A data-driven analysis of energy balance closure across FLUXNET research sites: The role of landscape scale heterogeneity

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

Volumn 171-172, Issue , 2013, Pages 137-152

  Stoy, Paul C ^a   Mauder, Matthias ^b   Foken, Thomas ^c   Marcolla, Barbara ^d   Boegh, Eva ^e   Ibrom, Andreas ^f   Arain, M Altaf ^g   Arneth, Almut ^b,h   Aurela, Mika ⁱ   Bernhofer, Christian ^j   Cescatti, Alessandro ^k   Dellwik, Ebba ^f   Duce, Pierpaolo ^l   Gianelle, Damiano ^d   van Gorsel, Eva ^m   Kiely, Gerard ⁿ   Knohl, Alexander ^o   Margolis, Hank ^p   Mccaughey, Harry ^q   Merbold, Lutz ^r   Montagnani, Leonardo ^s,t,u   Papale, Dario ^v   Reichstein, Markus ^w   Saunders, Matthew ^x   Serrano Ortiz, Penelope ^y   Sottocornola, Matteo ^d   Spano, Donatella ^z   Vaccari, Francesco ^l   Varlagin, Andrej ^aa   more..

^a MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b KARLSRUHE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BAYREUTH   (Germany)

^d RESEARCH AND INNOVATION CENTRE   (Italy)

^e ROSKILDE UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

^f TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK   (Denmark)

^g MCMASTER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^h LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

ⁱ FINNISH METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTE   (Finland)

^j DRESDEN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

^k JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE   (Italy)

^l CNR   (Italy)

^m CSIRO   (Australia)

ⁿ UNIVERSITY COLLEGE CORK   (Ireland)

^o UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

^p UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL   (Canada)

^q QUEEN S UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^r ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^s Forest Services of Autonomous Province of Bolzano   (Italy)

^t Laboratory of Chemical Physics   (Italy)

^u FREE UNIVERSITY OF BOZEN BOLZANO   (Italy)

^v UNIVERSITY OF TUSCIA   (Italy)

^w MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR BIOGEOCHEMISTRY   (Germany)

^x UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

^y DEPARTAMENTO DE ECOLOGÍA FUNCIONAL Y EVOLUTIVA   (Spain)

^z UNIVERSITY OF SASSARI   (Italy)

^aa SEVERTSOV INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION   (Russian Federation)

more..

Author keywords

Eddy covariance; Energy balance closure; Enhanced vegetation index

Indexed keywords

BROAD-LEAVED FOREST; EDDY COVARIANCE; ENERGY BALANCE; FOREST ECOSYSTEM; HETEROGENEITY; MODIS; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SAVANNA; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 84874241558     PISSN: 01681923     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.11.004     Document Type: Article

References (215)

