Amiodarone and thyroid

Best Practice and Research: Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volumn 23, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 735-751

  Eskes, Silvia A ^a   Wiersinga, Wilmar M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

amiodarone; amiodarone induced hypothyroidism; amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis; diagnosis; dronedarone; thyroid function tests; treatment

Indexed keywords

AMIODARONE; CARBIMAZOLE; DEETHYLAMIODARONE; DRONEDARONE; IODINE 131; IOPANOIC ACID; L 33520; LEVOTHYROXINE; LITHIUM SALT; POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE; PREDNISONE; PROPYLTHIOURACIL; RADIOACTIVE IODINE; SR 33589B; THIAMAZOLE; THIONAMIDE DERIVATIVE; THYROID PEROXIDASE ANTIBODY; THYROTROPIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

AGRANULOCYTOSIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG ELIMINATION; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG INDUCED DISEASE; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG STRUCTURE; DRUG TISSUE LEVEL; DRUG TRANSFORMATION; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HEART VENTRICLE ARRHYTHMIA; HUMAN; HYPOTHYROIDISM; INCIDENCE; IODINE DEFICIENCY; LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS; MONOTHERAPY; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PREGNANCY; PREVALENCE; REVIEW; THYROID DISEASE; THYROIDECTOMY; THYROTOXICOSIS; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT;

AMIODARONE; ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MALE; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS, CARDIOVASCULAR; THYROID FUNCTION TESTS; THYROID GLAND; THYROTOXICOSIS; THYROTROPIN;

EID: 71749111932     PISSN: 1521690X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2009.07.001     Document Type: Review

References (78)

