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note
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4He ratios among the world's mantle reservoirs, i.e., the highest proportion of (primitive) primordial relative to radiogenic nuclides.
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17
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A (7), and observations at the southern East Pacific Rise found a plume-like Ne component farther south than plume-like He [S. Niedermann, W. Bach, J. Erzinger, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61, 2697 (1997)].
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Ne-B was regarded as the actual solar composition for a long time, but today most meteoriticists assume that Ne-B is a mixture of solar-wind and solar energetic particle neon. However, it is justified to regard Ne-B as its own component, because it is an ubiquitous mixture whose constituents are in very constant proportions. Its value is reproducable in most gas-rich meteoritic bulk samples [E. Mazor, D. Heymann, E. Anders, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 34, 781 (1970); P. Scherer and L. Schultz, Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 35, 145 (2000)].
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Mazor, E.1
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0034107062
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Ne-B was regarded as the actual solar composition for a long time, but today most meteoriticists assume that Ne-B is a mixture of solar-wind and solar energetic particle neon. However, it is justified to regard Ne-B as its own component, because it is an ubiquitous mixture whose constituents are in very constant proportions. Its value is reproducable in most gas-rich meteoritic bulk samples [E. Mazor, D. Heymann, E. Anders, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 34, 781 (1970); P. Scherer and L. Schultz, Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 35, 145 (2000)].
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Schultz, L.2
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0343066155
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Web figures 1 through 8 and Web table 1 are available at Science Online at www.sciencemag.org/ features/data/1048312/shl.
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Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge
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130Xe ratio) compared with the mantle source (8), which could be obtained by fractionating air similar to air dissolved in deep seawater [M. Ozima and F. A. Podosek, Noble Gas Geochemistry, (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1983)].
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Noble Gas Geochemistry
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note
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Planetary-type primordial noble gases are found in meteorites, the potential "building blocks" of the larger terrestrial planets. Their elemental abundance pattern is distinct from solar abundances (heavy nuclides are overabundant, similar to Earth's atmosphere). The "planetary" isotopic composition for Ar is indistinguishable from that in the terrestrial atmosphere, but its isotopic composition differs for Xe and Kr.
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30
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The terms "atmosphere-like" and "atmospheric" are used throughout this report for the same isotopic composition, but are meant to distinguish between "atmospheric" noble gases derived from Earth's atmosphere (also called "contaminating" or "subducted") and "atmosphere-like" isotopes in the mantle that probably never resided in the atmosphere.
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The required clearing of the accretion disk and accompanying gas and volatile loss before the larger terrestrial planets were accreted can be reconciled with the observation that K loss in the inner solar system was not accompanied by fractionation of K isotopes (as would be expected for K loss from large planetary bodies [M. Humayun and R. N. Clayton, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 59, 2131 (1995)].
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atmospheric ratios. However, exclusive subduction into plume reservoirs seems to be quite unlikely, so early subduction is more feasible at a time when mass exchange from the upper to the lower mantle was possible.
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Wasserburg, G.J.2
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0342631884
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We are grateful for two constructive anonymous reviews. Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft to M.T. (grant TR333/3) and the David and Lucille Packard Foundation through a grant to the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute to D.A.C.
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