Universal statistics of parasitic shunt formation in solar cells, and its implications for cell to module efficiency gap

Energy and Environmental Science

Volumn 6, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 782-787

  Dongaonkar, Sourabh ^a   Loser, Stephen ^b   Sheets, Erik J ^a   Zaunbrecher, Katherine ^c   Agrawal, Rakesh ^a   Marks, Tobin J ^b   Alam, Muhammad A ^a  

^a PURDUE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMORPHOUS SILICON (A-SI:H); CDTE; HEAVY-TAILED DISTRIBUTION; LOG-NORMAL; MODULE EFFICIENCY; PHOTOVOLTAIC; PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGY; SHUNT CURRENT;

CIRCUIT SIMULATION;

EFFICIENCY;

DATA SET; FUEL CELL; PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM; RENEWABLE RESOURCE; SILICON; SOLAR POWER; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 84875837625     PISSN: 17545692     EISSN: 17545706     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1039/c3ee24167j     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. C. A. Wolden J. Kurtin J. B. Baxter I. Repins S. E. Shaheen J. T. Torvik A. A. Rockett V. M. Fthenakis E. S. Aydil Photovoltaic manufacturing: present status, future prospects, and research needs J. Vac. Sci. Technol., A 2011 29 030801
2. D. Levitan, The Solar Efficiency Gap-IEEE Spectrum, IEEE Spectrum, 2012, http://spectrum.ieee.org/green-tech/solar/the-solar-efficiency-gap#.T-3Z09TXkyM. mendeley, accessed 11 July 2012
3. First Solar FS Series 3 PV Module Datasheet, http://www.firstsolar.com/ Company-Documentation, accessed 08 January 2013
4. Solar Frontier SF140-160-S module series, http://www.solar-frontier.com/ eng/products/modules/S002210.html, accessed 08 January 2013
5. Yingli Solar YGE 60 Series, http://www.yinglisolar.com/en/products/ multicrystalline/yge-60-cell-series/, accessed 08 January 2013
6. Moserbaer Solar, Power Series QS: Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Modules, http://www.moserbaersolar.com/resources/thinfilms-english QS-latest.pdf, accessed 08 January 2013
7. M. Gloeckler J. R. Sites W. K. Metzger Grain-boundary recombination in Cu(In, Ga)Se[sub 2] solar cells J. Appl. Phys. 2005 98 11 113704
8. M. D. Irwin J. Liu B. J. Leever J. D. Servaites M. C. Hersam M. F. Durstock T. J. Marks Consequences of anode interfacial layer selection. HCl-treated ITO in P3HT: PCBM-based bulk-heterojunction organic photovoltaic devices Langmuir 2009 26 4 2584 2591
9. S. Dongaonkar J. D. Servaites G. M. Ford S. Loser J. Moore R. M. Gelfand H. Mohseni H. W. Hillhouse R. Agrawal M. A. Ratner T. J. Marks M. S. Lundstrom M. A. Alam Universality of non-Ohmic shunt leakage in thin-film solar cells J. Appl. Phys. 2010 108 12 124509
10. K. R. Lord II, M. R. Walters and J. R. Woodyard, Investigation of Shunt Resistances in Single-Junction a-Si:H Alloy Solar Cells, in Amorphous Silicon Technology, Material Research Society Symposium, 1994, pp. 729-34
11. S. Dongaonkar K. Y. D. Wang M. Frei S. Mahapatra M. A. Alam On the nature of shunt leakage in amorphous silicon p-i-n solar cells IEEE Electron Device Lett. 2010 31 11 1266 1268
12. M. D. Irwin D. B. Buchholz A. W. Hains R. P. H. Chang T. J. Marks p-Type semiconducting nickel oxide as an efficiency-enhancing anode interfacial layer in polymer bulk-heterojunction solar cells Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2008 105 8 2783 2787
13. Q. Guo G. M. Ford H. W. Hillhouse R. Agrawal Sulfide nanocrystal inks for dense Cu(In1-xGa(x))(S1-ySe(y))2 absorber films and their photovoltaic performance Nano Lett. 2009 9 8 3060 3065
14. Y. Y. Proskuryakov K. Durose J. D. Major M. K. Al Turkestani V. Barrioz S. J. C. Irvine E. W. Jones Doping levels, trap density of states and the performance of co-doped CdTe(As, Cl) photovoltaic devices Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2009 93 9 1572 1581
15. M. A. Green K. Emery Y. Hishikawa W. Warta E. D. Dunlop Solar cell efficiency tables (version 40) Prog. Photovoltaics 2012 20 5 606 614
16. S. M. Sze and K. K. Ng, Physics of semiconductor devices, Hoboken, N.J., Wiley-Interscience, 2007
17. A. Rose Space-charge-limited currents in solids Phys. Rev. 1955 97 6 1538 1544
18. S. Dongaonkar and M. A. Alam, PV Analyzer, Mar 2011, http://nanohub.org/ resources/11073
19. R. McGill, J. W. Tukey and W. A. Larsen, Variations of Box Plots, The American Statistician, 1978, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 12-16
20. F. J. Massey Jr The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for goodness of fit J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 1951 46 253 68 78
21. A. Clauset C. R. Shalizi M. E. J. Newman Power-law distributions in empirical data SIAM Rev. 2009 51 4 661
22. Synopsys HSPICE, http://www.synopsys.com/Tools/Verification/ AMSVerification/CircuitSimulation/HSPICE/Pages/default.aspx, accessed 08 January 2013
23. S. Dongaonkar and M. A. Alam, End-to-End Modeling for Variability and Reliability Analysis of Thin Film PV, in 2012 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS 2012), 2012, pp. 4A.4.1-4A.4.6
24. G. B. Alers J. Zhou C. Deline P. Hacke S. R. Kurtz Degradation of individual cells in a module measured with differential IV analysis Prog. Photovoltaics 2010 19 8 977 982
25. C. V. Thompson Grain growth in thin films Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 1990 20 1 245 268
26. K. Ottoson, The role of i-ZnO for shunt prevention in Cu(In, Ga)Se2-based solar cells, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, 2006
27. O. Breitenstein J. Bauer J. P. Rakotoniaina Material-induced shunts in multicrystalline silicon solar cells Semiconductors 2007 41 4 440 443
28. J. Bauer O. Breitenstein J.-P. Rakotoniaina Electronic activity of SiC precipitates in multicrystalline solar silicon Phys. Status Solidi A 2007 204 7 2190 2195