Cadmium, copper, sodium and zinc effects on diatoms: From heaven to hell-a review

Cryptogamie, Algologie

Volumn 34, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 185-225

  Masmoudi, Salma ^a,b   Nguyen Deroche, Nhung ^b   Caruso, Aurore ^b   Ayadi, Habib ^a   Morant Manceau, Annick ^b   Tremblin, Gérard ^b   Martine, ^c   Schoefs, Benoît ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SFAX   (Tunisia)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DU MAINE   (France)

^c Metals and Toxicity   (France)

Author keywords

defence mechanisms; Diatoms; metals; photosynthesis; salt; stress

Indexed keywords

EID: 84880102271     PISSN: 01811568     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7872/crya.v34.iss2.2013.185     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (255)

1. ABID O., SELLAMI-KAMMOUN A., AYADI H., DRIRA Z., BOUAIN A. & ALEYA L., 2008-Biochemical adaptation of phytoplankton to salinity and nutrient gradients in a coastal solar saltern, Tunisia. Estuarine, coastal and shelf science 80: 391-400.
2. ADSHEAD-SIMONSEN P., MURRAY G.E.D. & KUSHNER D.J., 1981-Morphological changes in the diatom, Tabellaria occulosa, induced by very low concentration of cadmium. Bulletim of environmental contamination and toxicology 26: 745-748.
3. ALLEN A.E., LAROCHE J., MAHESWARI U., LOMMER M., SCHAUER N., LOPEZ P.J., FINAZZI G., FERNIE A.R. & BOWLER C., 2008-Whole-cell response of the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum to iron starvation. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the United States of America 105: 10438-10443.
4. ANONYMOUS, 2011-2011 update of ambient water quality criteria for cadmium. Washington, D.C., United States Office of Water EPA-822-R-01-001 Environmental Protection Agency 4304.
5. APEL K. & HIRT H., 2004-Reactive oxygen species: metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction. Annual review of plant biology 55: 373-399.
6. ARMBRUST A.E., BERGES J.A., BOWLER C., GREEN B.R., MARTINEZ D., PUTNAM N.H., ZHOU S., ALLEN A.E, APT K.E., BECHNER M., BRZEZINSKI M.A., CHAAL B.K., CHIOVITTI A., DAVIS A.K., DEMAREST M.S., DETTER J.C., GLAVINA T., GOODSTEIN D., HADI M.Z., HELLSTEN U., HILDEBRAND M., JENKINS B.D., JURKA J., KAPITONOV V.V., KROGER N., LAU W.W.Y., LANE T.W., LARIMER F.W., LIPPMEIER J.C., LUCAS S., MEDINA M., MONTSANT A., OBORNIK M., SCHNITZLER PARKER M., PALENIK B., PAZOUR G.J., RICHARDSON P.M., RYNEARSON T.A., SAITO M.A., SCHWARTZ D.C., THAMATRAKOLN K., VALENTIN K., VARDI A., WILKERSON F.P. & ROKHSAR D.S., 2004-The genome of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana: ecology, evolution, and metabolism. Science 306:79-86.
7. ARMBRUST E.V., 2009-The life of diatoms in the world's oceans. Nature 459:185-92.
8. ARCHER D.E & JOHNSON K., 2000-A model of the iron cycle in the ocean. Global biogeochemical cycles 14: 269-279.
9. ARKAS M. & TSIOURVAS D., 2009-Organic/inorganic nanospheres based on hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) encapsulated into silica for the sorption of toxic metal ions and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water. Journal of hazardous materials 170: 35-42.
10. ASADA K., KANEMATSU K. & UCHIDA K., 1977-Superoxide dismutases in photosynthetic organisms: absence of the cuprozinc enzyme in eukaryotic algae. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 139: 243-256.
11. ATKINS C.A., PATTERSON B.D. & GRAHAM, D., 1972-Plant carbonic anhydrases. II Preparation and some properties of monocotyledon and dicotyledon enzyme types. Plant physiology 5: 218-223.
12. AYADI H., ABID O., ELLOUMI J., BOUAN A. & SIME-NGANDO T., 2004-Structure of the phytoplankton communities in two lagoons of different salinity in the Sfax saltern (Tunisia). Journal of plankton research 26: 669-679.
13. BARBER H.G. & CARTER J.R., 1981-Observations on some deformities found in British diatoms. Microscopy 34: 214-226.
14. BALZANO S., SARNO D. & KOOISTRA W.C.F., 2011-Effects of salinity on the growth rate and morphology of ten Skeletonema strains. Journal of plankton research 33: 937-945.
15. BEHRENFELD M.J., BALE A.J., KOLBER Z.S., AIKEN J. & FALKOWSKI P.G., 1996-Confirmation of iron limitation of phytoplankton photosynthesis in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature 383: 508-511.
16. BEHRENFELD M.J. & KOLBER Z.S., 1999-Widespread iron limitation of phytoplankton in the South Pacific Ocean. Science 283: 840-843.
17. BELLINGER B.J., ABDULLAHI A.S., GRETZ M.R. & UNDERWOOD G.J.C., 2005-Biofilm polymers: relationship between carbohydrate biopolymers from estuarine mudflats and unialgal cultures of benthic diatoms. Aquatic microbial ecology 38: 169-180.
18. BERGES J.A., 1997-Algal nitrate reductases. European journal of phycology 32: 3-8.
19. BERTRAND M., 2010-Carotenoid biosynthesis in diatoms. Photosynthesis research 106: 89-102.
20. BERTRAND M. & POIRIER I., 2005-Photosynthetic organisms and excess of metals. Photosynthetica 43: 345-353.
21. BERTRAND M., SCHOEFS B., SIFFEL P., ROHACEK K. & MOLNAR I., 2001-Cadmium inhibits epoxidation of diatoxanthin to diadinoxanthin in the xanthophyll cycle of the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. FEBS letters 508: 153-156.
22. BHATTACHARYYA P. & VOLCANI B. E., 1980-Sodium-dependent silicate transport in the apochlorotic marine diatom Nitzschia alba. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the Unites States of America 77: 6386-6390.
23. BHATTACHARYA D., ARCHIBALD J. M., WEBER A. P. M. & REYES-PRIETO A., 2007-How do endosymbionts become organelles Understanding early events in plastid evolution. BioEssays 29: 1239-1246.
24. BISANZ C., BOTTE C., SAIDANI N., BASTIEN O., CESBRON-DELAUW M.-F. & MARECHAL E., 2008-Structure, function and biogenesis of the secondary plastid of apicomplexan parasites. In: Schoefs B. (ed.), Plant Cell Compartments-Selected Topics. Kerala, India, Research Signpost, pp. 393-424.
25. BOIVIN M.E.Y., GREVE G.D., GARCIA-MEZA J.V., MASSIEUX B., SPRENGER W., KRAAK M.H.S., BREURE A.M., RUTGERS M. & ADMIRAAL W., 2007-Algal-bacterial interactions in metal contaminated floodplain sediments. Environmental pollution 145: 884-894.
