Carvacrol: From ancient flavoring to neuromodulatory agent

Molecules

Volumn 18, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 6161-6172

  Zotti, Margherita ^a   Colaianna, Marilena ^a,b   Morgese, Maria Grazia ^a   Tucci, Paolo ^a   Schiavone, Stefania ^c   Avato, Pinarosa ^d   Trabace, Luigia ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FOGGIA   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA   (Switzerland)

^c GENEVA UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS   (Switzerland)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BARI   (Italy)

Author keywords

Behavior; Carvacrol; Dopamine; Serotonin

Indexed keywords

AGENTS INTERACTING WITH TRANSMITTER, HORMONE OR DRUG RECEPTORS; BIOGENIC AMINE; CARVACROL; DOPAMINE; FLAVORING AGENT; SEROTONIN; TERPENE;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ARTICLE; DRUG EFFECT; MALE; METABOLISM; MOTOR ACTIVITY; RAT; DRUG EFFECTS;

ANIMALS; BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL; BIOGENIC MONOAMINES; DOPAMINE; FLAVORING AGENTS; MALE; MONOTERPENES; MOTOR ACTIVITY; NEUROTRANSMITTER AGENTS; RATS; SEROTONIN;

EID: 84879660785     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14203049     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/molecules18066161     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Kintzios, S.E. Oregano: The Genera Origanum and Lippia. Taylor & Francis: New York, NY, USA, 2002.
2. Regulation (EC) No 2232/96 of the European Parliament and of the Council on 28 October 1996, Commission decision of 23 February 1999 adopting a register of flavouring substances used in or on foodstuffs. Official Journal L 84: 1999/217/EC; pp. 1-37.
3. EAFUS: A Food Additive Database. Centre for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration: Washington, DC, USA, 2006.
4. Burt, S. Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods-a review. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2004, 94, 223-253.
5. Edris, A.E. Pharmaceutical and therapeutic potentials of essential oils and their individual volatile constituents: a review. Phytother. Res. 2007, 21, 308-323.
6. Bergström, L.S.; Lynöe, N. Enhancing concentration, mood and memory in healthy individuals: an empirical study of attitudes among general practitioners and the general population. Scand J. Public. Health 2008, 36, 532-537.
7. Ahmad, A.; Khan, A.; Akhtar, F.; Yousuf, S.; Xess, I.; Khan, L.A.; Manzoor, N. Fungicidal activity of thymol and carvacrol by disrupting ergosterol biosynthesis and membrane integrity against Candida. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect Dis. 2011, 30, 41-50.
8. Dambolena, J.S.; Zygadlo, J.A.; Rubinstein, H.R. Antifumonisin activity of natural phenolic compounds. A structure-property-activity relationship study. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2011, 145, 140-146.
9. Tang, X.; Chen, S.; Wang, L. Purification and identification of carvacrol from the root of Stellera chamaejasme and research on its insecticidal activity. Nat. Prod. Res. 2011, 25, 320-325.
10. Nostro, A.; Papalia, T. Antimicrobial activity of carvacrol: current progress and future prospectives. Recent. Pat. Antiinfect. Drug Discov. 2012, 7, 28-35.
11. Koparal, A.T.; Zeytinoglu, M. Effects of Carvacrol on a Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Cell Line, A549. Cytotechnology 2003, 43, 149-154.
12. Karkabounas, S.; Kostoula, O.K.; Daskalou, T.; Veltsistas, P.; Karamouzis, M.; Zelovitis, I.; Metsios, A.; Lekkas, P.; Evangelou, A.M.; Kotsis, N.; et al. Anticarcinogenic and antiplatelet effects of carvacrol. Exp. Oncol. 2006, 28, 121-125.
13. Mezzoug, N.; Elhadri, A.; Dallouh, A.; Amkiss, S.; Skali, N.S.; Abrini, J.; Zhiri, A.; Baudoux, D.; Diallo, B.; El Jaziri, M.; et al. Investigation of the mutagenic and antimutagenic effects of Origanum compactum essential oil and some of its constituents. Mutat. Res. 2007, 629, 100-110.
