메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 41, Issue 5, 2013, Pages 1332-1344

The use of neuromuscular blocking agents in the ICU: Where are we now?

Author keywords

associated complications; ICU; monitoring; neuromuscular blockade; pharmacology; reversal; use

Indexed keywords

AMINOGLYCOSIDE; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ATRACURIUM BESILATE; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CAFFEINE; CALCIUM; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CARBAMAZEPINE; CARDIOVASCULAR AGENT; CISATRACURIUM; CLINDAMYCIN; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOSPORIN; FUROSEMIDE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; LITHIUM; MAGNESIUM; NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING AGENT; PANCURONIUM; PHENYTOIN; POTASSIUM; PROCAINAMIDE; QUINIDINE; RANITIDINE; ROCURONIUM; SUXAMETHONIUM; TETRACYCLINE; THEOPHYLLINE; VECURONIUM;

EID: 84876524014     PISSN: 00903493     EISSN: 15300293     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31828ce07c     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (51)

References (132)
  • 1
    • 80052491328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current therapeutic uses, pharmacology, and clinical considerations of neuromuscular blocking agents for critically ill adults
    • Warr J, Thiboutot Z, Rose L, et al: Current therapeutic uses, pharmacology, and clinical considerations of neuromuscular blocking agents for critically ill adults. Ann Pharmacother 2011; 45:1116-1126
    • (2011) Ann Pharmacother , vol.45 , pp. 1116-1126
    • Warr, J.1    Thiboutot, Z.2    Rose, L.3
  • 2
    • 0019410978 scopus 로고
    • The techniques used to sedate ventilated patients. A survey of methods used in 34 ICUs in Great Britain
    • Merriman HM: The techniques used to sedate ventilated patients. A survey of methods used in 34 ICUs in Great Britain. Intensive Care Med 1981; 7:217-224
    • (1981) Intensive Care Med , vol.7 , pp. 217-224
    • Merriman, H.M.1
  • 3
    • 23744458016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of sedatives and neuromuscular blockers in a cohort of patients receiving mechanical ventilation
    • International Mechanical Ventilation Study Group
    • Arroliga A, Frutos-Vivar F, Hall J, et al; International Mechanical Ventilation Study Group: Use of sedatives and neuromuscular blockers in a cohort of patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Chest 2005; 128:496-506
    • (2005) Chest , vol.128 , pp. 496-506
    • Arroliga, A.1    Frutos-Vivar, F.2    Hall, J.3
  • 4
    • 31344462888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canadian survey of the use of sedatives, analgesics, and neuromuscular blocking agents in critically ill patients
    • Canadian Critical Care Trials Group
    • Mehta S, Burry L, Fischer S, et al; Canadian Critical Care Trials Group: Canadian survey of the use of sedatives, analgesics, and neuromuscular blocking agents in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:374-380
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 374-380
    • Mehta, S.1    Burry, L.2    Fischer, S.3
  • 5
    • 0347061065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National survey of the use of sedating drugs, neuromuscular blocking agents and reversal agents in the intensive care unit
    • Rhoney DH, Murray K: National survey of the use of sedating drugs, neuromuscular blocking agents and reversal agents in the intensive care unit. J Intensive Care 2003; 18:139-145
    • (2003) J Intensive Care , vol.18 , pp. 139-145
    • Rhoney, D.H.1    Murray, K.2
  • 6
    • 77953307471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe hypoxemic respiratory failure: Part 2-nonventilatory strategies
    • Raoof S, Goulet K, Esan A, et al: Severe hypoxemic respiratory failure: Part 2-nonventilatory strategies. Chest 2010; 137:1437-1448
    • (2010) Chest , vol.137 , pp. 1437-1448
    • Raoof, S.1    Goulet, K.2    Esan, A.3
  • 7
    • 41649110117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of sedatives, opioids, and neuro-muscular blocking agents in patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome
    • Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network
    • Arroliga AC, Thompson BT, Ancukiewicz M, et al; Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network: Use of sedatives, opioids, and neuro-muscular blocking agents in patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med 2008; 36:1083-1088
    • (2008) Crit Care Med , vol.36 , pp. 1083-1088
    • Arroliga, A.C.1    Thompson, B.T.2    Ancukiewicz, M.3
  • 8
    • 0041866144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induced hypothermia in critical care medicine: A review
    • Bernard SA, Buist M: Induced hypothermia in critical care medicine: A review. Crit Care Med 2003; 31:2041-2051
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31 , pp. 2041-2051
    • Bernard, S.A.1    Buist, M.2
  • 9
    • 67650738726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current concepts in neuromuscular transmission
    • Fagerland MJ, Erikkson LI: Current concepts in neuromuscular transmission. Br J Anaesth 2009; 103:108-114
    • (2009) Br J Anaesth , vol.103 , pp. 108-114
    • Fagerland, M.J.1    Erikkson, L.I.2
  • 10
    • 33645650003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation and inhibition of human muscular and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by succinylcholine
    • Jonsson M, Dabrowski M, Gurley DA, et al: Activation and inhibition of human muscular and neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by succinylcholine. Anesthesiology 2006; 104:724-733
    • (2006) Anesthesiology , vol.104 , pp. 724-733
    • Jonsson, M.1    Dabrowski, M.2    Gurley, D.A.3
  • 11
    • 67049173266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological characteristics of the inhibition of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents at human adult muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
    • Jonsson Fagerlund M, Dabrowski M, Eriksson LI: Pharmacological characteristics of the inhibition of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents at human adult muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Anesthesiology 2009; 110:1244-1252
    • (2009) Anesthesiology , vol.110 , pp. 1244-1252
    • Jonsson Fagerlund, M.1    Dabrowski, M.2    Eriksson, L.I.3
  • 12
    • 0035576736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuromuscular blockers in surgery and intensive care, part i
    • McManus MC: Neuromuscular blockers in surgery and intensive care, part I. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2001; 58:2287-2299
    • (2001) Am J Health Syst Pharm , vol.58 , pp. 2287-2299
    • McManus, M.C.1
  • 14
    • 0035179224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuromuscular blocking agents use and misuse in the intensive care unit
    • Murphy GS, Vender J: Neuromuscular blocking agents use and misuse in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Clin 2001; 17:925-942
    • (2001) Crit Care Clin , vol.17 , pp. 925-942
    • Murphy, G.S.1    Vender, J.2
  • 15
    • 84860571948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction to drug pharmacokinetics in the critically ill patient
    • Smith BS, Yogaratnam D, Levasseur-Franklin KE, et al: Introduction to drug pharmacokinetics in the critically ill patient. Chest 2012; 141:1327-1336
    • (2012) Chest , vol.141 , pp. 1327-1336