26. BOWLER C., ALLEN A.E., BADGER J.H., GRIMWOOD J., JABBARI K., KUO A., MAHESWARI U., MARTENS C., MAUMUS F., OTILLAR R.P., RAYKO E., SALAMOV A., VANDEPOELE K., BESZTERI B., GRUBER A., HEIJDE M., KATINKA M., MOCK T., VALENTIN K., VERRET F., BERGES J.A., BROWNLEE C., CADORET J-P., CHIOVITTI A., CHOI C.J., COESEL S., DE MARTINO A., DETTER J.C., DURKIN C., FALCIATORE A., FOURNET J., HARUTA M., HUYSMAN M.J.J., JENKINS B.D., JIROUTOVA K., JORGENSEN R.E., JOUBERT Y., KAPLAN A., KRGER N., KROTH P.G., LA ROCHE J., LINDQUIST E., LOMMER M., MARTIN-JZQUEL V., LOPEZ P.J., LUCAS S., MANGOGNA M., MCGINNIS K., MEDLIN L.K., MONTSANT A., OUDOT-LE SECQ M-P., NAPOLI C., OBORNIK M., SCHNITZLER PARKER M, PETIT J-L., PORCEL B.M., POULSEN N., ROBISON M., RYCHLEWSKI L., RYNEARSON T.A., SCHMUTZ J., SHAPIRO H., SIAUT M., STANLEY M., SUSSMAN M.R., TAYLOR A.R., VARDI A., VON DASSOW P., VYVERMAN W., WILLIS A., WYRWICZ L.S., ROKHSAR D.S., WEISSENBACH J., ARMBRUST E.V., GREEN B.R., VAN DE PEER Y. & GRIGORIEV 2008-The Phaeodactylum genome reveals the evolutionary history of diatom genomes. Nature 456: 239-244.
27. BOYLAN J.A., HUMMEL C.S., BENOIT S., GARCIA-LARA J., TREGLOWN-DOWNEY J., CRANE E. J. & GHERARDINI F. C., 2006-Borrelia burgdorferi bb0728 encodes a coenzyme A disulphide reductase whose function suggests a role in intracellular redox and the oxidative stress response. Molecular microbiology 59: 475-486.
28. BRADAC P., NAVARRO E., ODZAK N., BEHRA R. & SIGG L., 2009-Kinetics of cadmium accumulation in periphyton under freshwater conditions. Environmental and toxicological chemistry 28: 2108-2116.
29. BRANCO D., LIMA A., ALMEIDA S.F.P. & FIGUEIRA E., 2010-Sensitivity of biochemical markers to evaluate cadmium stress in the freshwater diatom Nitzschia palea (Kutzing) W. Smith. Aquatic toxicology 99: 109-117.
30. BREMBU T., JRSTAD M.,WINGE P., VALLE K.C. & BONES A.M., 2011-Genome-wide profiling of responses to cadmium in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Environmental science & technology 45: 7640-7647.
31. BROWN L.N., ROBINSON M. G. & Hall B.D., 1988-Mechanisms for copper tolerance in Amphora coffeaeformis internal and external binding. Marine biology 97: 581-586.
32. BRUCKNER C.G., BAHULIKAR R., RAHALKAR M., SCHINK B. & KROTH P.G. 2008-Bacteria associated with benthic diatoms from Lake Constance: Phylogeny and influences on diatom growth and secretion of extracellular polymeric substances. Applied and environmental microbiology 74: 7740-7749.
33. CABAJ A. & KOSAKOWSKA A., 2005-The marine diatom Cyclotella meneghiniana Kutzing as a producer of siderophore-like substances. Oceanological and hydrobiological studies 34: 57-72.
34. CAMPBELL P.G.C., 1995-Interactions between trace metals and aquatic organisms: A critique of the free-ion activity model. In: Tessier A. & Turner D.R. (eds). Metal speciation and bioavailability in aquatic systems. New York, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 45-102.
35. CAMPBELL W.H., 1999-Nitrate reductase structure, function and regulation: bridging the gap between biochemistry and physiology. Annual review of plant physiology and plant molecular biology 50: 277-303.
36. CARTER J., 1990-A new Eunotia and its great morphological variations under stress caused by a habitat loaded with cooper salts. In: Ricard M. & Koelts O. (eds), Ouvrage dédié à H. Germain. Koenigstein, pp. 13-17.
37. CATTANEO A., COUILLARD Y., WUNSAM S. & COURCELLES M., 2004-Diatom taxonomic and morphological changes as indicators of metal pollution and recovery in Lac Dufault (Quec, Canada). Journal of paleolimnology 32: 163-175.
38. CHAN C.X., REYES-PRIETO A. & BHATTACHARYA D., 2011-Red and green algal origin of diatom membrane transporters: insights into environmental adaptation and cell evolution. PLoS ONE 6: e29138.
39. CHANROJ S., WANG G., VENEMA K., ZHANG M.W., DELWICHE C.F. & SZE H., 2012-Conserved and diversified gene families of monovalent cation/H+ antiports from algae to flowering plants. Frontiers in plant science 3: 1-18.
40. CHANSON F., CORDONIER A. & NIREL P., 2005-Essai de mise au point d'un indice diatomique pour aluer la pollution mallique des cours d'eau du Genevois (Gene, Suisse). In: Book of abstracts of the 24e colloque de l'association des diatomistes de langue française, p. 37.
41. CHEN, G.Q., JIANG Y. & CHEN F., 2008-Salt-induce alterations in lipid composition of diatom Nitzschia laevis (Bacilllariophyceae) under heterophilc culture condition. Journal of phycology 44: 1309-1314.
42. CID A., HERRERO C., TORRES E. & ABALDE J., 1995-Copper toxicity on the marine microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum: effects on photosynthesis and related parameters. Aquatic toxicology 31: 165-174.
43. CID A., FIDALGO P., HERRERO C. & ABALDE J., 1996-Toxic action of copper on the membrane system of a marine diatom measured by flow cytometry. Cytometry 25: 32-36.
44. CID A., TORRES E., HERRERO C.& ABALDE J., 1997-Disorders provoked by copper in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum in short-time exposure assays. Cahier de biologie marine 38: 201-206.
45. COBBETT C.S., 2000-Phytochelatins and their roles in heavy metal detoxification. Plant physiology 123: 825-832.
46. COHEN C.K., GARVIN D.F. & KOCHIAN L.V., 2004-Kinetic properties of a micronutrient transporter from Pisum sativum indicate a primary function in Fe uptake from the soil. Planta 218: 784-792.
47. COLLARD J.M. & MATAGNE R.F., 1994-Cadmium resistance in wild-type and mutants strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Environmental and experimental botany 34: 235-244.
48. CORCOLL N., BONETA B., MORINB S., TLILI A., LEIRAE M. & GUASCH H., 2012-The effect of metals on photosynthesis processes and diatom metrics of biolm from a metalcontaminated river: A translocation experiment. Ecological indicators 18: 620-631.
49. COX E. H., MCLENDON G.L., MOREL F.M., LANE T.W., PRINCE R.C., PICKERING I.J. & GEORGE G.N., 2000-The active site structure of Thalassiosira weissflogii carbonic anhydrase 1. Biochemistry 39: 12128-12130.
50. DAVIS T.A., VOLESKY B. & MUCCI A., 2003-A review of the biochemistry of heavy metals biosorption by brown algae. Water research 37: 4311-4330.
51. DE BAAR H.J.W., BOYD P.W., COALE K.H., LANDRY M.R., TSUDA A., ASSMY P., BAKKER D.C.E., BOZEC Y., BARBER R.T., BRZEZINSKI M.A., BUESSELER K.O., BOYE M., CROOT P.L., GERVAIS F., GORBUNOV M.Y., HARRISON P.J., HISCOCK W.T., LAAN P., LANCELOT C., LAW C.S., LEVASSEUR M., MARCHETTI A., MILLERO F.J., NISHIOKA J., NOJIRI Y., VAN OIJEN T., RIEBESELL U., RIJKENBERG M.J.A., SAITO H., TAKEDA S., TIMMERMANS K.R., VELDHUIS M.J.W., WAITE A.M. & WONG C-S., 2005-Synthesis of iron fertilization experiments: From the iron age in the age of enlightenment. Journal of geophysical research 110: 1-24.
