Models for noble gases in mantle geochemistry: Some observations and alternatives

Special Paper of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 388, Issue , 2005, Pages 347-363

  Meibom, Anders ^a   Sleep, Norman H ^a   Zahnle, Kevin ^b   Anderson, Don L ^c  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b NASA AMES RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

^c CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Mantle geochemistry; Noble gases; Plumes; Reservoirs; SUMA

Indexed keywords

BASALT; GEOCHEMISTRY; ISOTOPES; MELTING; OLIVINE; PETROLEUM RESERVOIRS; SILICATE MINERALS;

DEEP MANTLE COMPONENT; DIFFERENT DISTRIBUTIONS; MANTLE GEOCHEMISTRIES; MID OCEAN RIDGE BASALTS; NOBLE GAS ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; PLUMES; POTENTIAL TEMPERATURE; SUMA;

INERT GASES;

CORRELATION; GEOCHEMISTRY; HETEROGENEITY; ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; MANTLE PLUME; MID-OCEAN RIDGE; NOBLE GAS; NUMERICAL MODEL; OBSERVATIONAL METHOD; P-T CONDITIONS; RESERVOIR; TEMPORAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 84874999672     PISSN: 00721077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1130/0-8137-2388-4.347     Document Type: Article

References (140)

1. Albarède, F., 1998, Time-dependent models of U-Th-He and K-Ar evolution and the layering of mantle convection: Chemical Geology v. 145, p. 413-429, doi: 10.1016/S0009-2541(97)00152-6 (Pubitemid 28426470)
2. 4 He and solar Ne in OIB: Should we wonder?: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, p. A552.
3. Albarède, F., and van der Hilst, R.D., 2002, Zoned mantle convection: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (Ser. A): Mathematical and Physical Sciences, v. 360, p. 2569-2592.
4. Allègre, C.J., 2002, The evolution of mantle mixing: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (Ser. A): Mathematical and Physical Sciences, v. 360, p. 2411-2431.
5. Allègre, C.J., and Turcotte, D.L., 1985, Geodynamic mixing in the mesosphere boundary layer and the origin of oceanic islands: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 12, p. 207-210
6. Allègre, C.J., and Turcotte, D.L., 1986, Implications of a two-component marble-cake mantle: Nature, v. 323, p. 123-127, doi: 10.1038/323123a0
7. Allègre, C.J., Staudacher, T., and Sarda, P., 1987, Rare gas systematics: Formation of the atmosphere, evolution and structure of the Earth's mantle: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 81, p. 127-150, doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(87)90151-8.
8. Allègre, C.J., Hofmann, A., and O'Nions, K., 1996, The Argon constraints on mantle structure: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 23, p. 3555-3557, doi: 10.1029/96GL03373.
9. Anderson, D.L., 1989, Theory of the Earth: Boston, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 366 p
10. Anderson, D.L., 1998a, The helium paradoxes: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 95, p. 4822-4827, doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.9.4822. (Pubitemid 28208509)
11. Anderson, D.L., 1998b, A model to explain the various paradoxes associated with mantle noble gas geochemistry: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 95, p. 9087-9092, doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.16.9087 (Pubitemid 28506189)
12. Anderson, D.L., 2000a, The statistics and distribution of helium in the mantle: International Geology Review, v. 42, p. 289-311
13. Anderson, D.L., 2000b, The statistics of helium isotopes along the global spreading ridge system and the central limit theorem: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 27, p. 2401-2404, doi: 10.1029/1999GL008476.
14. Anderson, D.L., 2001, A statistical test of the two reservoir model for helium isotopes: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 193, p. 77-82, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00507-6
15. Anderson, D.L., 2002, The case for irreversible chemical stratification of the mantle: International Geology Review, v. 44, p. 97-116
16. Ballentine, C.J., and Burnard, P.G., 2002, Production, release and transport of noble gases in the continental crust, in Porcell, D., et al., eds., Noble gases in geochemistry and cosmochemistry: Reviews in mineralogy and geochemistry: Washington, D.C. Geochemical Society and Mineralogical Society of America, p. 481-538.
