Changes in silicate utilisation and upwelling intensity off Peru since the Last Glacial Maximum - insights from silicon and neodymium isotopes

Quaternary Science Reviews

Volumn 72, Issue , 2013, Pages 18-35

  Ehlert, C ^a   Grasse, P ^a   Frank, M ^a  

^a GEOMAR HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR OCEAN RESEARCH KIEL   (Germany)

Author keywords

Diatoms; ENSO intensity; Neodymium isotopes; Peruvian upwelling; Silicate utilisation; Silicon isotopes; Upwelling intensity

Indexed keywords

DIATOMS; ENSO INTENSITY; NEODYMIUM ISOTOPES; PERUVIAN UPWELLING; SILICON ISOTOPES; UPWELLING INTENSITY;

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; COATINGS; GLACIAL GEOLOGY; ISOTOPES; NEODYMIUM; PHYTOPLANKTON; SEAWATER; SEDIMENTOLOGY; SEDIMENTS; SILICATES; SILICON; SUBMARINE GEOLOGY;

STRONTIUM;

DIATOM; DISSOLVED MATTER; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; NEODYMIUM ISOTOPE; RADIONUCLIDE; SEDIMENT CORE; SILICATE; SILICON; STABLE ISOTOPE; UPWELLING;

PERU;

EID: 84877892864     PISSN: 02773791     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.04.013     Document Type: Article

References (132)