52. DE STEFANO L., ROTIROTI L., DE STEFANO M., LAMBERTI A., LETTIERI S., SETARO A. & MADDALENA P., 2009-Marine diatoms as optical biosensor. Biosensors & bioelectronics 24: 1580-1584.
53. DENISEGER J., AUSTIN A. & LUCEY W.P., 1968-Periphyton communities in a pristine mountain stream above and below heavy metal mining operations. Freshwater biology 16: 209-218.
54. DESCHAMPS P. & MOREIRA D., 2012-Reevaluating the green contribution to diatom genomes. Genome biology and evolution 4: 795-800.
55. DICKMAN M.D., 1998-Benthic marine diatom deformities associated with contaminated sediments in Hong Kong. Environment international 24: 749-759.
56. DI TORO D.M., ALLEN H.E, BERGMAN H.L., MEYER J.S., PAQUIN P.R. & SANTORE R.C., 2001-Biotic ligand model of the acute toxicity of metals. 1. Technical basis. Environmental and toxicology chemistry 20: 2383-2396.
57. DOAN J.M., SCHOEFS B., RUBAN S. & ETIENNE A.L., 2003-Changes in the LHCI aggregation state during iron repletion in the unicellular red alga Rhodella violacea. FEBS Letters 533: 59-62.
58. DIONISIO-SESE M.L. & MIYACHI S., 1992-The effect of sodium chloride on carbonic anhydrase activity in marine microalgae. Journal of phycology 28: 619-624.
59. DUCE R.A. & TINDALE N.W., 1991-Atmospheric transport of iron and its deposition in the ocean. Limnology and oceanography 36: 1715-1726.
60. ELLOUMI J., CARRIAS J.F., AYADI H., SIME-NGANDO T. & BOUAIÏNA., 2009a-Communities structure of the planktonic halophiles in the solar saltern of Sfax, Tunisia. Estuarine, coastal and shelf science 81: 19-26.
61. ELLOUMI J., GUERMAZI W., AYADI H., BOUAIN A. & ALEYA L., 2009b-Abundance and biomass of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms coupled with environmental factors in an arid multi-pond solar saltern (Sfax, Tunisia). Journal of the marine biological association of the United Kingdom 89: 243-253.
62. ERICKSON S.J., 1972-Toxicity of copper to Thalassiosira pseudonana in un-enriched inshore seawater. Journal of phycology 8: 318-323.
63. ERNST W.H.O. NELISSEN H.J.M. & TEN BOOKUM W.M., 2000-Combination toxicology of metal-enriched soils: physiological responses of a Zn-and Cd-resistant ecotype of Silene vulgaris on polymetallic soils. Environmental and experimental botany 43: 55-71.
64. ETTAJANI H., BERTHET B., AMIARD J.C. & CHEVOLOT L., 2001-Determination of cadmium partitioning in microalgae and oysters: contribution to the assessment of trophic transfer. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 40: 209-221.
65. FALASCO E., FRANCESCA BONA F., BADINO G., HOFFMANN L. & ECTOR L., 2009-Diatom teratological forms and environmental alterations: a review. Hydrobiologia 623: 1-35.
66. FALKOWSKI P., KATZ M.E., KNOLL A.H., QUIGG A., RAVEN, J.A., SCHOFIELD O. & TAYLOR, F.J.R., 2004-The evolution of modern eukaryotic phytoplankton. Science 305: 354-360.
67. FERNANDES J.C. & HENRIQUES F.S., 1991-Biochemical, physiological, and structural effects of excess copper in plants. The botanical review 57: 246-273.
68. FERREIRA DA SILVA E., ALMEIDA S.F.P., NUNES M.L., LUIS A., BORG F., HEDLUND M., MARQUES DE SA C., PATINHA C. & TEIXEIRA P., 2009-Heavy metal pollution downstream the abandoned Coval do Mo mine (Portugal) and associated effects on epiphilic diatom communities. Science of the total environment 407: 5620-5636.
69. FISHER N.S., JONES G.J. & NELSON D.M., 1981-Effects of copper and zinc on growth, morphology, and metabolism of Asterionella japonica (Cleve) 1. Journal of experimental marine biology and ecology 51: 37-56.
70. FOSTER P.L., 1982-Metal resistances of Chlorophyta from rivers polluted by heavy metals. Freshwater biology 12: 41-61.
71. FRENCH M.S. & EVANS L.V., 1988-The effects of copper and zinc on growth of the fouling diatoms Amphora and Amphiprora. Biofouling 1: 3-18.
72. FUJII S., NISHIMOTO N., NOTOYA A. & HELLEBUST J.A. 1995-Growth and osmoregulation of Chaetoceros muelleri in relation to salinity. Plant and cell physiology 36:759-764.
73. GAGNEUX-MOREAUX S., COSSON R.P., BUSTAMANTE P. & MOREAU C., 2006-Growth and metal uptake of microalgae produced using salt ground waters from the Bay of Bourgneuf. Aquatic living resource 19: 247-255.
74. GARZA-SÁNCHEZ F., CHAPMAN D.J. & COOPER J.B., 2009-Nitzschia ovalis (Bacillariophyceae) mono lake strain accumulates 1,4/2,5 Cyclohexanetetrol in reponse to increased salinity. Journal of phycology 45(2): 395-403.
75. GILLAN F.T., FISHER N.S. & JOHNS R.B., 1983-The effects of copper and zinc on the fatty acids and caretonoids in the marine diatom Asterionella japonica. Botanica marina 26: 255-257.
76. GOENRICH M., BARTOSCHEK S., HAGEMEIER C.H., GRIESINGER C. & VORHOLT J.A., 2002-A glutathione-dependent formaldehyde-activating enzyme (Gfa) from Paracoccus denitrificans detected and purified via two dimensional proton exchange NMR spectroscopy. Journal of biological chemistry 277: 3069-3072.
77. GOLD C., FEURTET-MAZEL A., COSTE M. & BOUDOU A., 2003-Impacts of Cd and Zn on the development of periphytic diatom communities in articial streams located along a river pollution gradient. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 44: 189-197.
78. GRANUM E., RAVEN J.A. & LEEGOOD R.C., 2005-How do marine diatoms fix 10 billion tons of inorganic carbon per year Canadian journal of botany 83: 898-908.
79. GRILL E., WINNACKER E.L. & ZENK M.H., 1985-Phytochelatins: the principal heavy-metal complexing peptides of higher plants. Science 230: 674-676.
80. GROUNEVA I. ROKKA A. & ARO E.M., 2011-The thylakoid membrane proteome of two marine diatoms outlines both diatom-specific and species-specific features of the photosynthetic machinery. Proteome research 10: 5338-5353.
81. GUASCH H., LEIRA, M., MONTUELLE, B., GEISZINGER, A., ROULIER, J.L., TORNÉS, E. & SERRA A., 2009-Use of multivariate analyses to investigate the contribution of metal pollution to diatom species composition: search for the most appropriate cases and explanatory variables. Hydrobiologia 627: 143-158.
82. GUILLARD R.R.L. & MYKLESTAD S., 1970-Osmotic and ionic requirements of the marine centric diatom Cyclotella nana. Helgoländer wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen. 20: 104-110.
83. HALL J.L. & WILLIAMS L.E., 2003-Transition metal transporters in plants. Journal of experimental botany 54: 2601-2613.
84. HANIKENNE M., TALKE I.N., HAYDON M.J., LANZ C., NOLTE A., MOTTE P., KROYMANN J., WEIGEL D. & KRAMER U., 2008-Evolution of metal hyperaccumulation required cis-regulatory changes and triplication of HMA4. Nature 453: 391-395.
