Characterising the intermediate depth waters of the Pacific Ocean using δ13C and other geochemical tracers

Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers

Volumn 57, Issue 7, 2010, Pages 847-859

  Bostock, Helen C ^a,b   Opdyke, Bradley N ^a   Williams, Michael J M ^b  

^a AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WATER AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

13C; 14C; AAIW; Benthic foraminifera; Equatorial intermediate waters; Geochemical tracers; Intermediate depth waters; NPIW; Pacific Ocean

Indexed keywords

ANTARCTIC INTERMEDIATE WATERS; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; CARBON ISOTOPES; CONSERVATIVE TRACERS; DEEP WATER; DIATOM PRODUCTION; DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; FOUR-CORE; GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; GEOCHEMICAL PROXIES; GEOCHEMICAL SIGNATURES; GEOCHEMICAL TRACER; INTERMEDIATE DEPTHS; LAST GLACIAL; LOW OXYGEN; LOW SALINITY; NORTH PACIFIC; PACIFIC OCEAN; WATER FORMATION; WATER TYPES; WORLD OCEAN CIRCULATION EXPERIMENT;

DISSOLUTION; DISSOLVED OXYGEN; ISOTOPES; NUTRIENTS; SALINITY MEASUREMENT; SILICATES;

OCEANOGRAPHY;

BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA; BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTION; CARBON ISOTOPE; DIATOM; DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; GLACIAL-INTERGLACIAL CYCLE; INTERMEDIATE WATER; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; RADIOCARBON DATING; SEA SURFACE SALINITY; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TRACER; WATER DEPTH;

PACIFIC OCEAN;

BACILLARIOPHYTA; CIBICIDOIDES; FORAMINIFERA;

EID: 77954861655     PISSN: 09670637     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2010.04.005     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. 2. Science 2009, 323:1443-1448.
2. Andreasen D., Ravelo A. Tropical Pacific Ocean thermocline depth reconstructions from the last glacial maximum. Paleoceanography 1997, 12:395-414.
3. Bingham F.M., Lukas R. The distribution of intermediate water in the western equatorial Pacific during January-February 1986. Deep-Sea Res. II 1995, 42:1545-1573.
4. Bostock, H.C., 2005. Geochemically tracing the intermediate and surface waters in the Tasman Sea, southwest Pacific. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Australian National University.
5. Bostock H.C., Opdyke B.N., Gagan M.K., Fifield L.K. Carbon isotope evidence for changes in the Antarctic intermediate water circulation and ocean ventilation in the southwest Pacific during the last deglaciation. Paleoceanography 2004, 19:PA4013. 10.1029/2004PA001047.
6. Boyle E.A. The role of vertical chemical fractionation in controlling late Quaternary atmospheric carbon dioxide. J. Geophys. Res. 1986, 93(15):701-15714.
7. Broecker W.S., Maier-Reimer E. The influence of air and sea exchange on the carbon isotope distribution in the sea. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 1992, 6:315-320.
8. Charles C.D., Fairbanks R.G. Glacial to interglacial changes in the isotopic gradients of the Southern Ocean surface water. Geological History of the Polar Oceans: Arctic Versus Antarctic 1990, 519-538. Kluwer Academy, Norwell, Mass. U. Bleil, J. Theide (Eds.).
9. Chase Z., Anderson R.F., Fleisher M.Q., Kubik P.W. Accumulation of biogenic and lithogenic material in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean during the past 40,000 years. Deep-Sea Res. II 2003, 50:799-832.
10. Deacon G.E.R. The hydrology of the Southern Ocean. Discovery Rep. 1937, 15.
11. Dickson, R., Hurrell, J., Bindoff, N., Wong, A., Arbic, B., Owens, B., Imawaki, S., Yashayaev, I., 2000. The world during WOCE. In: Siedler, G., Church, J. Gould, J. (Eds.), Ocean Circulation and Climate, International Geophysics Series, vol. 77, pp. 557-585.
12. 2 flux; a data and modelling approach. Deep-Sea Res. II 2002, 49:2513-2531.
13. Duplessy J.C., Shackleton N.J., Fairbanks R.G., Labeyrie L., Oppo D., Kallel N. Deepwater source variations during the last climatic cycle and their impact on the global deepwater circulation. Paleoceanography 1988, 3:343-360.
14. Elderfield H., Rickaby R.E.M. Oceanic Cd/P ratio and nutrient utilization in the glacial Southern Ocean. Nature 2000, 405:305-310.
15. Fine R.A., Lukas R., Bingham F.M., Warner M.J., Gammon R.H. The western equatorial Pacific: a water mass crossroads. J. Geophys. Res. 1994, 99:25063-25080.
16. Firing E., Wijffels S.E., Hacker P. Equatorial subthermocline currents across the Pacific. J. Geophys. Res. 1998, 103:21413-21423.
17. 2 concentrations during the last glacial period. Nature 1997, 389:929-935.
18. Hanawa K., Talley L.D. Mode waters. Ocean Circulation and Climate: Observing and Modelling the Global Ocean 2001, 373-386. Academic Press, New York. G. Siedler, J. Church, J. Gould (Eds.).
19. Hayward B.W., Sabaa A., Grenfell H.R. Benthic foraminifera and the late Quaternary (last 150ka) paleoceanographic and sedimentary history of the Bounty Trough, east of New Zealand. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 2004, 211:59-93.
20. 13C of DIC. J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108. 10.1029/2002JC001746.
21. 13C anomaly in the northeastern Atlantic. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 1998, 12:467-477.
22. Key R.M., Quay P.D., Jones G.A., McNichol A.P., von Reden K.F., Schneider R.J. WOCE radiocarbon I: Pacific Ocean results; P6, P16, P17. Radiocarbon 1996, 38:425-518.
23. Key R.M., Quay P.D., Schlosser P., McNichol A.P., von Reden K.F., Schneider R.J., Elder K.L., Stuiver M., Östlund H.G. WOCE radiocarbon IV: Pacific Ocean results; P10, P13N, P14C, P18, P19 and S4P. Radiocarbon 2002, 44:239-392.
24. Kroopnick P. The distribution of carbon-13 in the world oceans. Deep-Sea Res. 1985, 32:57-84.
25. 2 survey data. Deep-Sea Res. II 2002, 49:21-58.
26. Lohmann G.P., Schweitzer P.N. Globorotalia truncatulinoides growth and chemistry as probes of the past thermocline. 1. Shell size. Paleoceanography 1990, 5:55-75.
27. Loubere P. Nutrient and oceanographic changes in the eastern equatorial Pacific from the last full glacial to the present. Global Planet. Change 2001, 29:77-98.
28. Loubere P., Richaud M., Mireles S. Variability in the tropical thermocline nutrient chemistry on the glacial/interglacial timescale. Deep-Sea Res. II 2007, 54:747-761.
29. Loubere, P., Bennett, S., 2008. Southern Ocean biogeochemical impact on the tropical ocean: stable isotope records from the Pacific for the past 25,000 years. Global Planet. Change, 63, 333-340. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.08.001.
30. Lynch-Stieglitz J., Fairbanks R.G., Charles C.D. Glacial-interglacial history of the Antarctic intermediate water: relative strength of Antarctic versus Indian Ocean sources. Paleoceanography 1994, 9:7-29.
31. 13C of dissolved inorganic carbon in Southern Ocean deep water: implications for glacial ocean circulation models. Paleoceanography 1993, 8:587-610.
32. 2 rise. Science 2007, 316:1456-1459.
33. McCartney M.S. Subantarctic mode water. Deep-Sea Res. 1977, 24:103-119.
34. McCorkle D.C., Keigwin L.D., Corliss S.H., Emerson S. The influence of microhabitats on the carbon isotopic composition of deep-sea benthic foraminifera. Paleoceanography 1990, 5:161-185.
35. 2. Paleoceanography 1991, 6:205-226.
36. Mook W.G., Bommerson J.C., Staverman W.H. Carbon isotope fractionation between dissolved bicarbonate and gaseous carbon dioxide. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1974, 22:169-176.
37. Ninneman U.S., Charles C.D. Regional differences in Quaternary Subantarctic nutrient cycling: link to intermediate and deep-water ventilation. Paleoceanography 1997, 12:560-567.
38. Oppo D.W., Fairbanks R.G. Carbon isotope composition of tropical surface water during the past 22,000 years. Paleoceanography 1989, 4:333-351.
39. 13C evidence. Paleoceanography 2000, 15:147-160.
40. Pahnke K., Goldstein S.L., Hemming S.R. Abrupt changes in Antarctic Intermediate Water circulation over the past 25,000 years. Nat. Geosci. 2008, 1:870-874. 10.1038/ngeo360.
41. Pahnke K., Zahn R. Southern hemisphere water mass conversion linked with North Atlantic climate variability. Science 2005, 307:1741-1746.
42. Qu T., Lindstrom E.J. Northward intrusion of Antarctic Intermediate Water in the Western Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2004, 34:2104-2118.
43. 2: carbon-13 evidence. Science 1992, 256:74-79.
44. Reid J.L. Intermediate Waters of the Pacific Ocean. John Hopkins Oceanogr. Stud. 1965, 5:1-96.
45. Reid J.L. On the total geostrophic circulation of the Pacific Ocean: flow, patterns, tracers, and transports. Prog. Oceanogr. 1997, 39:263-352.
46. Rickaby R.E.M., Elderfield H. Evidence from the high-latitude North Atlantic for variations in Antarctic intermediate water flow during the last deglaciation. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 2005, 6:Q05001.
47. 2. Science 2004, 305:367-371.
48. Saenko O.A., Weaver A.J., Gregory J.M. On the link between the two modes of ocean thermohaline circulation and the formation of global scale water masses. J. Climate 2003, 16:2797-2801.
49. Sarmiento J.L., Gruber N., Brzezinski M.A., Dunne J.P. High latitude controls of thermocline nutrients and low latitude biological productivity. Nature 2004, 427:56-60.
50. Schlitzer R. Ocean Data View Software 2009, 〈http://odv.awi.de/〉.
51. Shcherbina A.Y., Talley L.D., Rudnick D.L. Direct observations of North Pacific ventilation: brine rejection in the Okhotsk Sea. Science 2003, 302:1952-1955.
52. Schmitz W.J. On the interbasin-scale thermohaline circulation. Rev. Geophys. 1995, 33:151-173.
53. Sloyan B.M., Rintoul S.R. Circulation, renewal, and modification of Antarctic mode and intermediate water. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2001, 31:1005-1030.
54. Smith H.J., Fischer J., Wahlen M., Mastroianni D., Deck B. Dual modes of the carbon cycles since the Last Glacial Maximum. Nature 1999, 400:248-250.
55. Sokolov S., Rintoul S.R. Circulation and water masses of the southwest Pacific: WOCE section P11, Papua New Guinea to Tasmania. J. Mar. Res. 2000, 58:223-268.
56. Spero H.J., Lea D.W. The cause of carbon isotope minimum events on glacial terminations. Science 2002, 296:522-525.
57. Sprintall J., Wijffels S., Chereskin E., Bray N. The JADE and WOCE I10/IR6 throughflow sections in the southeastern Indian Ocean, Part 2: Velocity and transports. Deep-Sea Res. II 2002, 49:1363-1389.
58. Stanton B.R. Antarctic intermediate water variability in the northern New Zealand region. N. Z. J. Mar. Freshwater Res. 2002, 36:645-654.
59. 13C. Paleoceanography 2000, 15:161-169.
60. Stott L.D., Southon J., Timmermann A., Koutavas A. Radiocarbon age anomaly at intermediate water depth in the Pacific Ocean during the last deglaciation. Paleoceanography 2009, 24:PA2223. 10.1029/2008PA001690.
61. Stuiver M., Östlund G., Key R.M., Reimer P.J. Large volume WOCE radiocarbon sampling in the Pacific Ocean. Radiocarbon 1996, 38:519-561.
62. Talley L.D. Potential vorticity distribution the North Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1988, 18:89-106.
63. Talley L.D. Distribution and formation of North Pacific intermediate water. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1993, 23:517-537.
64. Talley L.D. Antarctic Intermediate Water in the South Atlantic. The South Atlantic: Present and Past Circulation 1996, 219-238 pp.
65. Talley L.D., 1999. Some aspects of ocean heat transport by the shallow, intermediate and deep overturning circulations. In: Clark, P.U., Webb, R.S., Keigwin, L.D. (Eds.), Mechanisms of Global Climate Change at Millennial Time Scales, Geophys. Mono. Series 112, AGU, pp. 1-22.
66. Talley L.D. Freshwater transport estimates and the global overturning circulation: shallow, deep and throughflow components. Prog. Oceanogr. 2008, 78:257-303.
67. Talley L.D., Sprintall J. Deep expression of the Indonesian throughflow: Indonesian intermediate water in the south equatorial current. J. Geophys. Res. 2005, 110:C10009. 10.1029/2004JC002826.
68. Talley L.D., Yun J.-Y. The role of cabbeling and double diffusion in setting the density of the North Pacific intermediate water salinity minimum. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2001, 31:1538-1549.
69. Toggweiler J.R., Dixon K., Broecker W.S. The Peru upwelling and the ventilation of the South Pacific thermocline. J. Geophys. Res. 1991, 96:20467-20497.
70. 2, and climate change during the ice ages. Paleoceanography 2006, 21. 10.1029/2005PA001154.
71. Tomczak M., Godfrey J.S. Regional Oceanography: An Introduction 1994, Pergamon Press.
72. Tsuchiya M., Talley L.D. Water property distributions along an eastern Pacific hydrographic section at 135°W. J. Mar. Res. 1996, 54:541-564.
73. Tsuchiya M., Talley L.D. A Pacific hydrographic section at 88°W: water property distribution. J. Geophys. Res. 1998, 103:12,899-12,918.
74. Tsuchiya M. Flow path of Antarctic intermediate water in the western equatorial South Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Res. 1991, 38(Suppl. 1):S273-S279.
75. Tsunogai S. The western North Pacific playing a key role in global biogeochemical fluxes. J. Oceanogr. 2002, 58:245-257.
76. U.S. WOCE Office, 1989. U.S. WOCE Implementation Plan. U.S. WOCE Implementation Report No. 1. College Station Texas, 134 pp.
77. Van Scoy K.A., Olson D.B., Fine R.A. Ventilation of North Pacific intermediate waters: the role of the Alaskan Gyre. J. Geophys. Res. 1991, 96:16801-16810.
78. Wijffels, S.E., 1993. Exchanges between hemispheres and gyres: a direct approach to the mean circulation of the equatorial Pacific. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Mass. Inst. Technol./Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst. Joint Program, Woods Hole, Massachusetts.
79. Wijffels S.E., Toole J.M., Davis R. Revisiting the South Pacific subtropical circulation: a synthesis of World Ocean Circulation Experiment observations along 32°S. J. Geophys. Res. 2001, 106:19481-19513.
80. Wyrtki K. The subsurface water masses in the western South Pacific Ocean. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwater Res. 1962, 13:18-47.
81. Wyrtki K., Kilonsky B. Transequatorial Water Structure During the Hawaii to Tahiti Shuttle Experiment 1982, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics, University of Hawaii, HG-82-5, 65pp.
82. Yuan X., Talley L.D. On shallow salinity minimum in the North Pacific. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1992, 50:1302-1316.
83. You Y. The pathway and circulation of North Pacific intermediate water. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2003, 30. 10.1029/2003GL018561.
84. You Y., Suginohara N., Fukasawa M., Yoritaka H., Mizuno K., Kashino Y., Hartoyo D. Transport of North Pacific intermediate water across Japanese WOCE sections. J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108. 10.1029/2002JC001662.
85. 13C and accumulation rates of organic carbon: Uvigerina peregrina group and Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi. Paleoceanography 1986, 1:27-42.
86. 13C in the tropical west Atlantic and linking with North Atlantic climates. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 2002, 200:191-205.
87. Zenk W., Siedler G., Ishida A., Holfort J., Kashino Y., Kuroda Y., Miyama T., Muller T.J. Pathways and variability of the Antarctic intermediate water in the western equatorial Pacific Ocean. Prog. Oceanogr. 2005, 67:245-281.