    • Smith, B.S.1    Yogaratnam, D.2    Levasseur-Franklin, K.E.3
  • 16
    • 84876571399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature-dependent phar-macokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vecuronium
    • Caldwell JE, Heier T, Wright PM, et al: Temperature-dependent phar-macokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vecuronium. Anesthesiology 2000; 94:83-92
    • (2000) Anesthesiology , vol.94 , pp. 83-92
    • Caldwell, J.E.1    Heier, T.2    Wright, P.M.3
  • 17
    • 0029584741 scopus 로고
    • Effects of hypo-thermic cardiopulmonary bypass on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of rocuronium
    • Smeulers NJ, Wierda JM, van den Broek L, et al: Effects of hypo-thermic cardiopulmonary bypass on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of rocuronium. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1995; 9:700-705
    • (1995) J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth , vol.9 , pp. 700-705
    • Smeulers, N.J.1    Wierda, J.M.2    Van Den Broek, L.3
  • 18
    • 0029124892 scopus 로고
    • The infuence of hypothermia (surface cooling) on the time-course of action and on the pharmacokinetics of rocuronium in humans
    • Beaufort AM, Wierda JM, Belopavlovic M, et al: The infuence of hypothermia (surface cooling) on the time-course of action and on the pharmacokinetics of rocuronium in humans. Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl 1995; 11:95-106
    • (1995) Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl , vol.11 , pp. 95-106
    • Beaufort, A.M.1    Wierda, J.M.2    Belopavlovic, M.3
  • 19
    • 0032897409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical pharmacokinetics of the newer neu-romuscular blocking drugs
    • Atherton DP, Hunter JM: Clinical pharmacokinetics of the newer neu-romuscular blocking drugs. Clin Pharmacokinet 1999; 36:169-189
    • (1999) Clin Pharmacokinet , vol.36 , pp. 169-189
    • Atherton, D.P.1    Hunter, J.M.2
  • 20
    • 0028968498 scopus 로고
    • The pharmacokinetics and neuromuscular effects of rocuronium bromide in patients with liver disease
    • Magorian T, Wood P, Caldwell J, et al: The pharmacokinetics and neuromuscular effects of rocuronium bromide in patients with liver disease. Anesth Analg 1995; 80:754-759
    • (1995) Anesth Analg , vol.80 , pp. 754-759
    • Magorian, T.1    Wood, P.2    Caldwell, J.3
  • 21
    • 0026440609 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of rocuronium bromide (ORG 9426) in patients with normal renal function or patients undergoing cadaver renal transplantation
    • Szenohradszky J, Fisher DM, Segredo V, et al: Pharmacokinetics of rocuronium bromide (ORG 9426) in patients with normal renal function or patients undergoing cadaver renal transplantation. Anesthesi-ology 1992; 77:899-904
    • (1992) Anesthesi-ology , vol.77 , pp. 899-904
    • Szenohradszky, J.1    Fisher, D.M.2    Segredo, V.3
  • 22
    • 0027296478 scopus 로고
    • Time course of neuro-muscular effects and pharmacokinetics of rocuronium bromide (Org 9426) during isofurane anaesthesia in patients with and without renal failure
    • Cooper RA, Maddineni VR, Mirakhur RK, et al: Time course of neuro-muscular effects and pharmacokinetics of rocuronium bromide (Org 9426) during isofurane anaesthesia in patients with and without renal failure. Br J Anaesth 1993; 71:222-226
    • (1993) Br J Anaesth , vol.71 , pp. 222-226
    • Cooper, R.A.1    Maddineni, V.R.2    Mirakhur, R.K.3
  • 23
    • 0030067184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the phar-macodynamics and pharmacokinetics of an infusion of cis-atracurium (51W89) or atracurium in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in an intensive therapy unit
    • Boyd AH, Eastwood NB, Parker CJ, et al: Comparison of the phar-macodynamics and pharmacokinetics of an infusion of cis-atracurium (51W89) or atracurium in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in an intensive therapy unit. Br J Anaesth 1996; 76:382-388
    • (1996) Br J Anaesth , vol.76 , pp. 382-388
    • Boyd, A.H.1    Eastwood, N.B.2    Parker, C.J.3
  • 24
    • 84876525569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-depolarizing muscle relaxants
    • St Louis, MO, Wolters, Kluwer
    • Tatro DS (Ed): Non-depolarizing muscle relaxants. In: Drug Interaction Facts. St Louis, MO, Wolters Kluwer, 2010, pp 1231-1253
    • (2010) Drug Interaction Facts , pp. 1231-1253
    • Tatro, D.S.1
  • 25
    • 77954667679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Residual neuromuscular block: Lessons unlearned. Part II: Methods to reduce the risk of residual weakness
    • Murphy GS, Brull SJ: Residual neuromuscular block: Lessons unlearned. Part II: Methods to reduce the risk of residual weakness. Anesth Analg 2010; 111:129-140
    • (2010) Anesth Analg , vol.111 , pp. 129-140
    • Murphy, G.S.1    Brull, S.J.2
  • 26
    • 61449106490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical limitations of acetylcholinesterase antagonists
    • Caldwell JE: Clinical limitations of acetylcholinesterase antagonists. J Crit Care 2009; 24:21-28
    • (2009) J Crit Care , vol.24 , pp. 21-28
    • Caldwell, J.E.1
  • 28
    • 50849154436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neostigmine but not sugammadex impairs upper airway dilator muscle activity and breathing
    • Eikermann M, Zaremba S, Malhotra A, et al: Neostigmine but not sugammadex impairs upper airway dilator muscle activity and breathing. Br J Anaesth 2008; 101:344-349
    • (2008) Br J Anaesth , vol.101 , pp. 344-349
    • Eikermann, M.1    Zaremba, S.2    Malhotra, A.3
  • 29
    • 34748841998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unwarranted administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors can impair genioglossus and diaphragm muscle function
    • Eikermann M, Fassbender P, Malhotra A, et al: Unwarranted administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors can impair genioglossus and diaphragm muscle function. Anesthesiology 2007; 107:621-629
    • (2007) Anesthesiology , vol.107 , pp. 621-629
    • Eikermann, M.1    Fassbender, P.2    Malhotra, A.3
  • 30
    • 33645289950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sugammadex, a new reversal agent for neuromuscular block induced by rocuronium in the anaesthetized Rhesus monkey
    • de Boer HD, van Egmond J, van de Pol F, et al: Sugammadex, a new reversal agent for neuromuscular block induced by rocuronium in the anaesthetized Rhesus monkey. Br J Anaesth 2006; 96:473-479
    • (2006) Br J Anaesth , vol.96 , pp. 473-479
    • De Boer, H.D.1    Van Egmond, J.2    Van De Pol, F.3
  • 32
    • 40949125983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers
    • Cammu G, De Kam PJ, Demeyer I, et al: Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers. Br J Anaesth 2008; 100:373-379
    • (2008) Br J Anaesth , vol.100 , pp. 373-379
    • Cammu, G.1    De Kam, P.J.2    Demeyer, I.3
  • 33
    • 68949131794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sugammadex: A novel selective relaxant binding agent
    • Naguib M, Brull SJ: Sugammadex: A novel selective relaxant binding agent. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2009; 2:37-53
    • (2009) Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol , vol.2 , pp. 37-53
    • Naguib, M.1    Brull, S.J.2
  • 34
    • 78149491589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sugammadex: Cyclodextrins, development of selective binding agents, pharmacology, clinical development, and future directions