85. HANSCH R. & MENDEL R.R., 2009-Physiological functions of mineral micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ni, Mo, B, Cl). Current opinion in plant biology 12: 259-266.
86. HARDING J.P.C. & WHITTON B.A., 1976-Resistance to zinc of Stigeoclonium tenue in the field and the laboratory. British phycology journal 11: 417-426.
87. HARMS N., RAS J., REIJNDERS W.N., VAN SPANNING R.J. & STOUTHAMER A.H., 1996-S-Formylglutathione hydrolase of Paracoccus denitrificans is homologous to human esterase D: an universal pathway for formaldehyde detoxification Journal of bacteriology 178: 6296-6299.
88. HATTORI-SAITO A., NISHIOTA J., ONO T., McKAY M.L. & SUZUKI K., 2010-Iron deficiency in micro-sized diatoms in the Oyashio region of the Western Subartic Pacific during Spring. Journal of oceanography 66: 105-155.
89. HEISKANEN A-S. & KECK A., 1996-Distribution and sinking rates of phytoplankton, detritus and particulate biogenic silica in the Laptev Sea and Lena river (Artic Siberia). Marine chemistry 53: 229-245.
90. HELLEBUST J.A., 1978-Uptake of organic substrates by Cyclotella cryptica (Bacillariophyceae): Effects of ions, inophores and metabolic and transport inhibitors. Journal of phycology 14: 79-83.
91. HELLEBUST J.A., 1985-A comparative study of sodium and osmotic requirements for growth and nutrient uptake of two related green flagellates, Dunaliella tertiolecta and Chlamydomonas pulsatilla. Archives of microbiology 143: 11-14.
92. HOPKINSON B.M. & MOREL F.M.M., 2009-The role of siderophore in iron acquisition by photosynthetic marine organisms. Biometals 22: 659-669.
93. HORVATIC J. & PERSIC V., 2007-The effect of Ni2+, Co2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ on the growth rate of marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum bohlin: Microplate growth inhibition test. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 79: 494-498.
94. IANORA A. & MIRALTO A., 2010-Toxigenic effects of diatoms on grazers, phytoplankton and other microbes: a review. Ecotoxicology 19:493-511.
95. IMBER B.E., ROBINSON M.G., ORTEGA A.M. & BURTON J.D., 1985-Complexation of zinc by exudates from Skeletonema costatum grown in culture. Marine chemistry 16: 131-139.
96. INNOCENTI A., VULLO D., SCOZZAFAVA A. & SUPURAN C.T., 2005-Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of isozymes I, II, IV, V, and IX with anions isosteric and isoelectronic with sulfate, nitrate, and carbonate. Bioorganic medical chemistry letters 15: 567-571.
97. INOUHE M., 2005-Phytochelatins. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 17: 65-78.
98. JACKSON A.E., AYER S.W. & LAYCOCK M.V., 1992-The effect of salinity on growth and amino acid composition in the marine diatom Nitzschia pungens. Revue canadienne de botanique 70(11): 2198-2201.
99. JAHNS.P. & HOLZWARTH A.R., 2012-The role of the xanthophyll cycle and of lutein in photoprotection of photosystem II. Biochimica et biophysica acta 1817: 182-193.
100. JOHNSON H.L., STAUBER J.L., ADAMS M.S. & JOLLEY D.F., 2007-Copper and zinc tolerance of two tropical microalgae after copper acclimation. Environmental toxicology 22(3): 234-44.
101. JICKELLS T.D. & BURTON J.D., 1988-Cobalt, copper, manganese, and nickel in the Sargasso sea. Marine chemistry 23: 131-144.
102. JICKELLS T.D., ANDERSEN Z.S., BAKER K.K., BERGAMETTI A.R., BROOKS N., CAO J.J., BOYD P.W., DUCE R.A., HUNTER K.A., KAWAHATA H., KUBILAY N., LA ROCHE J., LISS P.S., MAHOWALD N., PROSPERO J.M., RIDGWELL A.J., TEGEN I. & TORRES R., 2005-Global iron connections between aerosols, ocean biogeochemistry and climate. Science 308: 67-71.
103. KAKU N., HIBINO T. & TANAKA Y. 2000-Effects of Overexpression of Escherichia coli katE and bet Genes on the Tolerance for Salt Stress in a Freshwater Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. Plant science. 159: 281-288.
104. KARTHIKEYAN P., JAYASUDHA S., MANIMARAN K., SAMPATHKUMAR P. & SURIYA S., 2011-Effect of cadmium on marine diatom, Chaetoceros curvisetus with different ambient iron concentrations. Asian journal of biochemical and pharmaceutical research 2: 240-248.
105. KARANDASHOVA I.V. & ELANSKAYA, I.V., 2005-Genetic Control and Mechanisms of Salt and Hyperosmotic Stress Resistance in Cyanobacteria. Russian journal of genetics. 41: 1311-1321.
106. KATZ A., PICK U. & AVRON M., 1989-Characterization and reconstitution of the Na+/H+ antiport from plasma membrane of the halotolerant alga Dunaliella. Biochimica et biophysica acta 983: 9-14.
107. KAWAKAMI S. K., GLEDHILL M. & ACHTERBERG E.P., 2006a-Effects of metal combinations on the production of phytochelatins and glutathione by the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. BioMetals 19: 51-60.
108. KAWAKAMI S.K., GLEDHILL M. & ACHTERBERG E.P., 2006b-Production of phytochelatins and glutathione by marine phytoplankton in response to metal stress. Journal of phycology 42: 975-989.
109. KELLY M.G. & WHITTON B.A., 1989-Relationship between accumulation and toxicity of zinc in Stigeoclonium (Chaetophorales, Chlorophyta). Phycologia 28: 512-517.
110. KINRAIDE T.B., 2009-Improved scales for metal ion softness and toxicity. Environmental and toxicological chemistry 28: 525-533.
111. KOCSY G., SZALAI G. & GALIBA G., 2004-Effect of osmotic stress on glutathione and hydroxymethylglutathione accumulation in wheat. Journal of plant physiology 161: 785-794.
112. KROGER N. & POULSEN N., 2008-Diatoms-From cell wall biogenesis to nanotechnology. Annual review of genetics 42: 83-107.
113. KUCERA T., HORAKOVA H. & SONSK A .A., 2008-Toxic metal ions in photoautotrophic organisms. Photosynthetica 46: 481-489.
114. LANE T. W & MOREL F.M.M., 2000-A biological function for cadmium in marine diatoms. Proceedings of the national academy of siences of the Unites States of America 97: 4627-4631.
115. LANE T.W., SAITO M.A., GEORGE G.N., PICKERING I.J., PRINCE R.C. & MOREL F.M.M., 2005-A cadmium enzyme from a marine diatom. Nature 435: 42.
116. LANE E.S., JANG K., CULLEN J.T. & MALDONADO M.T., 2008-The interaction between inorganic iron and cadmium uptake in the marine diatom Thalassiosira oceanica. Limnology and oceanography 53: 1784-1789.
117. LARSON T.R. & REES T.A.V., 1994-Arrest of cell division but not protein synthesis in sodiumdeficient cells of the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin. Planta 195:195-200.
118. LEMOINE Y. & SCHOEFS B., 2010-Secondary ketocarotenoid astaxanthin biosynthesis in algae: a multifunctional response to stress. Photosynthesis research 106: 155-177.
119. LEVY J. L., ANGEL B. M., STAUBER J. L., POON W.L., SIMPSON S. L., CHENG S. H. & JOLLEYD. F., 2008-Uptake and internalisation of copper by three marine microalgae: Comparison of copper-sensitive and copper-tolerant species. Aquatic toxicology 89: 82-93.