1. Allison V.J., Miller R.M., Jastrow J.D., Matamala R., Zak D.R. Changes in soil microbial community structure in a tallgrass prairie chronosequence. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 2005, 69(5):1412-1421.
2. Ammann C., Flechard C.R., Leifeld J., Neftel A., Fuhrer J. The carbon budget of newly established temperate grassland depends on management intensity. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 2007, 121:5-20.
3. Anthoni P.M., Freibauer A., Kolle O., Schulze E.-D. Winter wheat carbon exchange in Thuringia, Germany. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2004, 121(1-2):55-67.
4. 2 exchange in Thuringia, Germany. Global Change Biol. 2004, 10(12):2005-2019.
5. Arain M.A., Restrepo-Coupe N. Net ecosystem production in a temperate pine plantation in southeastern Canada. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2005, 128(3-4):223-241.
6. Aubinet M., Chermanne B., Vandenhaute M., Longdoz B., Yernaux M., Laitat E. Long term carbon dioxide exchange above a mixed forest in the Belgian Ardennes. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2001, 108(4):293-315.
7. 2 closure problem: evidence from three different forests. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2010, 150(5):655-664.
8. Aubinet M., Grelle A., Ibrom A., Rannik ü., Moncrieff J., Foken T., Kowalski A.S., Martin P.H., Berbigier P., Bernhofer C., Clement R., Elbers J., Granier A., Grunwald T., Morgenstern K., Pilegaard K., Rebmann C., Snijders W., Valentini R., Vesala T. Estimates of the annual net carbon and water exchange of forests: the EUROFLUX methodology. Adv. Ecol. Res. 2000, 30:113-175.
9. 2 balance of a subarctic fen in northern Europe: importance of the wintertime efflux. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmosph. 2002, 107(D21):4607.
10. Badiya Roy S., Avissar R. Impact of land use/land cover change on regional hydrometeorology in Amazonia. J. Geophys. Res. 2002, 107(D20, 8037). 10.1029/2000JD000266.
11. Baidya Roy S., Weaver C.P., Nolan D.S., Avissar R. A preferred scale for landscape forced mesoscale circulations?. J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108(D22):8854.
12. Baker T.R., Phillips O.L., Malhi Y., Almeida S., Arroyo L., Di Fiore A., Erwin T., Killeen T.J., Laurance S.G., Laurance W.F., Lewis S.L., Lloyd J., Monteagudo A., Neill D.A., Patiño S., Pitman N.C.A., Silva J.N.M., Vásquez Martínez R. Variation in wood density determines spatial patterns in Amazonian forest biomass. Global Change Biol. 2004, 10(5):545-562.
13. Baldocchi D., Falge E., Gu L.H., Olson R., Hollinger D., Running S., Anthoni P., Bernhofer C., Davis K., Evans R., Fuentes J., Goldstein A., Katul G., Law B., Lee X.H., Malhi Y., Meyers T., Munger W., Oechel W., Paw U.K.T., Pilegaard K., Schmid H.P., Valentini R., Verma S., Vesala T., Wilson K., Wofsy S. FLUXNET: A new tool to study the temporal and spatial variability of ecosystem-scale carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy flux densities. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 2001, 82(11):2415-2434.
14. Baldocchi D.D. 'Breathing' of the terrestrial biosphere: Lessons learned from a global network of carbon dioxide flux measurements systems. Aust. J. Bot. 2008, 56:1-26.
15. Baldocchi D.D., Vogel C.A., Hall B. Seasonal variation of carbon dioxide exchange rates above and below a boreal jack pine forest. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 1997, 83(1-2):147-170.
16. 2 flux. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2006, 140:322-337.
17. Barr A.G., van der Kamp G., Black T.A., Mccaughey J.H., Nesic Z. Energy balance closure at the BERMS flux towers in relation to the water balance of the White Gull Creek watershed 1999-2009. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2012, 153:3-13.
18. 2 and water vapour fluxes for 2 years above Euroflux forest site. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2001, 108(3):183-197.
19. Bergeron O., Margolis H.A., Black T.A., Coursolle C., Dunn A.L., Barr A.G., Wofsy S.C. Comparison of carbon dioxide fluxes over three boreal black spruce forests in Canada. Global Change Biol. 2007, 13(1):89-107.
20. Beringer J., Hutley L., Kilinc M., McGuire A.D., McHugh I. Water, energy and carbon fluxes from the world's tallest anigosperm (Eucalyptus regnans) at Wallaby Creek, south-eastern Australia. International Geographical Union Conference "Regional Responses to Global Changes: A View from the Antipodes" , Brisbane, Australia 2006.
21. Bernhofer C., Aubinet M., Clement R., Grelle A., Grunwald T., Ibrom A., Jarvis P., Rebmann C., Schulze E.-D., Tenhunen J. Spruce forests (Norway and Sitka Spruce, including Douglas Fir): carbon and water fluxes and balances, ecological and ecophysiological determinants. Fluxes of Carbon, Water and Energy of European Forests 2003, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. R. Valentini (Ed.).
22. Bernhofer C., Gay L.W., Granier A., Joss U., Kessler A., Köstner B., Siegwolf R., Tenhunen J.D., Vogt R. The HartX-synthesis: an experimental approach to water and carbon exchange of a Scots pine plantation. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 1996, 53(1):173-183.
23. Beyrich F., Richter S.H., Weisensee U., Kohsiek W., Lohse H., DeBruin A.R., Foken T., Göckede M., Berger F.H., Vogt R., Batchvarova E. Experimental determination of turbulent fluxes over the heterogeneous LITFASS area: selected results from the LITFASS-98 experiment. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 2002, 73:19-34.
24. Beziat P., Ceschia E., Dedieu G. Carbon balance of a three crop succession over two cropland sites in South West France. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2009, 149(10):1628-1645.
25. Black K., Davis P., Lynch P., Jones M., McGettigan M., Osborne B. Long-term trends in solar irradiance in Ireland and their potential effects on gross primary productivity. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2006, 141(2-4):118-132.
26. Black T.A., Den Hartog G., Neumann H.H., Blanken P.D., Yang P.C., Russell C., Nesic Z., Lee X., Chen S.G., Staebler R., Novak M.D. Annual cycles of water vapour and carbon dioxide fluxes in and above a boreal aspen forest. Global Change Biol. 1996, 2(3):219-229.
27. Borma L.S., da Rocha H.R., Cabral O.M., von Randow C., Collicchio E., Kurzatkowski D., Brugger P.J., Freitas H., Tannus R., Oliveira L., Rennû C.D., Artaxo P. Atmosphere and hydrological controls of the evapotranspiration over a floodplain forest in the Bananal Island region, Amazonia. J. Geophys. Res. 2009, 114(G1):G01003.
28. Botev Z.I., Grotowski J.F., Kroese D.P. Kernel density estimation via diffusion. Ann. Statist. 2010, 38:2916-2957.
29. Brotzke J.A., Duchon C.E. A field comparison among a domeless net radiometer, two four-component net radiometers, and a domed net radiometer. J. Atmosph. Oceanic Technol. 2000, 17:1569-1582.
30. 2 flux from open-path gas analyzers. Global Change Biol. 2008, 14:1-23.
31. Campbell J.L., Sun O.J., Law B.E. Supply-side controls on soil respiration among Oregon forests. Global Change Biol. 2004, 10(11):1857-1869.
32. Cava D., Contini D., Donateo A., Martano P. Analysis of short-term closure of the surface energy balance above short vegetation. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2008, 148(1):82-93.
