메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 42, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 287-303

Thyroid Disorders in Older Adults

Author keywords

Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Nonthyroidal illness; Subclinical hyperthyroidism; Subclinical hypothyroidism; Thyroid function tests; TSH reference range

Indexed keywords

AMIODARONE; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BISPHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CALCIUM; FUROSEMIDE; GLUCOCORTICOID; HEPARIN; LEVOTHYROXINE; LIOTHYRONINE; LITHIUM; PROPRANOLOL; RADIOACTIVE IODINE; THYROID ANTIBODY; THYROTROPIN; THYROXINE; THYROXINE DEIODINASE;

EID: 84878150294     PISSN: 08898529     EISSN: 15584410     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2013.02.008     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (24)

References (86)
  • 3
    • 63149139739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reference limits of serum TSH and free T4 are significantly influenced by race and age in an urban outpatient medical practice
    • Boucai L., Surks M.I. Reference limits of serum TSH and free T4 are significantly influenced by race and age in an urban outpatient medical practice. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2009, 70:788-793.
    • (2009) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.70 , pp. 788-793
    • Boucai, L.1    Surks, M.I.2
  • 4
    • 0036173697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)
    • Hollowell J.G., Staehling N.W., Flanders W.D., et al. Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002, 87:489-499.
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 489-499
    • Hollowell, J.G.1    Staehling, N.W.2    Flanders, W.D.3
  • 5
    • 36849075781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-specific distribution of serum thyrotropin and antithyroid antibodies in the US population: implications for the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism
    • Surks M.I., Hollowell J.G. Age-specific distribution of serum thyrotropin and antithyroid antibodies in the US population: implications for the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007, 92:4575-4582.
    • (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.92 , pp. 4575-4582
    • Surks, M.I.1    Hollowell, J.G.2
  • 6
    • 29744459873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid function and prevalence of anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies in a population with borderline sufficient iodine intake: influences of age and sex
    • Hoogendoorn E.H., Hermus A.R., de Vegt F., et al. Thyroid function and prevalence of anti-thyroperoxidase antibodies in a population with borderline sufficient iodine intake: influences of age and sex. Clin Chem 2006, 52:104-111.
    • (2006) Clin Chem , vol.52 , pp. 104-111
    • Hoogendoorn, E.H.1    Hermus, A.R.2    de Vegt, F.3
  • 7
    • 84860760516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related changes in thyroid function: a longitudinal study of a community-based cohort
    • Bremner A.P., Feddema P., Leedman P.J., et al. Age-related changes in thyroid function: a longitudinal study of a community-based cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012, 97:1554-1562.
    • (2012) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.97 , pp. 1554-1562
    • Bremner, A.P.1    Feddema, P.2    Leedman, P.J.3
  • 8
    • 84868627896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal changes in thyroid function in the oldest old and survival: the cardiovascular health study all-stars study
    • Waring A.C., Arnold A.M., Newman A.B., et al. Longitudinal changes in thyroid function in the oldest old and survival: the cardiovascular health study all-stars study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012, 97:3944-3950.
    • (2012) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.97 , pp. 3944-3950
    • Waring, A.C.1    Arnold, A.M.2    Newman, A.B.3
  • 9
    • 0001083948 scopus 로고
    • Thyroxine turnover in euthyroid man with special reference to changes with age
    • Gregerman R.I., Gaffney G.W., Shock N.W., et al. Thyroxine turnover in euthyroid man with special reference to changes with age. J Clin Invest 1962, 41:2065-2074.
    • (1962) J Clin Invest , vol.41 , pp. 2065-2074
    • Gregerman, R.I.1    Gaffney, G.W.2    Shock, N.W.3
  • 10
    • 0020062772 scopus 로고
    • Levothyroxine replacement dose for primary hypothyroidism decreases with age
    • Rosenbaum R.L., Barzel U.S. Levothyroxine replacement dose for primary hypothyroidism decreases with age. Ann Intern Med 1982, 96:53-55.
    • (1982) Ann Intern Med , vol.96 , pp. 53-55
    • Rosenbaum, R.L.1    Barzel, U.S.2
  • 11
    • 0020544997 scopus 로고
    • Aging and the thyroid. Decreased requirement for thyroid hormone in older hypothyroid patients
    • Sawin C.T., Herman T., Molitch M.E., et al. Aging and the thyroid. Decreased requirement for thyroid hormone in older hypothyroid patients. Am J Med 1983, 75:206-209.