120. LOHR M. & WILHELM C., 1999-Algae displaying the diadinoxanthin cycle also possess the violaxanthin cycle. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the United States of America 96: 8784-8789.
121. LIU & HELLEBUST J.A., 1976-Effects of salinity and osmolarity of the medium on amino acid metabolism in Cyclotella cryptica. Canadian journal of botany 54: 93-948.
122. LUMSDEN B. R. & FLORENCE T. M., 1983-A new algal assay procedure for the determination of the toxicity of copper species in seawater. Environmental technology letters 4: 271-276.
123. LUBARSKY H., HUBAS C., CHOCHOLEK M., LARSON F., MANZ W., PATERSON D. & GERBERSDORF S., 2010-The stabilization potential of individual and mixed assemblages of natural bacteria and microalgae. PLOS One5: e13794
124. LUIS A.T., TEIXEIRA P., ALMEIDA S.F.P., MATOS J.X. & FERREIRA DA SILVA E., 2011-Environmental impact of mining activities in the Lousal area (Portugal): chemical and diatom characterization of metal-contaminated stream sediments and surface water of Corona stream. Science of the total environment 409: 4312-4325.
125. MALDONADO M.T, ALLEN A.E., CHONG J.S., LIN K., LEUS D., KARPENKO N. & HARRIS S.L., 2006-Copper-dependent iron transport in coastal and oceanic diatoms. Limnology and oceanography 51: 1729-1743.
126. MAKSYMIEC W., 1997-Effect of copper on cellular processes in higher plants. Photosynthetica 34: 321-342.
127. MANIMARAN K., KARTHIKEYAN P., ASHOKKUMAR S., ASHOKPRABU V. & SAMPATHKUMAR P., 2012-Effect of copper on growth and enzyme activities of marine diatom, Odontella mobiliensis. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 88: 30-37.
128. MARKINA Z.V. & AIZDAICHER N.A., 2006-Content of photosynthetic pigments, growth, and cell size of microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum in the copper-polluted environment. Russian journal of plant physiology 53: 305-309.
129. MARTIN-JEZEQUEL V., HILDEBRAND M. & BRZEZINSKI M.A., 2000-Silicon metabolism in diatoms: implications for growth. Journal of phycology 36: 821-840.
130. MARSCHNER H., 2012-Mineral nutrition of higher plants. 3rd Ed. London, Academic Press, 651 p.
131. MATTEO R., AMRTINEZ-VILALTA A. & GUITART R., 1997-Lead shot pellets in the Ebro delta, Spain: densities in sediments and prevalence of exposure in waterflow. Environmental pollution 96: 335-341.
132. MCFARLAND B.H., HILL B.H. & WILLINGHAM W.T., 1997-Abnormal Fragilaria spp. (Bacillariophyceae) in streams impacted by mine drainage. Journal of freshwater ecology 12: 141-149.
133. MCGINN P.J. & MOREL F.M.M., 2008-Expression and regulation of carbonic anhydrases in the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana and in natural phytoplankton assemblages from Great Bay, New Jersey. Physiologia plantarum133: 78-91.
134. MEDLEY C.N. & CLEMENTS W.H., 1998-Responses of diatom communities to heavy metals in streams: the inuence of longitudinal variation. Ecological applications 8: 631-644.
135. MERCHANT S.S., 2010-The elements of plant micronutrients. Plant physiology 154: 512-515.
136. METAXAS A. & LEWIS A.G., 1991-Interactions between two species of marine diatoms: Effects on their individual copper tolerance. Marine biology 19: 407-415.
137. MICO C., RECATALA L., PERIS M. & SANCHEZ J., 2006-Assessing heavy metal sources in agricultural soils of an European Mediterranean area by multivariate analysis. Chemosphere 65: 863-872.
138. MILLER R.L, & KAMYKOWSKI D.L., 1986-Short-term photosynthetic responses in the diatom Nitzschia americana to a simulated salinity environment. Journal of plankton eesearch 8: 305-315.
139. MILLS M.M., RIDAME C., DAVEY M. & LA ROCHE J., 2004-Iron, and phosphorus co-limitat nitrogen fixation in the Eastern tropical North Atlantic. Nature 429: 292-294.
140. MIMOUNI V., ULMANN L., PASQUIET V., MATHIEU M., PICOT L., BOUGARAN G., CADORET J.P., MORANT-MANCEAU A. & SCHOEFS, B. 2012-The potential of microalgae for the production of bioactive molecules of pharmaceutical interest. Current pharmaceutical biotechnology 13: 2733-2750.
141. MINIER C., TUTUNDJIAN R., GALGANI F. & ROBERT J. M., 1998-Copper tolerance in Haslea ostrearia assessed by measurements of in vivo esterase activity. Marine environmental research 46: 519-582.
142. MOLLER I.M., JENSEN P.E. & HANSSON A., 2007-Oxidative modifications to cellular components in plants. Annual review of plant biology 58: 459-481.
143. MOORE C., HICKMAN A., POULTON A., SEEYAVE S. & LUCAS M., 2007-Iron-light interactions during the CROZet natural iron bloom and EXport experiment (CROZEX): II-Taxonimic responses and elemental stoichiometry. Deep-Sea research Part II 54: 2066-2084.
144. MOORE C.M, MILLS M.M., MILNE A., LANGLOIS R., ACHTERBERG E.P., LOCHTE K., GEIDER R.J. & LA ROCHE J., 2006-Iron limits primary productivity during Spring bloom development in the Central North Atlantic. Global change biology 12: 626-634.
145. MOREL F.M.M. & HERING J.G., 1983-Principles of Aquatic Chemistry. New York, Wiley-Interscience, 446 p.
146. MOREL F.M.M., HUDSON R.J.M. & PRICE N.M., 1991-Limitation of productivity by trace metals in the sea. Limnology and oceanography 36: 1742-1755.
147. MOREL N.M.L., RUETER J.G. & MOREL F.M., 1978-Copper toxicity to Skeletonema costatum. Journal of phycology 11: 43-48.
148. MORELLI E. & FANTOZZI L., 2008-Phytochelatins in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin: An evaluation of their use as biomarkers of metal exposure in marine waters. Bulletin of environment contamination and toxicology 81: 236-241.
149. MORELLI E. & SCARANO G., 1995-Cadmium induced phytochelatins in marine alga Phaeodactylum tricornutum: effect of metal speciation. Chemical speciation & bioavailability 7: 1-5.
150. MORELLI E. & SCARANO G., 2001-Synthesis and stability of phytochelatins induced by cadmium and lead in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Marine environmental research 52: 383-395.
151. MORELLI E. & SCARANO G., 2004-Copper-induced changes of non-protein thiols and antioxidant enzymes in the marine microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Plant science 167: 289-296.
152. MORELLI E., MARANGI M.L. & FANTOZZI L., 2009-A phytochelatin-based bioassay in marine diatoms useful for the assessment of bioavailability of heavy metals released by polluted sediments. Environment international 35: 532-538.
153. MORENO-GARRIDO I., LUBIÁN L.M. & SOARES A.M.V., 2000-Influence of cellular density on determination of EC50% in microalgal growth inhibition tests. Ecotoxicological and environmental safety 47: 112-116.
154. MORIN S., CORDONIER A., LAVOIE I., ARINI A., BLANCO S., DUONG T.T., TORNES E., BONET B., CORCOLL N., FAGGIANO L., LAVIALE M., PERES F., BECARES E., COSTE M., FEURTET-MAZEL A., FORTIN C., GUASCH H. & SABATER S., 2012-Consistency in diatom response to metal-contaminated environments. In: Guasch H. et al. (eds), Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 19: Emerging and Priority Pollutants in Rivers. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag, pp. 117-146.