17. Ballentine, C.J., van Keken, P.E., Porcelli, D., and Hauri, E.H., 2002, Numerical models, geochemistry and the zero-paradox noble-gas mantle: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (Ser. A): Mathematical and Physical Sciences, v. 360, p. 2611-2631.
18. Batiza, R., 1984, Inverse relationship between Sr isotope diversity and rate of oceanic volcanism has implications for mantle heterogeneity: Nature, v. 309, p. 440-441, doi: 10.1038/309440a0.
19. Becker, T.W., Kellogg, J.B., and O'Connell, R.J., 1999, Thermal constraints on the survival of primitive blobs in the lower mantle: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 171, p. 351-365, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00160- 0
20. Blichert-Toft, J., Weis, D., Maerschalk, C., Agranier, A.,and Albarède, F., 2003, Hawaiian hot spot dynamics as inferred from the Hf and Pb isotope evolution of Mauna Kea volcano: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 4, p. 8704, \doi: 10.1029/2002GC000340
21. Bottinga, Y., and Javoy, M., 1990, MORB degassing: Bubble growth and ascent: Chemical Geology, v. 81, p. 255-270, doi: 10.1016/0009-2541(90)90050-H
22. Bracewell, R.N., 2000, The Fourier transform and its applications: New York, McGraw-Hill, 616 p.
23. Breddam, K., 2002, Kistufell: Primitive melt from the Iceland mantle plume: Journal of Petrology, v. 43, p. 345-373, doi: 10.1093/petrology/43.2.345
24. Breddam, K., Kurz, M.D., and Storey, M., 2000, Mapping out the conduit of (Pubitemid 30199796)
25. Brooker, R.A., Du, Z., Blundy, J.D., Kelley, S.P., Allan, N.L., Wood, B.J., Chamorro, E.M., Wartho, J.A., and Purton, J.A., 2003a, The "zero charge" partitioning behaviour of noble gases during mantle melting: Nature, v. 423, p. 738-741, doi: 10.1038/nature01708. (Pubitemid 36735694)
26. Brooker, R.A., Heber, V., Kelley, S.P., and Wood, B.J., 2003b, Noble gas partitioning behaviour during mantle melting: A possible explanation for "the He paradox"?: Eos (Transactions, American Geophysical Union), Fall Meeting Supplement, v. 84, Abstract V31F-03, p. F1554.
27. Brooker, R.A., Heber, V.S., Kelly, S.P., and Wood, B.J., 2004, Noble gas partitioning during mantle melting: Possible retention of He and Ar relative to U, Th, and K: Lithos, v. 73, p. S15.
28. Burnard, P.G., Graham, D.W., and Farley, K.A., 2002, Mechanisms of magamatic loss along the Southeast Indian Ridge and the Amsterdam-St. Paul Plateau: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 203, p. 131-148, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00828-2.
29. Burnard, P., Graham, D., and Farley, K., 2005, Fractionation of noble gases (He, Ar) during MORB mantle melting: A case study on the Southeast Indian Ridge: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.227, p. 457-472.
30. Butler, R., Sinton, J.M., Mahoney, J.J., and Smaglik, S.M., 1993, Spectral analysis of volcanic glass compositions from the East Pacific Rise Axis, 13°-23°S: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 98, p. 11,851-11,864.
31. Christiansen, R.L., Foulger, G.R., and Evans, J.R., 2002, Upper-mantle origin of the Yellowstone hotspot: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 114, p. 1245-1256, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<1245:UMOOTY>2.0.CO;2..
32. Coltice, N., and Ricard, Y., 1999, Geochemical observations and one layer mantle convection: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 174, p. 125-137, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00258-7.
33. Coltice, N., and Ricard, Y., 2002, On the origin of noble gases in mantle plumes: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (Ser. A): Mathematical and Physical Sciences, v. 360, p. 2633-2648.
34. Dauphas, N., 2003, The dual origin of the terrestrial atmosphere: Icarus, v. 165, p. 326-339, doi: 10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00198-2. (Pubitemid 37260930)
35. Davies, G.F., 2002, Stirring geochemistry in mantle convection models with stiff plates and slabs: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 66, p. 3125-3142, doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00915-8.
