Cell viability score (CVS) as a good indicator of critical concentration of benzalkonium chloride for toxicity in cultured ocular surface cell lines

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

Volumn 66, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 177-183

  Iwasawa, Atsuo ^a   Ayaki, Masahiko ^b   Niwano, Yoshimi ^c  

^a TOKYO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Japan)

^b International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital   (Japan)

^c TOHOKU UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Benzalkonium chloride; Cornea; Eye; Toxicity

Indexed keywords

BENZALKONIUM CHLORIDE;

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; CELL CULTURE; CELL LINE; CELL VIABILITY; CELL VIABILITY SCORE; CONJUNCTIVA EPITHELIUM; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORNEA EPITHELIUM; COW; CYTOTOXICITY; EPITHELIUM CELL; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RABBIT; SCORING SYSTEM;

ANIMALS; BENZALKONIUM COMPOUNDS; CATTLE; CELL LINE; CELL SURVIVAL; COLORING AGENTS; CONJUNCTIVA; EPITHELIAL CELLS; EPITHELIUM, CORNEAL; HUMANS; NEUTRAL RED; PRESERVATIVES, PHARMACEUTICAL; RABBITS; TETRAZOLIUM SALTS; THIAZOLES;

EID: 84877318876     PISSN: 02732300     EISSN: 10960295     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2013.03.014     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Ayaki M., Iwasawa A. Cell viability of four corneoconjunctival cell lines in five preservatives and a surfactant used for infection control of eyedrops. Biocontrol Sci. 2011, 16:117-121.
2. Ayaki M., Iwasawa A., Niwano Y. Cytotoxicity assays of new artificial tears containing 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer for ocular surface cells. Jpn. J. Ophthalmol. 2011, 55:541-546.
3. Ayaki M., Iwasawa A., Niwano Y. Cell Viability score as a concise indicator for cytotoxicity of benzalkonium chloride-containing antiglaucoma eyedrops. Biocontrol Sci. 2012, 17:121-128.
4. Baudouin C., Labbé A., Liang H., Pauly A., Brignole-Baudouin F. Preservatives in eyedrops: the good, the bad and the ugly. Prog. Retin. Eye Res. 2010, 29:312-334.
5. Becker U., Ehrhardt C., Daum N., Baldes C., Schaefer U.F., Ruprecht K.W., Kim K.J., Lehr C.M. Expression of ABC-transporters in human corneal tissue and the transformed cell line, HCE-T. J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther. 2007, 23:172-181.
6. Borenfreund E., Puerner J.A. Toxicity determined in vitro by morphological alterations and neutral red absorption. Toxicol. Lett. 1985, 24:119-124.
7. Brasnu E., Brignole-Baudouin F., Riancho L., Warnet J.M., Baudouin C. Comparative study on the cytotoxic effects of benzalkonium chloride on the Wong-Kilbourne derivative of chang conjunctival and IOBA-NHC cell lines. Mol. Vis. 2008, 14:394-402.
8. Chen W., Li Z., Hu J., Zhang Z., Chen L., Chen Y., Liu Z. Corneal alterations induced by topical application of benzalkonium chloride in rabbit. PLoS One 2011, 6:e26103.
9. Clouzeau C., Godefroy D., Riancho L., Rostene W., Baudouin C., Brignole-Baudouin F. Hyperosmolarity potentiates toxic effects of benzalkonium chloride on conjunctival epithelial cells in vitro. Mol. Vis. 2012, 18:851-863.
10. De Saint Jean M., Baudouin C., Di Nolfo M., Roman S., Lozato P., Warnet J.M., Brignole F. Comparison of morphological and functional characteristics of primary-cultured human conjunctival epithelium and of Wong-Kilbourne derivative of Chang conjunctival cell line. Exp. Eye Res. 2004, 78:257-274.
11. Denizot F., Lang R. Rapid colorimetric assay for cell growth and viability: modifications to the tetrazolium dye procedure giving improved sensitivity and reliability. J. Immunol. Methods 1986, 89:271-277.
12. Epstein S.P., Chen D., Asbell P.A. Evaluation of biomarkers of inflammation in response to benzalkonuim chloride on corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells. J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther. 2009, 5:415-424.
13. Feghhi M., Mahmoudabadi A.Z., Mehdinejad M.I. Evaluation of fungal and bacterial contaminations of patient-used ocular drops. Med. Mycol. 2008, 46:17-21.
14. Fukuchi T., Wakai K., Suda K., Nakatsue T., Sawada H., Hara H., Ueda J., Tanaka T., Yamada A., Abe H. Incidence, severity and factors related to drug-induced keratoepitheliopathy with glaucoma medications. Clin. Ophthalmol. 2010, 26:203-209.
15. Furrer P., Mayer J.M., Gurny R. Ocular tolerance of preservatives and alternatives. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2002, 53:263-580. Review.
16. Georgiev G.A., Yokoi N., Koev K., Kutsarova E., Ivanova S., Kyumurkov A., et al. Surface chemistry study of the interactions of benzalkonium chloride with films of meibum, corneal cells lipids, and whole tears. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2011, 52:4645-4654.
17. Guenoun J.M., Baudouin C., Rat P., Pauly A., Warnet J.M., Brignole-Baudouin F. In vitro comparison of cytoprotective and antioxidative effects of latanoprost, travoprost, and bimatoprost on conjunctiva-derived epithelial cells. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2005, 46:4594-4599.