    • (1983) Am J Med , vol.75 , pp. 206-209
    • Sawin, C.T.1    Herman, T.2    Molitch, M.E.3
  • 12
    • 0036191639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, and physiological roles of the iodothyronine selenodeiodinases
    • Bianco A.C., Salvatore D., Gereben B., et al. Biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, and physiological roles of the iodothyronine selenodeiodinases. Endocr Rev 2002, 23:38-89.
    • (2002) Endocr Rev , vol.23 , pp. 38-89
    • Bianco, A.C.1    Salvatore, D.2    Gereben, B.3
  • 13
    • 12244301591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A polymorphism in type I deiodinase is associated with circulating free insulin-like growth factor I levels and body composition in humans
    • Peeters R.P., van den Beld A.W., van Toor H., et al. A polymorphism in type I deiodinase is associated with circulating free insulin-like growth factor I levels and body composition in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005, 90:256-263.
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , pp. 256-263
    • Peeters, R.P.1    van den Beld, A.W.2    van Toor, H.3
  • 14
    • 47549105907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related changes in renal and hepatic cellular mechanisms associated with variations in rat serum thyroid hormone levels
    • Silvestri E., Lombardi A., de Lange P., et al. Age-related changes in renal and hepatic cellular mechanisms associated with variations in rat serum thyroid hormone levels. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008, 294:E1160-E1168.
    • (2008) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.294
    • Silvestri, E.1    Lombardi, A.2    de Lange, P.3
  • 15
    • 0025080314 scopus 로고
    • The hepatic transcellular transport of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine is reduced in aged rats
    • Mooradian A.D. The hepatic transcellular transport of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine is reduced in aged rats. Biochim Biophys Acta 1990, 1054:1-7.
    • (1990) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1054 , pp. 1-7
    • Mooradian, A.D.1
  • 16
    • 0026637317 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid and other organ-specific autoantibodies in healthy centenarians
    • Mariotti S., Sansoni P., Barbesino G., et al. Thyroid and other organ-specific autoantibodies in healthy centenarians. Lancet 1992, 339:1506-1508.
    • (1992) Lancet , vol.339 , pp. 1506-1508
    • Mariotti, S.1    Sansoni, P.2    Barbesino, G.3
  • 17
    • 0027435266 scopus 로고
    • Complex alteration of thyroid function in healthy centenarians
    • Mariotti S., Barbesino G., Caturegli P., et al. Complex alteration of thyroid function in healthy centenarians. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993, 77:1130-1134.
    • (1993) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.77 , pp. 1130-1134
    • Mariotti, S.1    Barbesino, G.2    Caturegli, P.3
  • 18
    • 65249161844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extreme longevity is associated with increased serum thyrotropin
    • Atzmon G., Barzilai N., Hollowell J.G., et al. Extreme longevity is associated with increased serum thyrotropin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009, 94:1251-1254.
    • (2009) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.94 , pp. 1251-1254
    • Atzmon, G.1    Barzilai, N.2    Hollowell, J.G.3
  • 19
    • 73249140409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic predisposition to elevated serum thyrotropin is associated with exceptional longevity
    • Atzmon G., Barzilai N., Surks M.I., et al. Genetic predisposition to elevated serum thyrotropin is associated with exceptional longevity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009, 94:4768-4775.
    • (2009) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.94 , pp. 4768-4775
    • Atzmon, G.1    Barzilai, N.2    Surks, M.I.3
  • 20
    • 77950478167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low serum free triiodothyronine levels mark familial longevity: the Leiden Longevity Study
    • Rozing M.P., Westendorp R.G., de Craen A.J., et al. Low serum free triiodothyronine levels mark familial longevity: the Leiden Longevity Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2010, 65:365-368.
    • (2010) J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci , vol.65 , pp. 365-368
    • Rozing, M.P.1    Westendorp, R.G.2    de Craen, A.J.3
  • 21
    • 9644257303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid status, disability and cognitive function, and survival in old age
    • Gussekloo J., van Exel E., de Craen A.J., et al. Thyroid status, disability and cognitive function, and survival in old age. JAMA 2004, 292:2591-2599.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.292 , pp. 2591-2599
    • Gussekloo, J.1    van Exel, E.2    de Craen, A.J.3
  • 22
    • 77956928569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease and mortality
    • Rodondi N., den Elzen W.P., Bauer D.C., et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease and mortality. JAMA 2010, 304:1365-1374.