36. DePaolo, D.J., 2004, He-3 and other isotopes in the lower mantle: The HSDP perspective: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, p. A556.
37. DePaolo, D.J., Bryce, J.G., Dodson, A., Shuster, D.L., and Kennedy, B.M., 2001, Isotopic evolution of Mauna Loa and the chemical structure of the Hawaiian plume: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 2, doi:10.1029/ 2000GC000139.
38. Dixon, J.E., Stolper, E.M., and Holloway, J.R., 1995, An experimental study of water and carbon dioxide solubilities in mid-ocean ridge basaltic liquids, 1: Calibration and solubility models: Journal of Petrology, v. 36, p. 1607-1631.
39. Dixon, E.T., Honda, M., McDougall, I., Campbell, I.A., and Sigurdsson, I., 2000, Preservation of near-solar neon isotopic ratios in Icelandic basalts: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 180, p. 309-324, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00164-3. (Pubitemid 30664554)
40. Eiler, J.M., Farley, K.A., Valley, J.W., Hofmann, A.W., and Stolper, E.M., 1996, Oxygen isotope constraints on the sources of Hawaiian volcanism: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 144, p. 453-468, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(96)00170-7.
41. Eiler, J.M., Farley, K.A., and Stolper, E.M., 1998, Correlated helium and lead isotope variations in Hawaiian lavas: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 62, p. 1977-1984, doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(98)00113-6.
42. Eiler, J.M., Schiano, P., Kitchen, N., and Stolper, E.M., 2000, Oxygen-isotope evidence for recycled crust in the sources of mid-ocean-ridge basalts: Nature, v. 403, p. 530-534, doi: 10.1038/35000553.
43. Eisele, J., Abouchami, W., Galer, S.J.G., and Hofmann, A.W., 2003, The 320 kyr Pb isotope evolution of Mauna Kea lavas in the HSDP-2 drill core: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 4, doi:10.1029/2002GC000339.
44. Farley, K.A., and Neroda, E., 1998, Noble gases in the Earth's mantle: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 26, p. 189-218, doi: 10.1146/annurev.earth.26.1.189.
45. Farley, K.A., Natland, J.H., and Craig, H., 1992, Binary mixing of enriched and undegassed (primitive?) mantle components (He, Sr, Nd, Pb) in Samoan lavas: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 111, p. 183-199, doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(92)90178-X.
46. Farley, K.A., Basu, A.R., and Craig, H., 1993, He, Sr and Nd isotopic variations in lavas from the Juan Fernandez Archipelago: SE Pacific: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology v. 115, p. 75-87, doi: 10.1007/BF00712980.
47. Ferrachat, S., and Ricard, Y., 2001, Mixing properties in the Earth's mantle: Effects of the viscosity stratification and of oceanic crust segregation: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 2, doi:10.1029/ 2000GC000092.
48. Fitton, J.G., and Dunlop, H.M., 1985, The Cameroon line, West Africa, and its bearing on the origin of oceanic and continental alkali basalt: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 72, p. 23-38, doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(85)90114-1.
49. Fornari, D.J., Perfit, M.R., Allan, J.F., and Batiza, R., 1988, Small-scale heterogeneities in depleted mantle sources: Near-ridge seamount lava geochemistry and implications for mid-ocean ridge magmatic processes: Nature, v. 331, p. 511-513, doi: 10.1038/331511a0.
50. Foulger, G.R., Pritchard, M.J., Julian, B.R., Evans, J.R., Allen, R.M., Nolet, G., Morgan, W.J., Bergsson, B.H., Erlendsson, P., Jakobsdottir, S., Ragnarsson, S., Stefansson, R., and Vogfjörd, K., 2001, Seismic tomography shows that upwelling beneath Iceland is confined to the upper mantle: Geophysical Journal International, v. 146, p. 504-530.
51. Foulger, G.R., and Pearson, D.G., 2001, Is Iceland underlain by a plume in the lower mantle? Seismology and helium isotopes: Geophysical Journal International, v. 145, p. F1-F5, doi: 10.1046/j.0956-540x.2001.01457.x.360 A.