155. MOULIN P., LEMOINE Y. & SCHOEFS B., 2010-Carotenoids and stress in higher plants and algae. In: Pessarakli M (ed.), Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress. 3rdEd., New York, Taylor and Francis, pp. 407-433.
156. MOUSTAFA A ., BESZTERI B., MAIER U.G., BOWLER C., VALENTIN K. &
157. NARAYANAN K.B. & SAKTHIVEL, 2011-Green synthesis of biogenic metal nanoparticles by transport and aquatic phototrophic and heterotrophic eukaryotes and biocompatible agents. Advances in colloids and interface science 169: 59-79.
158. NATANA MURUGARAJ G.N., JEYACHANDRAN S., 2007-Effect of salinity stress on the marine diatom Amphora coffeaeformis (Ag.) Kuetz (Bacillariophyceae) in relation to proline accumulation. Seaweed research and utilization 29: 227-231.
159. NASSIRI Y., MANSOT J.L., WERY J., GINSBURGER-VOGEL T. & AMIARD, J.C., 1997-Ultrastructural and electron energy loss spectroscopy studies of sequestration mechanisms of Cd and Cu in the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum. Archives of environment contaminations and toxicology 33: 147-155.
160. NGUYEN-DEROCHE T.L.N., LE T.T., BUI T.V., RINCE Y., TREMBLIN G. & MORANTMANCEAU A., 2009-Effects of copper on growth and photosynthesis in marine diatoms: a comparison between species from two different geographical areas. Cryptogamie, Algologie 30: 97-109.
161. NGUYEN-DEROCHE T.L.N., CARUSO A., LE T.T., BUI T.V., SCHOEFS B., TREMBLIN G. & MORANT-MANCEAU A., 2012-Zinc affects differently growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant, enzyme activities and phytochelatin synthase expression of four marine diatoms. The scientific world journal 2012, Article ID 982957, 15 p.
162. NOCTOR G., GOMEZ L., VANACKER H. & FOYER C.H., 2002-Interactions between biosynthesis, compartmentation and transport in the control of glutathione homeostasis and signaling. Journal of experimental botany 53:1283-1304.
163. NOUET C., MOTTE P. & HANIKENNE M., 2011-Chloroplastic and mitochondrial metal homeostasis. Trends in plant science 16: 395-404.
164. OKAMOTO O.K., ASANO C.S., AIDAR E. & COLEPICOLO P., 1996-Effects of cadmium and superoxide dismutase activity of the marine microalga Tetraselmis gracilis. Journal of phycology 32: 74-79.
165. OLSEN S. & PAASCHE E., 1986-Variable kinetics of silicon-limited growth in Thalassiosira pseudonana (Bacillariophyceae) in response to changed chemical composition of the growth medium. British phycological journal 21: 183-190.
166. OREN A., 1993-Availability, uptake, and turnover of glycerol in hypersaline environments. FEMS microbiology and ecology 12: 15-23.
167. PAL M., HORVATH E., JANDA T., PALDI E. & SZALAI G., 2006-Physiological changes and defence mechanisms induce by cadmium stress in maize. Journal of plant nutrition and soil science 169: 239-246.
168. PADAN E., VENTURI M., GERCHMAN Y. & DOVER N., 2001-Na+/H+ Antiporters. Biochimica et biophysica acta 1505: 144-157.
169. PARK H., SONG B. & MOREL F. M.M., 2007-Diversity of the cadmium-containing carbonic anhydrase in marine diatoms and natural waters. Environmental microbiology 9: 403-413.
170. PATSIKKA E., KAIRAVUO M., SERSEN F., ARO E.M. & TYYSTIJÄRVI E., 2002-Excess copper predisposes photosystem II to photoinhibition in vivo by outcompeting iron and causing decrease in leaf chlorophyll. Plant physiology 129, 1359-1367.
171. PEERS G. & PRICE N.M., 2006-Copper-containing plastocyanin used for electron transport by an oceanic diatom. Nature 441: 341-344.
172. PEERS G., QUESNEL S-A. & PRICE N.M., 2005-Copper requirements for iron acquisition and growth of coastal and oceanic diatoms. Limnology and oceanography 50: 1149-1158.
173. PERALES-VELA H.V., GONZALEZ-MORENO S., MONTES-HORCASITAS C. & CANIZARES-VILLANUEVA R.O., 2007-Growth, photosynthetic and respiratory responses to sub-lethal copper concentrations in Scenedesmus incrassatulus (Chlorophyceae). Chemosphere, 67: 2274-2281.
174. PERALES-VELA H.V., PENA-CASTRO J.M. & CANIZARES-VILLANUEVA R.O., 2006-Heavy metal detoxification in eukaryotic microalgae. Chemosphere 64: 1-10.
175. PINTO E., SIGAUD-KUTNER T.C.S., LEITAO M.A.S., OKAMOTO O.K., MORSE D. & COLEPICOLO P., 2003-Heavy metal-induced oxidative stress in algae. Journal of phycology 39: 1008-1018.
176. PISTOCCHI R., GUERRINI F., BALBONI V. & BONI L., 1997-Copper toxicity and carbohydrate production in the microalgae Cylindrotheca fusiformis and Gymnodinium sp. European journal of phycology 32: 125-132.
177. POSPISIL P., 2012-Molecular mechanisms of production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species by photosystem II. Biochimica et biophysica acta1817: 218-231.
178. RACHLIN J. W., JENSEN T. E. & WARKENTINE B., 1983-The growth response of the diatom Navicula incerta to selected concentrations of the metals: cadmium, copper, lead and zinc. Bulletin of the Torrey botanical club 110(2): 217-223.
179. RAVEN J. A., EVANS M.C.W. & KORB R.E., 1999-The role of trace metals in photosynthetic electron transport in O2-evolving organisms. Photosynthesis research 60: 11-150.
180. RAYKO E., MAUMUS F., MAHESWARI U., JABBARI K. & BOWLER C., 2010-Transcription factor families inferred from genome sequences of photosynthetic stramenopiles. New phytolologist 188: 52-66.
181. REICHMANN J.L. & RATCLIFFE O.J., 2000-A genomic perspective on plant transcription factors. Current opinion in plant biology 3: 423-434.
182. REINFELDER J.R., 2011-Carbon concentrating mechanisms in eukaryotic marine phytoplankton. Annual review of marine science 3: 291-315.
183. REIRIZ S., CID A., TORRES E., ABALDE J. & HERRERO C., 1994-Different responses of the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum to copper toxicity. Microbiologia 10: 263-72.
184. REN Q., CHEN K. & PAULSEN I.T., 2007-TransportDB: a comprehensive database resource for cytoplasmic membrane transport systems and outer membrane channels. Nucleic acids research 35: 274-279.
185. REYES-PRIETO A., WEBER A.P.M. & BHATTACHARYA D. 2005-The origin and establishment of the plastid in algae and plants. Annual review of genetics 41: 147-168.
186. RICHTER O., 1906-Zur Physiologie der Diatomeen, I. Sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 115(1): 27-119.
187. RIJSTENBIL J.W., 2005-UV-and salinity-induced oxidative effects in the marine diatom Cylindrotheca closterium during simulated emersion. Marine biology 147: 1063-1073.
188. RIJSTENBIL J.W., DEHAIRS F., EHRLICH R. & WIJNHOLDS J.A., 1998-Effect of nitrogen status on copper accumulation and pools of metal-inducing peptides in the phytoplankonic diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. Aquatic toxicology 42: 187-209.