1. Abrantes F., Lopes C., Mix A.C., Pisias N.G. Diatoms in southeast Pacific surface sediments reflect environmental properties. Quaternary Science Reviews 2007, 26(1-2):155-169. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.02.022.
2. Agnihotri R., Altabet M.A., Herbert T.D., Tierney J.E. Subdecadally resolved paleoceanography of the Peru margin during the last two millennia. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 2008, 9:Q05013. 10.1029/2007GC001744.
3. Albarède F., Telouk P., Blichert-Toft J., Boyet M., Agranier A., Nelson B.K. Precise and accurate isotopic measurements using multiple-collector ICPMS. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2004, 68(12):2725-2744. 10.1016/j.gca.2003.11.024.
4. Amakawa H., Sasaki K., Ebihara M. Nd isotopic composition in the central North Pacific. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2009, 73(16):4705-4719. 10.1016/j.gca.2009.05.058.
5. Arellano-Torres E., Pichevin L.E., Ganeshram R.S. High-resolution opal records from the eastern tropical Pacific provide evidence for silicic acid leakage from HNLC regions during glacial periods. Quaternary Science Reviews 2011, 30(9-10):1112-1121. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.02.002.
6. Baines S.B., Twining B.S., Brzezinski M.A., Nelson D.M., Fisher N.S. Causes and biogeochemical implications of regional differences in silicification of marine diatoms. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 2010, 24:GB4031. 10.1029/2010GB003856.
7. Baker P.A., Seltzer G.O., Fritz S.C., Dunbar R.B., Grove M.J., Tapia P.M., Cross S.L., Rowe H.D., Broda J.P. The history of South American tropical precipitation for the past 25,000 years. Science 2001, 291:640-643. 10.1126/science.291.5504.640.
8. Barber R.T., Chavez F.P. Biological consequences of El Nino. Science 1983, 222:1203-1210. 10.1126/science.222.4629.1203.
9. Barrat J.A., Keller F., Amossé J., Taylor R.N., Nesbitt R.W., Hirata T. Determination of Rare Earth Elements in sixteen silicate reference samples by ICP-MS after Tm addition and ion exchange separation. Geostandards Newsletter 1996, 20(1):133-139.
10. Bendix J. Precipitation dynamics in Ecuador and northern Peru during the 1991/92 El Nino: a remote sensing perspective. International Journal of Remote Sensing 2000, 21(3):533-548.
11. Beucher C.P., Brzezinski M.A., Jones J.L. Sources and biological fractionation of Silicon isotopes in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2008, 72(13):3063-3073. 10.1016/j.gca.2008.04.021.
12. Beucher C.P., Brzezinski M.A., Jones J.L. Mechanisms controlling silicon isotope distribution in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2011, 75:4286-4294. 10.1016/j.gca.2011.05.024.
13. Bidle K.D., Azam F. Accelerated dissolution of diatom silica by marine bacterial assemblages. Nature 1999, 397:508-512.
14. Bostock H.C., Opdyke B.N., Williams M.J.M. Characterising the intermediate depth waters of the Pacific Ocean using δ13C and other geochemical tracers. Deep-Sea Research I 2010, 57(7):847-859. 10.1016/j.dsr.2010.04.005.
15. Boyle E.A. Cadmium, zinc, copper and barium in foraminifera tests. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1981, 53:11-35.
16. Bradtmiller L.I., Anderson R.F., Fleisher M.Q., Burckle L.H. Diatom productivity in the equatorial Pacific Ocean from the last glacial period to the present: a test of the silicic acid leakage hypothesis. Paleoceanography 2006, 21:PA4201. 10.1029/2006PA001282.
17. Brink K.H., Halpern D., Huyer A., Smith R.L. The physical environment of the Peruvian upwelling system. Progress in Oceanography 1983, 12:285-305.
18. Brodie I., Kemp A.E.S. Variation in biogenic and detrital fluxes and formation of laminae in late Quaternary sediments from the Peruvian coastal upwelling zone. Marine Geology 1994, 116(3-4):385-398. 10.1016/0025-3227(94)90053-1.
19. Bruland K.W., Rue E.L., Smith G.J., DiTullio G.R. Iron, macronutrients and diatom blooms in the Peru upwelling regime: brown and blue waters of Peru. Marine Chemistry 2005, 93(2-4):81-103. 10.1016/j.marchem.2004.06.011.
20. Brzezinski M.A., et al. Co-limitation of diatoms by iron and silicic acid in the equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Research II 2011, 58(3-4):493-511. 10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.08.005.
21. Brzezinski M.A., Jones J.L., Bidle K.D., Azam F. The balance between silica production and silica dissolution in the sea: insights from Monterey Bay, California, applied to the global data set. Limnology and Oceanography 2003, 48(5):1846-1854.
22. 3- depletion in the glacial Southern Ocean. Geophysical Research Letters 2002, 29(12):3-6. 10.1029/2001GL014349.