52. Meibom et al. on December 12, 2009 special papers.gsapubs.org Downloaded from Frey, F.A., Clague, D., Mahoney, J.J., and Sinton, J.M., 2000, Volcanism at the edge of the Hawaiian plume: Petrogenesis of submarine alkalic lavas from the North Arch Volcanic Field: Journal of Petrology, v. 41, p. 667-691, doi: 10.1093/petrology/41.5.667.
53. Graham, D., Lupton, J., Albarède, F., and Condomines, M., 1990, A 360 000 year helium isotope record from Piton de la Fournaise, Réunion Island: Nature, v. 347, p. 545-548, doi: 10.1038/347545a0.
54. Graham, D.W., 2002, Noble gas isotope geochemistry of mid-ocean ridge and ocean island basalts: Characterization of mantle source reservoirs, in Porcelli, D., et al., eds., Noble gases in geochemistry and cosmochemistry: Reviews in mineralogy and geochemistry: Washington, D.C., Geochemical Society and Mineralogical Society of America, p. 247-315.
55. Graham, D.W., Christie, D.M., Sharp, K.S., and Lupton, L.E., 1993, Mantle plume helium in submarine basalts from the Galápagos platform: Science, v. 262, p. 2023-2026.
56. Graham, D.W., Castillo, P.R., Lupton, J.E., and Batiza, R., 1996, Correlated He and Sr isotope ratios in South Atlantic near-ridge seamounts and implications for mantle dynamics: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 144, p. 491-503, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(96)00172-0.
57. Graham, D.W., Lupton, J.E., Spera, F.J., and Christie, D.M., 2001, Uppermantle dynamics revealed by helium isotope variations along the southeast Indian Ridge: Nature, v. 409, p. 701-703, doi: 10.1038/35055529. (Pubitemid 32146182)
58. Grand, S.P., 1994, Mantle shear structure beneath the Americas and surrounding oceans: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 99, p. 11,591-11,621, doi: 10.1029/94JB00042.
59. Hanan, B.B., and Graham, D.W., 1996, Lead and helium isotope evidence from oceanic basalts for a common deep source of mantle plumes: Science, v. 272, p. 991-995.
60. Hanyu, T., Clague, D., Kaneoka, I., Dunai, T.J., and Davies, G.R., 2005, Noble gas systematics of submarine alkalic lavas in the Hawaiian hotspot: Chemical Geology, v. 214, 135-155.
61. 4 He signatures in Icelandic lavas: Insights from melt inclusion studies: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, p. A579.
62. Harper, C.L., and Jacobsen, S.B., 1996, Noble gases and Earth's accretion: Science, v. 273, p. 1814-1818.
63. Hart, S.R., 1984, A large-scale isotope anomaly in the Southern Hemisphere mantle: Nature, v. 309, p. 753-757, doi: 10.1038/309753a0.
64. Hart, S.R., Hauri, E.H., Oschmann, L.A., and Whitehead, J.A., 1992, Mantle plumes and entrainment: Isotopic evidence: Science, v. 256, p. 517-520.
65. Hauri, E., Whitehead, J.A., and Hart, S.R., 1994, Fluid dynamic and geochemical aspects of entrainment in mantle plumes: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 99, p. 24,275-24,300, doi: 10.1029/94JB01257.
66. Hauri, E.K., 1996, Major element variability in the Hawaiian mantle plume: Nature, v. 382, p. 415-419, doi: 10.1038/382415a0. (Pubitemid 26264850)
67. Helffrich, G.R., and Wood, B.J., 2001, The Earth's mantle: Nature, v. 412, p. 501-507, doi: 10.1038/35087500. (Pubitemid 32743823)
68. Hilton, D.R., Barling, J., and Wheller, G.E., 1995, Effect of shallow-level contamination on the helium isotope systematics of ocean-island lavas: Nature, v. 373, p. 330-333, doi: 10.1038/373330a0.
69. Hilton, D.R., Thirlwall, M.F., Taylor, R.N., Murton, B.J., and Nichols, A., 2000, Controls on magmatic degassing along the Reykjanes Ridge with implications for the helium paradox: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 183, p. 43-50, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00253-3. (Pubitemid 32010663)
70. Hofmann, A.W., 1997, Mantle geochemistry: The message from oceanic volcanism: Nature, v. 385, p. 219-229, doi: 10.1038/385219a0.