189. RIJSTENBIL J.W., DERKSEN J.W.M., GERRINGA L.J.A., POORTVLIET T.C.W., SANDEE A., VAN DEN BERG M, VAN DRIE J. & WIJNHOLDS J.A., 1994-Oxidative stress induced by copper: defence and damage in the marine planktonic diatom Ditylumbright wellii, grown in continuous cultures with high and low zinc levels. Marine biology, 119: 583-590.
190. RIJSTENBIL J.W., MUR. L.R., WIJNHOLDS. J.A. & SINKE.J.J., 1989-Impact of a temporal salinity decrease on growth and nitrogen metabolism of the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum in continuous cultures. Marine biology 101: 121-129.
191. RIMET F., 2012-Recent views on river pollution and diatoms. Hydrobiologia 683: 1-24.
192. RIMET F. & BOUCHEZ A., 2012-Biomonitoring river diatoms: Implications of taxonomic resolution. Ecological indicators 15: 92-99.
193. ROUBEIX V. & LANCELOT C., 2008-Effect of salinity on growth, cell size and silicification of an euryhaline freshwater diatom: Cyclotella meneghianiama Kütz. Transitional waters bulletin 1: 31-38.
194. ROUT G.R. & DAS P., 2003-Effect of metal toxicity on plant growth and metabolism. I. Zinc. Agronomie 23: 3-11.
195. RUETER J.G. & MOREL F.M.M., 1981-The interaction between zinc deficiency and copper toxicity as it affects the silicic acid uptake mechanisms in Thalassiosira pseudonana. Limnology and oceanography 26: 67-73.
196. RUGGIU D., LUGLIE A., CATTANEO A. & PANZANI P., 1998-Paleoecological evidence for diatom response to metal pollution in Lake Orta (N. Italy). Journal of paleolimnology 20: 333-345.
197. SABATER S., 2000-Diatom communities as indicators of environmental stress in the Guardiamar River, S-W Spain, following a major mine tailings spill. Journal of applied phycology 12: 113-124.
198. SABATINI S.E., JUAREZ A.B., EPPIS M.R., BIANCHI L., LUQUET C.M. & MOLINA M.C.R., 2009-Oxidative stress and antioxidant defences in two green microalgae exposed to copper. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 72: 1200-1206.
199. SAROS J.E. & FRITZ S.C., 2000-Nutrients, ionic concentration, and diatom distribution in saline lakes. Journal of paleolimnology 23: 449-453.
200. SARVARI E., FODOR F., CHEH E., VARGA A., ZARAY G. & ZOLLA L., 1999-Relationship between changes in ion content of leaves and chlorophyll-protein composition in cucumber under Cd and Pb stress. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 54c: 746-753.
201. SARAVANAN V. & GODHE A., 2010-Genetic heterogeneity and physiological variation among seasonally separated clones of Skeletonema marinoi (Bacillariophyceae) in the Gullmar Fjord, Sweden. European journal of phycology. 45(2): 177-190.
202. SBIHI K., CHERIFI O. & BERTRAND M., 2012-Toxicity and biosorption of chromium from aqueous solutions by the diatom Planothidium lanceolatum (Brébisson) Lange-Bertalot. American journal of the scientific and industrial research 3: 27-38.
203. SCARANO G. & MORELLI E., 2002-Characterization of cadmium-and lead-phytochelatin complexes formed in a marine microalga in response to metal exposure. BioMetals 15, 145-151.
204. SCHAREK R., VAN LEEUWE M.A. & DE BAAR H.J.W., 1997-Responses of Southern Ocean phytoplankton to the addition of trace metals. Deep-Sea research Part II: Tropical studies in oceanography 44: 209-227.
205. SCHOBERT B., 1974-The influence of water stress on the metabolism of diatoms. I. Osmotic resistance and praline accumulation in Cyclotella meneghiniana. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenphysiologie 74: 106-120.
206. SEDWICK P.N., SHOLKOVITZ E.R. & CHURCH T.M., 2007-Impact of anthropogenic combustion emissions on the fractional solubility of aerosol iron: evidence for the Sargasso Sea. Geochemistry geophysics geosystems 8: Q10Q06, doi:10.1029/2007GC001586.
207. SERI, 1986-Microalgae Culture Collection, 1986-1987. Jeff Johansen (eds), Golden, Solar Energy Research Institute. Microalgal Technology Research Group, 149p.
208. SERRANO R., MULET J.M., RIOS G., MARQUEZ J.A., DELARRIONA IF., LEUBE MP., MENDIZABAL I., PASCUALAHUIR A., PROFT M., ROS R. & MONTESINOS C. 1999-A glimpse of the mechanisms of ion homeostasis during salt stress. Journal of experimental botany. 50: 1023-1036.
209. SHOLKOVITZ E.R. & SEDWICK P.N., 2006-Open ocean development of a buoy-mounted aerosol sampler on the Bermuda Testbed Mooring: aerosol iron and sea salt over the Sargasso sea. Deep-Sea research Part I: Oceanography research papers 53: 547-560.
210. SHOLKOVITZ E.R., SEDWICK P.N., CHURCH T.M., BAKER A.R. & POWELL C.F., 2012-Fractional solubility of aerosol iron: synthesis of a global scale dataset. Geochimica et cosmochimica acta 89: 173-189.
211. SIEFERMANN D. & YAMAMOTO H.Y., 1975-NADPH and oxygen-dependent epoxidation of zeaxanthin in isolated chloroplasts. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 62: 456-461.
212. SOLYMOSI K., 2012-Plastid structure, diversification and interconversions. I. Algae. [Schoefs, B. (ed), Special issue: Plastids: a family of crucial actors in plant physiology]. Current chemical biology 6: 167-186.
213. SOLYMOSI K. & KERESZTES A., 2012-Plastid structure, diversification and interconversions. II. Land plants. [Schoefs, B. (ed), Special issue: Plastids: a family of crucial actors in plant physiology]. Current chemical biology 6: 187-204.
214. SOLYMOSI K. & BERTRAND M., 2010-Heavy metals and plastid metabolism. In: Pessarakli M. (ed.), Handbook of Plant & Crop Stress 3rd Ed., Boca Raton, Taylor & Francis/CRC Press, pp. 675-711.
215. SOLYMOSI K. & BERTRAND M., 2012-Soil metals, chloroplasts, and secure crop production: a review. Agronomy for sustainable development 32: 245-272.
216. SPETEA C., PFEIL B. & SCHOEFS B., 2012-Molecular mechanisms for solute transport across photosynthetic membranes: from cyanobacteria to higher plants. Frontiers in plant physiology 2: 110.
217. STAUBER J.L. & FLORENCE T.M., 1987-Mechanism of toxicity of ionic copper and copper complexes to algae. Marine biology 94: 511-519.
218. STAUBER J.L. & FLORENCE T.M., 1990-Mechanism of toxicity of zinc to the marine diatom Nitzschia closterium. Marine biology 105: 519-524.
219. STEEMANN-NIELSEN E. & WIUM-ANDERSEN S., 1971-The influence of Cu on photosynthesis and growth in diatoms. Physiologia plantarum 24: 480-484.
220. SULLIVAN C.W. & VOLCANI B.E., 1974-Synergistically stimulated (Na+, K+)-adenosine triphosphatase from plasma membrane of a marine diatom. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the United States of America 71: 4376-4380.
221. SUNDA W.G., 1988-Trace metal interactions with marine phytoplankton. Biology and oceanography 6: 411-441.
222. SUNDA W.G. & GUILLARD R.R.L., 1976-The relationship between cupric ion activity and the toxicity of copper to phytoplankton. Journal of marine research 34: 511-529.