33. Cescatti A., Marcolla B. Drag coefficient and turbulence intensity in conifer canopies. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2004, 121(3-4):197-206.
34. Chen B., Coops N.C., Fu D., Margolis H.A., Amiro B.D., Barr A.G., Black T.A., Arain M.A., Bourque C.P.A., Flanagan L.B., Lafleur P.M., Mccaughey J.H., Wofsy S.C. Assessing eddy-covariance flux tower location bias across the Fluxnet-Canada research network based on remote sensing and footprint modelling. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2011, 151(1):87-100.
35. Chen B., Coops N.C., Fu D., Margolis H.A., Amiro B.D., Black T.A., Arain M.A., Barr A.G., Bourque C.P.A., Flanagan L.B., Lafleur P.M., Mccaughey J.H., Wofsy S.C. Characterizing spatial representativeness of flux tower eddy-covariance measurements across the Canadian Carbon Program Network using remote sensing and footprint analysis. Remote Sens. Environ. 2012, 124(0):742-755.
36. Chen J., Falk M., Euskirchen E., Paw n.U., Suchanek K.T., Ustin T.H., Bond S.L., Brosofske B.J., Phillips K.D., Bi N.R. Biophysical controls of carbon flows in three successional Douglas-fir stands based on eddy-covariance measurements. Tree Physiol. 2002, 22(2-3):169-177.
37. Chen S., Chen J., Lin G., Zhang W., Miao H., Wei L., Huang J., Han X. Energy balance and partition in Inner Mongolia steppe ecosystems with different land use types. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2009, 149(11):1800-1809.
38. Chiesi M., Maselli F., Bindi M., Fibbi L., Cherubini P., Arlotta E., Tirone G., Matteucci G., Seufert G. Modelling carbon budget of Mediterranean forests using ground and remote sensing measurements. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2005, 135(1-4):22-34.
39. Chojnicki B.H., Urbaniak M., Jozefczyk D., Augustin J., Olejnik J. Measurements of gas and heat fluxes at Rzecin wetland. Wetlands: Monitoring, Modelling and Management 2007, 125-131. Taylor & Francis Group, London. T. Okruszko, E. Maltby, J. Szatylowicz, D. Miroslow-Swiakek, W. Kotowski (Eds.).
40. Christensen T.R., Johansson T., Olsrud M., Ström L., Lindroth A., Mastepanov M., Malmer N., Friborg T., Crill P., Callaghan T.V. A catchment-scale carbon and greenhouse gas budget of a subarctic landscape. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A 2007, 365:1643-1656.
41. Clark K.L., Gholz H.L., Moncrieff J.B., Cropley F., Loescher H.W. Environmental controls over net exchanges of carbon dioxide from contrasting florida ecosystems. Ecol. Appl. 1999, 9(3):936-948.
42. Clement R.J., Burba G.G., Grelle A., Anderson D.J., Moncrieff J.B. Improved trace gas flux estimation through IRGA sampling optimization. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2009, 149(3-4):623-638.
43. Cook B.D., Davis K.J., Wang W., Desai A.R., Berger B.W., Teclaw R.M., Martin J.M., Bolstad P.V., Bakwin P., Yi C., Heilman W. Carbon exchange and venting anomalies in an upland deciduous forest in norhern Wisconsin, USA. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2004, 126:271-295.
44. Corradi C., Kolle O., Walter K., Zimov S.A., Schulze E.D. Carbon dioxide and methane exchange of a north-east Siberian tussock tundra. Global Change Biol. 2005, 11(11):1910-1925.
45. de Pury D.G.G., Ceulemans R. Scaling-up carbon fluxes from leaves to stands in a patchy coniferous/deciduous forest. Impacts of Global Change on Tree Physiology and Forest Ecosystems 1997, 263-272. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. G.M.J. Mohren (Ed.).
46. DeForest J., Noormets A., McNulty S., Sun G., Tenney G., Chen J. Phenophases alter the soil respiration-temperature relationship in an oak-dominated forest. Int. J. Biometeorol. 2006, 51(2):135-144.
47. Dellwik E., Mann J., Bingöl F. Flow tilt angles near forest edges-Part 1: Sonic anemometry. Biogeosciences 2010, 7:1745-1757.
48. Dellwik E., Mann J., Larsen K.S. Flow tilt angles near forest edges-Part 2: Lidar anemometry. Biogeosciences 2010, 7:1759-1768.
49. Desai A.R., Bolstad P.V., Cook B.D., Davis K.J., Carey E.V. Comparing net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide between an old-growth and mature forest in the upper Midwest, USA. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2005, 128:33-55.
50. Desai A.R., Richardson A.D., Moffat A.M., Kattge J., Hollinger D.Y., Barr A.G., Falge E., Noormets A., Papale D., Reichstein M., Stauch V.J. Cross-site evaluation of eddy covariance GPP and RE decomposition techniques. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2008, 148:821-838.
51. Detto M., Katul G.G., Siqueira M.B.S., Juang J.-Y., Stoy P.C. The structure of turbulence near a tall forest edge: the backward-facing step flow analogy revisited. Ecol. Appl. 2008, 18:1420-1435.
52. Dolman A.J., Moors E.J., Elbers J.A. The carbon uptake of a mid latitude pine forest growing on sandy soil. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2002, 111(3):157-170.
53. Domec J.-C., Noormets A., King J.S., Sun G.E., McNulty S.G., Gavazzi M.J., Boggs J.L., Treasure E.A. Decoupling the influence of leaf and root hydraulic conductances on stomatal conductance and its sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit as soil dries in a drained loblolly pine plantation. Plant Cell Environ. 2009, 32(8):980-991.
54. Don A., Rebmann C., Kolle O., Scherer-Lorenzen M., Schulze E.-D. Impact of afforestation-associated management changes on the carbon balance of grassland. Global Change Biol. 2009, 15(8):1990-2002.
55. 2 exchange of a ponderosa pine forest. Global Change Biol. 2008, 14:1801-1820.
56. Epstein H.E., Calef M.P., Walker M.D., Chapin F.S.I., Starfield A.M. Detecting changes in arctic tundra plant communities in response to warming over decadal time scales. Global Change Biol. 2004, 10(8):1325-1334.
57. Etzold S., Buchmann N., Eugster W. Contribution of advection to the carbon budget measured by eddy covariance at a steep mountain slope forest in Switzerland. Biogeosciences 2010, 8:2461-2475.
58. Falge E., Baldocchi D., Olson R., Anthoni P., Aubinet M., Bernhofer C., Burba G., Ceulemans G., Clement R., Dolman H., Granier A., Gross P., Grunwald T., Hollinger D., Jensen N.O., Katul G., Keronen P., Kowalski A., Lai C.T., Law B.E., Meyers T., Moncrieff J., Moors E., Munger J.W., Pilegaard K., Rannik U., Rebmann C., Suyker A., Tenhunen J., Tu K., Verma S., Vesala T., Wilson K., Wofsy S. Gap filling strategies for long term energy flux data sets. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2001, 107(1):71-77.
59. Falge E., Baldocchi D., Tenhunen J., Aubinet M., Bakwin P., Berbigier P., Bernhofer C., Burba G., Clement R., Davis K.J., Elbers J.A., Goldstein A.H., Grelle A., Granier A., Guomundsson J., Hollinger D., Kowalski A.S., Katul G., Law B.E., Malhi Y., Meyers T., Monson R.K., Munger J.W., Oechel W., Paw K.T., Pilegaard K., Rannik U., Rebmann C., Suyker A., Valentini R., Wilson K., Wofsy S. Seasonality of ecosystem respiration and gross primary production as derived from FLUXNET measurements. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2002, 113(1-4):53-74.