23. Carré M., Bentaleb I., Fontugne M., Lavallée D. Strong El Niño events during the early Holocene: stable isotope evidence from Peruvian sea shells. The Holocene 2005, 15:42-47. 10.1191/0959683605h1782rp.
24. Chavez F.P. Biological consequences of interannual to multidecadal variability. The Sea 2005, vol. 13:643-679. Harvard University Press, Cambridge. A. Robinson, K.H. Brink (Eds.).
25. Cohen A.S., O'Nions R.K., Siegenthaler R., Griffin W.L. Chronology of the pressure-temperature history recorded by a granulite terrain. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1988, 98:303-311.
26. Crosta X., Beucher C.P., Pahnke K., Brzezinski M.A. Silicic acid leakage fromthe Southern Ocean: opposing effects of nutrient uptake and oceanic circulation. Geophysical Research Letters 2007, 34:L13601. 10.1029/2006GL029083.
27. Czeschel R., Stramma L., Schwarzkopf F.U., Giese B.S., Funk A., Karstensen J. Middepth circulation of the eastern tropical South Pacific and its link to the oxygen minimum zone. Journal of Geophysical Research 2011, 116:C01015. 10.1029/2010JC006565.
28. De La Rocha C.L., Bickle M.J. Sensitivity of silicon isotopes to whole-ocean changes in the silica cycle. Marine Geology 2005, 217(3-4):267-282. 10.1016/j.margeo.2004.11.016.
29. De La Rocha C.L., Brzezinski M.A., DeNiro M.J. Fractionation of silicon isotopes by marine diatoms during biogenic silica formation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1997, 61(23):5051-5056. 10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00300-1.
30. De La Rocha C.L., Brzezinski M.A., DeNiro M.J. Silicon-isotope composition of diatoms as an indicator of past oceanic change. Nature 1998, 395:680-683.
31. Demarest M.S., Brzezinski M.A., Beucher C.P. Fractionation of silicon isotopes during biogenic silica dissolution. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2009, 73(19):5572-5583. 10.1016/j.gca.2009.06.019.
32. DeMaster D.J. The supply and accumulation of silica in the marine environment. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1981, 45(10):1715-1732. 10.1016/0016-7037(81)90006-5.
33. De Souza G.F., Reynolds B.C., Rickli J., Frank M., Saito M.A., Gerringa L.J.A., Bourdon B. Southern Ocean control of silicon stable isotope distribution in the deep Atlantic Ocean. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 2012, 26:GB2035. 10.1029/2011GB004141.
34. De Vries T.J., Schrader H. Variations of upwelling/oceanic conditions during the latest Pleistocene through Holocene off the central Peruvian coast: a diatom record. Marine Micropaleontology 1981, 6:157-167.
35. Dia A., Dupré B., Allègre C.J. Nd isotopes in Indian Ocean sediments used as a tracer of supply to the ocean and circulation paths. Marine Geology 1992, 103:349-359.
36. Dorbath L., Cisternas A., Dorbath C. Assessment of the size of large and great historical earthquakes in Peru. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 1990, 80(3):551-576.
37. Douthitt C.B. The geochemistry of the stable isotopes of silicon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1982, 46:1449-1458.
38. Dubois N., Kienast M., Kienast S.S., Calvert S.E., François R., Anderson R.F. Sedimentary opal records in the eastern equatorial Pacific: It is not all about leakage. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 2010, 24:GB4020. 10.1029/2010GB003821.
39. Dugdale R.C., Wilkerson F.P. Silicate regulation of new production in the equatorial Pacific upwelling. Nature 1998, 391:270-273.
40. 2 flux; a data and modeling approach. Deep-Sea Research II 2002, 49:2513-2531.
41. Dullo W.-C., Rein B., Wolf A., Biebow N., Schrader K., Sirocko F. Core descriptions and reflectance spectra. Sonne SO147 Cruise Report 2000, 102-112.
42. Egan K.E., Rickaby R.E.M., Leng M.J., Hendry K.R., Hermoso M., Sloane H.J., Bostock H.C., Halliday A.N. Diatom silicon isotopes as a proxy for silicic acid utilisation: a Southern Ocean core top calibration. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2012, 10.1016/j.gca.2012.08.002.
43. Ehlert C., Frank M., Haley B.A., Böniger U., De Deckker P., Gingele F.X. Current transport versus continental inputs in the eastern Indian Ocean: radiogenic isotope signatures of clay size sediments. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 2011, 12:Q06017. 10.1029/2011GC003544.
44. Ehlert C., Grasse P., Mollier-Vogel E., Böschen T., Franz J., de Souza G.F., Reynolds B.C., Stramma L., Frank M. Factors controlling the silicon isotope distribution in waters and surface sediments of the Peruvian coastal upwelling. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2012, 99:128-145. 10.1016/j.gca.2012.09.038.
45. Elderfield H., Sholkovitz E.R. Rare Earth Elements in the pore waters of reducing nearshore sediments. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1987, 82(3-4):280-288. 10.1016/0012-821X(87)90202-0.