18. Jaenen N., Baudouin C., Pouliquen P., Manni G., Figueiredo A., Zeyen T. Ocular symptoms and signs with preserved and preservative-free glaucoma medications. Eur. J. Ophthalmol. 2007, 17:341-349.
19. Kawazu K., Yamada K., Nakamura M., Ota A. Characterization of cyclosporin A transport in cultured rabbit corneal epithelial cells: P-glycoprotein transport activity and binding to cyclophilin. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 1999, 40:1738-1744.
20. Khoh-Reiter S., Jessen B.A. Evaluation of the cytotoxic effects of ophthalmic solutions containing benzalkonium chloride on corneal epithelium using an organotypic 3-D model. BMC Ophthalmol. 2009, 9:5.
21. Kim M.S., Choi C.Y., Kim J.M., Chang H.R., Woo H.Y. Microbial contamination of multiply used preservative-free artificial tears packed in reclosable containers. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2008, 92:1518-1521.
22. Kim J.R., Oh T.H., Kim H.S. Effects of benzalkonium chloride on the ocular surface of the rabbit. Jpn. J. Ophthalmol. 2011, 55:283-293.
23. Kotak S., Schwarts G.F., Mardekian J., Fain J. Incidence of dry eye or ocular infection in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and ocular hypertension (OH) patients treated with latanoprost (LAT) with BAK or travoprost-Z (TRAV-Z) with SofZiaTM. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2010, 51. E-Abstract 2762.
24. Kuppens E.V.M.J., de Jong C.A., Stolwijk T.R., de Keizer R.J., van Best J.A. Effect of timolol with and without preservative on the basal tear turnover in glaucoma. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 1995, 79:339-342.
25. Lavappa K.S. Survey of ATCC stocks of human cell lines for HeLa contamination. In Vitro 1978, 14:469-475.
26. Leung E.W., Medeiros F.A., Weinreb R.N. Prevalence of ocular diseases in glaucoma patients. J. Glaucoma 2008, 17:350-355.
27. Liang H., Baudouin C., Pauly A., Brignole-Baudouin F. Conjunctival and corneal reactions in rabbits following short- and repeated exposure to preservative-free tafluprost, commercially available latanoprost and 0.02% benzalkonium chloride. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2008, 92:1275-1282.
28. Liang H., Brignole-Baudouin F., Pauly A., Riancho L., Baudouin C. Polyquad-preserved travoprost/timolol, benzalkonium chloride (BAK)-preserved travoprost/timolol, and latanoprost/timolol in fixed combinations: a rabbit ocular surface study. Adv. Ther. 2011, 28:311-325.
29. Liang H., Pauly A., Riancho L., Baudouin C., Brignole-Baudouin F. Toxicological evaluation of preservative-containing and preservative-free topical prostaglandin analogues on a three-dimensional-reconstituted corneal epithelium system. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2011, 95:869-875.
30. Martone G., Frezzotti P., Tosi G.M., Traversi C., Mittica V., Malandrini A., Pichierri P., Balestrazzi A., Motolese P.A., Motolese I., Motolese E. An in vivo confocal microscopy analysis of effects of topical antiglaucoma therapy with preservative on corneal innervation and morphology. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 2009, 147:725-735.
31. Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and viability: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J. Immunol. Methods 1983, 65:55-63.
32. Pauly A., Meloni M., Brignole-Baudouin F., Warnet J., Baudouin C. Multiple endpoint analysis of the 3D-reconstituted corneal epithelium after treatment with benzalkonium chloride: early detection of toxic damage. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2009, 50:1644-1652.
33. Ryan G., Fain J.M., Lovelace C., Gelotte K.M. Effectiveness of ophthalmic solution preservatives: a comparison of latanoprost with 0.02% benzalkonium chloride and travoprost with the sofZia preservative system. BMC Ophthalmol. 2011, 11:8.
34. Samples J.R., Binder P.S., Nayak S. The effect of epinephrine and benzalkonium chloride on cultured corneal endothelial and trabecular meshwork cells. Exp. Eye Res. 1989, 49:1-12.
35. Wilson W.S., Duncan J.L., Jay J.J. Effect of benzalkonium chloride on the stability of the precorneal tear film in rabbit and man. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 1975, 59:667-669.
36. Wu H., Zhang H., Wang C., Wu Y., Xie J., Jin X., Yang J., Ye J. Genoprotective effect of hyaluronic acid against benzalkonium chloride-induced DNA damage in human corneal epithelial cells. Mol. Vis. 2011, 17:3364-3370.
37. Xiang C.D., Batugo M., Gale D.C., Zhang T., Ye J., Li C., Zhou S., Wu E.Y., Zhang E.Y. Characterization of human corneal epithelial cell model as a surrogate for corneal permeability assessment: metabolism and transport. Drug Metab. Dispos. 2009, 37:992-998.
38. Zhang S.Z., Lipsky M.M., Trump B.F., Hsu I.C. Neutral red (NR) assay for cell viability and xenobiotic-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultures of human and rat hepatocytes. Cell Biol. Toxicol. 1990, 6:219-234.
39. Zhou Y., Liu Q., Zhou T., Lin Z., Zong R., Liu Z., Sun F., Shao Y., Liu X., Ma J.X., Liu Z. Modulation of the canonical Wnt pathway by benzalkouium chloride in corneal epithelium. Exp. Eye Res. 2011, 93:191-197.