Upgrade and benchmarking of a 4D treatment planning system for scanned ion beam therapy

Medical Physics

Volumn 40, Issue 5, 2013, Pages

  Richter, D ^a,b   Schwarzkopf, A ^a,b   Trautmann, J ^a,b   Kramer M ^a   Durante, M ^a,b   Jakel O ^c   Bert, C ^a,d  

^a GSI HELMHOLTZZENTRUM FÜR SCHWERIONENFORSCHUNG GMBH   (Germany)

^b DARMSTADT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

^d UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL ERLANGEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

four dimensional; ion beam; organ motion; radiotherapy; treatment planning

Indexed keywords

BENCHMARKING; BIOINFORMATICS; CARBON FILMS; COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY; HOSPITAL DATA PROCESSING; IMAGE SEGMENTATION; ION BEAMS; IONIZATION CHAMBERS; IONIZATION OF LIQUIDS; IONS; PATIENT MONITORING; PHANTOMS; RADIOTHERAPY; X RAY FILMS;

BIOLOGICALLY EFFECTIVE DOSE; DEFORMABLE IMAGE REGISTRATION; DENSITY DISTRIBUTIONS; FOUR-DIMENSIONAL; ORGAN MOTION; RELATIVE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS; TREATMENT PLANNING; TREATMENT PLANNING SYSTEMS;

PATIENT TREATMENT;

WATER;

AIR; ALGORITHM; ARTICLE; CELL SURVIVAL; DOSE RESPONSE; DOSIMETRY; FOUR DIMENSIONAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; HUMAN; INFORMATION SCIENCE; ION THERAPY; IONIZATION CHAMBER; IRRADIATION; MOTION ANALYSIS SYSTEM; OPTICAL DENSITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY CONTROL; RADIOLOGY PHANTOM; RELATIVE BIOLOGIC EFFECTIVENESS; SIMULATION; THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGING; TREATMENT PLANNING; X RAY FILM; COMPUTER ASSISTED RADIOTHERAPY; IMAGE QUALITY; LUNG TUMOR; METHODOLOGY; RADIATION DOSE; RADIOGRAPHY; RADIOMETRY; LUNG NEOPLASMS; PROCEDURES;

BENCHMARKING; FOUR-DIMENSIONAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; HUMANS; LUNG NEOPLASMS; PHANTOMS, IMAGING; RADIOMETRY; RADIOTHERAPY DOSAGE; RADIOTHERAPY PLANNING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED;