    • (2010) JAMA , vol.304 , pp. 1365-1374
    • Rodondi, N.1    den Elzen, W.P.2    Bauer, D.C.3
  • 23
    • 29844440186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes within the thyroid axis during critical illness
    • vi
    • Peeters R.P., Debaveye Y., Fliers E., et al. Changes within the thyroid axis during critical illness. Crit Care Clin 2006, 22:41-55. vi.
    • (2006) Crit Care Clin , vol.22 , pp. 41-55
    • Peeters, R.P.1    Debaveye, Y.2    Fliers, E.3
  • 24
    • 23844433583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine/rT3 are prognostic markers in critically ill patients and are associated with postmortem tissue deiodinase activities
    • Peeters R.P., Wouters P.J., van Toor H., et al. Serum 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine/rT3 are prognostic markers in critically ill patients and are associated with postmortem tissue deiodinase activities. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005, 90:4559-4565.
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , pp. 4559-4565
    • Peeters, R.P.1    Wouters, P.J.2    van Toor, H.3
  • 25
    • 66149148196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue-specific deiodinase regulation during food restriction and low replacement dose of leptin in rats
    • Araujo R.L., Andrade B.M., da Silva M.L., et al. Tissue-specific deiodinase regulation during food restriction and low replacement dose of leptin in rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009, 296:E1157-E1163.
    • (2009) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.296
    • Araujo, R.L.1    Andrade, B.M.2    da Silva, M.L.3
  • 26
    • 28744449007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone concentrations, disease, physical function, and mortality in elderly men
    • van den Beld A.W., Visser T.J., Feelders R.A., et al. Thyroid hormone concentrations, disease, physical function, and mortality in elderly men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005, 90:6403-6409.
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , pp. 6403-6409
    • van den Beld, A.W.1    Visser, T.J.2    Feelders, R.A.3
  • 27
    • 61449110984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased reverse triiodothyronine is associated with shorter survival in independently-living elderly: the Alsanut study
    • Forestier E., Vinzio S., Sapin R., et al. Increased reverse triiodothyronine is associated with shorter survival in independently-living elderly: the Alsanut study. Eur J Endocrinol 2009, 160:207-214.
    • (2009) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.160 , pp. 207-214
    • Forestier, E.1    Vinzio, S.2    Sapin, R.3
  • 28
    • 42449085372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormones and aging
    • Peeters R.P. Thyroid hormones and aging. Hormones (Athens) 2008, 7:28-35.
    • (2008) Hormones (Athens) , vol.7 , pp. 28-35
    • Peeters, R.P.1
  • 29
    • 76149115219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age- and race-based serum thyrotropin reference limits
    • Surks M.I., Boucai L. Age- and race-based serum thyrotropin reference limits. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010, 95:496-502.
    • (2010) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.95 , pp. 496-502
    • Surks, M.I.1    Boucai, L.2
  • 30
    • 0037925438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory medicine practice guidelines. Laboratory support for the diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid disease
    • Baloch Z., Carayon P., Conte-Devolx B., et al. Laboratory medicine practice guidelines. Laboratory support for the diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid disease. Thyroid 2003, 13:3-126.
    • (2003) Thyroid , vol.13 , pp. 3-126
    • Baloch, Z.1    Carayon, P.2    Conte-Devolx, B.3
  • 31
    • 24344458936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The thyrotropin reference range should remain unchanged
    • Surks M.I., Goswami G., Daniels G.H. The thyrotropin reference range should remain unchanged. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005, 90:5489-5496.
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , pp. 5489-5496
    • Surks, M.I.1    Goswami, G.2    Daniels, G.H.3
  • 32
    • 84867274778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-specific TSH reference ranges have minimal impact on the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction
    • Kahapola-Arachchige K.M., Hadlow N., Wardrop R., et al. Age-specific TSH reference ranges have minimal impact on the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2012, 77:773-779.
    • (2012) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.77 , pp. 773-779
    • Kahapola-Arachchige, K.M.1    Hadlow, N.2    Wardrop, R.3
  • 33
    • 79958846735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis: management guidelines of the American Thyroid Association and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
    • Bahn R.S., Burch H.B., Cooper D.S., et al. Hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis: management guidelines of the American Thyroid Association and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. Thyroid 2011, 21:593-646.