71. Honda, M., McDougall, I., Patterson, D.B., Doulgeris, A., and Clague, D.A., 1993, Noble gases in submarine pillow basalt glasses from Loihi and Kilauea, Hawaii: A solar component in the Earth: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 57, p. 859-874, doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(93)90174-U. (Pubitemid 23389999)
72. Hunt, D.L., and Kellogg, L.H., 2001, Quantifying mixing and age variations of heterogeneities in models of mantle convection: Role of depth-dependent viscosity: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 106, p. 6747-6759, doi: 10.1029/2000JB900261.
73. Ito, G., and Mahoney, J.J., 2005, Flow and melting of a heterogeneous mantle, 2: Implications for a chemically zoned non-layered mantle: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 230, p. 47-63.
74. 4 He ratios in olivine phenocrysts of kapuho lava and xenolithic dunites from Hawaii: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 39, p. 382-386, doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(78)90026-2.
75. Kellogg, L.H., and Wasserburg, G.J., 1990, The role of plumes in mantle helium fluxes: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 99, p. 276-289, doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(90)90116-F.
76. Kellogg, L.H., Hager, B.H., and van der Hilst, R.D., 1999, Compositional stratification in the deep mantle: Science, v. 283, p. 1881-1884, doi: 10.1126/science.283.5409.1881.
77. Kellogg, J.B., Jacobsen, S.B., and O'Connell, R.J., 2002, Modeling the distribution of isotopic ratios in geochemical reservoirs: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 204, p. 183-202, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00981-0. (Pubitemid 35389741)
78. Kogiso, T., Hirshmann, M., and Reiners, P.W., 2004, Length scales of mantle heterogeneities and their relationship to ocean island basalt chemistry: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, p. 345-360, doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(03) 00419-8. (Pubitemid 38135642)
79. Kurz, M.D., and Geist, D., 1999, Dynamics of the Galapagos hotspot from helium isotope geochemistry: Geochimica et Cosmochemica Acta, v. 63, p. 4139-4156, doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00314-2.
80. Kurz, M.D., Kenna, T.C., Lassiter, J.C., and DePaolo, D.J., 1996, Helium isotopic evolution of Mauna Kea Volcano: First results from the 1 km drill core: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 101, p. 11,781-11,791, doi: 10.1029/95JB03345.
81. Kurz, M.D., Curtice, J., Lott, D.E., III, and Solow, A., 2004, Rapid helium isotopic variability in Mauna Kea shield lavas from the Hawaiian Scientific Drilling Project: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 5, doi: 10.1029/2002GC000439.
82. Lassiter, J.C., Blichert-Toft, J., Hauri, E.H., and Barscuzs, H.G., 2003, Isotope and trace element variations in lavas from Raivavae and Rapa, Cook-Austral islands: Constraints on the nature of HIMU- and EM-mantle and the origin of mid-plate volcanism in French Polynesia: Chemical Geology, v. 202, p. 115-138, doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.08.002. (Pubitemid 38033754)
83. Lee, C.-T., 2004, Are Earth's core and mantle on speaking terms?: Science, v. 306, p. 64-65, doi: 10.1126/science.1102976. (Pubitemid 39451934)
84. Marty, B., and Zimmermann, L., 1999, Volatiles (He, C, N, Ar) in mid-ocean ridge basalts: Assessments of shallow-level fractionation and characterization of source composition: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 63, p. 3619-3633, doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(99)00169-6.
85. 4 He ratios revealed by fractional crushing gas extraction: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 196, p. 213-225, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00602-1. (Pubitemid 34495164)
86. Meibom, A., and Anderson, D.L., 2004, The statistical upper mantle assemblage: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 217, p. 123-139, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00573-9.