EID: 84877265376     PISSN: 00942405     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1118/1.4800802     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. P. J. Keall, 4-dimensional computed tomography imaging and treatment planning., Semin. Radiat. Oncol. 14, 81-90 (2004). 10.1053/j.semradonc.2003.10. 006
2. A. Knopf, Special report: Workshop on 4D-treatment planning in actively scanned particle therapy-Recommendations, technical challenges, and future research directions., Med. Phys. 37, 4608-4614 (2010). 10.1118/1.3475944
3. G. T. Chen, J. H. Kung, and E. Rietzel, Four-dimensional imaging and treatment planning of moving targets., Front. Radiat. Ther. Oncol. 40, 59-71 (2007). 10.1159/000106028
4. P. J. Keall, S. Joshi, S. S. Vedam, J. V. Siebers, V. R. Kini, and R. Mohan, Four-dimensional radiotherapy planning for DMLC-based respiratory motion tracking., Med. Phys. 32, 942-951 (2005). 10.1118/1.1879152
5. S. Minohara, T. Kanai, M. Endo, K. Noda, and M. Kanazawa, Respiratory gated irradiation system for heavy-ion radiotherapy., Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. 47, 1097-1103 (2000). 10.1016/S0360-3016(00)00524-1
6. M. Koto, T. Miyamoto, N. Yamamoto, H. Nishimura, S. Yamada, and H. Tsujii, Local control and recurrence of stage I non-small cell lung cancer after carbon ion radiotherapy., Radiother. Oncol. 71, 147-156 (2004). 10.1016/j.radonc.2004.02.007
7. M. Engelsman, E. Rietzel, and H. M. Kooy, Four-dimensional proton treatment planning for lung tumors., Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 64, 1589-1595 (2006). 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.12.026
8. Y. Kang, 4D proton treatment planning strategy for mobile lung tumors., Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 67, 906-914 (2007). 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006. 10.045
9. S. Mori and G. T. Chen, Quantification and visualization of charged particle range variations., Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 72, 268-277 (2008). 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.05.011
10. S. Mori, J. Wolfgang, H. M. Lu, R. Schneider, N. C. Choi, and G. T. Y. Chen, Quantitative assessment of range fluctuations in charged particle lung irradiation., Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. 70, 253-261 (2008). 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007. 08.049
11. M. H. Phillips, E. Pedroni, H. Blattmann, T. Boehringer, A. Coray, and S. Scheib, Effects of respiratory motion on dose uniformity with a charged particle scanning method., Phys. Med. Biol. 37, 223-233 (1992). 10.1088/0031-9155/37/1/016
12. C. Bert, S. O. Grözinger, and E. Rietzel, Quantification of interplay effects of scanned particle beams and moving targets., Phys. Med. Biol. 53, 2253-2265 (2008). 10.1088/0031-9155/53/9/003
13. S. van de Water, R. Kreuger, S. Zenklusen, E. Hug, and A. J. Lomax, Tumour tracking with scanned proton beams: Assessing the accuracy and practicalities., Phys. Med. Biol. 54, 6549-6563 (2009). 10.1088/0031-9155/54/21/ 007
14. D. Boye, A. Lomax, and A. Knopf, 4D dose calculation for scanned proton beams using a deforming dose grid and simulated 4D CT., presented at the ESTRO International Oncology Forum, London, 8-12 May 2011.
15. A. C. Knopf, T. S. Hong, and A. Lomax, Scanned proton radiotherapy for mobile targets-the effectiveness of re-scanning in the context of different treatment planning approaches and for different motion characteristics., Phys. Med. Biol. 56, 7257-7271 (2011). 10.1088/0031-9155/56/22/016
16. Y. Zhang, D. Boye, C. Tanner, A. J. Lomax, and A. Knopf, Respiratory liver motion estimation and its effect on scanned proton beam therapy., Phys. Med. Biol. 57, 1779-1795 (2012). 10.1088/0031-9155/57/7/1779
17. K. M. Kraus, E. Heath, and U. Oelfke, Dosimetric consequences of tumour motion due to respiration for a scanned proton beam., Phys. Med. Biol. 56, 6563-6581 (2011). 10.1088/0031-9155/56/20/003