    • Akha AS, Rosa J 3rd, Jahr JS, et al: Sugammadex: Cyclodextrins, development of selective binding agents, pharmacology, clinical development, and future directions. Anesthesiol Clin 2010; 28:691-708
    • (2010) Anesthesiol Clin , vol.28 , pp. 691-708
    • Akha, A.S.1    Rosa III, J.2    Jahr, J.S.3
  • 35
    • 78751532765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sugammadex in the management of rocuronium induced anaphylaxis
    • McDonnell MJ, Pavy TJ, Green LK, et al: Sugammadex in the management of rocuronium induced anaphylaxis. Br J Anesth 2011; 106:199-201
    • (2011) Br J Anesth , vol.106 , pp. 199-201
    • McDonnell, M.J.1    Pavy, T.J.2    Green, L.K.3
  • 36
    • 8444230850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sedation, analgesia, neuro-muscular blockade in sepsis: An evidence based review
    • Vender JS, Szokol J, Murphy GS, et al: Sedation, analgesia, neuro-muscular blockade in sepsis: An evidence based review. Crit Care Med 2004; 32:S554-561
    • (2004) Crit Care Med , vol.32
    • Vender, J.S.1    Szokol, J.2    Murphy, G.S.3
  • 37
    • 77954679557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Residual neuromuscular block: Lessons unlearned. Part I: Defnitions, incidence, and adverse physiologic effects of residual neuromuscular blockade
    • Murphy GS, Brull SJ: Residual neuromuscular block: Lessons unlearned. Part I: Defnitions, incidence, and adverse physiologic effects of residual neuromuscular blockade. Anesth Analg 2010; 111:120-128
    • (2010) Anesth Analg , vol.111 , pp. 120-128
    • Murphy, G.S.1    Brull, S.J.2
  • 38
    • 0036453850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuromuscular blockade studies of critically ill patients
    • Pino RM: Neuromuscular blockade studies of critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28:1695-1697
    • (2002) Intensive Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 1695-1697
    • Pino, R.M.1
  • 40
    • 84255185340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The infuence of residual neuro-muscular blockade on the incidence of critical respiratory events. A randomized prospective, placebo controlled trial
    • Sauer M, Stahn A, Soltesz S, et al: The infuence of residual neuro-muscular blockade on the incidence of critical respiratory events. A randomized prospective, placebo controlled trial. European J Anes-thesiol 2011; 28:841-848
    • (2011) European J Anes-thesiol , vol.28 , pp. 841-848
    • Sauer, M.1    Stahn, A.2    Soltesz, S.3
  • 41
    • 52649110126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraoperative accelero-myographic monitoring reduces the risk of residual neuromuscular blockade and adverse respiratory events in the postanesthesia care unit
    • Murphy GS, Szokol JW, Marymont JH, et al: Intraoperative accelero-myographic monitoring reduces the risk of residual neuromuscular blockade and adverse respiratory events in the postanesthesia care unit. Anesthesiology 2008; 109:389-398
    • (2008) Anesthesiology , vol.109 , pp. 389-398
    • Murphy, G.S.1    Szokol, J.W.2    Marymont, J.H.3
  • 42
    • 80054981115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraoperative accelero-myography monitoring reduces symptoms of muscle weakness and improves quality of recovery in the early postoperative period
    • Murphy GS, Szokol JW, Avram MJ, et al: Intraoperative accelero-myography monitoring reduces symptoms of muscle weakness and improves quality of recovery in the early postoperative period. Anes-thesiology 2011; 115:946-954
    • (2011) Anes-thesiology , vol.115 , pp. 946-954
    • Murphy, G.S.1    Szokol, J.W.2    Avram, M.J.3
  • 43
    • 84860602146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuromuscular blockade and skeletal muscle weakness in critically ill patients: Time to rethink the evidence?
    • Puthucheary Z, Rawal J, Ratnayake G, et al: Neuromuscular blockade and skeletal muscle weakness in critically ill patients: Time to rethink the evidence? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 185:911-917
    • (2012) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.185 , pp. 911-917
    • Puthucheary, Z.1    Rawal, J.2    Ratnayake, G.3
  • 44
    • 61449219064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paralytics in critical care: Not always the bad guy
    • Forel JM, Roch A, Papazian L: Paralytics in critical care: Not always the bad guy. Curr Opin Crit Care 2009; 15:59-66
    • (2009) Curr Opin Crit Care , vol.15 , pp. 59-66
    • Forel, J.M.1    Roch, A.2    Papazian, L.3
  • 45
    • 0028288001 scopus 로고
    • Long-term administration of pancuronium and pipecuronium in the intensive care unit
    • Khuenl-Brady KS, Reitstätter B, Schlager A, et al: Long-term administration of pancuronium and pipecuronium in the intensive care unit. Anesth Analg 1994; 78:1082-1086
    • (1994) Anesth Analg , vol.78 , pp. 1082-1086
    • Khuenl-Brady, K.S.1    Reitstätter, B.2    Schlager, A.3
  • 46
    • 0030944946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective, randomized, controlled evaluation of peripheral nerve stimulation versus standard clinical dosing of neuromuscular blocking agents in critically ill patients
    • Rudis MI, Sikora CA, Angus E, et al: A prospective, randomized, controlled evaluation of peripheral nerve stimulation versus standard clinical dosing of neuromuscular blocking agents in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 1997; 25:575-583
    • (1997) Crit Care Med , vol.25 , pp. 575-583
    • Rudis, M.I.1    Sikora, C.A.2    Angus, E.3
  • 47
    • 0030656513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of train-of-four and best clinical assessment during continuous paralysis
    • Strange C, Vaughan L, Franklin C, et al: Comparison of train-of-four and best clinical assessment during continuous paralysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 156:1556-1561
    • (1997) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.156 , pp. 1556-1561
    • Strange, C.1    Vaughan, L.2    Franklin, C.3
  • 48
    • 6344221797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective randomized comparison of train-of-four monitoring and clinical assessment during continuous ICU cisatracurium paralysis
    • Baumann MH, McAlpin BW, Brown K, et al: A prospective randomized comparison of train-of-four monitoring and clinical assessment during continuous ICU cisatracurium paralysis. Chest 2004; 126:1267-1273
    • (2004) Chest , vol.126 , pp. 1267-1273
    • Baumann, M.H.1    McAlpin, B.W.2    Brown, K.3
  • 49
    • 18844455306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised controlled trial comparing cisatra-curium and vecuronium infusions in a paediatric intensive care unit
    • Burmester M, Mok Q: Randomised controlled trial comparing cisatra-curium and vecuronium infusions in a paediatric intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med 2005; 31:686-692
    • (2005) Intensive Care Med , vol.31 , pp. 686-692
    • Burmester, M.1    Mok, Q.2
  • 50
    • 70350517765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A framework for diagnosing and classifying intensive care unit-acquired weakness
    • Stevens RD, Marshall SA, Cornblath DR, et al: A framework for diagnosing and classifying intensive care unit-acquired weakness. Crit Care Med 2009; 37(10 Suppl):S299-S308
    • (2009) Crit Care Med , vol.37 , Issue.10 SUPPL.