14. Sokmen, A.; Sokmen, M.; Daferera, D.; Polissiou, M.; Candan, F.; Unlu, M.; Akpulat, H.A. The in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Achillea biebersteini Afan. (Asteraceae). Phytother. Res. 2004, 18, 451-456.
15. Canbek, M.; Uyanoglu, M.; Bayramoglu, G.; Senturk, H.; Erkasap, N.; Koken, T.; Uslu, S.; Demirustu, C.; Aral, E.; Can Baser, K.H. Effects of carvacrol on defects of ischemia-reperfusion in the rat liver. Phytomedicine 2008, 15, 447-452.
16. Savelev, S.U.; Okello, E.J.; Perry, E.K. Butyryl- and acetyl-cholinesterase inhibitory activities in essential oils of Salvia species and their constituents. Phytother. Res. 2004, 18, 315-324.
17. Hotta, M.; Nakata, R.; Katsukawa, M.; Hori, K.; Takahashi, S.; Inoue, H. Carvacrol, a component of thyme oil, activates PPARalpha and gamma and suppresses COX-2 expression. J. Lipid. Res. 2010, 51, 132-139.
18. Trabace, L.Z.M.; Morgese, M.G.; Tucci, P.; Colaianna, M.; Schiavone, S.; Avato, P.; Cuomo, V. Estrous cycle affects the neurochemical and neurobehavioral profile of carvacrol-treated female rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2011, 255, 169-175.
19. Parnas, M.; Peters, M.; Dadon, D.; Lev, S.; Vertkin, I.; Slutsky, I.; Minke, B. Carvacrol is a novel inhibitor of Drosophila TRPL and mammalian TRPM7 channels. Cell Calcium 2009, 45, 300-339.
20. Yu, H.; Zhang, Z.L.; Chen, J.; Pei, A.; Hua, F.; Qian, X.; He, J.; Liu, C.F.; Xu, X. Carvacrol, a food-additive, provides neuroprotection on focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. PLoS One 2012, e33584.
21. Jukic, M.; Politeo, O.; Maksimovic, M.; Milos, M. In vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties of thymol, carvacrol and their derivatives thymoquinone and thymohydroquinone. Phytother. Res. 2007, 21, 259-261.
22. Melo, F.H.; Venancio, E.T.; de Sousa, D.P.; de Franca Fonteles, M.M.; de Vasconcelos, S.M.; Viana, G.S.; de Sousa, F.C. Anxiolytic-like effect of Carvacrol (5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol) in mice: Involvement with GABAergic transmission. Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol. 2010, 24, 437-443.
23. Melo, F.H.; Moura, B.A.; de Sousa, D.P.; de Vasconcelos, S.M.; Macedo, D.S.; Fonteles, M.M.; Viana, G.S.; de Sousa, F.C. Antidepressant-like effect of carvacrol (5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol) in mice: involvement of dopaminergic system. Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol. 2011, 25, 362-367.
24. Mechan, A.O.; Fowler, A.; Seifert, N.; Rieger, H.; Wohrle, T.; Etheve, S.; Wyss, A.; Schuler, G.; Colletto, B.; Kilpert, C.; et al. Monoamine reuptake inhibition and mood-enhancing potential of a specified oregano extract. Br. J. Nutr. 2011, 105, 1150-1163.
25. Efterpi, C.; Eleftherios, B.; Ilias, G.; Panagiota, F.P. Aromatic Plants as a Source of Bioactive Compounds. Agriculture 2012, 2, 228-243.
26. Furia, T.E.; Bellanca, N. Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavor Ingredients; CRC Press: Cleveland, OH, USA, 1975.
27. Kirsti Kaarina, P.K.N.; Seija Marjatta, M.K. Processing, effects and use of Oregano and marjoram in foodstuffs and in food preparation. In The Design Life of Structures; Spon Press: London, UK, 1998.
28. Bhattaram, V.A.; Graefe, U.; Kohlert, C.; Veit, M.; Derendorf, H. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of herbal medicinal products. Phytomedicine 2002, 9, 1-33.
29. De Vincenzi, M.; Stammati, A.; De Vincenzi, A.; Silano, M. Constituents of aromatic plants: Carvacrol. Fitoterapia 2004, 75, 801-804.
30. Stammati, A.; Bonsi, P.; Zucco, F.; Moezelaar, R.; Alakomi, H.L.; von Wright, A. Toxicity of selected plant volatiles in microbial and mammalian short-term assays. Food Chem. Toxicol. 1999, 37, 813-823.