18. H. Paganetti, H. Jiang, J. A. Adams, G. T. Chen, and E. Rietzel, Monte Carlo simulations with time-dependent geometries to investigate effects of organ motion with high temporal resolution., Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. 60, 942-950 (2004). 10.1016/S0360-3016(04)01081-8
19. H. Paganetti, H. Jiang, and A. Trofimov, 4D Monte Carlo simulation of proton beam scanning: Modelling of variations in time and space to study the interplay between scanning pattern and time-dependent patient geometry., Phys. Med. Biol. 50, 983-990 (2005). 10.1088/0031-9155/50/5/020
20. C. Bert and M. Durante, Motion in radiotherapy: Particle therapy., Phys. Med. Biol. 56, R113-R144 (2011). 10.1088/0031-9155/56/16/R01
21. M. Krämer, O. Jäkel, T. Haberer, G. Kraft, D. Schardt, and U. Weber, Treatment planning for heavy-ion radiotherapy: Physical beam model and dose optimization., Phys. Med. Biol. 45, 3299-3317 (2000). 10.1088/0031-9155/45/ 11/313
22. M. Krämer and M. Scholz, Treatment planning for heavy-ion radiotherapy: Calculation and optimization of biologically effective dose., Phys. Med. Biol. 45, 3319-3330 (2000). 10.1088/0031-9155/45/11/314
23. O. Jäkel, M. Krämer, C. P. Karger, and J. Debus, Treatment planning for heavy ion radiotherapy: Clinical implementation and application., Phys. Med. Biol. 46, 1101-1116 (2001). 10.1088/0031-9155/46/4/314
24. Q. Li, S. O. Grözinger, T. Haberer, E. Rietzel, and G. Kraft, Online compensation of target motion with scanned particle beams: Simulation environment., Phys. Med. Biol. 49, 3029-3046 (2004). 10.1088/0031-9155/49/14/001
25. S. O. Grözinger, E. Rietzel, Q. Li, C. Bert, T. Haberer, and G. Kraft, Simulations to design an online motion compensation system for scanned particle beams., Phys. Med. Biol. 51, 3517-3531 (2006). 10.1088/0031-9155/51/14/ 016
26. E. Rietzel, G. T. Y. Chen, N. C. Choi, and C. G. Willet, Four-dimensional image-based treatment planning: Target volume segmentation and dose calculation in the presence of respiratory motion., Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. 61, 1535-1550 (2005). 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2004.11.037
27. C. Bert and E. Rietzel, 4D treatment planning for scanned ion beams., Radiat. Oncol. 2, 24 (2007). 10.1186/1748-717X-2-24
28. R. Lüchtenborg, N. Saito, M. Durante, and C. Bert, Experimental verification of a real-time compensation functionality for dose changes due to target motion in scanned particle therapy., Med. Phys. 38, 5448-5458 (2011). 10.1118/1.3633891
29. C. Bert, D. Richter, M. Durante, and E. Rietzel, Scanned carbon beam irradiation of moving films: Comparison of measured and calculated response., Radiat. Oncol. 7, 55 (2012). 10.1186/1748-717X-7-55
30. A. Gemmel, E. Rietzel, G. Kraft, M. Durante, and C. Bert, Calculation and experimental verification of the RBE-weighted dose for scanned ion beams in the presence of target motion., Phys. Med. Biol. 56, 7337-7351 (2011). 10.1088/0031-9155/56/23/001
31. W. Schlegel, Computer systems and mechanical tools for stereotactically guided conformation therapy with linear accelerators., Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 24, 781-787 (1992). 10.1016/0360-3016(92)90729-2
32. A. E. Lujan, E. W. Larsen, J. M. Balter, and R. K. T. Haken, A method for incorporating organ motion due to breathing into 3D dose calculations., Med. Phys. 26, 715-720 (1999). 10.1118/1.598577
33. E. Rietzel and G. T. Y. Chen, Deformable registration of 4D computed tomography data., Med. Phys. 33, 4423-4230 (2006). 10.1118/1.2361077
34. M. L. Kessler, Image registration and data fusion in radiation therapy., Br. J. Radiol. 79 (Spec. No. 1), S99-S108 (2006). 10.1259/bjr/70617164
35. D. Yang, W. Lu, D. A. Low, J. O. Deasy, A. J. Hope, and I. El Naqa, 4D-CT motion estimation using deformable image registration and 5D respiratory motion modeling., Med. Phys. 35, 4577-4590 (2008). 10.1118/1.2977828
36. G. C. Sharp, N. Kandasamy, H. Singh, and M. Folkert, GPU-based streaming architectures for fast cone-beam CT image reconstruction and demons deformable registration., Phys. Med. Biol. 52, 5771-5783 (2007). 10.1088/0031-9155/52/19/ 003