    • Stevens, R.D.1    Marshall, S.A.2    Cornblath, D.R.3
  • 51
    • 0031665229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of neurophysi-ological abnormality in prolonged critical illness
    • Coakley JH, Nagendran K, Yarwood GD, et al: Patterns of neurophysi-ological abnormality in prolonged critical illness. Intensive Care Med 1998; 24:801-807
    • (1998) Intensive Care Med , vol.24 , pp. 801-807
    • Coakley, J.H.1    Nagendran, K.2    Yarwood, G.D.3
  • 52
    • 0017391867 scopus 로고
    • Severe myopathy after status asthmati-cus
    • MacFarlane IA, Rosenthal FD: Severe myopathy after status asthmati-cus. Lancet 1977; 2:615
    • (1977) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 615
    • MacFarlane, I.A.1    Rosenthal, F.D.2
  • 53
    • 42449133390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced myopathy
    • Schakman O, Gilson H, Thissen JP: Mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced myopathy. J Endocrinol 2008; 197:1-10
    • (2008) J Endocrinol , vol.197 , pp. 1-10
    • Schakman, O.1    Gilson, H.2    Thissen, J.P.3
  • 54
    • 77956671058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuromuscular blockers in early acute respiratory distress syndrome
    • ACURASYS Study Investigators
    • Papazian L, Forel JM, Gacouin A, et al; ACURASYS Study Investigators: Neuromuscular blockers in early acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2010; 363:1107-1116
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.363 , pp. 1107-1116
    • Papazian, L.1    Forel, J.M.2    Gacouin, A.3
  • 55
    • 33750279268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuromuscular blocking agents decrease infammatory response in patients presenting with acute respiratory distress syndrome
    • Forel JM, Roch A, Marin V, et al: Neuromuscular blocking agents decrease infammatory response in patients presenting with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:2749-2757
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 2749-2757
    • Forel, J.M.1    Roch, A.2    Marin, V.3
  • 56
    • 33645525807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients' recollections of therapeutic paralysis in the intensive care unit
    • quiz 95
    • Ballard N, Robley L, Barrett D, et al: Patients' recollections of therapeutic paralysis in the intensive care unit. Am J Crit Care 2006; 15:86-94; quiz 95
    • (2006) Am J Crit Care , vol.15 , pp. 86-94
    • Ballard, N.1    Robley, L.2    Barrett, D.3
  • 57
    • 0024411463 scopus 로고
    • Paralyzed with pain: The need for education
    • Loper KA, Butler S, Nessly M, et al: Paralyzed with pain: The need for education. Pain 1989; 37:315-316
    • (1989) Pain , vol.37 , pp. 315-316
    • Loper, K.A.1    Butler, S.2    Nessly, M.3
  • 58
    • 0033400647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a nursing-implemented sedation protocol on the duration of mechanical ventilation
    • Brook AD, Ahrens TS, Schaiff R, et al: Effect of a nursing-implemented sedation protocol on the duration of mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med 1999; 27:2609-2615
    • (1999) Crit Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 2609-2615
    • Brook, A.D.1    Ahrens, T.S.2    Schaiff, R.3
  • 59
    • 0034682246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daily interruption of sedative infusions in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation
    • Kress J P, Pohlman AS, O'Connor MF, et al: Daily interruption of sedative infusions in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:1471-1477
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 1471-1477
    • Kress, J.P.1    Pohlman, A.S.2    O'Connor, M.F.3
  • 60
    • 38049017332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effcacy and safety of a paired sedation and ventilator weaning protocol for mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care (Awakening and Breathing Controlled trial): A randomised controlled trial
    • Girard TD, Kress JP, Fuchs BD, et al: Effcacy and safety of a paired sedation and ventilator weaning protocol for mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care (Awakening and Breathing Controlled trial): A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2008; 371:126-134
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.371 , pp. 126-134
    • Girard, T.D.1    Kress, J.P.2    Fuchs, B.D.3
  • 61
    • 84857854451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sedation and analgesia in the mechanically ventilated patient
    • Patel SB, Kress JP: Sedation and analgesia in the mechanically ventilated patient. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 185:486-497
    • (2012) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.185 , pp. 486-497
    • Patel, S.B.1    Kress, J.P.2
  • 63
    • 84864100385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of correlation between bispectral index and four common sedation scales used in mechanically ventilated patients in ICU
    • Yaman F, Ozcan A, Kaymak C, et al: Assessment of correlation between bispectral index and four common sedation scales used in mechanically ventilated patients in ICU. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2012; 16:660-666
    • (2012) Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci , vol.16 , pp. 660-666
    • Yaman, F.1    Ozcan, A.2    Kaymak, C.3
  • 64
    • 70149110898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Auditory event-related potentials, bispectral index, and entropy for the discrimination of different levels of sedation in intensive care unit patients
    • Haenggi M, Ypparila-Wolters H, Buerki S, et al: Auditory event-related potentials, bispectral index, and entropy for the discrimination of different levels of sedation in intensive care unit patients. Anesth Analg 2009; 109:807-816
    • (2009) Anesth Analg , vol.109 , pp. 807-816
    • Haenggi, M.1    Ypparila-Wolters, H.2    Buerki, S.3
  • 65
    • 84857850754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bispectral index values, sedation agitation scores, and plasma concentrations of lorazepam in critically ill surgical patients
    • LeBlanc JM, Dasta J F, Pruchnicki MC, et al: Bispectral index values, sedation agitation scores, and plasma concentrations of lorazepam in critically ill surgical patients. Am J Crit Care 2012; 21:99-105