31. Baser, K.H. Biological and pharmacological activities of carvacrol and carvacrol bearing essential oils. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2008, 14, 3106-3119.
32. Lucki, I. The spectrum of behaviors influenced by serotonin. Biol. Psychiatry 1998, 44, 151-162.
33. Missale, C.; Nash, S.R.; Robinson, S.W.; Jaber, M.; Caron, M.G. Dopamine receptors: from structure to function. Physiol. Rev. 1998, 78, 189-225.
34. Golden, R.N.; Gilmore, J.H. Serotonin and mood disorders. Psychiatr. Ann. 1990, 20, 580-586.
35. Golden, R.N.; Gilmore, J.H.; Corrigan, M.H.; Ekstrom, R.D.; Knight, B.T.; Garbutt, J.C. Serotonin, suicide, and aggression: clinical studies. J. Clin. Psychiatr. 1991, 52, 61-69.
36. Fernstrom, J.D.; Wurtman, R.J. Brain serotonin content: Increase following ingestion of carbohydrate diet. Science 1971, 174, 1023-1025.
37. Fremeau, R.T., Jr.; Duncan, G.E.; Fornaretto, M.G.; Dearry, A.; Gingrich, J.A.; Breese, G.R.; Caron, M.G. Localization of D1 dopamine receptor mRNA in brain supports a role in cognitive, affective, and neuroendocrine aspects of dopaminergic neurotransmission. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1991, 88, 3772-3776.
38. Beninger, R.J. The role of dopamine in locomotor activity and learning. Brain Res. 1983, 287, 173-196.
39. Wise, R.A. The role of reward pathways in the development of drug dependence. Pharmacol. Ther. 1987, 35, 227-263.
40. Manji, H.K.; Drevets, W.C.; Charney, D.S. The cellular neurobiology of depression. Nat. Med. 2001, 7, 541-547.
41. Morilak, D.A.; Frazer, A. Antidepressants and brain monoaminergic systems: a dimensional approach to understanding their behavioural effects in depression and anxiety disorders. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2004, 7, 193-218.
42. Invernizzi, R.W.; Sacchetti, G.; Parini, S.; Acconcia, S.; Samanin, R. Flibanserin, a potential antidepressant drug, lowers 5-HT and raises dopamine and noradrenaline in the rat prefrontal cortex dialysate: role of 5-HT(1A) receptors. Br. J. pharmacol. 2003, 139, 1281-1288.
43. Kennedy, D.O.; Wake, G.; Savelev, S.; Tildesley, N.T.; Perry, E.K.; Wesnes, K.A.; Scholey, A.B. Modulation of mood and cognitive performance following acute administration of single doses of Melissa officinalis (Lemon balm) with human CNS nicotinic and muscarinic receptor-binding properties. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003, 28, 1871-1881.
44. Kumar, G.P.; Khanum, F. Neuroprotective potential of phytochemicals. Pharmacogn. Rev. 2012, 6, 81-90.
45. Linde, K.; Berner, M.M.; Kriston, L. St John's wort for major depression. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2008, 4, CD000448.
46. Yoshitake, T.; Yoshitake, S.; Kehr, J. The Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761(R) and its main constituent flavonoids and ginkgolides increase extracellular dopamine levels in the rat prefrontal cortex. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2010, 1, 659-668.
47. Pierce, R.C.; Kumaresan, V. The mesolimbic dopamine system: The final common pathway for the reinforcing effect of drugs of abuse? Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2006, 30, 215-238.
48. Cook, J.D.; Schanberg, S.M. Effect of methamphetamine on norepinephrine metabolism in various regions of brain. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1975, 195, 87-93.
49. Breese, G.R.; Cooper, B.R.; Mueller, R.A. Evidence for involvement of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the actions of amphetamine. Br. J. Pharmacol. 1974, 52, 307-314.
50. Paxinos, G.; Watson, C.R.R. The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates; Elsevier Academic Press: New York, NY, USA, 1998.
51. Cryan, J.F.; Valentino, R.J.; Lucki, I. Assessing substrates underlying the behavioral effects of antidepressants using the modified rat forced swimming test. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2005, 29, 547-569.