1. Singh B.N. Amiodarone as paradigm for developing new drugs for atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 52 (2008) 300-305
2. Wiersinga W.M. Amiodarone and the thyroid. In: Weetman A.P., and Grossman A. (Eds). Pharmacotherapeutics of the thyroid gland (1997), Springer, Berlin 225-287
3. Martino E., Bartalena L., Bogazzi F., et al. The effects of amiodarone on the thyroid. Endocrine Reviews 22 (2001) 240-254
4. Rabkin S.W. Effect of amiodarone on phospholipid content and composition in heart, lung, kidney and skeletal muscle: relationship to alteration in thyroid function. Pharmacology 76 (2006) 129-135
5. Yamazaki K., Mitsubashi T., Yamada E., et al. Amiodarone reversibly decreases sodium-iodide symporter mRNA expression at therapeutic concentrations and induces antioxidant responses at supraphysiological concentrations in cultured human thyroid follicles. Thyroid 17 (2007) 1189-1200
6. Wiersinga W.M. Pharmacological effects of amiodarone and dronedarone on cardiac thyroid hormone receptors. In: Iervasi G., and Pingitore A. (Eds). Thyroid and heart failure (2009), Springer-Verlag, Italia 89-95
7. Bakker O., van Beeren H.C., and Wiersinga W.M. Desethylamiodarone is a noncompetitive inhibitor of the binding of thyroid hormone to the thyroid hormone β1-receptor protein. Endocrinology 134 (1994) 1665-1670
8. Van Beeren H.C., Bakker O., and Wiersinga W.M. Desethylamiodarone is a competitive inhibitor of thyroid hormone binding to the thyroid hormone α1-receptor. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 112 (1995) 15-19
9. Van Beeren H.C., Bakker O., and Wiersinga W.M. Desethylamiodarone interferes with the binding of co-activitor GRIP to the β1-thyroid hormone receptor. FEBS Letters 450 (1999) 35-38
10. Bogazzi F., Bartalena L., Brogioni S., et al. Desethylamiodarone antagonizes the effect of thyroid hormone at the molecular level. European Journal of Endocrinology 145 (2001) 59-64
11. Pantos C., Mourouzis I., Xinaris C., et al. Thyroid hormone and "cardiac metamorphosis": potential therapeutic implications. Pharmacology & Therapeutics 118 (2008) 277-294
12. Wiersinga W.M., Trip M.D., van Beeren H.C., et al. An increase in plasma cholesterol independent of thyroid function during long-term amiodarone therapy. A dose-dependent relationship. Annales of Internal Medicine 114 (1991) 128-132
13. Hudig F., Bakker O., and Wiersinga W.M. Amiodarone decreases gene expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor at both the mRNA and the protein level. Metabolism 47 (1998) 1052-1057
14. 1-triiodothyronine binding to thyroid hormone receptor α: in vitro and in vivo evidence. Endocrinology 144 (2003) 552-558
15. Rao R.H., McReady V.R., and Spathis G.S. Iodine kinetic studies during amiodarone treatment. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 62 (1986) 563-567
16. Melmed S., Nademanee K., Reed A.W., et al. Hyperthyroxinemia with bradycardia and normal thyrotropin secretion after chronic amiodarone administration. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 53 (1981) 997-1001
17. Newman C.M., Price A., Davies D.W., et al. Amiodarone and the thyroid: a practical guide to the management of thyroid dysfunction induced by amiodarone therapy. Heart 79 (1998) 121-127
18. Basaria S., and Cooper D.S. Amiodarone and the thyroid. The American Journal of Medicine 118 (2005) 706-714
19. Tanda M.L., Piantanida E., Lai A., et al. Diagnosis and management of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis: similarities and differences between North American and European thyroidologists. Clinical Endocrinology 69 (2008) 612-618
20. Diehl L.A., Romaldini J.H., Graf H., et al. Management of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis in Latin America: an electronic survey. Clinical Endocrinology 65 (2006) 433-438
21. Bongard V., Delay M., Vigreux P., et al. Incidence rate of adverse drug reactions during long-term follow-up of patients newly treated with amiodarone. American Journal of Therapeutics 13 (2006) 315-319
22. Batcher E.L., Tang C., Singh B.N., et al. Thyroid function abnormalities during amiodarone therapy for persistent atrial fibrillation. The American Journal of Medicine 120 (2007) 880-885
23. Hofmann A., Nawara C., Ofluoglu S., et al. Incidence and predictability of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift 120 (2008) 493-498
24. Goldschlager N., Epstein A.E., Narcarelli G., et al. Practical guidelines for clinicians who treat patients with amiodarone. Archives of Internal Medicine 160 (2000) 1741-1748
25. Stelfox H.T., Ahmed S.B., Fiskio J., et al. Monitoring amiodarone's toxicities: recommendations, evidence, and clinical practice. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 75 (2004) 110-122
26. Trip M.D., Wiersinga W.M., and Plomp T.A. Incidence, predictability, and pathogenesis of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism. The American Journal of Medicine 91 (1991) 507-511
27. Burgess C., Blaikic A., Ingham T., et al. Monitoring the use of amiodarone: compliance with guidelines. Internal Medicine Journal 36 (2006) 289-293