    • (2011) Thyroid , vol.21 , pp. 593-646
    • Bahn, R.S.1    Burch, H.B.2    Cooper, D.S.3
  • 34
    • 84871382539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults: cosponsored by the american association of clinical endocrinologists and the american thyroid association
    • Garber J.R., Cobin R.H., Gharib H., et al. Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults: cosponsored by the american association of clinical endocrinologists and the american thyroid association. Thyroid 2012, 18(6):988-1028.
    • (2012) Thyroid , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 988-1028
    • Garber, J.R.1    Cobin, R.H.2    Gharib, H.3
  • 35
    • 0028050479 scopus 로고
    • Does age play a role in clinical presentation of hypothyroidism?
    • Doucet J., Trivalle C., Chassagne P., et al. Does age play a role in clinical presentation of hypothyroidism?. J Am Geriatr Soc 1994, 42:984-986.
    • (1994) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.42 , pp. 984-986
    • Doucet, J.1    Trivalle, C.2    Chassagne, P.3
  • 36
    • 0030066484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism in older and younger patients
    • Trivalle C., Doucet J., Chassagne P., et al. Differences in the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism in older and younger patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996, 44:50-53.
    • (1996) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.44 , pp. 50-53
    • Trivalle, C.1    Doucet, J.2    Chassagne, P.3
  • 37
    • 84858760674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothyroidism: etiology, diagnosis, and management
    • Almandoz J.P., Gharib H. Hypothyroidism: etiology, diagnosis, and management. Med Clin North Am 2012, 96:203-221.
    • (2012) Med Clin North Am , vol.96 , pp. 203-221
    • Almandoz, J.P.1    Gharib, H.2
  • 38
    • 0029046372 scopus 로고
    • The incidence of thyroid disorders in the community: a twenty-year follow-up of the Whickham Survey
    • Vanderpump M.P., Tunbridge W.M., French J.M., et al. The incidence of thyroid disorders in the community: a twenty-year follow-up of the Whickham Survey. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1995, 43:55-68.
    • (1995) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.43 , pp. 55-68
    • Vanderpump, M.P.1    Tunbridge, W.M.2    French, J.M.3
  • 39
    • 0036235035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothyroidism in patients older than 55 years: an analysis of the etiology and assessment of the effectiveness of therapy
    • Diez J.J. Hypothyroidism in patients older than 55 years: an analysis of the etiology and assessment of the effectiveness of therapy. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2002, 57:M315-M320.
    • (2002) J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci , vol.57
    • Diez, J.J.1
  • 41
    • 84856190005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between iodinated contrast media exposure and incident hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism
    • Rhee C.M., Bhan I., Alexander E.K., et al. Association between iodinated contrast media exposure and incident hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Arch Intern Med 2012, 172:153-159.
    • (2012) Arch Intern Med , vol.172 , pp. 153-159
    • Rhee, C.M.1    Bhan, I.2    Alexander, E.K.3
  • 42
    • 0027945266 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced susceptibility to amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism in patients with thyroid autoimmune disease
    • Martino E., Aghini-Lombardi F., Bartalena L., et al. Enhanced susceptibility to amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism in patients with thyroid autoimmune disease. Arch Intern Med 1994, 154:2722-2726.
    • (1994) Arch Intern Med , vol.154 , pp. 2722-2726
    • Martino, E.1    Aghini-Lombardi, F.2    Bartalena, L.3
  • 43
    • 84941812676 scopus 로고
    • The aging thyroid. Thyroid deficiency in the Framingham Study
    • Sawin C.T., Castelli W.P., Hershman J.M., et al. The aging thyroid. Thyroid deficiency in the Framingham Study. Arch Intern Med 1985, 145:1386-1388.
    • (1985) Arch Intern Med , vol.145 , pp. 1386-1388
    • Sawin, C.T.1    Castelli, W.P.2    Hershman, J.M.3
  • 44
    • 23744504435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The starting dose of levothyroxine in primary hypothyroidism treatment: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial
    • Roos A., Linn-Rasker S.P., van Domburg R.T., et al. The starting dose of levothyroxine in primary hypothyroidism treatment: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. Arch Intern Med 2005, 165:1714-1720.
    • (2005) Arch Intern Med , vol.165 , pp. 1714-1720
    • Roos, A.1    Linn-Rasker, S.P.2    van Domburg, R.T.3
  • 45
    • 0034723754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Colorado thyroid disease prevalence study
    • Canaris G.J., Manowitz N.R., Mayor G., et al. The Colorado thyroid disease prevalence study. Arch Intern Med 2000, 160:526-534.