    • (2012) Am J Crit Care , vol.21 , pp. 99-105
    • Leblanc, J.M.1    Dasta, J.F.2    Pruchnicki, M.C.3
  • 66
    • 77955178798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analytic reviews: Managing the agitated patient in the ICU: Sedation, analgesia, and neuromuscular blockade
    • Honiden S, Siegel MD: Analytic reviews: Managing the agitated patient in the ICU: Sedation, analgesia, and neuromuscular blockade. J Intensive Care Med 2010; 25:187-204
    • (2010) J Intensive Care Med , vol.25 , pp. 187-204
    • Honiden, S.1    Siegel, M.D.2
  • 67
    • 73049112950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction in deep venous thrombosis incidence in intensive care after a clinician education program
    • Boddi M, Barbani F, Abbate R, et al: Reduction in deep venous thrombosis incidence in intensive care after a clinician education program. Thromb Hemost 2009; 8:121-128
    • (2009) Thromb Hemost , vol.8 , pp. 121-128
    • Boddi, M.1    Barbani, F.2    Abbate, R.3
  • 68
    • 68849126355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preventing corneal abrasions in critically ill children receiving neuromuscular blockade: A randomized controlled trial
    • Sorce LR, Hamilton SM, Gauvreau K, et al: Preventing corneal abrasions in critically ill children receiving neuromuscular blockade: A randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2009; 10:171-175
    • (2009) Pediatr Crit Care Med , vol.10 , pp. 171-175
    • Sorce, L.R.1    Hamilton, S.M.2    Gauvreau, K.3
  • 70
    • 11344252904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anaphylatic and anaphylactoid reactions occurring during anesthesia in France. Seventh epidemiologic survey (January 2001-December 2002)
    • Mertes PM, Laxenaire MC: Anaphylatic and anaphylactoid reactions occurring during anesthesia in France. Seventh epidemiologic survey (January 2001-December 2002). Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 2004; 23:1133-1143
    • (2004) Ann Fr Anesth Reanim , vol.23 , pp. 1133-1143
    • Mertes, P.M.1    Laxenaire, M.C.2
  • 72
    • 0036157636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice guidelines for sustained neuromuscular blockade in the critically ill adult
    • Murray MJ, Cowen J, Deblock H, et al: Clinical practice guidelines for sustained neuromuscular blockade in the critically ill adult. Crit Care Med 2002; 30;142-156
    • (2002) Crit Care Med , vol.30 , pp. 142-156
    • Murray, M.J.1    Cowen, J.2    Deblock, H.3
  • 73
    • 33845937772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early activity is feasible and safe in respiratory failure patients
    • Bailey P, Thomsen GE, Spuhler VJ, et al: Early activity is feasible and safe in respiratory failure patients. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:139-145
    • (2007) Crit Care Med , vol.35 , pp. 139-145
    • Bailey, P.1    Thomsen, G.E.2    Spuhler, V.J.3
  • 74
    • 41649103642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients with respiratory failure increase ambulation after transfer to an intensive care unit where early activity is a priority
    • Thomsen GE, Snow GL, Rodriguez L, et al: Patients with respiratory failure increase ambulation after transfer to an intensive care unit where early activity is a priority. Crit Care Med 2008; 36:1119-1124
    • (2008) Crit Care Med , vol.36 , pp. 1119-1124
    • Thomsen, G.E.1    Snow, G.L.2    Rodriguez, L.3
  • 75
    • 49949089652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early intensive care unit mobility therapy in the treatment of acute respiratory failure
    • Morris PE, Goad A, Thompson C, et al: Early intensive care unit mobility therapy in the treatment of acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med 2008; 36:2238-2243
    • (2008) Crit Care Med , vol.36 , pp. 2238-2243
    • Morris, P.E.1    Goad, A.2    Thompson, C.3
  • 76
    • 65849187703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early physical and occupational therapy in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: A randomised controlled trial
    • Schweickert WD, Pohlman MC, Pohlman AS, et al: Early physical and occupational therapy in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2009; 373:1874-1882
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.373 , pp. 1874-1882
    • Schweickert, W.D.1    Pohlman, M.C.2    Pohlman, A.S.3
  • 77
    • 0033861716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacoeconomic impact of rational use guidelines on the provision of analgesia, sedation, and neuromuscular blockade in critical care
    • Mascia MF, Koch M, Medicis JJ: Pharmacoeconomic impact of rational use guidelines on the provision of analgesia, sedation, and neuromuscular blockade in critical care. Crit Care Med 2000; 28:2300-2306
    • (2000) Crit Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 2300-2306
    • Mascia, M.F.1    Koch, M.2    Medicis, J.J.3
  • 78
    • 33744504895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of systemic evaluation of pain and agitation in an intensive care unit
    • Chanques G, Barbotte JS, Violet S, et al: Impact of systemic evaluation of pain and agitation in an intensive care unit. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:1691-1699
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 1691-1699
    • Chanques, G.1    Barbotte, J.S.2    Violet, S.3
  • 79
    • 19044388403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airway management of the critically ill patient: Rapid-sequence intubation
    • Reynolds S F, Heffner J: Airway management of the critically ill patient: Rapid-sequence intubation. Chest 2005; 127:1397-1412
    • (2005) Chest , vol.127 , pp. 1397-1412
    • Reynolds, S.F.1    Heffner, J.2
  • 80
    • 77951724631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid sequence induction and intubation: Current controversy
    • El-Orbany M, Connolly LA: Rapid sequence induction and intubation: Current controversy. Anesth Analg 2010; 110:1318-1325
    • (2010) Anesth Analg , vol.110 , pp. 1318-1325
    • El-Orbany, M.1    Connolly, L.A.2
  • 81
    • 0034774889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is succinylcholine appropriate or obsolete in the intensive care unit?
