon, M.1    Ghilardi, M.F.2    Argyelan, M.3    Dhawan, V.4    Bressman, S.B.5    Eidelberg, D.6
  • 138
    • 0037740009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal processing of visuotactile and tactile stimuli in writer's cramp
    • Fiorio M, Tinazzi M, Bertolasi L, Aglioti SM. Temporal processing of visuotactile and tactile stimuli in writer's cramp. Ann Neurol 2003;53:630-635.
    • (2003) Ann Neurol , vol.53 , pp. 630-635
    • Fiorio, M.1    Tinazzi, M.2    Bertolasi, L.3    Aglioti, S.M.4
  • 139
    • 30344469044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silent event-related fMRI reveals deficient motor and enhanced somatosensory activation in orofacial dystonia
    • Dresel C, Haslinger B, Castrop F, Wohlschlaeger AM, Ceballos-Baumann AO. Silent event-related fMRI reveals deficient motor and enhanced somatosensory activation in orofacial dystonia. Brain 2006;129:36-46.
    • (2006) Brain , vol.129 , pp. 36-46
    • Dresel, C.1    Haslinger, B.2    Castrop, F.3    Wohlschlaeger, A.M.4    Ceballos-Baumann, A.O.5
  • 140
    • 84866622782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced parietal connectivity with a premotor writing area in writer's cramp
    • Delnooz CC, Helmich RC, Toni I, van de Warrenburg BP. Reduced parietal connectivity with a premotor writing area in writer's cramp. Mov Disord 2012;27:1425-1431.
    • (2012) Mov Disord , vol.27 , pp. 1425-1431
    • Delnooz, C.C.1    Helmich, R.C.2    Toni, I.3    van de Warrenburg, B.P.4
  • 142
    • 0033933649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Voxel-based morphometry-the methods
    • Ashburner J, Friston KJ. Voxel-based morphometry-the methods. Neuroimage 2000;11:805-821.
    • (2000) Neuroimage , vol.11 , pp. 805-821
    • Ashburner, J.1    Friston, K.J.2
  • 145
    • 79952705538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional specificity of MRI contrast parameter changes in normal ageing revealed by voxel-based quantification (VBQ)
    • Draganski B, Ashburner J, Hutton C, et al. Regional specificity of MRI contrast parameter changes in normal ageing revealed by voxel-based quantification (VBQ). Neuroimage 2011;55:1423-1434.
    • (2011) Neuroimage , vol.55 , pp. 1423-1434
    • Draganski, B.1    Ashburner, J.2    Hutton, C.3
  • 146
    • 0032787591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring in vivo myelination of human white matter fiber tracts with magnetization transfer MR
    • Rademacher J, Engelbrecht V, Burgel U, Freund H, Zilles K. Measuring in vivo myelination of human white matter fiber tracts with magnetization transfer MR. Neuroimage 1999;9:393-406.
    • (1999) Neuroimage , vol.9 , pp. 393-406
    • Rademacher, J.1    Engelbrecht, V.2    Burgel, U.3    Freund, H.4    Zilles, K.5
  • 147
    • 0032724612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal loss in multiple sclerosis lesions: magnetic resonance imaging insights into substrates of disability
    • van Waesberghe JH, Kamphorst W, De Groot CJ, et al. Axonal loss in multiple sclerosis lesions: magnetic resonance imaging insights into substrates of disability. Ann Neurol 1999;46:747-754.
    • (1999) Ann Neurol , vol.46 , pp. 747-754
    • van Waesberghe, J.H.1    Kamphorst, W.2    De Groot, C.J.3
  • 148
    • 0038042125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Looking into the functional architecture of the brain with diffusion MRI
    • Le Bihan D. Looking into the functional architecture of the brain with diffusion MRI. Nat Rev 2003;4:469-480.
    • (2003) Nat Rev , vol.4 , pp. 469-480
    • Le Bihan, D.1
  • 149
    • 34247516561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The "wet mind": water and functional neuroimaging
    • Le Bihan D. The "wet mind": water and functional neuroimaging. Phys Med Biol 2007;52:R57-R90.