46. Estrada M., Blasco D. Phytoplankton assemblages in coastal upwelling areas. Simposio Internacional Sobre Las Areas de Afloramiento Mas Importantes del Oeste Africano, Cabo Blanco y Benguela 1985, 379-402. Instituto de Investigaciones Pesqueras, Barcelona. C. Bas, R. Margalef, P. Rubies (Eds.).
47. Fagel N., Hillaire-Marcel C., Humblet M., Brasseur R., Weis D., Stevenson R.K. Nd and Pb isotope signatures of the clay-size fraction of Labrador Sea sediments during the Holocene: implications for the inception of the modern deep circulation pattern. Paleoceanography 2004, 19:PA3002. 10.1029/2003PA000993.
48. Fedorov A.V., Philander S.G. Is El Nino changing?. Science 2000, 288:1997-2002. 10.1126/science.288.5473.1997.
49. Feldman G., Clark D., Halpern D. Satellite color observations of the phytoplankton distribution in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the 1982-1983 El Nino. Science 1984, 226:1069-1071.
50. Fiedler P.C. Environmental change in the Eastern tropical Pacific Ocean: review of ENSO and decadal variability. Marine Ecology Progress Series 2002, 224:265-283.
51. Fiedler P.C., Talley L.D. Hydrography of the eastern tropical Pacific: a review. Progress in Oceanography 2006, 69(2-4):143-180. 10.1016/j.pocean.2006.03.008.
52. Frank M. Radiogenic isotopes: tracers of past ocean circulation and erosional input. Reviews of Geophysics 2002, 40(1):1001. 10.1029/2000RG000094.
53. Froelich P.N., et al. Early diagenesis of organic matter in Peru continental margin sediments: phosphorite precipitation. Marine Geology 1988, 80(3-4):309-343. 10.1016/0025-3227(88)90095-3.
54. Fuenzalida R., Schneider W., Garcés-Vargas J., Bravo L., Lange C.B. Vertical and horizontal extension of the oxygen minimum zone in the eastern South Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Research II 2009, 56(16):1027-1038. 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.11.001.
55. Georg R.B., Reynolds B.C., Frank M., Halliday A.N. New sample preparation techniques for the determination of Si isotopic compositions using MC-ICPMS. Chemical Geology 2006, 235(1-2):95-104. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2006.06.006.
56. Goldstein S.L., O'Nions R.K., Hamilton P.J. ASm-Nd isotopic study of atmospheric dusts and particulates from major river systems. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1984, 70(2):221-236. 10.1016/0012-821X(84)90007-4.
57. Grasse P., Stichel T., Stumpf R., Stramma L., Frank M. The distribution of neodymium isotopes and concentrations in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific: water mass advection versus particle exchange. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2012, 353-354:198-207. 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.07.044.
58. Grousset F.E., Biscaye P.E., Zindler A., Prospero J., Chester R. Neodymium isotopes as tracers in marine sediments and aerosols: North Atlantic. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1988, 87(4):367-378. 10.1016/0012-821X(88)90001-5.
59. Gutiérrez D., et al. Rapid reorganization in ocean biogeochemistry off Peru towards the end of the Little Ice Age. Biogeosciences 2009, 6:835-848.
60. Gutjahr M., Frank M., Stirling C.H., Keigwin L.D., Halliday A.N. Tracing the Nd isotope evolution of North Atlantic Deep and intermediate waters in the western North Atlantic since the Last Glacial Maximum from Blake Ridge sediments. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2008, 266(1-2):61-77. 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.037.
61. Gutjahr M., Frank M., Stirling C.H., Klemm V., van de Flierdt T., Halliday A.N. Reliable extraction of a deepwater trace metal isotope signal from Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide coatings of marine sediments. Chemical Geology 2007, 242(3-4):351-370. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.03.021.
62. Haley B.A., Klinkhammer G.P., McManus J. Rare Earth Elements in pore waters of marine sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2004, 68(6):1265-1279. 10.1016/j.gca.2003.09.012.
63. Hansen H.P., Koroleff F. Determination of nutrients. Methods of Seawater Analysis 1999, 159-228. Wiley VHC. K. Grasshoff, K. Kremling, M. Erhardt (Eds.).
64. Haug G.H., Hughen K.A., Sigman D.M., Peterson L.C., Röhl U. Southward migration of the intertropical convergence zone through the Holocene. Science 2001, 293:1304-1308. 10.1126/science.1059725.
65. Higginson M.J., Altabet M.A. Initial test of the silicic acid leakage hypothesis using sedimentary biomarkers. Geophysical Research Letters 2004, 31:L18303. 10.1029/2004GL020511.