28. Bickford C.L., and Spencer A.P. Adherence to the NASPE guideline for amiodarone monitoring at a medical university. Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy 12 (2006) 254-259
29. Raebel N.A., Carroll N.M., Simon S.R., et al. Liver and thyroid monitoring in ambulatory patients prescribed amiodarone in 10 HMOs. Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy 12 (2006) 656-664
30. Bogazzi F., Bartalena L., Tomisti L., et al. Potassium perchlorate only temporarily restores euthyroidism in patients with amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism who continue amiodarone therapy. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 31 (2008) 515-519
31. Wiersinga W.M., Touber J.L., Trip M.D., et al. Uninhibited thyroidal uptake of radioiodine despite iodine excess in amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 63 (1986) 485-491
32. Pitsiavas V., Smerdely P., and Boyages S.C. Amiodarone compared with iodine exhibits a potent and persistent inhibitory effect on TSH-stimulated cAMP production in vivo: a possible mechanism to explain amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism. European Journal of Endocrinology 140 (1999) 241-249
33. 1-monophosphate- and iodine-independent mechanism. Endocrinology 147 (2006) 2936-2943
34. Martino E., Mariotti S., Aghini-Lombardi F., et al. Short term administration of potassium perchlorate restores euthyroidism in amiodarone iodine-induced hypothyroidism. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 63 (1986) 1233-1236
35. Van Dam E.W.C.M., Prummel M.F., Wiersinga W.M., et al. Treatment of amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism with potassium perchlorate. The Netherlands Journal of Medicine 42 (1993) 21-24
36. Fradkin J.E., and Wolff J. Iodide-induced thyrotoxicosis. Medicine 62 (1983) 1-20
37. Chiovato L., Martino E., Tonacchera M., et al. Studies on the in vitro cytotoxic effect of amiodarone. Endocrinology 134 (1994) 2272-2282
38. Pitsiavas V., Smerdely P., Li M., et al. Amiodarone induces a different pattern of ultrastructural change in the thyroid to iodine excess alone in both the BB/W rat and the Wistar rat. European Journal of Endocrinology 137 (1997) 89-98
39. Wiersinga W.M. Towards an animal model of amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction. European Journal of Endocrinology 137 (1997) 15-17
40. Smyrk T.C., Goellner J.R., Brennan M.D., et al. Pathology of the thyroid in amiodarone-associated thyrotoxicosis. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology 11 (1987) 197-204
41. Brennan M.D., Erickson D.L., Carney J.A., et al. Nongoitrous (type II) amiodarone-associated thyrotoxicosis: evidence of follicular disruption in vitro and in vivo. Thyroid 5 (1995) 177-183
42. Bogazzi E., Dell'Unto E., Tanda M.L., et al. Long-term outcome of thyroid function after amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis, as compared to subacute thyroiditis. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 29 (2006) 694-699
43. Bogazzi F., Bartalena L., Dell'Unto E., et al. Proportion of type 1 and type 2 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis has changed over a 27-year period in Italy. Clinical Endocrinology 67 (2007) 533-537
44. O'Sullivan A.J., Lewis M., and Diamond T. Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis: left ventricular dysfunction is associated with increased mortality. European Journal of Endocrinology 154 (2006) 533-536
45. Conen D., Melly L., Kaufmann C., et al. Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. Clinical course and predictors of outcome. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 49 (2007) 2350-2355
46. Kurt I.H., Yigit T., and Karademir B.M. Atrial fibrillation due to late amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. Clinical Drug Investigation 28 (2008) 527-531
47. Bartalena L., Grasso L., Brogioni S., et al. Serum IL-6 in amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 78 (1994) 423-427
48. Daniels G.H. Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 86 (2001) 3-8
49. Eaton S.E., Euinton H.A., Newman C.M., et al. Clinical experience of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis over a 3-year period: role of colour-flow Doppler sonography. Clinical Endocrinology 56 (2002) 33-38
50. Erdogan M.F., Gülec S., and Tutar E. Başkal N, Erdogan G. A stepwise approach to the treatment of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid 13 (2003) 205-209
51. Pearce E.N., Bogazzi F., Martino E., et al. The prevalence of elevated serum C-reactive protein levels in inflammatory and noninflammatory thyroid disease. Thyroid 13 (2003) 643-648
52. Bogazzi F., Bartalena L., Brogioni S., et al. Color flow Doppler sonography rapidly differentiates type I and type II amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid 7 (1997) 541-545
53. Loy M., Perra E., Melis A., et al. Color-flow Doppler sonography in the differential diagnosis and management of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. Acta Radiologica 48 (2007) 628-634
54. Macedo T.A.A., Chammas M.C., Jorge P.T., et al. Differentiation between the two types of amiodarone-associated thyrotoxicosis using duplex and amplitude Doppler sonography. Acta Radiologica 48 (2007) 412-421