    • (2007) Phys Med Biol , vol.52
    • Le Bihan, D.1
  • 150
    • 75749104156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo diffusion tensor imaging and histopathology of the fimbria-fornix in temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Concha L, Livy DJ, Beaulieu C, Wheatley BM, Gross DW. In vivo diffusion tensor imaging and histopathology of the fimbria-fornix in temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neurosci 2010;30:996-1002.
    • (2010) J Neurosci , vol.30 , pp. 996-1002
    • Concha, L.1    Livy, D.J.2    Beaulieu, C.3    Wheatley, B.M.4    Gross, D.W.5
  • 151
    • 0037058985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance microimaging of intraaxonal water diffusion in live excised lamprey spinal cord
    • Takahashi M, Hackney DB, Zhang G, et al. Magnetic resonance microimaging of intraaxonal water diffusion in live excised lamprey spinal cord. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002;99:16192-16196.
    • (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.99 , pp. 16192-16196
    • Takahashi, M.1    Hackney, D.B.2    Zhang, G.3
  • 152
    • 66549124324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo measurement of axon diameter distribution in the corpus callosum of rat brain
    • Barazany D, Basser PJ, Assaf Y. In vivo measurement of axon diameter distribution in the corpus callosum of rat brain. Brain 2009;132:1210-1220.
    • (2009) Brain , vol.132 , pp. 1210-1220
    • Barazany, D.1    Basser, P.J.2    Assaf, Y.3
  • 153
    • 78650283593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maze training in mice induces MRI-detectable brain shape changes specific to the type of learning
    • Lerch JP, Yiu AP, Martinez-Canabal A, et al. Maze training in mice induces MRI-detectable brain shape changes specific to the type of learning. Neuroimage 2011;54:2086-2095.
    • (2011) Neuroimage , vol.54 , pp. 2086-2095
    • Lerch, J.P.1    Yiu, A.P.2    Martinez-Canabal, A.3
  • 154
    • 79955633670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebellothalamocortical pathway abnormalities in torsinA DYT1 knock-in mice
    • Ulug AM, Vo A, Argyelan M, et al. Cerebellothalamocortical pathway abnormalities in torsinA DYT1 knock-in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011;108:6638-6643.
    • (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.108 , pp. 6638-6643
    • Ulug, A.M.1    Vo, A.2    Argyelan, M.3
  • 155
    • 79953840883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatosensory cortical remodelling after rehabilitation and clinical benefit of in writer's cramp
    • Bleton JP, Vidailhet M, Bourdain F, et al. Somatosensory cortical remodelling after rehabilitation and clinical benefit of in writer's cramp. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2010;82:574-577.
    • (2010) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.82 , pp. 574-577
    • Bleton, J.P.1    Vidailhet, M.2    Bourdain, F.3
  • 156
    • 79960645632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin modulates basal ganglia but not deficient somatosensory activation in orofacial dystonia
    • Dresel C, Bayer F, Castrop F, Rimpau C, Zimmer C, Haslinger B. Botulinum toxin modulates basal ganglia but not deficient somatosensory activation in orofacial dystonia. Mov Disord 2011;26:1496-1502.
    • (2011) Mov Disord , vol.26 , pp. 1496-1502
    • Dresel, C.1    Bayer, F.2    Castrop, F.3    Rimpau, C.4    Zimmer, C.5    Haslinger, B.6
  • 158
    • 84856414697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: a review of papers published since its inception
    • Weiner MW, Veitch DP, Aisen PS, et al. The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: a review of papers published since its inception. Alzheimers Dement 2012;8:S1-S68.
    • (2012) Alzheimers Dement , vol.8
    • Weiner, M.W.1    Veitch, D.P.2    Aisen, P.S.3
  • 159
    • 16344364335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The metabolic pathology of dopa-responsive dystonia
    • Asanuma K, Ma Y, Huang C, et al. The metabolic pathology of dopa-responsive dystonia. Ann Neurol 2005;57:596-600.
    • (2005) Ann Neurol , vol.57 , pp. 596-600
    • Asanuma, K.1    Ma, Y.2    Huang, C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.