37. O. Veblen and J. W. Young, Projective Geometry (University of Michigan Library, Ann Arbor, MI, 2005).
38. W. Lu, G. H. Olivera, Q. Chen, M. L. Chen, and K. J. Ruchala, Automatic re-contouring in 4D radiotherapy., Phys. Med. Biol. 51, 1077-1099 (2006). 10.1088/0031-9155/51/5/002
39. S. Gaede, An evaluation of an automated 4D-CT contour propagation tool to define an internal gross tumour volume for lung cancer radiotherapy., Radiother. Oncol. 101, 322-328 (2011). 10.1016/j.radonc.2011.08.036
40. E. Haines, Essential ray tracing algorithms., in An Introduction to Ray Tracing, 9th ed., edited by, A. Glassner, (Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, 2002), pp. 50-58.
41. T. C. Hales, The Jordan curve theorem, formally and informally., Am. Math. Monthly 114, 882-894 (2007).
42. H. Freeman and L. S. Davis, A corner-finding algorithm for chain-coded curves., IEEE Trans. Comput. C-26, 297-303 (1977). 10.1109/TC.1977.1674825
43. D. Ragan, G. Starkschall, T. McNutt, M. Kaus, T. Guerrero, and C. W. Stevens, Semiautomated four-dimensional computed tomography segmentation using deformable models., Med. Phys. 32, 2254-2261 (2005). 10.1118/1.1929207
44. R. Shekhar, P. Lei, C. R. Castro-Pareja, W. L. Plishker, and W. D. D'Souza, Automatic segmentation of phase-correlated CT scans through nonrigid image registration using geometrically regularized free-form deformation., Med. Phys. 34, 3054-3066 (2007). 10.1118/1.2740467
45. T. McInerney and D. Terzopoulos, Deformable models in medical image analysis: A survey., Med. Image Anal. 1, 91-108 (1996). 10.1016/S1361-8415(96) 80007-7
46. J. Montagnat and H. Delingette, 4D deformable models with temporal constraints: Application to 4D cardiac image segmentation., Med. Image Anal. 9, 87-100 (2005). 10.1016/j.media.2004.06.025
47. E. Faggiano, An automatic contour propagation method to follow parotid gland deformation during head-and-neck cancer tomotherapy., Phys. Med. Biol. 56, 775-791 (2011). 10.1088/0031-9155/56/3/015
48. ICRU, Prescribing, recording and reporting photon beam therapy., ICRU Report No. 62 (International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, 1999).
49. E. Rietzel and C. Bert, Respiratory motion management in particle therapy., Med. Phys. 37, 449-460 (2010). 10.1118/1.3250856
50. C. Graeff, M. Durante, and C. Bert, Motion mitigation in intensity modulated particle therapy by internal target volumes covering range changes., Med. Phys. 39, 6004-6013 (2012). 10.1118/1.4749964
51. E. C. Ford, G. S. Mageras, E. Yorke, and C. C. Ling, Respiration- correlated spiral CT: A method of measuring respiratory-induced anatomic motion for radiation treatment planning., Med. Phys. 30, 88-97 (2003). 10.1118/1.1531177
52. E. Rietzel, T. Pan, and G. T. Y. Chen, Four-dimensional computed tomography: Image formation and clinical protocol., Med. Phys. 32, 874-889 (2005). 10.1118/1.1869852
53. R. G. Lyons, The discrete Hilbert transform., Understanding Digital Signal Processing, 3rd ed. (Pearson Education, Boston, MA, 2011).
54. M. Frigo and S. G. Johnson, The design and implementation of FFTW3., Proc. IEEE 93, 216-231 (2005). 10.1109/JPROC.2004.840301
55. T. Furukawa, Moving target irradiation with fast rescanning and gating in particle therapy., Med. Phys. 37, 4874-4879 (2010). 10.1118/1.3481512
56. B. Spielberger, M. Krämer, M. Scholz, and G. Kraft, Three-dimensional dose verification in complex particle radiation fields based on X-ray films., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 209, 277-282 (2003). 10.1016/S0168-583X(02)02012-8
57. C. P. Karger, O. Jäkel, and G. H. Hartmann, A system for three-dimensional dosimetric verification of treatment plans in intensity-modulated radiotherapy with heavy ions., Med. Phys. 26, 2125-2132 (1999). 10.1118/1.598728
58. P. Steidl, A breathing thorax phantom with independently programmable 6D tumour motion for dosimetric measurements in radiation therapy., Phys. Med. Biol. 57, 2235-2250 (2012). 10.1088/0031-9155/57/8/2235