66. Horwitz E.P., Chiarizia R., Dietz M.L. Anovel strontium-selective extraction chromatographic resin. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 1992, 10(2):313-336. 10.1080/07366299208918107.
67. Hutchins D.A., et al. Phytoplankton iron limitation in the Humboldt Current and Peru Upwelling. Limnology and Oceanography 2002, 47(4):997-1011.
68. Huyer A., Smith R.L., Paluszkiewicz T. Coastal upwelling off Peru during normal and El Nino times, 1981-1984. Journal of Geophysical Research 1987, 92(C13):297-307.
69. Ingall E., Jahnke R. Evidence for enhanced phosphorus regeneration from marine sediments overlain by oxygen depleted waters. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1994, 58(11):2571-2575. 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90033-7.
70. Karstensen J., Stramma L., Visbeck M. Oxygen minimum zones in the eastern tropical Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Progress in Oceanography 2008, 77(4):331-350. 10.1016/j.pocean.2007.05.009.
71. Kessler W.S. The circulation of the eastern tropical Pacific: a review. Progress in Oceanography 2006, 69:181-217. 10.1016/j.pocean.2006.03.009.
72. Klevenz V., Vance D., Schmidt D.N., Mezger K. Neodymium isotopes in benthic foraminifera: core-top systematics and a down-core record from the neogene South Atlantic. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2008, 265(3-4):571-587. 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.10.053.
73. Koutavas A., Joanides S. El Niño-Southern Oscillation extrema in the Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum. Paleoceanography 2012, 27:PA4208. 10.1029/2012PA002378.
74. Lacan F., Jeandel C. Tracing Papua New Guinea imprint on the central Equatorial Pacific Ocean using neodymium isotopic compositions and Rare Earth Element patterns. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2001, 186:497-512.
75. Lacan F., Jeandel C. Neodymium isotopes as a new tool for quantifying exchange fluxes at the continent-ocean interface. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2005, 232(3-4):245-257. 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.01.004.
76. Leduc G., Vidal L., Tachikawa K., Bard E. Changes in Eastern Pacific ocean ventilation at intermediate depth over the last 150kyr BP. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2010, 298(1-2):217-228. 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.08.002.
77. Le Fèvre B., Pin C. Astraightforward separation scheme for concomitant Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isotope ratio and isotope dilution analysis. Analytica Chimica Acta 2005, 543(1-2):209-221. 10.1016/j.aca.2005.04.044.
78. Loubere P., Fariduddin M., Richaud M. Glacial marine nutrient and carbon redistribution: evidence from the tropical ocean. Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 2011, 12:Q08013. 10.1029/2011GC003546.
79. Loubere P., Richaud M., Liu Z., Mekik F. Oceanic conditions in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the onset of ENSO in the Holocene. Quaternary Research 2003, 60(2):142-148. 10.1016/S0033-5894(03)00092-9.
80. Loucaides S., Koning E., van Cappellen P. Effect of pressure on silica solubility of diatom frustules in the oceans: results from long-term laboratory and field incubations. Marine Chemistry 2012, 136-137:1-6. 10.1016/j.marchem.2012.04.003.
81. Lukas R. The termination of the equatorial undercurrent in the Eastern Pacific. Progress in Oceanography 1986, 16:63-90.
82. Matsumoto K., Sarmiento J.L. Acorollary to the silicic acid leakage hypothesis. Paleoceanography 2008, 23:PA2203. 10.1029/2007PA001515.
83. McGee D., Marcantonio F., Lynch-Stieglitz J. Deglacial changes in dust flux in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2007, 257(1-2):215-230. 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.02.033.
84. McManus J., Berelson W.M., Coale K.H., Johnson K.S., Kilgore T.E. Phosphorus regeneration in continental margin sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1997, 61(14):2891-2907.
85. 2. Limnology and Oceanography 2004, 49(2):322-329.
86. Molina-Cruz A. The relation of the southern trade winds to upwelling processes during the last 75,000 years. Quaternary Research 1977, 8:324-338.
87. Moore J.K., Doney S.C., Lindsay K. Upper ocean ecosystem dynamics and iron cycling in a global three-dimensional model. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 2004, 18:GB4028. 10.1029/2004GB002220.
88. Moore T.C. Biogenic silica and chert in the Pacific Ocean. Geology 2008, 36(12):975-978. 10.1130/G25057A.1.
89. Morley D.W., Leng M.J., Mackay A.W., Sloane H.J., Rioual P., Battarbee R.W. Cleaning of lake sediment samples for diatom oxygen isotope analysis. Journal of Paleolimnology 2004, 31(3):391-401. 10.1023/B:JOPL.0000021854.70714.6b.