    • Booij LH: Is succinylcholine appropriate or obsolete in the intensive care unit? Crit Care 2001; 5:245-246
    • (2001) Crit Care , vol.5 , pp. 245-246
    • Booij, L.H.1
  • 82
    • 44949245075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rocuronium versus succinylcholine for rapid sequence induction intubation
    • Perry J, Lee J, Sillberg VA, et al: Rocuronium versus succinylcholine for rapid sequence induction intubation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; 2:CD002788
    • (2008) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.2
    • Perry, J.1    Lee, J.2    Sillberg, V.A.3
  • 83
    • 80051641092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Succinylcholine versus rocuronium for rapid sequence intubation in intensive care: A prospective, randomized trial
    • Marsch SC, Steiner L, Bucher L, et al: Succinylcholine versus rocuronium for rapid sequence intubation in intensive care: A prospective, randomized trial. Crit Care 2011; 15:R199-R208
    • (2011) Crit Care , vol.15
    • Marsch, S.C.1    Steiner, L.2    Bucher, L.3
  • 84
    • 84861494389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuromuscular blocking agent administration for emergent tracheal intubation is associated with decreased prevalence of procedure-related complications
    • Wilcox SR, Bittner EA, Elmer J, et al: Neuromuscular blocking agent administration for emergent tracheal intubation is associated with decreased prevalence of procedure-related complications. Crit Care Med 2012; 40:1808-1813
    • (2012) Crit Care Med , vol.40 , pp. 1808-1813
    • Wilcox, S.R.1    Bittner, E.A.2    Elmer, J.3
  • 85
    • 33847156932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and outcomes of acute lung injury
    • Rubenfeld GD, Herridge MS: Epidemiology and outcomes of acute lung injury. Chest 2007; 131:554-562
    • (2007) Chest , vol.131 , pp. 554-562
    • Rubenfeld, G.D.1    Herridge, M.S.2
  • 86
    • 43649105058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality rates for patients with acute lung injury/ARDS have decreased over time
    • Zambon M, Vincent JL: Mortality rates for patients with acute lung injury/ARDS have decreased over time. Chest 2008; 133:1120-1127
    • (2008) Chest , vol.133 , pp. 1120-1127
    • Zambon, M.1    Vincent, J.L.2
  • 87
    • 79951591745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When should sedation or neuromuscu-lar blockade be used during mechanical ventilation?
    • Bennett S, Hurford WE: When should sedation or neuromuscu-lar blockade be used during mechanical ventilation? Respir Care 2011; 56:168-176
    • (2011) Respir Care , vol.56 , pp. 168-176
    • Bennett, S.1    Hurford, W.E.2
  • 88
    • 0021327512 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic and gas exchange effects of pancuronium bromide in sedated patients with respiratory failure
    • Bishop MJ: Hemodynamic and gas exchange effects of pancuronium bromide in sedated patients with respiratory failure. Anesthesiology 1984; 60:369-371
    • (1984) Anesthesiology , vol.60 , pp. 369-371
    • Bishop, M.J.1
  • 89
    • 0028810180 scopus 로고
    • Paralysis has no effect on chest wall and respiratory system mechanics of mechanically ventilated, sedated patients
    • Conti G, Vilardi V, Rocco M, et al: Paralysis has no effect on chest wall and respiratory system mechanics of mechanically ventilated, sedated patients. Intensive Care Med 1995; 21:808-812
    • (1995) Intensive Care Med , vol.21 , pp. 808-812
    • Conti, G.1    Vilardi, V.2    Rocco, M.3
  • 90
    • 0031030603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxygen delivery, oxygen consumption, and gastric intramucosal pH are not improved by a computer-controlled, closed-loop, vecuronium infusion in severe sepsis and septic shock
    • Freebairn RC, Derrick J, Gomersall CD, et al: Oxygen delivery, oxygen consumption, and gastric intramucosal pH are not improved by a computer-controlled, closed-loop, vecuronium infusion in severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care Med 1997; 25:72-77
    • (1997) Crit Care Med , vol.25 , pp. 72-77
    • Freebairn, R.C.1    Derrick, J.2    Gomersall, C.D.3
  • 91
    • 1642451857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of neuromuscular blocking agents on gas exchange in patients presenting with acute respiratory distress syndrome
    • Gainnier M, Roch A, Forel JM, et al: Effect of neuromuscular blocking agents on gas exchange in patients presenting with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med 2004; 32:113-119
    • (2004) Crit Care Med , vol.32 , pp. 113-119
    • Gainnier, M.1    Roch, A.2    Forel, J.M.3
  • 92
    • 0036450787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of two depths of prolonged neuromuscular blockade induced by cisatracurium in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients
    • Lagneau F, D'honneur G, Plaud B, et al: A comparison of two depths of prolonged neuromuscular blockade induced by cisatracurium in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28:1735-1741
    • (2002) Intensive Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 1735-1741
    • Lagneau, F.1    D'Honneur, G.2    Plaud, B.3
  • 94
    • 0029916076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle weakness in mechanically ventilated patients with severe asthma
    • Leatherman JW, Fluegel WL, David WS, et al: Muscle weakness in mechanically ventilated patients with severe asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153:1686-1690
    • (1996) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.153 , pp. 1686-1690
    • Leatherman, J.W.1    Fluegel, W.L.2    David, W.S.3
  • 95
    • 0032949310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute myopathy after status asthmaticus: Steroids myorelaxants or carbon dioxide?
    • Goh AY, Chan PW: Acute myopathy after status asthmaticus: Steroids, myorelaxants or carbon dioxide? Respirology 1999; 4:97-99
    • (1999) Respirology , vol.4 , pp. 97-99
    • Goh, A.Y.1    Chan, P.W.2
  • 96
    • 0035206191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complication profles of adult asthmatics requiring paralysis during mechanical ventilation
    • Adnet F, Dhissi G, Borron SW, et al: Complication profles of adult asthmatics requiring paralysis during mechanical ventilation. Intensive Care Med 2001; 27:1729-1736
    • (2001) Intensive Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 1729-1736
    • Adnet, F.1    Dhissi, G.2    Borron, S.W.3
  • 97
    • 58549113761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe weakness complicating status asthmaticus despite minimal duration of neuromus-cular paralysis
    • Kesler SM, Sprenkle MD, David WS, et al: Severe weakness complicating status asthmaticus despite minimal duration of neuromus-cular paralysis. Intensive Care Med 2009; 35:157-160
    • (2009) Intensive Care Med , vol.35 , pp. 157-160
    • Kesler, S.M.1    Sprenkle, M.D.2    David, W.S.3
  • 98
    • 32244438219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of mechanical ventilation in acute severe asthma: Practical aspects
    • Oddo M, Feihl F, Schaller MD, et al: Management of mechanical ventilation in acute severe asthma: Practical aspects. Intensive Care Med 2006; 32:501-510
    • (2006) Intensive Care Med , vol.32 , pp. 501-510
    • Oddo, M.1    Feihl, F.2    Schaller, M.D.3
  • 99
    • 0032006952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuromuscular blocking agents in the neurosurgical intensive care unit
    • Ohlinger MJ, Rhoney DH: Neuromuscular blocking agents in the neurosurgical intensive care unit. Surg Neurol 1998; 49:217-221
    • (1998) Surg Neurol , vol.49 , pp. 217-221
    • Ohlinger, M.J.1    Rhoney, D.H.2
  • 100
    • 0028124248 scopus 로고
    • Early, routine paralysis for intracranial pressure control in severe head injury: Is it necessary?