59. U. Weber and G. Kraft, Design and construction of a ripple filter for a smoothed depth dose distribution in conformal particle therapy., Phys. Med. Biol. 44, 2765-2775 (1999). 10.1088/0031-9155/44/11/306
60. C. P. Karger, O. Jakel, H. Palmans, and T. Kanai, Dosimetry for ion beam radiotherapy., Phys. Med. Biol. 55, R193-R234 (2010). 10.1088/0031-9155/55/21/ R01
61. T. T. Puck and P. I. Marcus, A rapid method for viable cell titration and clone production with Hela cells in tissue culture: The use of X-irradiated cells to supply conditioning factors., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 41, 432-437 (1955). 10.1073/pnas.41.7.432
62. M. Krämer and M. Durante, Ion beam transport calculations and treatment plans in particle therapy., Eur. Phys. J. D 60, 195-202 (2010). 10.1140/epjd/e2010-00077-8
63. T. Elsässer, M. Krämer, and M. Scholz, Accuracy of the local effect model for the prediction of biologic effects of carbon ion beams in vitro and in vivo., Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 71, 866-872 (2008). 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.02.037
64. X. Zhang, Four-dimensional computed tomography-based treatment planning for intensity-modulated radiation therapy and proton therapy for distal esophageal cancer., Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 72, 278-287 (2008). 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.05.014
65. K. K. Brock, Results of a multi-institution deformable registration accuracy study (MIDRAS)., Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 76, 583-596 (2010). 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.06.031
66. O. Nohadani, J. Seco, and T. Bortfeld, Motion management with phase-adapted 4D-optimization., Phys. Med. Biol. 55, 5189-5202 (2010). 10.1088/0031-9155/55/17/019
67. J. Unkelbach, T. Bortfeld, B. C. Martin, and M. Soukup, Reducing the sensitivity of IMPT treatment plans to setup errors and range uncertainties via probabilistic treatment planning., Med. Phys. 36, 149-163 (2009). 10.1118/1.3021139
68. T. Haberer, W. Becher, D. Schardt, and G. Kraft, Magnetic scanning system for heavy ion therapy., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 330, 296-305 (1993). 10.1016/0168-9002(93)91335-K
69. T. Furukawa, K. Noda, T. H. Uesugi, T. Naruse, and S. Shibuya, Intensity control in RF-knockout extraction for scanning irradiation., J. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 240, 32-35 (2005). 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.06.083
70. C. Schömers, E. Feldmeier, T. Haberer, J. Naumann, R. Panse, and A. Peters, Implementation of an intensity feedback loop for an ion therapy synchrotron., IPAC2011 Conference (2011), p. 2851.
71. G. C. Sharp, S. B. Jiang, S. Shimizu, and H. Shirato, Prediction of respiratory tumour motion for real-time image-guided radiotherapy., Phys. Med. Biol. 49, 425-440 (2004). 10.1088/0031-9155/49/3/006
72. D. Ruan and P. Keall, Online prediction of respiratory motion: Multidimensional processing with low-dimensional feature learning., Phys. Med. Biol. 55, 3011-3025 (2010). 10.1088/0031-9155/55/11/002
73. M. von Siebenthal, G. Szekely, U. Gamper, P. Boesiger, A. Lomax, and P. Cattin, 4D MR imaging of respiratory organ motion and its variability., Phys. Med. Biol. 52, 1547-1564 (2007). 10.1088/0031-9155/52/6/001
74. G. Chen, G. Sharp, and S. Mori, A review of image-guided radiotherapy., Radiol. Phys. Technol. 2, 1-12 (2009). 10.1007/s12194-008-0045-y
75. R. B. Case, Interfraction and intrafraction changes in amplitude of breathing motion in stereotactic liver radiotherapy., Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 77, 918-925 (2010). 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.09.008
76. S. Hild, M. Durante, and C. Bert, Assessment of uncertainties in treatment planning for scanned ion beam therapy of moving tumors., Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., Biol., Phys. 85, 528-535 (2013). 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.04.011