55. Piga M., Cocco M.C., Serra A., et al. The usefulness of 99mTc-sestaMIBI thyroid scan in the differential diagnosis and management of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. European Journal of Endocrinology 159 (2008) 423-429
56. Kuzaik D., Loebstein R., Farfel Z., et al. Complex drug-drug-disease interactions between amiodarone, warfarin, and the thyroid gland. Medicine 83 (2004) 107-113
57. Trip M.D., Duren D.R., and Wiersinga W.M. Two cases of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis successfully treated with a short course of antithyroid drugs while amiodarone was continued. British Heart Journal 72 (1994) 266-268
58. Dickstein G., Shechner C., Adawi F., et al. Lithium treatment in amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. The American Journal of Medicine 102 (1997) 454-458
59. Bogazzi F., Bartalena L., Cosci C., et al. Treatment of type II amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis by either iopanoic acid or glucocorticoids: a prospective, randomized study. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 88 (2003) 1999-2002
60. Houghton S.G., Farley D.R., Brennan M.D., et al. Surgical management of amiodarone-associated thyrotoxicosis: Mayo Clinic experience. World Journal of Surgery 28 (2004) 1083-1087
61. Gough J., and Gough I.R. Total thyroidectomy for amiodarone-associated thyrotoxicosis in patients with severe cardiac disease. World Journal of Surgery 30 (2006) 1957-1961
62. Berti P., Materazzi G., Bogazzi F., et al. Combination of minimally invasive thyroid surgery and local anaesthesia associated to iopanoic acid for patients with amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis and severe cardiac disorders: a pilot study. Langenbecks Archive Surgery 392 (2007) 709-713
63. Albino C.C., Paz-Filho G., and Graf H. Recombinant human TSH as an adjuvant to radioiodine for the treatment of type 1 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT). Clinical Endocrinology 70 (2009) 810-811
64. Bogazzi F., Tomisti L., Ceccarelli C., et al. Recombinant human TSH as an adjuvant to radioiodine for the treatment of type 1 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis: a cautionary note. Clinical Endocrinology (2009 Mar 30) [Epub ahead of print]
65. Gursoy A., Tutuncu N.B., Gencoglu A., et al. Radioactive iodine in the treatment of type 2 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. Journal of the National Medical Association 100 (2008) 706-719
66. Osman F., Franklyn J.A., Sheppard M.C., et al. Successful treatment of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. Circulation 105 (2002) 1275-1277
67. Uzan L., Guignat L., Meune C., et al. Continuation of amiodarone therapy despite type II amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. Drug Safety 29 (2006) 231-236
68. Franklyn J.A., and Gammage M.D. Treatment of amiodarone-associated thyrotoxicosis. Nature Clinical Practice. Endocrinology & Metabolism 3 (2007) 662-666
69. Bogazzi F., Bartalena L., Tomisti L., et al. Glucocorticoid response in amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis resulting from destructive thyroditis is predicted by thyroid volume and serum free thyroid hormone concentrations. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 92 (2007) 556-562
70. Han T.S., Williams G.R., and Vanderpump M.P.J. Benzofuran derivatives and the thyroid. Clinical Endocrinology 70 (2009) 2-13
71. Ryan L.E., Braverman L.E., Cooper D.S., et al. Can amiodarone be restarted after amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis?. Thyroid 14 (2004) 149-153
72. Sato K., Shiga T., Matsuda N., et al. Mild and short recurrence of type II amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis in three patients receiving amiodarone continuously for more than 10 years. Endocrine Journal 53 (2006) 531-538
73. Yiu K.-H., Jim M.-H., Siu C.-W., et al. Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis is a predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcome. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 94 (2009) 109-114
74. Bartalena L., Bogazzi F., Braverman L.E., et al. Effects of amiodarone administration during pregnancy on neonatal thyroid function and subsequent neurodevelopment. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 24 (2001) 116-130
75. Wegener F.T., Ehrlich J.R., and Hohnloser S.H. Dronedarone: an emerging agent with rhythm- and rate-controlling effects. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 17 S2 (2006) 17-20
76. Pantos C., Mourouzis I., Malliopoulou V., et al. Dronedarone administration prevents body weight gain and increases tolerance of the heart to ischemic stress: a possible involvement of thyroid hormone receptor α1. Thyroid 15 (2005) 16-23
77. Singh B.N., Connolly S.J., Crijns H.J.G.M., et al. Dronedarone for maintenance of sinus rhythm in atrial fibrillation or flutter. The New England Journal of Medicine 357 (2007) 987-999
78. Hohnloser S.H., Crijns H.J.G.M., van Eickels M., et al. Effect of dronedarone on cardiovascular events in atrial fibrillation. The New England Journal of Medicine 360 (2009) 668-678