    • Hsiang JK, Chesnut RM, Crisp CB, et al: Early, routine paralysis for intracranial pressure control in severe head injury: Is it necessary? Crit Care Med 1994; 22:1471-1476
    • (1994) Crit Care Med , vol.22 , pp. 1471-1476
    • Hsiang, J.K.1    Chesnut, R.M.2    Crisp, C.B.3
  • 101
    • 0030692029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of cisatra-curium on cerebral and cardiovascular hemodynamics in patients with severe brain injury
    • Schramm WM, Jesenko R, Bartunek A, et al: Effects of cisatra-curium on cerebral and cardiovascular hemodynamics in patients with severe brain injury. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1997; 41: 1319-1323
    • (1997) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.41 , pp. 1319-1323
    • Schramm, W.M.1    Jesenko, R.2    Bartunek, A.3
  • 102
    • 0030797179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose response, recovery, and cost of doxacurium as a continuous infusion in neu-rosurgical intensive care unit patients
    • Prielipp RC, Robinson JC, Wilson JA, et al: Dose response, recovery, and cost of doxacurium as a continuous infusion in neu-rosurgical intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Med 1997; 25: 1236-1241
    • (1997) Crit Care Med , vol.25 , pp. 1236-1241
    • Prielipp, R.C.1    Robinson, J.C.2    Wilson, J.A.3
  • 103
    • 0031975330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cerebral and cardiovascular effects of cisatracurium and atracurium in neurosurgical patients
    • Schramm WM, Papousek A, Michalek-Sauberer A, et al: The cerebral and cardiovascular effects of cisatracurium and atracurium in neurosurgical patients. Anesth Analg 1998; 86:123-127
    • (1998) Anesth Analg , vol.86 , pp. 123-127
    • Schramm, W.M.1    Papousek, A.2    Michalek-Sauberer, A.3
  • 104
    • 0032067618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of neuromuscular blockers and opiates on the cerebrovascular response to endotra-cheal suctioning in adults with severe head injuries
    • Kerr ME, Sereika SM, Orndoff P, et al: Effect of neuromuscular blockers and opiates on the cerebrovascular response to endotra-cheal suctioning in adults with severe head injuries. Am J Crit Care 1998; 7:205-217
    • (1998) Am J Crit Care , vol.7 , pp. 205-217
    • Kerr, M.E.1    Sereika, S.M.2    Orndoff, P.3
  • 105
    • 0034578259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuromuscular blocking agents in neurointensive care
    • Juul N, Morris GF, Marshall SB, et al: Neuromuscular blocking agents in neurointensive care. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2000; 76:467-470
    • (2000) Acta Neurochir Suppl , vol.76 , pp. 467-470
    • Juul, N.1    Morris, G.F.2    Marshall, S.B.3
  • 107
    • 34848899996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the management of traumatic brain injury
    • Brain Trauma Foundation, American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS), Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS), AANS/CNS Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care
    • Brain Trauma Foundation, American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS), Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS), AANS/CNS Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care: Guidelines for the management of traumatic brain injury. J Neu-rotrauma 2007; 24:S71-S76
    • (2007) J Neu-rotrauma , vol.24
  • 108
    • 43449117489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraabdominal pressure monitoring during fuid resuscitation
    • Cheatham ML: Intraabdominal pressure monitoring during fuid resuscitation. Curr Opin Crit Care 2008; 14:327-333
    • (2008) Curr Opin Crit Care , vol.14 , pp. 327-333
    • Cheatham, M.L.1
  • 109
    • 33750217742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results from the conference of experts on intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome. Part I: Defnitions
    • Malbrain ML, CheathamML, Kirkpatrick A, et al: Results from the conference of experts on intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome. Part I: Defnitions. Intensive Care Med 2006; 32:1722-1732
    • (2006) Intensive Care Med , vol.32 , pp. 1722-1732
    • Malbrain, M.L.1    Cheathamml Kirkpatrick, A.2
  • 110
    • 33847653298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results from the conference of experts on intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome. Part II: Recommendations
    • Cheatham ML, Malbrain MLNG, Kirkpatrick A, et al: Results from the conference of experts on intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome. Part II: Recommendations. Intensive Care Med 2007; 33:951-962
    • (2007) Intensive Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 951-962
    • Cheatham, M.L.1    Malbrain, M.L.N.G.2    Kirkpatrick, A.3
  • 111
    • 34249650590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of neuromuscular blockers on intraabdominal pressure
    • De Waele J, Delaet I, Hoste E, et al. The effect of neuromuscular blockers on intraabdominal pressure. Crit Care Med 2006; 34:A70
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34
    • De Waele, J.1    Delaet, I.2    Hoste, E.3
  • 112
    • 34249676711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anesthetic considerations in abdominal compartment syndrome
    • Ivatury RR, Cheatham ML, Malbrain MLNG, et al (Eds). Landes Biomedical, Georgetown
    • Mertens zur Borg IR, Verbrugge SJ, Kolkman KA: Anesthetic considerations in abdominal compartment syndrome. In: Abdominal Compartment Syndrome. Ivatury RR, Cheatham ML, Malbrain MLNG, et al (Eds). Landes Biomedical, Georgetown, 2006, pp 254-265
    • (2006) Abdominal Compartment Syndrome , pp. 254-265
    • Mertens Zur Borg, I.R.1    Verbrugge, S.J.2    Kolkman, K.A.3
  • 113
    • 41649104388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abdominal compartment syndrome: A concise clinical review
    • An G, West MA: Abdominal compartment syndrome: A concise clinical review. Crit Care Med 2008; 36:1304-1310
    • (2008) Crit Care Med , vol.36 , pp. 1304-1310
    • An, G.1    West, M.A.2
  • 114
    • 77958198023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To close or not to close? Treatment of abdominal compartment syndrome by neuromuscular blockade without laparostomy
    • Davies J, Aghahoseini A, Crawford J, et al: To close or not to close? Treatment of abdominal compartment syndrome by neuromuscular blockade without laparostomy. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2010; 92:W8-W9
    • (2010) Ann R Coll Surg Engl , vol.92
    • Davies, J.1    Aghahoseini, A.2    Crawford, J.3
  • 115
    • 84866142093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abdominal compartment syndrome: Risk factors, diagnosis, and current therapy
    • 908169
    • Luckianow GM, Ellis M, Governale D, et al: Abdominal compartment syndrome: Risk factors, diagnosis, and current therapy. Crit Care Res Pract 2012; 908169:1-8
    • (2012) Crit Care Res Pract , pp. 1-8
    • Luckianow, G.M.1    Ellis, M.2    Governale, D.3