87. Meibom, A., Sleep, N.H., Chamberlain, C.P., Coleman, R.G., Frei, R., Hren, M.T., and Wooden, J.L., 2002, Re-Os isotopic evidence for long-lived heterogeneity and equilibrium processes in Earth's upper mantle: Nature, v. 419, p. 705-708, doi: 10.1038/nature01067. (Pubitemid 35177952)
88. 4 He ratios in oceanic basalts an indicator of deep-mantle plume components?: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 208, p. 197-204, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(03) 00038-4. (Pubitemid 36360616)
89. Montelli, R., Nolet, G., Dahlen, F.A., Masters, G., Engdahl, E.R., and Hung, S.-H., 2004, Finite-frequency tomography reveals a variety of plumes in the mantle: Science, v. 303, p. 338-343, doi: 10.1126/science.1092485. (Pubitemid 38095767)
90. Moreira, M., and Sarda, P., 2000, Noble gas constraints on degassing processes: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 176, p. 375-386, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00010-8. (Pubitemid 30234130)
91. Moreira, M., Staudacher, T., Sarda, P., Schilling, J.-G., and Allègre, C.J., 1995, Models A primitive plume neon component in MORB: The Shona ridge-anomaly, South Atlantic (51-52°S): Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 133, p. 367-377, doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(95)00080-V.
92. Moreira, M., Doucelance, R., Kurz, M.D., Dupré, B., and Allègre, C.J., 1999, Helium and lead isotope geochemistry of the Azores Archipelago: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 169, p. 189-205, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00071-0. (Pubitemid 29384911)
93. Moreira, M., Breddam, K., Curtice, J., and Kurz, M.D., 2001, Solar neon in the Icelandic mantle: New evidence for an undegassed lower mantle: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 185, p. 15-23, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00351-4. (Pubitemid 32305195)
94. Morgan, J.P., 2001, Thermodynamics of pressure release melting of a veined plum pudding mantle: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 2, doi: 10.1029/2000GC000049.
95. Morgan, J.P., and Morgan, W.J., 1999, Two-stage melting and the geochemical evolution of the mantle: Arecipe for mantle plum-pudding: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 170, p. 215-239, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(99)00114- 4. (Pubitemid 29494348)
96. Mukhopadhyay, S., Lassiter, J.C., Farley, K.A., and Bogue, S.W., 2003, Geochemistry of Kauai shield-stage lavas: Implications for the chemical evolution of the Hawaiian plume: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 4, doi:10.1029/2002GC000342.
97. Natland, J.H., 2003, Capture of helium and other volatiles during the growth of olivine phenocrysts in picritic basalts from the Juan Fernandez Islands: Journal of Petrology, v. 44, p. 421-456, doi: 10.1093/petrology/44.3. 421.
98. Niedermann, S., Bach, W., and Erzinger, J., 1997, Noble gas evidence for a lower mantle component in MORBs from the southern East Pacific Rise: Decoupling of helium and neon isotope systematics: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 61, p. 2697-2715, doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00102-6.
99. Nuccio, P.M., and Panoita, A., 2000, Investigation of the noble gas solubility in H2O-CO2 bearing silicate liquids at moderate pressure, II: The extended ionic porosity (EIP) model: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 183, p. 499-512, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00297-1. (Pubitemid 32119908)
100. O'Nions, R.K., and Oxburgh, E.R., 1983, Heat and helium in the Earth: Nature, v. 306, p. 429-431, doi: 10.1038/306429a0.
101. Ozima, M., 1994, Noble gas state in the mantle: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 32, p. 405-426, doi: 10.1029/94RG01875.
102. Ozima, M., and Podosek, F.A., 2002, Noble gas geochemistry: Cambridge, England, Cambridge University Press, 286 p.
103. Pepin, R.O., and Porcelli, D., 2002, Origin of noble gases in the terrestrial planets, in Porcelli, D., et al., eds., Noble gases in geochemistry and cosmochemistry: Reviews in mineralogy and geochemistry: Washington, D.C., Geochemical Society and Mineralogical Society of America, p. 191-246.
104. Porcelli, D., and Ballentine, C.J., 2002, Models for the distribution of terrestrial noble gases and evolution of the atmosphere, in Porcelli, D., et al., eds., Noble gases in geochemistry and cosmochemistry: Reviews in mineralogy and geochemistry: Washington, D.C., Geochemical Society and Mineralogical Society of America, p. 411-480.