    • (2000) Arch Intern Med , vol.160 , pp. 526-534
    • Canaris, G.J.1    Manowitz, N.R.2    Mayor, G.3
  • 46
    • 0027481211 scopus 로고
    • Thyroxine prescription in the community: serum thyroid stimulating hormone level assays as an indicator of undertreatment or overtreatment
    • Parle J.V., Franklyn J.A., Cross K.W., et al. Thyroxine prescription in the community: serum thyroid stimulating hormone level assays as an indicator of undertreatment or overtreatment. Br J Gen Pract 1993, 43:107-109.
    • (1993) Br J Gen Pract , vol.43 , pp. 107-109
    • Parle, J.V.1    Franklyn, J.A.2    Cross, K.W.3
  • 47
    • 65249182698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High frequency of and factors associated with thyroid hormone over-replacement and under-replacement in men and women aged 65 and over
    • Somwaru L.L., Arnold A.M., Joshi N., et al. High frequency of and factors associated with thyroid hormone over-replacement and under-replacement in men and women aged 65 and over. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009, 94:1342-1345.
    • (2009) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.94 , pp. 1342-1345
    • Somwaru, L.L.1    Arnold, A.M.2    Joshi, N.3
  • 48
    • 84859104026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical thyroid disease
    • Cooper D.S., Biondi B. Subclinical thyroid disease. Lancet 2012, 379:1142-1154.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.379 , pp. 1142-1154
    • Cooper, D.S.1    Biondi, B.2
  • 49
    • 9144238095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical thyroid disease: scientific review and guidelines for diagnosis and management
    • Surks M.I., Ortiz E., Daniels G.H., et al. Subclinical thyroid disease: scientific review and guidelines for diagnosis and management. JAMA 2004, 291:228-238.
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.291 , pp. 228-238
    • Surks, M.I.1    Ortiz, E.2    Daniels, G.H.3
  • 50
    • 0025271703 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid dysfunction in adults over age 55 years. A study in an urban US community
    • Bagchi N., Brown T.R., Parish R.F. Thyroid dysfunction in adults over age 55 years. A study in an urban US community. Arch Intern Med 1990, 150:785-787.
    • (1990) Arch Intern Med , vol.150 , pp. 785-787
    • Bagchi, N.1    Brown, T.R.2    Parish, R.F.3
  • 51
    • 33745679146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of iodine intake on thyroid diseases in China
    • Teng W., Shan Z., Teng X., et al. Effect of iodine intake on thyroid diseases in China. N Engl J Med 2006, 354:2783-2793.
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.354 , pp. 2783-2793
    • Teng, W.1    Shan, Z.2    Teng, X.3
  • 52
    • 84864760738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural history, diagnosis and management of subclinical thyroid dysfunction
    • Biondi B. Natural history, diagnosis and management of subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012, 26:431-446.
    • (2012) Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.26 , pp. 431-446
    • Biondi, B.1
  • 53
    • 84861964918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural history of subclinical hypothyroidism in the elderly: the cardiovascular health study
    • Somwaru L.L., Rariy C.M., Arnold A.M., et al. The natural history of subclinical hypothyroidism in the elderly: the cardiovascular health study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012, 97:1962-1969.
    • (2012) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.97 , pp. 1962-1969
    • Somwaru, L.L.1    Rariy, C.M.2    Arnold, A.M.3
  • 54
    • 39149116328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical significance of subclinical thyroid dysfunction
    • Biondi B., Cooper D.S. The clinical significance of subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Endocr Rev 2008, 29:76-131.
    • (2008) Endocr Rev , vol.29 , pp. 76-131
    • Biondi, B.1    Cooper, D.S.2
  • 55
    • 6344260221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous subclinical hypothyroidism in patients older than 55 years: an analysis of natural course and risk factors for the development of overt thyroid failure
    • Diez J.J., Iglesias P. Spontaneous subclinical hypothyroidism in patients older than 55 years: an analysis of natural course and risk factors for the development of overt thyroid failure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004, 89:4890-4897.