  • 116
    • 0037148929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with induced hypothermia
    • Bernard SA, Gray TW, Buist MD, et al: Treatment of comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with induced hypothermia. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:557-563
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 557-563
    • Bernard, S.A.1    Gray, T.W.2    Buist, M.D.3
  • 117
    • 0037148926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild therapeutic hypothermia to improve the neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest
    • The Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest Study Group
    • The Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest Study Group: Mild therapeutic hypothermia to improve the neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:549-556
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , pp. 549-556
  • 118
    • 1942436346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of therapeutic hypothermia in the ICU: Opportunities and pitfalls of a promising treatment modality. Part 1: Indications and evidence
    • Polderman KH: Application of therapeutic hypothermia in the ICU: Opportunities and pitfalls of a promising treatment modality. Part 1: Indications and evidence. Intensive Care Med 2004; 30: 556-575
    • (2004) Intensive Care Med , vol.30 , pp. 556-575
    • Polderman, K.H.1
  • 119
    • 13444283301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothermia for neuroprotection after cardiac arrest: Systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis
    • Collaborative Group on Induced Hypothermia for Neuroprotection After Cardiac Arrest
    • Holzer M, Bernard SA, Hachimi-Idrissi S, et al; Collaborative Group on Induced Hypothermia for Neuroprotection After Cardiac Arrest: Hypothermia for neuroprotection after cardiac arrest: Systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. Crit Care Med 2005; 33:414-418
    • (2005) Crit Care Med , vol.33 , pp. 414-418
    • Holzer, M.1    Bernard, S.A.2    Hachimi-Idrissi, S.3
  • 120
    • 33748661306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothermia for brain protection and resuscitation
    • Ramani R: Hypothermia for brain protection and resuscitation. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2006; 19:487-491
    • (2006) Curr Opin Anaesthesiol , vol.19 , pp. 487-491
    • Ramani, R.1
  • 122
    • 33747600905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic hypothermia for brain injury after cardiac arrest
    • Rincon F, Mayer SA: Therapeutic hypothermia for brain injury after cardiac arrest. Semin Neurol 2006; 26:387-395
    • (2006) Semin Neurol , vol.26 , pp. 387-395
    • Rincon, F.1    Mayer, S.A.2
  • 123
    • 33749339776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the use of hypothermia after cardiac arrest
    • Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians
    • Howes D, Green R, Gray S, et al; Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians: Evidence for the use of hypothermia after cardiac arrest. CJEM 2006; 8:109-115
    • (2006) CJEM , vol.8 , pp. 109-115
    • Howes, D.1    Green, R.2    Gray, S.3
  • 124
    • 33750243041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review of randomized controlled trials of therapeutic hypothermia as a neuroprotec-tant in post cardiac arrest patients
    • Cheung KW, Green RS, Magee KD: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials of therapeutic hypothermia as a neuroprotec-tant in post cardiac arrest patients. CJEM 2006; 8:329-337
    • (2006) CJEM , vol.8 , pp. 329-337
    • Cheung, K.W.1    Green, R.S.2    Magee, K.D.3
  • 125
    • 56049093430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest and myocardial infarction
    • Holzer M, Behringer W: Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest and myocardial infarction. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2008; 22:711-728
    • (2008) Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol , vol.22 , pp. 711-728
    • Holzer, M.1    Behringer, W.2
  • 126
    • 61949276367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral resuscitation after car-diocirculatory arrest
    • Schneider A, Böttiger BW, Popp E: Cerebral resuscitation after car-diocirculatory arrest. Anesth Analg 2009; 108:971-979
    • (2009) Anesth Analg , vol.108 , pp. 971-979
    • Schneider, A.1    Böttiger, B.W.2    Popp, E.3
  • 127
    • 77951764195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anesthesia and analgesia protocol during therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest: A systematic review
    • Chamorro C, Borrallo JM, Romera MA, et al: Anesthesia and analgesia protocol during therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest: A systematic review. Anesth Analg 2010; 110:1328-1335
    • (2010) Anesth Analg , vol.110 , pp. 1328-1335
    • Chamorro, C.1    Borrallo, J.M.2    Romera, M.A.3
  • 128
    • 33646783612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of hypothermia on the response to neu-romuscular blocking drugs
    • Heier T, Caldwell JE: Impact of hypothermia on the response to neu-romuscular blocking drugs. Anesthesiology 2006; 104:1070-1080
    • (2006) Anesthesiology , vol.104 , pp. 1070-1080
    • Heier, T.1    Caldwell, J.E.2
  • 129
    • 0028380371 scopus 로고
    • Applied pharmacology of common neu-romuscular blocking agents in critical care
    • Prielipp RC, Coursin DB: Applied pharmacology of common neu-romuscular blocking agents in critical care. New Horiz 1994; 2:34-47
    • (1994) New Horiz , vol.2 , pp. 34-47
    • Prielipp, R.C.1    Coursin, D.B.2
  • 130
    • 0033033927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myopathy following mechanical ventilation for severe acute asthma: The role of muscle relaxants and corticosteroids
    • Behbehani NA, Al-Mane F, D'yachkova Y, et al: Myopathy following mechanical ventilation for severe acute asthma: The role of muscle relaxants and corticosteroids. Chest 1999; 115:1627-1631
    • (1999) Chest , vol.115 , pp. 1627-1631
    • Behbehani, N.A.1    Al-Mane, F.2    D'Yachkova, Y.3
  • 131
    • 0026700224 scopus 로고
    • Acute myopathy during treatment of status asthmaticus with corticosteroids and steroidal muscle relaxants
    • Griffn D, Fairman N, Coursin D, et al: Acute myopathy during treatment of status asthmaticus with corticosteroids and steroidal muscle relaxants. Chest 1992; 102:510-514
    • (1992) Chest , vol.102 , pp. 510-514
    • Griffn, D.1    Fairman, N.2    Coursin, D.3
  • 132
    • 74949085895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the evolving management of intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome improving survival?
    • Cheatham ML, Safcsak K: Is the evolving management of intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome improving survival? Crit Care Med 2010; 38:402-407
    • (2010) Crit Care Med , vol.38 , pp. 402-407
    • Cheatham, M.L.1    Safcsak, K.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.