105. Porcelli, D., and Halliday, A.N., 2001, The core as a possible source of mantle helium: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 192, p. 45-56, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00418-6. (Pubitemid 32978662)
106. Porcelli, D., and Wasserburg, G.J., 1995, Mass transfer of helium, neon, argon, and xenon through a steady-state upper mantle: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 59, p. 4921-4937, doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(95)00336-3. (Pubitemid 26460836)
107. Porcelli, D., Ballentine, C.J., and Wieler, R., 2002, Noble gases in geochemistry and cosmochemistry: Reviews in mineralogy and geochemistry: Washington, D.C., Geochemical Society and Mineralogical Society of America, 844 p.
108. Poreda, R., Schilling, J.-G., and Craig, H., 1986, Helium and hydrogen isotopes in ocean-ridge basalts north and south of Iceland: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 78, p. 1-17, doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(86)90168-8.
109. Reisberg, L., and Zindler, A., 1986, Extreme isotopic variability in the upper mantle: Evidence from Ronda: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 81, p. 29-45, doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(86)90098-1.
110. Rudge, J.F., McKenzie, D., and Haynes, P.H., 2005, A theoretical approach to understanding the isotopic heterogeneity of mid-ocean ridge basalt: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 69, p. 3873-3877, doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2005. 03.004).
111. Salters, V.J.M., and Stracke, A., 2004, Composition of the depleted mantle: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 5, doi:10.1029/2003GC000597.
112. Sarda, P., and Moreira, M., 2002, Vesiculation and vesicle loss in mid-ocean ridge glasses: He, Ne, Ar elemental fractionation and pressure influence: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 66, p. 1449-1458, doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00863-8. (Pubitemid 34463931)
113. Sarda, P., Moreira, M., Staudacher, T., Schilling, J.-G., and Allègre, C.J., 2000, Rare gas systematics on the southernmost Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Constraints on the lower mantle and the Dupal source: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 105, p. 5973-5996, doi: 10.1029/ 1999JB900282.
114. Schaefer, B.F., Turner, S., Parkinson, I., Rogers, N., and Hawkesworth, C., 2002, Evidence for recycled Archean oceanic mantle lithosphere in the Azores plume: Nature, v. 420, p. 304-307, doi: 10.1038/nature01172. (Pubitemid 35398183)
115. Schlosser, P., and Winckler, G., 2002, Noble gases in ocean waters and sediments, in Porcelli, D., et al., eds., Noble gases in geochemistry and cosmochemistry: Reviews in mineralogy and geochemistry: Washington, D.C., Geochemical Society and Mineralogical Society of America, p. 701-730.
116. Sleep, N.H., 1979, Thermal history and degassing of the Earth: Some simple calculations: Journal of Geology, v. 87, p. 671-686.
117. Stolper, E., Sherman, S., Garcia, M., Maker, M., and Seaman, C., 2004, Glass in the submarine section of the HSDP2 drill core, Hilo, Hawaii: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 5, doi:10.1029/2003GC000553.
118. 4 He reservoir in Earth mantle: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 68, p. A555.
119. 4 He ratios in picritic basalts from Baffin Island and the role of a mixed reservoir in mantle plumes: Nature, v. 424, p. 57-59, doi: 10.1038/nature01711. (Pubitemid 36834838)
120. Tackley, P.J., 2000, Mantle convection and plate tectonics: Toward an integrated physical and chemical theory: Science, v. 288, p. 2002-2007, doi: 10.1126/science.288.5473.2002. (Pubitemid 30397673)
121. Tolstikhin, I., and Hofmann, A.W., 2005, Early crust on top of the Earth's core: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 148, p. 109-130.