90. Müller P.J., Schneider R. An automated leaching method for the determination of opal in sediments and particulate matter. Deep-Sea Research I 1993, 40(3):425-444.
91. Nelson D.M., Goering J.J., Boisseau D.W. Consumption and regeneration of silicic acid in three coastal upwelling systems. Coastal Upwelling 1981, 242-256. American Geophysical Union. F.A. Richards (Ed.).
92. Nozaki Y., Yamamoto Y. Radium 228 based nitrate fluxes in the eastern Indian Ocean and the South China Sea and a silicon-induced "alkalinity pump" hypothesis. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 2001, 15(3):555-567.
93. Pennington J.T., Mahoney K.L., Kuwahara V.S., Kolber D.D., Calienes R., Chavez F.P. Primary production in the eastern tropical Pacific: a review. Progress in Oceanography 2006, 69(2-4):285-317. 10.1016/j.pocean.2006.03.012.
94. Penven P., Echevin V., Pasapera J., Colas F., Tam J. Average circulation, seasonal cycle, and mesoscale dynamics of the Peru current system: a modeling approach. Journal of Geophysical Research 2005, 110:C10021. 10.1029/2005JC002945.
95. Pichevin L.E., Ganeshram R.S., Reynolds B.C., Prahl F., Pedersen T.F., Thunell R., McClymont E.L. Silicic acid biogeochemistry in the Gulf of California: insights from sedimentary Si isotopes. Paleoceanography 2012, 27:PA2201. 10.1029/2011PA002237.
96. Pichevin L.E., Reynolds B.C., Ganeshram R.S., Cacho I., Pena L.D., Keefe K., Ellam R.M. Enhanced carbon pump inferred from relaxation of nutrient limitation in the glacial ocean. Nature 2009, 459:1114-1117. 10.1038/nature08101.
97. Piepgras D.J., Jacobsen S.B. The isotopic composition of neodymium in the North Pacific. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1988, 52:1373-1381.
98. Piepgras D.J., Wasserburg G.J. Isotopic composition of neodymium in waters from the drake passage. Science 1982, 217:207-214.
99. Ragueneau O., et al. Areview of the Si cycle in the modern ocean: recent progress and missing gaps in the application of biogenic opal as a paleoproductivity proxy. Global and Planetary Change 2000, 26:317-365.
100. Rein B., Lückge A., Reinhardt L., Sirocko F., Wolf A., Dullo W.-C. El Niño variability off Peru during the last 20,000 years. Paleoceanography 2005, 20:PA4003. 10.1029/2004PA001099.
101. Rein B., Lückge A., Sirocko F. Amajor Holocene ENSO anomaly during the Medieval period. Geophysical Research Letters 2004, 31:L17211. 10.1029/2004GL020161.
102. Reinhardt L., Kudrass H.-R., Lückge A., Wiedicke M., Wunderlich J., Wendt G. High-resolution sediment echosounding off Peru: Late Quaternary depositional sequences and sedimentary structures of a current-dominated shelf. Marine Geophysical Researches 2002, 23:335-351.
103. Reynolds B.C., et al. An inter-laboratory comparison of Si isotope reference materials. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 2007, 22(5):561-568. 10.1039/b616755a.
104. Reynolds B.C., Frank M., Halliday A.N. Silicon isotope fractionation during nutrient utilization in the North Pacific. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2006, 244:431-443. 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.02.002.
105. Reynolds B.C., Frank M., Halliday A.N. Evidence for a major change in silicon cycling in the subarctic North Pacific at 2.73Ma. Paleoceanography 2008, 23:PA4219. 10.1029/2007PA001563.
106. Rodbell D.T., Seltzer G.O., Anderson D.M., Abbott M.B., Enfield D.B., Newman J.H. An approximately 15,000-year record of El Nino-driven alluviation in southwestern Ecuador. Science 1999, 283:516-520.
107. Rutberg R.L., Hemming S.R., Goldstein S.L. Reduced North Atlantic deep water flux to the glacial Southern Ocean inferred from neodymium isotope ratios. Nature 2000, 405:935-938. 10.1038/35016049.
108. Sarbas B., Nohl U. The GEOROC database - a decade of "online geochemistry". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2009, 73:A1158.
109. Sarmiento J.L., Gruber N., Brzezinski M.A., Dunne J.P. High-latitude controls of thermocline nutrients and low latitude biological productivity. Nature 2004, 427:56-60. 10.1038/nature02204.1.
110. Saukel C., Lamy F., Stuut J.-B.W., Tiedemann R., Vogt C. Distribution and provenance of wind-blown SE Pacific surface sediments. Marine Geology 2011, 280:130-142. 10.1016/j.margeo.2010.12.006.
111. Scheidegger K.F., Krissek L.A. Dispersal deposition of eolian and fluvial sediments off Peru and northern Chile. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1982, 93(2):150-162. 10.1130/0016-7606(1982)93<150.
112. Scholz F., Hensen C., Noffke A., Rohde A., Liebetrau V., Wallmann K. Early diagenesis of redox-sensitive trace metals in the Peru upwelling area - response to ENSO-related oxygen fluctuations in the water column. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2011, 75(22):7257-7276. 10.1016/j.gca.2011.08.007.