60. Famulari D., Fowler D., Hargreaves K., Milford C., Nemitz E., Sutton M.A., Weston K. Measuring eddy covariance fluxes of ammonia using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy. Water, Air, Soil Pollut.: Focus 2004, 4(6):151-158.
61. Finnigan J.J., Clement R., Malhi Y., Leuning R., Cleugh H.A. A re-evaluation of long-term flux measurement techniques Part I: averaging and coordinate rotation. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 2003, 107:1-48.
62. Finnigan J.J., Leuning R. Long term flux measurements-coordinate systems and averaging. Proceedings of the International Workshop for Advanced Flux Network and Flux Evaluation 2000, 51-56.
63. 2O, and sensible heat in agricultural fields of the Southern Great Plains. Earth Interact. 2007, 11(17):1-21.
64. Flechard C.R., Ambus P., Skiba U., Rees R.M., Hensen A., van Amstel A., Dasselaar A.v.d.P.-v., Soussana J.F., Jones M., Clifton-Brown J., Raschi A., Horvath L., Neftel A., Jocher M., Ammann C., Leifeld J., Fuhrer J., Calanca P., Thalman E., Pilegaard K., Di Marco C., Campbell C., Nemitz E., Hargreaves K.J., Levy P.E., Ball B.C., Jones S.K., van de Bulk W.C.M., Groot T., Blom M., Domingues R., Kasper G., Allard V., Ceschia E., Cellier P., Laville P., Henault C., Bizouard F., Abdalla M., Williams M., Baronti S., Berretti F., Grosz B. Effects of climate and management intensity on nitrous oxide emissions in grassland systems across Europe. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 2007, 121(1-2):135-152.
65. Foken T. Ergebnisse des LINEX-97/1 Experimentes. Deutscher Wetterdienst, Forschung und Entwicklung Arbeitsergebnisse 1998, 53.
66. Foken T. The energy balance closure problem: an overview. Ecol. Appl. 2008, 18(6):1351-1367.
67. Foken T., Aubinet M., Finnigan J.J., Leclerc M.Y., Mauder M., Paw U K.T. Results of a panel discussion about the energy balance closure correction for trace gases. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 2011, 92:ES13-ES18.
68. Foken T., Jegede O.O., Weisensee U., Richter S.H., Handorf D., Görsdorf U., Vogel G., Schubert U., Kirzel H.-J., Thiermann V. Results of the LINEX-96/2 experiment. Deutscher Wetterdienst, Forschung und Entwicklung 1997, 48.
69. Foken T., Wimmer F., Mauder M., Thomas C., Liebethal C. Some aspects of the energy balance closure problem. Atmosph. Chem. Phys. 2006, 6:4395-4402.
70. 2 exchange in semi-arid Leymus chinensis steppe and alpine shrub. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2006, 137(3-4):234-244.
71. Gao Z., Horton R., Liu H.P. Impact of wave phase difference between soil surface heat flux and soil surface temperature on soil surface energy balance closure. J. Geophys. Res. 2010, 115(D16):D16112.
72. 2 fluxes from a boreal cutover in eastern Canada before and after scarification. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2006, 140(1-4):23-40.
73. 2 exchange into gross primary productivity and ecosystem respiration using light response function analysis. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 2007, 121:93-120.
74. 2 flux and remotely-sensed data for primary production and ecosystem respiration analyses in the Northern Great Plains: potential for quantitative spatial extrapolation. Global Ecol. Biogeogr. 2005, 14(3):271-292.
75. Gioli B., Miglietta F., De Martino B., Hutjes R.W.A., Dolman H.A.J., Lindroth A., Schumacher M., Sanz M.J., Manca G., Peressotti A., Dumas E.J. Comparison between tower and aircraft-based eddy covariance fluxes in five European regions. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2004, 127(1-2):1-16.
76. Göckede M., Foken T., Aubinet M., Aurela M., Banza J., Bernhofer C., Bonnefond J.M., Brunet Y., Carrara A., Clement R., Dellwik E., Elbers J., Eugster W., Fuhrer J., Granier A., Grünwald T., Heinesch B., Janssens I.A., Knohl A., Koeble R., Laurila T., Longdoz B., Manca G., Marek M., Markkanen T., Mateus J., Matteucci G., Mauder M., Migliavacca M., Minerbi S., Moncrieff J., Montagnani L., Moors E., Ourcival J.-M., Papale D., Pereira J., Pilegaard K., Pita G., Rambal S., Rebmann C., Rodrigues A., Rotenberg E., Sanz M.J., Sedlak P., Seufert G., Siebicke L., Soussana J.F., Valentini R., Vesala T., Verbeeck H., Yakir D. Quality control of CarboEurope flux data - Part 1: coupling footprint analyses with flux data quality assessment to evaluate sites in forest ecosystems. Biogeosciences 2008, 5:433-450.
77. Goldstein A.H., Hultman N.E., Fracheboud J.M., Bauer M.R., Panek J.A., Xu M., Qi Y., Guenther A.B., Baugh W. Effects of climate variability on the carbon dioxide, water, and sensible heat fluxes above a ponderosa pine plantation in the Sierra Nevada (CA). Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2000, 101(2-3):113-129.
78. Granier A., Ceschia E., Damesin C., Dufrêne E., Epron D., Gross P., Lebaube S., Le Dantec V., Le Goff N., Lemoine D., Lucot E., Ottorini J.M., Pontailler J.Y., Saugier B. The carbon balance of a young Beech forest. Funct. Ecol. 2000, 14(3):312-325.
79. Gray J. Jim Gray on eScience: a transformed scientific method. The Fourth Paradigm: Data-intensive Scientific Discovery 2009, 284. Microsoft Research. T. Hey, S. Tansley, K. Tolle (Eds.).
80. Grunzweig J.M., Lin T., Rotenberg E., Schwartz A., Yakir D. Carbon sequestration in arid-land forest. Global Change Biol. 2003, 9(5):791-799.
81. Gu L., Meyers T., Pallardy S.G., Hanson P.J., Yang B., Heuer M., Hosman K.P., Riggs J.S., Sluss D., Wullschleger S.D. Direct and indirect effects of atmospheric conditions and soil moisture on surface energy partitioning revealed by a prolonged drought at a temperate forest site. J. Geophys. Res. 2006, 111(D16):D16102.
82. 2 fluxes over an old, temperate mixed forest in northeastern China. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2006, 137(3' Äì4):138-149.
83. Guerschman J.P., Van Dijk A.I.J.M., Mattersdorf G., Beringer J., Hutley L.B., Leuning R., Pipunic R.C., Sherman B.S. Scaling of potential evapotranspiration with MODIS data reproduces flux observations and catchment water balance observations across Australia. J. Hydrol. 2009, 369(1-2):107-119.
84. Hargreaves K.J., Milne R., Cannell M.G.R. Carbon balance of afforested peatland in Scotland. Forestry 2003, 76(3):299-317.
85. Haverd V., Cuntz M., Leuning R., Keith H. Air and biomass heat storage fluxes in a forest canopy: calculation within a soil vegetation atmosphere transfer model. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2007, 147:125-139.
86. Heinsch F.A., Heilman J.L., McInnes K.J., Cobos D.R., Zuberer D.A., Roelke D.L. Carbon dioxide exchange in a high marsh on the Texas Gulf Coast: effects of freshwater availability. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2004, 125(1-2):159-172.
87. Hendricks Franssen H.J., Stöckli R., Lehner I., Rotenberg E., Senevirante S.I. Energy balance closure of eddy-covariance data: a multisite analysis for European FLUXNET stations. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2010, 150(12):1553-1567.
88. Heusinkveld B.G., Jacobs A.F.G., Hostslag A.A.M., Berkowicz S.M. Surface energy balance closure in an arid region: role of soil heat flux. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2004, 122:21-37.
89. 2 and water vapor exchange of a larch forest in northern Japan. Tellus B 2003, 55(2):244-257.