    • (2004) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.89 , pp. 4890-4897
    • Diez, J.J.1    Iglesias, P.2
  • 56
    • 77749240132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyrotropin and thyroid antibodies as predictors of hypothyroidism: a 13-year, longitudinal study of a community-based cohort using current immunoassay techniques
    • Walsh J.P., Bremner A.P., Feddema P., et al. Thyrotropin and thyroid antibodies as predictors of hypothyroidism: a 13-year, longitudinal study of a community-based cohort using current immunoassay techniques. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010, 95:1095-1104.
    • (2010) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.95 , pp. 1095-1104
    • Walsh, J.P.1    Bremner, A.P.2    Feddema, P.3
  • 57
    • 43249106435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antithyroperoxidase and antithyroglobulin antibodies in a five-year follow-up survey of populations with different iodine intakes
    • Li Y., Teng D., Shan Z., et al. Antithyroperoxidase and antithyroglobulin antibodies in a five-year follow-up survey of populations with different iodine intakes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008, 93:1751-1757.
    • (2008) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.93 , pp. 1751-1757
    • Li, Y.1    Teng, D.2    Shan, Z.3
  • 58
    • 80053549537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous subclinical thyroid disorders, physical and cognitive function, depression, and mortality in older individuals
    • de Jongh R.T., Lips P., van Schoor N.M., et al. Endogenous subclinical thyroid disorders, physical and cognitive function, depression, and mortality in older individuals. Eur J Endocrinol 2011, 165:545-554.
    • (2011) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.165 , pp. 545-554
    • de Jongh, R.T.1    Lips, P.2    van Schoor, N.M.3
  • 59
    • 33750739770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is subclinical thyroid dysfunction in the elderly associated with depression or cognitive dysfunction?
    • Roberts L.M., Pattison H., Roalfe A., et al. Is subclinical thyroid dysfunction in the elderly associated with depression or cognitive dysfunction?. Ann Intern Med 2006, 145:573-581.
    • (2006) Ann Intern Med , vol.145 , pp. 573-581
    • Roberts, L.M.1    Pattison, H.2    Roalfe, A.3
  • 60
    • 73249141469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism and functional mobility in older adults
    • Simonsick E.M., Newman A.B., Ferrucci L., et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism and functional mobility in older adults. Arch Intern Med 2009, 169:2011-2017.
    • (2009) Arch Intern Med , vol.169 , pp. 2011-2017
    • Simonsick, E.M.1    Newman, A.B.2    Ferrucci, L.3
  • 61
    • 78649682543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and incident hip fracture in older adults
    • Lee J.S., Buzkova P., Fink H.A., et al. Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and incident hip fracture in older adults. Arch Intern Med 2010, 170:1876-1883.
    • (2010) Arch Intern Med , vol.170 , pp. 1876-1883
    • Lee, J.S.1    Buzkova, P.2    Fink, H.A.3
  • 62
    • 0034489375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism affects quality of life and cardiac morphology and function in young and middle-aged patients
    • Biondi B., Palmieri E.A., Fazio S., et al. Endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism affects quality of life and cardiac morphology and function in young and middle-aged patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000, 85:4701-4705.
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.85 , pp. 4701-4705
    • Biondi, B.1    Palmieri, E.A.2    Fazio, S.3
  • 63
    • 51849157522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical thyroid dysfunction, cardiac function, and the risk of heart failure. The Cardiovascular Health study
    • Rodondi N., Bauer D.C., Cappola A.R., et al. Subclinical thyroid dysfunction, cardiac function, and the risk of heart failure. The Cardiovascular Health study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008, 52:1152-1159.
    • (2008) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.52 , pp. 1152-1159
    • Rodondi, N.1    Bauer, D.C.2    Cappola, A.R.3
  • 64
    • 77951640269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incidence of ischemic heart disease and mortality in people with subclinical hypothyroidism: reanalysis of the Whickham Survey cohort
    • Razvi S., Weaver J.U., Vanderpump M.P., et al. The incidence of ischemic heart disease and mortality in people with subclinical hypothyroidism: reanalysis of the Whickham Survey cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010, 95:1734-1740.
    • (2010) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.95 , pp. 1734-1740
    • Razvi, S.1    Weaver, J.U.2    Vanderpump, M.P.3
  • 65
    • 84861715746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levothyroxine treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism, fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, and mortality
    • Razvi S., Weaver J.U., Butler T.J., et al. Levothyroxine treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism, fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, and mortality. Arch Intern Med 2012, 172:811-817.
