Current therapeutic uses, pharmacology, and clinical considerations of neuromuscular blocking agents for critically ill adults;Usos Terapéuticos Actuales, Farmacología y Consideraciones Clínicas de los Agentes Bloqueadores Neuromusculares en Adultos Gravemente Enfermos

Annals of Pharmacotherapy

Volumn 45, Issue 9, 2011, Pages 1116-1126

  Warr, Julia ^a   Thiboutot, Zoé ^b   Rose, Louise ^c,d   Mehta, Sangeeta ^c   Burry, Lisa D ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO   (Canada)

^b CENTRE HOSPITALIER DE L UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^d ST MICHAEL'S HOSPITAL   (Canada)

^e MOUNT SINAI HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

Chemical paralysis; Critical care; Intensive care; Mechanical ventilation; Neuromuscular blockade

Indexed keywords

ATRACURIUM; CISATRACURIUM; DOXACURIUM; NEOSTIGMINE; NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING AGENT; PANCURONIUM; PYRIDOSTIGMINE; ROCURONIUM; SUGAMMADEX; VECURONIUM;

ACUTE LUNG INJURY; ADULT; ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME; ASTHMATIC STATE; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); CONTINUOUS INFUSION; CRITICALLY ILL PATIENT; DRUG CHOICE; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG INDICATION; DRUG USE; HUMAN; INDUCED HYPOTHERMIA; INTENSIVE CARE; INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION; NERVE STIMULATION; NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING; NONHUMAN; PATIENT SAFETY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SHIVERING; SINGLE DRUG DOSE; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TETANUS; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY;

ADULT; CRITICAL ILLNESS; DRUG INTERACTIONS; DRUG MONITORING; HUMANS; INTENSIVE CARE; INTENSIVE CARE UNITS; NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING AGENTS; RESPIRATION, ARTIFICIAL;

EID: 80052491328     PISSN: 10600280     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1345/aph.1Q004     Document Type: Review

References (60)