223. SUNDA W.G. & HUNTSMAN S.A., 1995-Regulation of copper concentration in the oceanic nutricline by phytoplankton uptake and regeneration cycles. Limnology and oceanography 40: 132-137.
224. SYLVESTRE F., BECK-EICHLER B., DULEBA W. & DEBENAY J.P., 2001-Modern benthic diatom distribution in a hypersaline coastal lagoon: the Lagoa de Araruama (R.J.), Brazil. Hydrobiologia 443: 213-231.
225. SZYMANSKA R., LATOWSKI D. & STRZALKA K., 2012-Chloroplasts and strong photoprotective mechanisms. [Schoefs, B. (ed), Special issue: Plastids: a family of crucial actors in plant physiology]. Current chemical biology 6: 254-264.
226. TADROS M.G. & JOHANSEN J.R., 1988-Physiological characterization of six lipid-producing diatoms from the Southeastern United States. Journal of phycology 24: 445-452.
227. TADROS M.G., MBUTHIA P. & SMITH W., 1990-Differential response of marine diatoms to trace metals. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 44: 826-831.
228. TANG D., SHAFER M.M., KAMER D.A. & AMSTRONG D.E., 2005-Responses of nonprotein thiols to copper stress and extracellular release of glutathione in the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii. Limonology and oceanography 50: 516-525.
229. THAMATRAKOLN K., KORENOVSKA O., NIHEU A.K., & BIDLE K.D., 2012-Whole-genome expression analysis reveals a role for death-related genes in stress acclimation of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. Environmental microbiology 14: 67-81.
230. THOMAS W.H., HOLLIBAUGH J.T. & SEIBERT D.L.R., 1980-Effects of heavy metals on the morphology of some marine phytoplankton. Phycologia 19: 202-209.
231. TIAM K.S., FEURTET MAZEL A., DELMAS F., MAZZELLA N., MORIN S., DAFFE G. & GONZALEZ P., 2012-Development of q-PCR approaches to assess water quality: Effects of cadmium on gene expression of the diatom Eolimna minima. Water research 46: 934-942.
232. TORRES E., CID A., FIDALGO P., HERRERO C. & ABALDE J., 1997-Long chain class III metallothioneins as a mechanism of cadmium tolerance in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin. Aquatic toxicology 39: 231-246.
233. TORRES E., CID A., HERRERO C. & ALBADE J., 1998-Removal of cadmium ions by the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin. Accumulation and long term kinetics of uptake. Bioresource Technology 63: 213-220.
234. TORRES M.A., BARROS M.P., CAMPOS S.C.G., PINTO E., RAJAMANI S., SAYRE R.T. & COLEPICOLO P., 2008-Biochemical biomarkers in algae and marine pollution: a review. Ecotoxicology and environment safety 71: 1-15.
235. TRIPP B.C., SMITH K. & FERRY J.G. 2001-Carbonic anhydrase: New insights for an ancient enzyme. Journal of biological chemistry 276: 48615-48618.
236. TUCHMAN M.L., THERIOT E. & STOERMER E. F., 1984-Effects of low level salinity concentrations on the growth of Cyclotella meneghiniana. Archives für Protistenkunde 128: 319-326.
237. TUDESQUE L., GRENOUILLET G., GEVREY M., KHAZRAIE K. & BROSSE S., 2012-Influence of small-scale gold mining on French Guiana streams: Are diatom assemblages valid disturbance sensors. Ecological indicators 14: 100-106.
238. TUKAJ Z., BASCIK-REMISIEWICZ A., SKOWRONSKI T. & TUKAJ C., 2007-Cadmium effect on the growth, photosynthesis, ultrastructure and phytochelatin content of green microalga Scenedesmus armatus: a study at low and elevated CO2 concentration. Environmental and experimental botany 60: 291-299.
239. UNDERWOOD G.J.C. & PATERSON D.M., 2003-The importance of extracellular carbohydrate production by marine epipelic diatoms. Advances in botanical research 40: 183-240.
240. VAILLANT N., MONNET F., HITMI A., SALLANON H. & COUDRET A., 2005-Comparative study of response in four Datura species to a zinc stress. Chemosphere 59: 1005-1013.
241. VAN HULLEBUSCH E.D., ZANDVOORT M.H. & LENS P.N.L., 2003-Metal immobilisation by biofilms: Mechanisms and analytical tools. Rewiews in environmental science & biotechnology 2: 9-33.
242. VANACKER H., CARVER T.L.W. & FOYER C.H., 2000-Early H2O2 accumulation in mesophyll cells leads to induction of glutathione during the hyper-sensitive response in the barleypowdery mildew interaction. Plant physiology 123: 1289-1300.
243. VRIELING E.J., RUTHERFORD J.C., BEELEN T.P.M. & GIESKES W.W.C., 1999-Growth and silica content of the diatoms Thalassiosira weissflogii and Navicula salinarum at different salinities and enrichments with aluminium. European journal of phycology. 34: 307-316.
244. WALDRON K.J., POORT L., FORD D. & ROBINSON N.J., 2009-Metalloproteins and metal sensing. Nature 460: 823-830.
245. WALLACE A., WALLACE G.A. & CHA J.W., 1992-Some modifications in trace metal toxicities and deficiencies in plants resulting from interactions with other elements and chelating agents-the special case of iron. Journal of plant nutrition 15: 1589-1598.
246. WANG Y., FANG J., LEONARD S.S. & KRISHNA RAO K.M., 2004-Cadmium inhibits the electron transfer chain and induces reactive oxygen species. Free radical biology and medicine 36: 1434-1443.
247. WANG M.J. & WANG W.X., 2009-Cadmium in three marine phytoplankton: Accumulation, subcellular fate and thiol induction. Aquatic toxicology 95: 99-107.
248. WANG M.J. & WANG W.X., 2011-Cadmium sensitivity, uptake, subcellular distribution and thiol induction in a marine diatom: exposure to cadmium. Aquatic toxicology 101: 377-386.
249. WEI B. & YANG L., 2010-A review of heavy metal contaminations in urban soils, urban road dusts and agricultural soils from China. Microchemical journal 94: 99-107.
250. WILSON S.E, CUMMING B.E. & SMOL J.E., 1994-Diatom-salinity relationships in 111 lakes from the Interior Plateau of British Columbia, Canada: the development of diatom-based models for paleosalinity reconstructions. Journal of paleolimnology 12: 197-221.
251. XU Y., FENG L., JEFFREY P.D., SHI Y. & MOREL F.M.M., 2008-Structure and metal exchange in the cadmium carbonic anhydrase of marine diatoms. Nature 452: 56-61.
252. XU Y., SHI D., ARISTILDE L. & MOREL F.M.N., 2012-The effect of pH on the uptake of zinc and cadmium in marine phytoplankton: Possible role of weak complexes. Limnology and oceanography 57: 293-304.
253. YADAV S.K., 2010-Heavy metals toxicity in plants: An overview on the role of glutathione and phytochelatins in heavy metal stress tolerance of plants. South African journal of botany 76: 167-179.
254. YANG J-R & DUTHIE H.C., 1993-Morphology and ultrastructure of teratological forms of the diatoms Stephanodiscus niagarae and S. parvus (Bacillariophyceae) from Hamilton Harbour (Lake Ontario, Canada). Hydrobiologia 269/270: 57-66.
255. ZARIPOVA N.R., KHOLODOVA V.P., ZUBO Y.O., KUSNETSOV V.V. & KUZNETSOV V.V., 2011-Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of chloroplast gene expression by heavy metals in barley seedlings. Russian journal of plant physiology 58: 1040-1047.