Drag coefficient and turbulence intensity in conifer canopies

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology

Volumn 121, Issue 3-4, 2004, Pages 197-206

  Cescatti, A ^a   Marcolla, B ^a,b  

^a CENTRO DI ECOLOGIA ALPINA   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TRENTO   (Italy)

Author keywords

Aerodynamic characteristics; Canopy architecture; Drag coefficient; Momentum flux; Turbulence statisticsa

Indexed keywords

AERODYNAMICS; CANOPY; DRAG COEFFICIENT; FOREST; TURBULENCE; WIND VELOCITY;

AERODYNAMICS; CONIFEROUS FOREST; DRAG COEFFICIENT; FOREST CANOPY; TURBULENCE; WIND VELOCITY;

ALPS; EURASIA; EUROPE;

CONIFEROPHYTA;

EID: 0842289722     PISSN: 01681923     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2003.08.028     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Amiro B.D. Drag coefficients and turbulence spectra within three boreal forest canopies. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 52:1990;227-246.
2. Aubinet M., Grelle A., Ibrom A., Rannik Ü., Moncrieff J., Foken T., Kowalski A.S., Martin P.H., Berbigier P., Bernhofer Ch., Clement R., Elbers J., Granier A., Grünwald T., Morgenstern K., Pilegaard K., Rebmann C., Snijders W., Valentini R., Vesala T. Estimates of the annual net carbon and water exchange of forests, the EUROFLUX methodology. Adv. Ecol. Res. 30:2000;113-175.
3. Ayotte K.W., Finnigan J.J., Raupach M.R. A second-order closure for neutrally stratified vegetative canopy flows. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 90:1999;189-216.
4. Baldocchi D.D., Meyers T.P. Turbulence structure in a deciduous forest. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 43:1988;345-364.
5. Baldocchi D., Meyers T. On using eco-physiological, micrometeorological and biogeochemical theory to evaluate carbon dioxide, water vapour and trace gas fluxes over vegetation: a perspective. Agric. For. Meteorol. 90:1998;1-26.
6. Brunet Y., Finningan J., Raupach M. A wind tunnel study of air flow in waving wheatsingle point velocity statistics. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 70:1994;95-132.
7. Campbell, G.S., Norman, J.M., 1989. The description and measurement of plant canopy structure. In: Russell, G. (Ed.), Plant Canopies: Their Growth, Form and Function. Cambridge University Press, London, pp. 1-19.
8. Chen J.M., Black T.A. Defining leaf area index for non-flat leaves. Plant Cell Environ. 15:1992;421-429.
9. Finnigan J. Turbulence in waving wheat. II. Structure of momentum transfer. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 84:1979;213-236.
10. Finnigan J. Turbulence in plant canopies. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 32:2000;519-571.
11. Garratt, J.R., 1994. The Atmospheric Boundary Layer. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 316 pp.
12. Katul G., Albertson J.D. An investigation of higher order closure models for a forested canopy. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 89:1998;47-74.
13. Leuning R., Denmead O.T., Miyata A., Kim J. Source/sink distribution of heat, water vapour, carbon dioxide and methane in a rice canopy estimated using Lagrangian dispersion analysis. Agric. For. Meteorol. 104:2000;233-249.
14. Marcolla B., Pitacco A., Cescatti A. Canopy architecture and turbulence structure in a coniferous forest. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 108:2003;39-59.
15. Massman W.J. An analytical one-dimensional model of momentum transfer by vegetation of arbitrary structure. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 83:1997;407-421.
16. Meyers T., Paw U K.T. Testing a higher order closure model for modelling airflow within and above plant canopies. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 37:1986;297-311.
17. Moncrieff J.B., Massheder J.M., de Bruin H., Elbers J., Friborg T., Heusinkveld B., Kabat P., Sogaard H., Verhoef A. A system to measure surface fluxes of momentum, sensible heat, water vapour and carbon dioxide. J. Hydrol. 188-189:1997;589-611.
18. Nilson T. A theoretical analysis of the frequency of gaps in plant stands. Agric. For. Meteorol. 8:1971;25-38.
19. Pinard J.P., Wilson J.D. First- and second-order closure models for wind in a plant canopy. J. Appl. Meteorol. 40:2001;1762-1768.
20. Rannik U., Aubinet M., Kurbanmuradov O., Sabelfeld K.K., Markkanen T., Vesala T. Footprint analysis for the measurements over a heterogeneous forest. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 97:2000;137-166.
21. Raupach M.R. Applying Lagrangian fluid mechanics to infer scalar source distributions from concentration profiles in plant canopies. Agric. For. Meteorol. 47:1989;85-108.
22. Raupach M.R., Thom A.S. Turbulence in and above plant canopies. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 13:1981;97-129.
23. Raupach M.R., Finningan J.J., Brunet Y. Coherent eddies and turbulence in vegetation canopies: the mixing-layer analogy. Bound.-Layer Meteorol. 78:1996;351-382.
24. Shaw R.H. Secondary wind maxima inside plant canopies. J. Appl. Meteorol. 16:1977;514-521.
25. Thom A.S. Momentum absorption by vegetation. Quart. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 97:1971;414-428.
26. Valentini R., Matteucci G., Dolman A.J., Schulze E.D., Rebman C., Moors E.J., Granier A., Gross P., Jensen N.O., Pilegaard K., Lindroth A., Grelle A., Bernhofer C., Grünwald T., Aubinet M., Ceulemans R., Kowalski A.S., Vesala T., Rannik U., Berbigier P., Loustau D., Gudmundsson J., Thorgeirsson H., Ibrom A., Morgenstern K., Clement R., Moncrieff J., Montagnani L., Minerbi S., Jarvis P.G. Respiration as the main determinant of carbon balance in European forests. Nature. 404:2000;861-865.
27. Wilson N.R., Shaw R.H. A higher order closure model for canopy flow. J. Appl. Meteorol. 16:1977;1197-1205.