1. Arroliga A, Frutos-Vivar F, Hall J, et al. Use of sedatives and neuromuscular blockers in a cohort of patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Chest 2005;128:496-506.
2. Murray MJ, Cowen J, DeBlock H, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for sustained neuromuscular blockade in the adult critically ill patient. Crit Care Med 2002;30:142-56.
3. Vender JS, Szokol JW, Murphy GS, Nitsun M. Sedation, analgesia, and neuromuscular blockade in sepsis: an evidence-based review. Crit Care Med 2004;32:S554-61.
4. The Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest Study Group. Mild therapeutic hypothermia to improve the neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 2002;346:549-56.
5. Bernard SA, Gray TW, Buist MD, et al. Treatment of comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with induced hypothermia. N Engl J Med 2002;346:557-63.
6. Raoof S, Goulet K, Esan A, et al. Severe hypoxemic respiratory failure. Part 2-nonventilatory strategies. Chest 2010;137:1437-48.
7. The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1301-8.
8. Arroliga AC, Thompson BT, Ancukiewicz M, et al. Use of sedatives, opioids, and neuromuscular blocking agents in patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med 2008;36: 1083-8.
9. Meade MO, Cook DJ, Guyatt GH, et al. Ventilation strategy using low tidal volumes, recruitment maneuvers, and high positive end-expiratory pressure for acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2008;299:637-45.
10. Mercat A, Richard JC, Vielle B, et al. Positive end-expiratory pressure setting in adults with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized-controlled trial. JAMA 2008;229:646-55.
11. Sessler CN. Sedation, analgesia and neuromuscular blockade for high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. Crit Care Med 2005;33:S209-16.
12. Mehta S, MacDonald RJ, Bowman D, et al. High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) in adults: the Toronto experience. Chest 2004;126: 518-27.
13. Taccone P, Pesenti A, Latini R, et al. Prone positioning in patients with moderate and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2009;302:1977-84.
14. Kumar A, Zarychanski R, Pinto R. Critically ill patients with 2009 in-fluenza A (H1N1) infection in Canada. JAMA 2009;302:1872-9.
15. Papazian L, Forel JM, Gacouin A, et al. Neuromuscular blockers in early acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2010;363:1107-16.
16. Bishop MJ. Hemodynamic and gas exchange effects of pancuronium bromide in sedated patients with respiratory failure. Anesthesiology 1984;60:369-71.
17. Conti G, Vilardi V, Rocco M, et al. Paralysis has no effect on chest wall and respiratory system mechanics of mechanically ventilated, sedated patients. Intensive Care Med 1995;21:808-12.
18. Lagneau F, D'Honneur G, Plaud B, et al. A comparison of two depths of prolonged neuromuscular blockade induced by cisatracurium in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 2002;28:1735-41.
19. Gainnier M, Roch A, Forel JM, et al. Effect of neuromuscular blocking agents on gas exchange in patients presenting with ARDS. Crit Care Med 2004;32:113-9.
20. Forel JM, Roch A, Marin V, et al. Neuromuscular blocking agents decrease inflammatory response in patients presenting with ARDS. Crit Care Med 2006;34:2749-57.
21. Leatherman JW, Fluegel WL, David WS, et al. Muscle weakness in mechanically ventilated patients with severe asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;153:1686-90.
22. Behbehani NA, Al-Mane F, D'yachkova Y, et al. Myopathy following mechanical ventilation for severe acute asthma: the role of muscle relaxants and corticosteroids. Chest 1999;115:1627-31.
23. Adnet F, Dhissi G, Borron SW, et al. Complication profiles of adult asthmatics requiring paralysis during mechanical ventilation. Intensive Care Med 2001;27:1729-36.
24. Kesler SM, Sprenkle MD, David WS. Severe weakness complicating status asthmaticus despite minimal duration of neuromuscular paralysis. Intensive Care Med 2009;35:157-60.
25. Hsiang JK, Chestnut RM, Crisp CB, et al. Early, routine paralysis for in-tracranial pressure control in severe head injury: is it necessary? Crit Care Med 1994;22:1471-6.
26. Schramm WM, Jesenko R, Bartunek A, et al. Effects of cisatracurium on cerebral and cardiovascular hemodynamics in patients with severe brain injury. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1997;41:1319-23
27. Prielipp RC, Robinson JC, Wilson JA, et al. Dose response, recovery and cost of doxacurium as a continuous infusion in neurosurgical intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Med 1997;25:1236-41.
28. Schramm WM, Papousek A, Michalek-Sauberer A, et al. The cerebral and cardiovascular effects of cisatracurium and atracurium in neurosurgical patients. Anesth Analg 1998;86:123-7.
29. Kerr ME, Sereika SM, Orndoff P, et al. Effect of neuromuscular blockers =and opiates on the cerebrovascular response to endotracheal suctioning in adults with severe head injuries. Am J Crit Care 1998;7:205-17.
30. Juul N, Morris GF, Marshall SB, et al. Neuromuscular blocking agents in neurointensive care. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2000;76:467-70.