    • (2012) Arch Intern Med , vol.172 , pp. 811-817
    • Razvi, S.1    Weaver, J.U.2    Butler, T.J.3
  • 66
    • 84864212865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical thyroid disorders
    • [author reply: 336-7]
    • Goichot B., Vinzio S. Subclinical thyroid disorders. Lancet 2012, 380:335. [author reply: 336-7].
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , pp. 335
    • Goichot, B.1    Vinzio, S.2
  • 67
    • 84864212865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical thyroid disorders
    • [author reply: 336-7]
    • Mooijaart S.P. Subclinical thyroid disorders. Lancet 2012, 380:335. [author reply: 336-7].
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , pp. 335
    • Mooijaart, S.P.1
  • 68
    • 84864212865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical thyroid disorders
    • [author reply: 336-7]
    • Quinn T.J., Gussekloo J., Kearney P., et al. Subclinical thyroid disorders. Lancet 2012, 380:335-336. [author reply: 336-7].
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.380 , pp. 335-336
    • Quinn, T.J.1    Gussekloo, J.2    Kearney, P.3
  • 69
    • 0017757504 scopus 로고
    • The spectrum of thyroid disease in a community: the Whickham survey
    • Tunbridge W.M., Evered D.C., Hall R., et al. The spectrum of thyroid disease in a community: the Whickham survey. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1977, 7:481-493.
    • (1977) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.7 , pp. 481-493
    • Tunbridge, W.M.1    Evered, D.C.2    Hall, R.3
  • 70
    • 0041384417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperthyroidism in patients older than 55 years: an analysis of the etiology and management
    • Diez J.J. Hyperthyroidism in patients older than 55 years: an analysis of the etiology and management. Gerontology 2003, 49:316-323.
    • (2003) Gerontology , vol.49 , pp. 316-323
    • Diez, J.J.1
  • 71
    • 0025851976 scopus 로고
    • High incidence of multinodular toxic goitre in the elderly population in a low iodine intake area vs. high incidence of Graves' disease in the young in a high iodine intake area: comparative surveys of thyrotoxicosis epidemiology in East-Jutland Denmark and Iceland
    • Laurberg P., Pedersen K.M., Vestergaard H., et al. High incidence of multinodular toxic goitre in the elderly population in a low iodine intake area vs. high incidence of Graves' disease in the young in a high iodine intake area: comparative surveys of thyrotoxicosis epidemiology in East-Jutland Denmark and Iceland. J Intern Med 1991, 229:415-420.
    • (1991) J Intern Med , vol.229 , pp. 415-420
    • Laurberg, P.1    Pedersen, K.M.2    Vestergaard, H.3
  • 72
    • 34248507213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between serum free thyroxine concentration and atrial fibrillation
    • Gammage M.D., Parle J.V., Holder R.L., et al. Association between serum free thyroxine concentration and atrial fibrillation. Arch Intern Med 2007, 167:928-934.
    • (2007) Arch Intern Med , vol.167 , pp. 928-934
    • Gammage, M.D.1    Parle, J.V.2    Holder, R.L.3
  • 73
    • 55949101427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-normal thyroid function and risk of atrial fibrillation: the Rotterdam study
    • Heeringa J., Hoogendoorn E.H., van der Deure W.M., et al. High-normal thyroid function and risk of atrial fibrillation: the Rotterdam study. Arch Intern Med 2008, 168:2219-2224.
    • (2008) Arch Intern Med , vol.168 , pp. 2219-2224
    • Heeringa, J.1    Hoogendoorn, E.H.2    van der Deure, W.M.3
  • 74
    • 0021187418 scopus 로고
    • Thyrotoxicosis in institutionalized elderly patients with atrial fibrillation
    • Cobler J.L., Williams M.E., Greenland P. Thyrotoxicosis in institutionalized elderly patients with atrial fibrillation. Arch Intern Med 1984, 144:1758-1760.
    • (1984) Arch Intern Med , vol.144 , pp. 1758-1760
    • Cobler, J.L.1    Williams, M.E.2    Greenland, P.3
  • 75
    • 84859102483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyrotoxicosis
    • Franklyn J.A., Boelaert K. Thyrotoxicosis. Lancet 2012, 379:1155-1166.