113. Stichel T., Frank M., Rickli J., Haley B.A. The hafnium and neodymium isotope composition of seawater in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2012, 317-318:282-294. 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.11.025.
114. Stumpf R., Frank M., Schönfeld J., Haley B.A. Late Quaternary variability ofMediterranean outflow water from radiogenic Nd and Pb isotopes. Quaternary Science Reviews 2010, 29(19-20):2462-2472. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.06.021.
115. Stumpf R., Frank M., Schönfeld J., Haley B.A. Climatically driven changes insediment supply on the SW Iberian shelf since the Last Glacial Maximum. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2011, 312:80-90. 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.10.002.
116. Sunda W.G., Huntsman S.A. Iron uptake and growth limitation in oceanic and coastal phytoplankton. Marine Chemistry 1995, 50:189-206. 10.1016/0304-4203(95)00035-P.
117. Sutton J.N., Varela D.E., Brzezinski M.A., Beucher C.P. Species-dependent silicon isotope fractionation by marine diatoms. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2013, 104:300-309. 10.1016/j.gca.2012.10.057.
118. Tachikawa K., Roy-Barman M., Michard A., Thouron D., Yeghicheyan D., Jeandel C. Neodymium isotopes in the Mediterranean Sea: comparison between seawater and sediment signals. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2004, 68(14):3095-3106. 10.1016/j.gca.2004.01.024.
119. Takeda S. Influence of iron availability on nutrient consumption ratio of diatoms in oceanic waters. Nature 1998, 393:774-777.
120. Tanaka T., et al. JNdi-1: a neodymium isotopic reference in consistency with LaJolla neodymium. Chemical Geology 2000, 168:279-281. 10.1016/S0009-2541(00)00198-4.
121. Thiede J., Suess E. Coastal Upwelling: Its Sediment Record 1983, 610. Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York.
122. Toggweiler J.R., Dixon K., Broecker W.S. The Peru upwelling and the ventilation of the South Pacific. Journal of Geophysical Research 1991, 96(C11):20467-20497.
123. Toth L.T., Aronson R.B., Vollmer S.V., Hobbs J.W., Urrego D.H., Cheng H., Enochs I.C., Combosch D.J., van Woesik R., Macintyre I.G. ENSO drove 2500-year collapse of eastern Pacific coral reefs. Science 2012, 337:81-84. 10.1126/science.1221168.
124. Tréguer P., Nelson D.M., van Bennekom A.J., DeMaster D.J., Leynaert A., Quéguiner B. The silica balance in the world ocean: a reestimate. Science 1995, 268:375-379. 10.1126/science.268.5209.375.
125. Tudhope A.W., Chilcott C.P., McCulloch M.T., Cook E.R., Chappell J., Ellam R.M., Lea D.W., Lough J.M., Shimmield G.B. Variability in the El Niño-Southern oscillation through a glacial-interglacial cycle. Science 2001, 291:1511-1517. 10.1126/science.1057969.
126. Vance D., Burton K.W. Neodymium isotopes in planktonic foraminifera: a record of the response of continental weathering and ocean circulation rates to climate change. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1999, 173(4):365-379. 10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00244-7.
127. Vance D., Scrivner A.E., Beney P., Staubwasser M., Henderson G.M., Slowey N.C. The use of foraminifera as a record of the past neodymium isotope composition of seawater. Paleoceanography 2004, 19:PA2009. 10.1029/2003PA000957.
128. Varela D.E., Pride C.J., Brzezinski M.A. Biological fractionation of silicon isotopes in Southern Ocean surface waters. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 2004, 18:GB1047. 10.1029/2003GB002140.
129. Vargas G., Rutllant J.A., Ortlieb L. ENSO tropical-extratropical climate teleconnections and mechanisms for Holocene debris flows along the hyperarid coast of western South America (17°-24°S). Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2006, 249:467-483. 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.07.022.
130. Warnock J., Scherer R., Loubere P. Aquantitative assessment of diatom dissolution and late Quaternary primary productivity in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Research II 2007, 54:772-783. 10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.01.011.
131. Wilson D.J., Piotrowski A.M., Galy A., Clegg J.A. Reactivity of neodymium carriers in deep sea sediments: implications for boundary exchange and paleoceanography. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2013, 109:197-221. 10.1016/j.gca.2013.01.042.
132. Wolf A. Zeitliche Variationen im peruanischen Küstenauftrieb seit dem Letzten Glazialen Maximum - Steuerung durch globale Klimadynamik 2002, 115. Dissertation, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel.