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Volumn 283, Issue 5401, 1999, Pages 516-520

An ~15,000-year record of El Nino-driven alluviation in Southwestern Ecuador

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPINE ENVIRONMENT; DEBRIS FLOW; EL NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; LAMINATION;

EID: 0033593585     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.283.5401.516     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (612)

References (43)
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    • We photographed cores digitally and processed these images with the National Institutes of Health program IMAGE. This program assigns a value between 0 (white) and 256 (black) to each pixel. Because each pixel represents ∼0.3 mm of core and because gray scale is a good proxy for C content, the gray-scale record represents a proxy for the oscillation between inorganic, storm-induced clastic sedimentation and organic-rich background sedimentation with subannual resolution.
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    • On the basis of flood deposits intercalated with clay-enriched aridic soils along the hyperarid north coast of Perú, an alternative interpretation has been proposed, which asserts that the presence of TAMAs is a result of coastal geomorphology and sea-level rise rather than climate [T. J. DeVries, L. Ortlieb, A. Diaz, L. Wells, Cl. Hillaire-Marcel, Science 276, 965 (1997); L. E. Wells and J. S. Noller, ibid., p. 966] and that the ENSO persisted through at least the past 40,000 years (3). Our record clearly shows that storm-generated clastic depositional events occurred during the Late Glacial and early Holocene with periodicities of ≥ 15 years, but not in the 2- to 8.5-year ENSO band. The interpretation of the TAMA (5) is also problematic because it implies a quasi-permanent El Niño state, which is neither evident in our record as a prolonged period of clastic sedimentation, nor in other proxy records from the region (3). We suggest that whereas El Niños may have been less frequent, the eastern Pacific was marked by less intense upwelling and zonal circulation and was capable of producing infrequent and localized coastal flooding but was insufficient to generate high-frequency convective-driven precipitation to 4000 masl.
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    • note
    • We thank R. Fleischer, P. Gremillion, and anonymous reviewers for improving the manuscript and C. Oballe and K. Reed for their help in retrieving the sediment core. Supported by NSF grants EAR9418886 (D.T.R.) and EAR9422424 (G.O.S.) and by the Union College Internal Education Foundation (J.H.N.) and Faculty Research Fund (D.T.R.).


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