90. Hollinger D.Y., Goltz S.M., Davidson E.A., Lee J.T., Tu K., Valentine H.T. Seasonal patterns and environmental control of carbon dioxide and water vapour exchange in an ecotonal boreal forest. Global Change Biol. 1999, 5(8):891-902.
91. Hollinger D.Y., Ollinger S.V., Richardson A.D., Meyers T., Dail D.B., Martin M.E., Scott N.A., Arkebauer T.J., Baldocchi D.D., Clark K.L., Curtis P.S., Davis K.J., Desai A.R., Dragoni D., Goulden M.L., Gu L., Katul G.G., Pallardy S.G., Paw U K.T., Schmid H.P., Stoy P.C., Suyker A.E., Verma S.B. Albedo estimates for land surface models and support for a new paradigm based on foliage nitrogen concentration. Global Change Biol. 2009, 16:696-710.
92. Hsieh C.-I., Huang C.-W., Kiely G. Long-term estimation of soil heat flux by single layer soil temperature. Int. J. Biometeorol. 2009, 53(1):113-123.
93. Huete A., Didan K., Miura T., Rodriguez E.P., Gao X., Ferreira L.G. Overview of the radiometric and biophysical performance of the MODIS vegetation indices. Remote Sens. Environ. 2002, 83(1-2):195-213.
94. Humphreys E.R., Black T.A., Morgenstern K., Cai T., Drewitt G.B., Nesic Z., Trofymow J.A. Carbon dioxide fluxes in coastal Douglas-fir stands at different stages of development after clearcut harvesting. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2006, 140(1-4):6-22.
95. Hunt J.R., Baldocchi D.D., van Ingen C. Redefining ecological science using data. The Fourth Paradigm: Data Intensive Scientific Discovery 2009, p284. Microsoft Research. T. Hey, S. Tansley, K. Tolle (Eds.).
96. Hutley L.B., O'Grady A.P., Eamus D. Evapotranspiration from Eucalypt open-forest savanna of Northern Australia. Funct. Ecol. 2000, 14(2):183-194.
97. Ibrom A., Dellwik E., Jensen N.O., Klyvbjerg H., Pilegaard K. Strong low-pass filtering effects on water vapour flux measurements with closed-path eddy correlation systems. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2007, 147:140-156.
98. Irvine J., Law B.E., Kurpius M.R., Anthoni P.M., Moore D., Schwartz P.A. Age-related changes in ecosystem structure and function and effects on water and carbon exchange in ponderosa pine. Tree Physiol. 2004, 24:753-763.
99. 2 exchange from Dutch grasslands. Biogeosciences 2007, 4:803-816.
100. Jarvis P.G., Massheder J.M., Hale S.E., Moncrieff J.B., Rayment M., Scott S.L. Seasonal variation of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy exchanges of a boreal black spruce forest. J. Geophys. Res. 1997, 102(D24):28953-28966.
101. Jassal R.S., Black T.A., Novak M.D., Gaumont-Guay D., Nesic Z. Effect of soil water stress on soil respiration and its temperature sensitivity in an 18-year-old temperate Douglas-fir stand. Global Change Biol. 2008, 14(6):1305-1318.
102. Jung M., Reichstein M., Bondeau A. Towards global empirical upscaling of FLUXNET eddy covariance observations: validation of a model tree ensemble approach using a biosphere model. Biogeosciences 2009, 6:2001-2013.
103. Jung M., Reichstein M., Ciais P., Senevirante S.I., Sheffield J., Goulden M.L., Bonan G., Cescatti A., Chen J., de Jeu R., Dolman A.J., Eugster W., Gerten D., gianelle D., Gobon N., Heinke J., Kimball J.S., Law B.E., Montagnani L., Mu Q., Mueller B., Oleson K.W., Papale D., Richardson A.D., Roupsard O., Running S.W., Tomelleri E., Viovy N., Weber U., Williams C.A., Wood E.F., Zaehle S., Zhang K. A recent decline in the global land evapotranspiration trend due to limited moisture supply. Nature 2011, 467:951-954.
104. Kanda M., Inagaki A., Letzel M.O., Raasch S., Watanabe T. LES study of the energy imbalance problem with eddy covariance fluxes. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 2004, 110:381-404.
105. Kanemasu E.T., Verma S.B., Smith E.A., Fritschen L.Y., Wesley M., Fild R.T., Kustas W.P., Weaver H., Steawart Y.B., Geney R., Panin G.N., Moncrieff J.B. Surface flux measurements in FIFE: an overview. J. Geophys. Res. 1992, 97:18547-18555.
106. 2 flux measurements. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 2010, 136(2):193-218.
107. Kim J., Lee D., Hong J., Kang S., Kim S.-J., Moon S.-K., Lim J.-H., Son Y., Lee J., Kim S., Woo N., Kim K., Lee B., Lee B.-L., Kim S. HydroKorea and CarboKorea: cross-scale studies of ecohydrology and biogeochemistry in a heterogeneous and complex forest catchment of Korea. Ecol. Res. 2006, 21(6):881-889.
108. Knohl A., Schulze E.-D., Kolle O., Buchmann N. Large carbon uptake by an unmanaged 250-year-old deciduous forest in Central Germany. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2003, 118:151-167.
109. Koitzsch R., Dzingel M., Foken T., Mücket G. Probleme der experimentellen Erfassung des Energieastausches über Winterweizen. Zeitschrift für Meteorologie 1988, 38:150-155.
110. Kurbatova J., Arneth A., Vygodskaya N.N., Kolle O., Varlargin A.V., Milyukova I.M., Tchebakova N.M., Schulze E.-D., Lloyd J. Comparative ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of energy and mass in a European Russian and a central Siberian bog I. Interseasonal and interannual variability of energy and latent heat fluxes during the snowfree period. Tellus B 2002, 54(5):497-513.
111. Kurbatova J., Li C., Varlagin A.B., Xiao X., Vygodskaya N.N. Modeling carbon dynamics in two adjacent spruce forests with different soil conditions in Russia. Biogeosciences 2008, 5:969-980.
112. Kutsch W.L., Aubinet M., Buchmann N., Smith P., Osborne B., Eugster W., Wattenbach M., Schrumpf M., Schulze E.D., Tomelleri E., Ceschia E., Bernhofer C., Beziat P., Carrara A., Di Tommasi P., Grunwald T., Jones M., Magliulo V., Marloie O., Moureaux C., Olioso A., Sanz M.J., Saunders M., S√∏gaard H., Ziegler W. The net biome production of full crop rotations in Europe. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 2010, 139(3):336-345.
113. Lafleur P.M., Roulet N.T., Bubier J.L., Moore T.R., Frolking S. Interannual variability in the peatland-atmosphere carbon dioxide exchange at an ombrotrophic bog. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 2003, 17:1036.
114. 2 fluxes of three Northern forests based on long-term eddy covariance data. Tellus B 2008, 60(2):143-152.
115. Laville P., Jambert C., Cellier P., Delmas R. Nitrous oxide fluxes from a fertilised maize crop using micrometeorological and chamber methods. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 1999, 96(1-3):19-38.
116. Law B.E., Falge E., Gu L., Baldocchi D.D., Bakwin P., Berbigier P., Davis K., Dolman A.J., Falk M., Fuentes J.D., Goldstein A., Granier A., Grelle A., Hollinger D., Janssens I.A., Jarvis P., Jensen N.O., Katul G., Mahli Y., Matteucci G., Meyers T., Monson R., Munger W., Oechel W., Olson R., Pilegaard K., Paw K.T., Thorgeirsson H., Valentini R., Verma S., Vesala T., Wilson K., Wofsy S. Environmental controls over carbon dioxide and water vapor exchange of terrestrial vegetation. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2002, 113(1-4):97-120.
117. Law B.E., Goldstein A.H., Anthoni P.M., Unsworth M.H., Panek J.A., Bauer M.R., Fracheboud J.M., Hultman N. Carbon dioxide and water vapor exchange by young and old ponderosa pine ecosystems during a dry summer. Tree Physiol. 2001, 21(5):299-308.
118. Lee H.C., Hong J., Cho C.H., Choi B.C., Oh S.N., Kim J. Surface exchange of energy and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and a farmland in Haeman, Korea. Korean J. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2003, 5:61-69.