    • (2012) Lancet , vol.379 , pp. 1155-1166
    • Franklyn, J.A.1    Boelaert, K.2
  • 77
    • 33644584065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid status, cardiovascular risk, and mortality in older adults
    • Cappola A.R., Fried L.P., Arnold A.M., et al. Thyroid status, cardiovascular risk, and mortality in older adults. JAMA 2006, 295:1033-1041.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.295 , pp. 1033-1041
    • Cappola, A.R.1    Fried, L.P.2    Arnold, A.M.3
  • 78
    • 78650905631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Thyroid Epidemiology, Audit, and Research Study (TEARS): the natural history of endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism
    • Vadiveloo T., Donnan P.T., Cochrane L., et al. The Thyroid Epidemiology, Audit, and Research Study (TEARS): the natural history of endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011, 96:E1-E8.
    • (2011) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.96
    • Vadiveloo, T.1    Donnan, P.T.2    Cochrane, L.3
  • 79
    • 0031767560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iodine intake and the pattern of thyroid disorders: a comparative epidemiological study of thyroid abnormalities in the elderly in Iceland and in Jutland, Denmark
    • Laurberg P., Pedersen K.M., Hreidarsson A., et al. Iodine intake and the pattern of thyroid disorders: a comparative epidemiological study of thyroid abnormalities in the elderly in Iceland and in Jutland, Denmark. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998, 83:765-769.
    • (1998) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.83 , pp. 765-769
    • Laurberg, P.1    Pedersen, K.M.2    Hreidarsson, A.3
  • 80
    • 34547179429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum thyrotropin measurements in the community: five-year follow-up in a large network of primary care physicians
    • Meyerovitch J., Rotman-Pikielny P., Sherf M., et al. Serum thyrotropin measurements in the community: five-year follow-up in a large network of primary care physicians. Arch Intern Med 2007, 167:1533-1538.
    • (2007) Arch Intern Med , vol.167 , pp. 1533-1538
    • Meyerovitch, J.1    Rotman-Pikielny, P.2    Sherf, M.3
  • 81
    • 0026020685 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and follow-up of abnormal thyrotrophin (TSH) concentrations in the elderly in the United Kingdom
    • Parle J.V., Franklyn J.A., Cross K.W., et al. Prevalence and follow-up of abnormal thyrotrophin (TSH) concentrations in the elderly in the United Kingdom. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1991, 34:77-83.
    • (1991) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.34 , pp. 77-83
    • Parle, J.V.1    Franklyn, J.A.2    Cross, K.W.3
  • 82
    • 0026029819 scopus 로고
    • Low serum thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone) in older persons without hyperthyroidism
    • Sawin C.T., Geller A., Kaplan M.M., et al. Low serum thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone) in older persons without hyperthyroidism. Arch Intern Med 1991, 151:165-168.
    • (1991) Arch Intern Med , vol.151 , pp. 165-168
    • Sawin, C.T.1    Geller, A.2    Kaplan, M.M.3
  • 83
    • 0027997922 scopus 로고
    • Low serum thyrotropin concentrations as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in older persons
    • Sawin C.T., Geller A., Wolf P.A., et al. Low serum thyrotropin concentrations as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in older persons. N Engl J Med 1994, 331:1249-1252.
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.331 , pp. 1249-1252
    • Sawin, C.T.1    Geller, A.2    Wolf, P.A.3
  • 84
    • 0026352893 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid dysfunction in 85-year-old men and women. Influence of non-thyroidal illness and drug treatment
    • Sundbeck G., Eden S., Jagenburg R., et al. Thyroid dysfunction in 85-year-old men and women. Influence of non-thyroidal illness and drug treatment. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1991, 125:475-486.
    • (1991) Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) , vol.125 , pp. 475-486
    • Sundbeck, G.1    Eden, S.2    Jagenburg, R.3
  • 85
    • 80955131492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild thyroid hormone excess is associated with a decreased physical function in elderly men
    • Ceresini G., Ceda G.P., Lauretani F., et al. Mild thyroid hormone excess is associated with a decreased physical function in elderly men. Aging Male 2011, 14:213-219.
    • (2011) Aging Male , vol.14 , pp. 213-219
    • Ceresini, G.1    Ceda, G.P.2    Lauretani, F.3
  • 86
    • 84861665780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hyperthyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease and mortality
    • Collet T.H., Gussekloo J., Bauer D.C., et al. Subclinical hyperthyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease and mortality. Arch Intern Med 2012, 172:799-809.
    • (2012) Arch Intern Med , vol.172 , pp. 799-809
    • Collet, T.H.1    Gussekloo, J.2    Bauer, D.C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.