31. Brunton LL, Lazo JS, Parker KL. Agents acting at the neuromuscular junction and autonomic ganglia. In: Shanahan JF, Foltin J, Edmonson K, Brown RY, eds. Goodman & Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 11th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2007: 217-36.
32. Irwin R, Rippe J. Therapeutic paralysis. In: Irwin RS, Rippe JM, eds. Irwin and Rippe's intensive care medicine. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lip-pincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008:224-30.
33. McManus MC. Neuromuscular blockers in surgery and intensive care, part 2. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2001;58:2381-95.
34. El-Orbany M, Connolly LA. Rapid sequence induction and intubation: current controversy. Anesth Analg 2010;110:1318-25.
35. Brunton LL, Goodman LS, Blumenthal D, Buxton I. Sequence and characteristics of paralysis. In: Goodman and Gilman's manual of pharmacology and therapeutics. 11th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2007:136.
36. Catineau JP, Porte F, d'Honneur G, Duvaldestin P. Neuromuscular effects of rocuronium on the diaphragm and adductor pollicis muscles in anaesthetized patients. Anesthesiology 1994;81:585-90.
37. Forel JM, Roch A, Papazian L. Paralytics in critical care: not always the bad guy. Curr Opin Crit Care 2009;15:59-66.
38. Papiris SA, Manali ED, Kolilekas L, et al. Acute severe asthma: new approaches to assessment and treatment. Drugs 2009;69:2363-91.
39. Rangel-Castillo L, Gopinath S, Robertson CS. Management of intracranial hypertension. Neurol Clin 2008;26:521-41.
40. Brain Trauma Foundation, American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS), Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS), AANS/CNS Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care. Guidelines for the management of traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2007;24:(suppl 1):S71-6.
41. McClelland M, Woster P, Sweasey T, el al. Continuous midazolam-atracurium infusions for the management of increased intracranial pressure. J Neurosci Nurs 1995;27:96-101.
42. Nolan JP, Morley PT, Vanden Hoek TL, et al. International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest: an advisory statement by the advanced life support task force of the Interna-tional Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Circulation 2003;108:118-21.
43. Soreide E, Sunke K. Therapeutic hypothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: how to secure worldwide implementation. Curr Opin Anaes-thesiol 2008;21:209-15.
44. Nolan JP, Neumar RW, Adrie C, et al. Post-cardiac arrest syndrome: epidemiology, pathophysiology, treatment and prognostication. A Scientific Statement from the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Resuscitation 2008;79:350-79.
45. Chamorro C, Borrallo JM, Romera MA. Anesthesia and analgesia protocol during therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest: a systematic review. Anesth Analg 2010;110:1328-35.
46. Tortorici MA, Kochanek PM, Poloyac SM. Effects of hypothermia on drug disposition, metabolism and response: a focus of hypothermia-mediated alterations on the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. Crit Care Med 2007;35:2196-204.
47. Arpino PA, Greer DM. Practical pharmacologic aspects of therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest. Pharmacotherapy 2008;28:102-11.
48. Van den Broeck MPH, Groenendaal F, Egberts ACG, et al. Effects of hypothermia on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. A systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies. Clin Pharmacokinet 2010;49: 277-94.
49. Heier T, Caldwell JE. Impact of hypothermia on the response to neuromuscular blocking drugs. Anesthesiology 2006;104:1070-80.
50. Tatro DS. Non-depolarizing muscle relaxants. In: Drug interaction facts. St. Louis, MO: Wolters Kluwer, 2010:1231-53.
51. Prielipp RC, Coursin DB. Applied pharmacology of common neuromuscular blocking agents in critical care. New Horiz 1994;2:34-47.
52. Nagler J, Krauss B. Capnographic monitoring in respiratory emergencies. Clin Pediatr Emerg Med 2009;10:82-9.
53. Loyola R, Dreher M. Management of pharmacologically induced neuromuscular blockade using peripheral nerve stimulation. Dimens Crit Care Nurs 2003;22:157-64.
54. Rudis MI, Sikora CA, Angus E, et al. A prospective, randomized controlled evaluation of peripheral nerve stimulation versus standard clinical dosing of neuromuscular blocking agents in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 1997;25:575-93.
55. Strange C, Vaughan L, Franklin C, et al. Comparison of train-of-four and best clinical assessment during continuous paralysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;156:1556-61.
56. Baumann MH, McAlpin W, Brown K, et al. A prospective randomized comparison of train-of-four monitoring and clinical assessment during continuous ICU cisatracurium paralysis. Chest 2004;126:1267-73.
57. Sorce LR. Adverse responses: sedation, analgesia and neuromuscular blocking agents in critically ill children. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am 2005;17:441-50.
58. Griffiths RD, Hall JB. Intensive care unit-acquired weakness. Crit Care Med 2010;38:779-87.
59. Srivastava A, Hunter JM. Reversal of neuromuscular block. Br J Anaesth 2009;103:115-29.
60. Caldwell JE. Clinical limitations of acetylcholinesterase antagonists.J Crit Care 2009;24:21-8.