119. Leuning R., van Gorsel E., Massman W.J., Issac P.R. Reflections on the surface energy imbalance problem. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2012, 156:65-74.
120. 2 within a forest canopy. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2008, 148:1777-1797.
121. Li Z.Q., Yu G.R., Wen X.F., Zhang L.M., Ren C.Y., Fu Y.L. Energy balance closure at ChinaFLUX sites. Sci. China Ser. D-Earth Sci. 2005, 48:51-62.
122. Light A., Bartlein P.J. The end of the rainbow? Color schemes for improved data graphics. Eos Trans. AGU 2004, 85(40).
123. Lindroth A., Molder M., Lagergren F. Heat storage in forest biomass improves energy balance closure. Biogeosciences 2009, 7:301-313.
124. 2 on soil microbial biomass, activity, and diversity in a chaparral ecosystem. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2005, 71(12):8573-8580.
125. Liu C., Zhang Z., Sun G., Zha T., Zhu J., Shen L., Chen J., Fang X., Chen J. Quantifying evapotranspiration and biophysical regulations of a poplar plantation assessed by eddy covariance and sap-flow methods. J. Plant Ecol. (Chinese Version) 2009, 33(4):706-718.
126. Liu H., Randerson J.T., Lindfors J., Chapin F.S. Changes in the surface energy budget after fire in boreal ecosystems of interior Alaska: an annual perspective. J. Geophys. Res. 2005, 110(D13):D13101.
127. 2 balance of a temperate bog. Tellus B 2007, 59:804-811.
128. Ma S., Baldocchi D.D., Xu L., Hehn T. Inter-annual variability in carbon dioxide exchange of an oak/grass savanna and open grassland in California. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2007, 147(3-4):157-171.
129. Mahrt L. Computing turbulent fluxes near the surface: needed improvements. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2010, 150:501-509.
130. Malhi Y., Nobre A.D., Grace J., Kruijt B., Pereira M.G.P., Culf A., Scott S. Carbon dioxide transfer over a central Amazonian rain forest. J. Geophys. Res. 1998, 103(D24):31593-31612.
131. Marcolla B., Cescatti A., Manca G., Zorer R., Cavagna M., Fiora A., Gianelle D., Rodeghiero M., Sottocornola M., Zampedri R. Climatic controls and ecosystem responses drive the inter-annual variability of the net ecosystem exchange of an alpine meadow. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2011, 151:1233-1243.
132. 2 exchanges of an alpine forest. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2005, 130:193-206.
133. Maselli F., Barbati A., Chiesi M., Chirici G., Corona P. Use of remotely sensed and ancillary data for estimating forest gross primary productivity in Italy. Remote Sens. Environ. 2006, 100(4):563-575.
134. Maselli F., Chiesi M., Moriondo M., Fibbi L., Bindi M., Running S.W. Modelling the forest carbon budget of a Mediterranean region through the integration of ground and satellite data. Ecol. Modell. 2009, 220(3):330-342.
135. Matese A., Alberti G., Gioli B., Toscano P., Vaccari F.P., Zaldei A. Compact_Eddy: a compact, low consumption remotely controlled eddy covariance logging system. Comput. Electron. Agric. 2008, 64(2):343-346.
136. Mauder M., Desjardins R.L., MacPherson I. Scale analysis of airborne flux measurements over heterogeneous terrain in a boreal ecosystem. J. Geophys. Res. 2007, 112:D13112.
137. Mauder M., Desjardins R.L., Pattey E., Worth D. An attempt to close the daytime surface energy balance using spatially-averaged flux measurements. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 2010, 136:175-191.
138. Mauder M., Foken T. Impact of post-field data processing on eddy covariance flux estimates and energy balance closure. Meteorologische Zeitschrift 2006, 15(6):597-609.
139. Mauder M., Jegede O.O., Okogbue E.C., Wimmer F., Foken T. Surface energy flux measurements at a tropical site in West-Africa during the transition from dry to wet season. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 2007, 89:171-183.
140. Mauder M., Liebethal C., Göckede M., Leps J.-P., Beyrich F., Foken T. Processing and quality control of flux data during LITFASS-2003. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 2006, 121:67-88.
141. 2 exchange using eddy covariance data: some perils and pitfalls. Tree Physiol. 2005, 25:839-857.
142. Meyers T.P., Hollinger S.E. An assessment of storage terms in the surface energy balance of maize and soybean. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2004, 125(1-2):105-115.
143. Miao H., Chen S., Chen J., Zhang W., Zhang P., Wei L., Han X., Lin G. Cultivation and grazing altered evapotranspiration and dynamics in Inner Mongolia steppes. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2009, 149(11):1810-1819.
144. Migliavacca M., Meroni M., Manca G., Matteucci G., Montagnani L., Grassi G., Zenone T., Teobaldelli M., Goded I., Colombo R., Seufert G. Seasonal and interannual patterns of carbon and water fluxes of a poplar plantation under peculiar eco-climatic conditions. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2009, 149(9):1460-1476.
145. Moderow U., Aubinet M., Feigenwinter C., Kolle O., Lindroth A., Mölder M., Montagnani L., Rebmann C., Bernhofer C. Available energy and energy balance closure at four coniferous sites across Europe. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 2009, 98:397-412.
146. Moderow U., Feigenwinter C., Bernhofer C. Non-turbulent fluxes of carbon dioxide and sensible heat-a comparison of three forested sites. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2011, 151(6):692-708.
147. Moncrieff J.B., Mahli Y., Leuning R. The propagation of errors in long-term measurements of land-atmosphere fluxes of carbon and water. Global Change Biol. 1996, 2:231-240.
148. Monson R.K., Turnipseed A.A., Sparks J.P., Harley P.C., Scott-Denton L.E., Sparks K., Huxman T.E. Carbon sequestration in a high-elevation, subalpine forest. Global Change Biol. 2002, 8(5):459-478.
149. Moors E.J., Jacobs C., Jans W., Supit I., Kutsch W.L., Bernhofer C., Béziat P., Buchmann N., Carrara A., Ceschia E., Elbers J., Eugster W., Kruijt B., Loubet B., Magliulo E., Moureaux C., Olioso A., Saunders M., Soegaard H. Variability in carbon exchange of European croplands. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 2010, 139(3):325-335.
150. Morgenstern K., Black T.A., Humphreys E.R., Griffis T.J., Drewitt G.B., Cai T.B., Nesic Z., Spittlehouse D.L., Livingstone N.J. Sensitivity and uncertainty of the carbon balance of a Pacific Northwest Douglas-fir forest during an El Niño/La Niña cycle. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2004, 123(3-4):201-219.
151. Moureaux C., Debacq A., Bodson B., Heinesch B., Aubinet M. Annual net ecosystem carbon exchange by a sugar beet crop. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2006, 139(1-2):25-39.
152. Nagy Z., Czóbel S., Balogh J., Horváth L., Fóti S., Pintér K., Weidinger T., Csintalan Z., Tuba Z. Some preliminary results of the Hungarian grassland ecological research: carbon cycling and greenhouse gas balances under changing. Cereal Res. Commun. 2005, 33(1):279-281.
153. Nakai T., van der Molen M.K., Gash J.H.C., Kodama Y. Correction of sonic anemometer angle of attack errors. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2006, 136:19-30.
154. Nardino M., Georgiadis T., Rossi F., Ponti F., Miglietta F., Magliulo V. Primary productivity and evapotranspiration of a mixed forest. Congress CNR-I.S.A. Fo 2002.
155. Noormets A., Chen J., Crow T. Age-dependent changes in ecosystem carbon fluxes in managed forests in northern Wisconsin, USA. Ecosystems 2007, 10(2):187-203.
156. Noormets A., Gavazzi M.J., McNulty S.G., Domec J.-C., Sun G.E., King J.S., Chen J. Response of carbon fluxes to drought in a coastal plain loblolly pine forest. Global Change Biol. 2010, 16(1):272-287.
157. Oncley S., Foken T., Vogt R., Kohsiek W., DeBruin H., Bernhofer C., Christen A., Gorsel E., Grantz D., Feigenwinter C., Lehner I., Liebethal C., Liu H., Mauder M., Pitacco A., Ribeiro L., Weidinger T. The Energy Balance Experiment EBEX-2000 Part I: overview and energy balance. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 2007, 123(1):1-28.
158. Oren R., Hsieh C.I., Stoy P.C., Albertson J.D., McCarthy H.R., Harrell P., Katul G.G. Estimating the uncertainty in annual net ecosystem carbon exchange: spatial variation in turbulent fluxes and sampling errors in eddy-covariance measurements. Global Change Biol. 2006, 12:883-896.
159. Owen K.E., Tenhunen J., Reichstein M., Wang Q., Falge E., Geyer R., Xiao X., Stoy P.C., Amman C., Arain A., Aubinet M., Aurela M., Bernhofer C., Chojnicki B., Granier A., Gruenwald T., Hadley J., Heinesch B., Hollinger D., Knohl A., Kutsch W., Laurila T., Lohila A., Meyers T., Moors E., Moureaux C., Verma S., Vesala T., Vogel C.S. Linking flux network measurements to continental scale simulations: ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange capacity under non-water-stressed conditions. Global Change Biol. 2007, 13:734-760.
160. Panin G.N., Bernhofer C. Parameterization of turbulent flux over inhomogeneous landscapes. Atmosph. Oceanic Phys. 2008, 44:701-716.
161. Panin G.N., Tetzlaff G., Raabe A. Inhomogeneity of the land surface and problems in the parameterization of surface fluxes in natural conditions. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 1998, 60:163-178.
162. Papale D., Reichstein M., Aubinet M., Canfora E., Bernhofer C., Kutsch W., Longdoz B., Rambal S., Valentini R., Vesala T., Yakir D. Towards a standardized processing of Net Ecosystem Exchange measured with eddy covariance technique: algorithms and uncertainty estimation. Biogeosciences 2006, 3:571-583.
163. Peichl M., Arain M.A. Allometry and partitioning of above- and belowground tree biomass in an age-sequence of white pine forests. Forest Ecol. Manag. 2007, 253(1-3):68-80.
164. Peichl M., Leahy P., Kiely G. Six-year stable annual uptake of carbon dioxide in intensively managed humid temperate grassland. Ecosystems 2011, 14(1):112-126.
165. Pejam M.R., Arain M.A., Mccaughey J.H. Energy and water vapour exchanges over a mixedwood boreal forest in Ontario Canada. Hydrol. Process. 2006, 20(17):3709-3724.
166. Pereira J.S., Mateus J.A., Aires L.M., Pita G., Pio C., David J.S., Andrade V., Banza J., David T.S., Paco T.A., Rodrigues A. Net ecosystem carbon exchange in three contrasting Mediterranean ecosystems? The effect of drought. Biogeosciences 2007, 4:791-802.
167. 2 eddy-flux measurements over a Danish beech forest. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2001, 107(1):29-41.
168. Powell T.L., Bracho R., Li J., Dore S., Hinkle C.R., Drake B.G. Environmental controls over net ecosystem carbon exchange of scrub oak in central Florida. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2006, 141(1):19-34.
169. 2 flux from a Quercus ilex mediterranean forest. Global Change Biol. 2004, 10:1460-1469.
170. Reichstein M., Falge E., Baldocchi D., Papale D., Aubinet M., Berbigier P., Bernhofer C., Buchmann N., Gilmanov T.G., Granier A., Grünwald T., Havránková K., Ilvesniemi H., Janous D., Knohl A., Laurila T., Lohila A., Loustau D., Matteucci G., Meyers T., Miglietta F., Ourcival J.-M., Pumpanen J., Rambal S., Rotenberg E., Sanz M., Tenhunen J., Seufert G., Vaccari F., Vesala T., Yakier D., Valentini R. On the separation of net ecosystem exchange into assimilation and ecosystem respiration: review and improved algorithm. Global Change Biol. 2005, 11:1424-1439.
171. Reichstein M., Rey A., Freibauer A., Tenhunen J., Valentini R., Banza J., Casals P., Cheng Y., Grçnzweig J.M., Irvine J., Joffre R., Law B.E., Loustau D., Miglietta F., Oechel W., Ourcival J.-M., Pereira J.S., Peressotti A., Ponti F., Qi Y., Rambal S., Rayment M., Romanya J., Rossi F., Tedeschi V., Tirone G., Xu M., Yakir D. Modeling temporal and large-scale spatial variability of soil respiration from soil water availability, temperature and vegetation productivity indices. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 2003, 17(4):1104.
172. 2O fluxes at three Mediterranean evergreen sites: revision of current hypotheses?. Global Change Biol. 2002, 8(10):999-1017.
173. Rey A., Pegoraro E., Tedeschi V., De Parri I., Jarvis P.G., Valentini R. Annual variation in soil respiration and its components in a coppice oak forest in Central Italy. Global Change Biol. 2002, 8(9):851-866.
174. Ruppert J., Thomas C., Foken T. Scalar similarity for relaxed eddy accumulation. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 2006, 120:39-63.
175. Saito M., Miyata A., Nagai H., Yamada T. Seasonal variation of carbon dioxide exchange in rice paddy field in Japan. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2005, 135(1-4):93-109.
176. Saleska S.R., Miller S.D., Matross D.M., Goulden M., Wofsy S., da Rocha H.R., de Camargo P.B., Crill P., Daube B.C., de Freitas H.C., Hutyra L., Keller M., Kirchhoff V., Menton M., Munger J.W., Pyle E.H., Rice A.H., Silva H. Carbon in amazon forests: unexpected seasonal fluxes and disturbance-induced losses. Science 2003, 302:1554-1557.
177. Sanchez J.M., Caselles V., Rubio E.M. Analysis of the energy balance closure over a FLUXNET boreal forest in Finland. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 2010, 14:1487-1497.
178. 2 and energy fluxes from three mediterranean ecosystems. Geophys. Res. Abstr. 2004, 6:3239.
179. 2 and energy fluxes over a mixed hardwood forest in the mid-western United States. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2000, 103(4):357-374.
180. Scott R.L., Hamerlynck E.P., Jenerette G.D., Moran M.S., Barron-Gafford G.A. Carbon dioxide exchange in a semidesert grassland through drought-induced vegetation change. J. Geophys. Res. 2010, 115(G3):G03026.
181. Scott R.L., Jenerette G.D., Potts D.L., Huxman T.E. Effects of seasonal drought on net carbon dioxide exchange from a woody-plant-encroached semiarid grassland. J. Geophys. Res. 2009, 114:G04004.
182. Serrano-Ortiz P., Kowalski A., Domingo F., Rey A., Pegoraro E., Villagarcía L., Alados-Arboledas L. Variations in daytime net carbon and water exchange in a montane shrubland ecosystem in southeast Spain. Photosynthetica 2007, 45(1):30-35.
183. Shannon C.E. A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Techn. J. 1948, 27. 379-423; 623-656.
184. Shen S., Leclerc M.Y. How large must surface inhomogeneities be before they influence the convective boundary layer structure?. A case study. Quart. J. Royal Meteorol. Soc. 1995, 121(526):1209-1228.
185. Skiba U., Drewer J., Tang Y.S., van Dijk N., Helfter C., Nemitz E., Famulari D., Cape J.N., Jones S.K., Twigg M., Pihlatie M., Vesala T., Larsen K.S., Carter M.S., Ambus P., Ibrom A., Beier C., Hensen A., Frumau A., Erisman J.W., Brüggemann N., Gasche R., Butterbach-Bahl K., Neftel A., Spirig C., Horvath L., Freibauer A., Cellier P., Laville P., Loubet B., Magliulo E., Bertolini T., Seufert G., Andersson M., Manca G., Laurila T., Aurela M., Lohila A., Zechmeister-Boltenstern S., Kitzler B., Schaufler G., Siemens J., Kindler R., Flechard C., Sutton M.A. Biosphere-atmosphere exchange of reactive nitrogen and greenhouse gases at the NitroEurope core flux measurement sites: measurement strategy and first data sets. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 2009, 133:139-149.
186. Soegaard H., Jensen N.O., Boegh E., Hasager C.B., Schelde K., Thomsen A. Carbon dioxide exchange over agricultural landscape using eddy correlation and footprint modelling. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2003, 114(3-4):153-173.
187. 2 fluxes near a forest edge: a numerical study. Ecol. Appl. 2008, 18:1454-1469.
188. 4) budget of nine European grassland sites. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. 2007, 121:121-134.
189. 2 advection. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2004, 122:139-156.
190. Steinfeld G., Letzel M.O., Raasch S., Kanda M., Inagaki A. Spatial representativeness of single tower measurements and the imbalance problem with eddy-covariance fluxes: results of a large-eddy simulation study. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 2007, 123:77-98.
191. 2 in relation to climate: a cross-biome analysis across multiple time scales. Biogeosciences 2009, 6:2297-2312.
192. Suni T., Rinne J., Reissell A., Altimir N., Keronen P., Rannik U., Dal Maso M., Kulmala M., Vesala T. Long-term measurements of surface fluxes above a Scots pine forest in Hyytiala, southern Finland, 1996-2001. Boreal Environ. Res. 2003, 8:287-301.
193. Tedeschi V., Rey A.N.A., Manca G., Valentini R., Jarvis P.G., Borghetti M. Soil respiration in a Mediterranean oak forest at different developmental stages after coppicing. Global Change Biol. 2006, 12(1):110-121.
194. Teklemariam T., Staebler R.M., Barr A.G. Eight years of carbon dioxide exchange above a mixed forest at Borden. Ontario. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2009, 149:2040-2053.
195. Thum T., Aalto T., Laurila T., Aurela M., Kolari P., Hari P. Parametrization of two photosynthesis models at the canopy scale in a northern boreal Scots pine forest. Tellus B 2007, 59(5):874-890.
196. Tirone G., Dore S., Matteucci G., Greco S., Valentini R. Evergreen mediterranean forests: carbon and water fluxes, balances, ecological and ecophysiological determinants. Fluxes of Carbon, Water and Energy of European Forests 2003, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. R. Valentini (Ed.).
197. Tsvang L.R., Federov M.M., ader B.A., Zubkovskii S.L., Foken T., Richter S.H., Zeleny J. Turbulent exchange over a surface with chessboard-type inhomogeneities. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 1991, 55:141-160.
198. Twine T.E., Kustas W.P., Norman J.M., Cook D.R., Houser P.R., Meyers T.P., Prueger J.H., Starks P.J., Wesely M.L. Correcting eddy-covariance flux underestimates over a grassland. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2000, 103(3):279-300.
199. Valentini R., De Angelis P., Matteucci G., Monaco R., Dore S., Mucnozza G.E.S. Seasonal net carbon dioxide exchange of a beech forest with the atmosphere. Global Change Biol. 1996, 2(3):199-207.
200. Valentini R., Matteucci G., Dolman A.J., Schulze E.D., Rebmann C., Moors E.J., Granier A., Gross P., Jensen N.O., Pilegaard K., Lindroth A., Grelle A., Bernhofer C., Grunwald T., Aubinet M., Ceulemans R., Kowalski A.S., Vesala T., Rannik U., Berbigier P., Loustau D., Guomundsson J., Thorgeirsson H., Ibrom A., Morgenstern K., Clement R., Moncrieff J., Montagnani L., Minerbi S., Jarvis P.G. Respiration as the main determinant of carbon balance in European forests. Nature 2000, 404(6780):861-865.
201. Veenendaal E.M., Kolle O., Lloyd J. Seasonal variation in energy fluxes and carbon dioxide exchange for a broad-leaved semi-arid savanna (Mopane woodland) in Southern Africa. Global Change Biol. 2004, 10(3):318-328.
202. 2, water vapor, and sensible heat over a deciduous forest. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 1986, 36(1):71-91.
203. Verma S.B., Dobermann A., Cassman K.G. Annual carbon dioxide exchange in irrigated and rainfed maize-based agroecosystems. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2005, 131:77-96.
204. 2 flux sampling errors for tower measurements over forests in the convective boundary layer. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2009, 149(1):73-83.
205. Voronovich V., Kiely G. On the gap in the spectra of surface-layer atmospheric turbulence. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 2007, 122(1):67-83.
206. 2 and energy fluxes of an Alaskan tussock tundra ecosystem. Ecology 1999, 80:686-701.
207. 2 exchange at half-hour and month scales over Stipa krylovii steppe in northern China. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2008, 148(5):714-722.
208. Wilkinson M., Eaton E.L., Broadmeadow M.S.J., Morison J.I.L. Inter-annual variation of carbon uptake by a plantation oak woodland in south-eastern England. Biogeosci. Discuss. 2012, 9:9667-9710.
209. Wilske B., Lu N., Wei L., Chen S., Zha T., Liu C., Xu W., Noormets A., Huang J., Wei Y., Chen J., Zhang Z., Ni J., Sun G., Guo K., McNulty S., John R., Han X., Lin G., Chen J. Poplar plantation has the potential to alter the water balance in semiarid Inner Mongolia. J. Environ. Manag. 2009, 90(8):2762-2770.
210. Wilson K., Goldstein A., Falge E., Aubinet M., Baldocchi D., Berbigier P., Bernhofer C., Ceulemans R., Dolman H., Field C., Grelle A., Ibrom A., Law B.E., Kowalski A., Meyers T., Moncrieff J., Monson R., Oechel W., Tenhunen J., Valentini R., Verma S. Energy balance closure at FLUXNET sites. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2002, 113:223-243.
211. Wilson T.B., Meyers T.P. Determining vegetation indices from solar and photosynthetically active radiation fluxes. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2007, 144:160-179.
212. Wohlfahrt G., Hammerle A., Haslwanter A., Bahn M., Tappeiner U., Cernusca A. Seasonal and inter-annual variability of the net ecosystem CO2 exchange of a temperate mountain grassland: effects of weather and management. J. Geophys. Res. 2008, 113(D8):D08110.
213. Yan Y., Zhao B.I.N., Chen J., Guo H., Gu Y., Wu Q., Li B.O. Closing the carbon budget of estuarine wetlands with tower-based measurements and MODIS time series. Global Change Biol. 2008, 14(7):1690-1702.
214. Yu G.-R., Wen X.-F., Sun X.-M., Tanner B.D., Lee X., Chen J.-Y. Overview of ChinaFLUX and evaluation of its eddy covariance measurement. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2006, 137(3-4):125-137.
215. Zhang W.L., Chen S.P., Chen J., Wei L., Han X.G., Lin G.H. Biophysical regulations of carbon fluxes of a steppe and a cultivated cropland in semiarid Inner Mongolia. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 2007, 146(3-4):216-229.