122. Tolstikhin, I.N., and Marty, B., 1998, The evolution of terrestrial volatiles: A view from helium, neon, argon and nitrogen isotope modelling: Chemical Geology, v. 147, p. 27-52, doi: 10.1016/S0009-2541(97)00170-8. (Pubitemid 28476345)
123. Trieloff, M., Kunz, J., Clague, D.A., Harrison, D., and Allègre, C.J., 2000, The nature of pristine noble gases in mantle plumes: Science, v. 288, p. 1036-1038, doi: 10.1126/science.288.5468.1036. (Pubitemid 30324233)
124. Valbracht, P.J., Staudigel, H., Honda, M., McDougall, I., and Davies, G.R., 1996, Isotopic tracing of volcanic source regions from Hawaii: Decoupling of gaseous from lithophile magma components: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 144, p. 185-198, doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(96)00126-4.
125. van der Hilst, R.D., Widiyantoro, S., and Engdahl, R., 1997, Evidence for deep mantle circulation from global tomography: Nature, v. 386, p. 578-584, doi: 10.1038/386578a0. (Pubitemid 27175418)
126. van Keken, P.E., and Ballentine, C.J., 1998, Whole-mantle versus layered convection and the role of a high-viscosity lower mantle in terrestrial volatile evolution: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 156, p. 19-32, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00023-5.
127. van Keken, P.E., and Ballentine, C.J., 1999, Dynamical models of mantle volatile evolution and the role of phase transitions and temperature dependent rheology: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 104, p. 7137-7151, doi: 10.1029/1999JB900003.
128. van Keken, P.E., Ballentine, C.J., and Porcelli, D., 2001, A dynamical investigation of the heat and helium imbalance: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 188, p. 421-434, doi: 10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00343-0. (Pubitemid 32608703)
129. van Keken, P.E., Hauri, E., and Ballentine, C.J., 2002, Mantle mixing: The generation, preservation, and destruction of chemical heterogeneity: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 30, p. 493-525, doi: 10.1146/annurev.earth.30.091201.141236. (Pubitemid 35374819)
130. Wetherill, G.W., 1954, Variations in the isotope abundances of neon and argon extracted from radioactive minerals: Physical Review, v. 96, p. 679-683, doi: 10.1103/PhysRev.96.679.
131. Williams, Q., and Hemley, R.J., 2001, Hydrogen in the deep Earth: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 29, p. 365-418, doi: 10.1146/annurev.earth.29.1.365. (Pubitemid 32554923)
132. Woodhead, J.D., and McCullogh, M.T., 1989, Ancient seafloor signals in Pitcairn Island lavas and evidence for large amplitude, small length-scale mantle heterogeneities: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 94, p. 257-273, doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(89)90145-3.
133. Workman, R.K., Hart, S.R., Jackson, M., Regelous, M., Farley, K.A., Blusztajn, J., Kurz, M., and Staudigel, H., 2004, Recycled metasomatized lithosphere as the origin of the Enriched Mantle II end-member: Evidence from the Samoan Volcanic Chain: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 5, doi: 10.1029/2003GC000632.
134. Xie, S., and Tackley, P.J., 2004, Evolution of helium and argon isotopes in a convecting mantle: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 146, p. 417-439, doi: 1.1016/j.pepi.2004.04.003.
135. Yamamoto, J., and Burnard, P.G., 2005, Solubility controlled noble gas fractionation during magmatic degassing: Implications for noble gas compositions of primary melts of OIB and MORB: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 69, p. 727-734.
136. Yatsevich, I., and Honda, M., 1997, Production of nucleogenic neon in the Earth from natural radioactive decay: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 102, p. 10,291-10,298, doi: 10.1029/97JB00395.
137. Yokochi, R., and Marty, B., 2004, A determination of the neon isotopic composition of the deep mantle: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 225, p. 77-88, doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.06.010. (Pubitemid 39122626)
138. Zahnle, K., Kastings, J.F., and Pollack, J.B., 1990, Mass fractionation of noble gases in diffusion-limited hydrodynamic hydrogen escape: Icarus, v. 84, p. 502-527, doi: 10.1016/0019-1035(90)90050-J.
139. Zindler, A., and Hart, S., 1986, Chemical geodynamics: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 14, p. 493-571, doi: 10.1146/annurev.ea.14. 050186.002425.
140. Zindler, A., Staudigel, H., and Batiza, R., 1984, Isotope and trace element geochemistry of young Pacific seamounts: Implications for the scale of upper mantle heterogeneity: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 70, p. 175-195, doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(84)90004-9.