Healthy effects exerted by prebiotics, probiotics, and symbiotics with special reference to their impact on the immune system

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research

Volumn 82, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 200-208

  Jirillo, Emilio ^a   Jirillo, Felicita ^a   Magrone, Thea ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BARI   (Italy)

Author keywords

Aging; Inflammation; Prebiotics; Probiotics; Symbiotics

Indexed keywords

CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN 4; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 12; INTERLEUKIN 1ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 6; INTERLEUKIN 8; MICROBIAL PRODUCTS NOT CLASSIFIED ELSEWHERE; PREBIOTIC AGENT; PROBIOTIC AGENT; PROGRAMMED DEATH 1 RECEPTOR; SYMBIOTIC AGENT; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 2; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

AGING; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ARTICLE; ATOPIC DERMATITIS; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; BIFIDOBACTERIUM ANIMALIS; BIFIDOBACTERIUM LONGUM; COLON FLORA; CROHN DISEASE; DISEASE SEVERITY; ENTERITIS; ESCHERICHIA COLI; FUSOBACTERIA; HUMAN; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IMMUNOSTIMULATION; INFLAMMATION; INTESTINE EPITHELIUM; INTESTINE FLORA; INTESTINE MUCOSA; LACTOBACILLUS FERMENTUM; LACTOBACILLUS GASSERI; OBESITY; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REMISSION; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; DIET; HEALTH PROMOTION; IMMUNITY; INTESTINE; MICROBIOLOGY; NEOPLASM; REVIEW;

AGING; DIET; HEALTH PROMOTION; HUMANS; IMMUNITY; INFLAMMATION; INTESTINES; NEOPLASMS; PREBIOTICS; PROBIOTICS;

EID: 84874172336     PISSN: 03009831     EISSN: 16642821     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000112     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Quigley, E.M. (2010) Prebiotics and probiotics; modifying and mining the microbiota. Pharmacol. Res. 61, 213-8.
2. Qin, J ., Li, R ., Raes, J ., Arumugam. M ., Burgdorf, K.S ., Manichanh, C. et al. (2010) A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature 464, 59-65.
3. o'hara, A.M. and Shanahan, F. (2006) The gut flora as a forgotten organ. EMBO Rep. 7, 688-93.
4. Ventura, M., Turroni, F., Canchaya, C., Vaughan, E.E., O'Toole, P.W. and van Sinderen, D. (2009) Microbial diversity in the human intestine and novel insights from metagenomics. Front. Biosci. 14, 3214-21.
5. Brandtzaeg, P. (2010) Food allergy: separating the science from the mythology. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 7, 380-400.
6. Tiihonen, K ., Ouwehand, A.C. and Rautonen, N. (2010) Human intestinal microbiota and healthy ageing. Ageing Res. Rev. 9, 107-116.
7. Salvini, F ., Riva, E ., Salvatici, E ., Boehm, G ., Jelinek, J ., Banderali, G. et al. (2011) A specific prebiotic mixture added to starting infant formula has long-lasting bifidogenic effects. J. Nutr. 141, 1335-9.
8. Sanz, Y. (2011) Gut microbiota and probiotics in maternal and infant health. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 94, 2000-05S.
9. Kanauchi, O ., Mitsuyama, K. and Andoh, A. (2009) The therapeutic impact of manipulating microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease. Curr. Pharm. Des. 15, 2074-86.
10. Bezirtzoglou, E. and Stavropoulou, E. (2011) Immunology and probiotic impact of the newborn and young children intestinal microflora. Anaerobe 17, 369-74.
11. Roberfroid, M., Gibson, G.R., Hoyles, L., McCartney, A.L., Rastall, R., Rowland, I. et al. (2010) Prebiotic effects: metabolic and health benefits. Br. J. Nutr. 104, S1-S63.
12. Roberfroid, M.B. (2005) Introducing inulin-type fructans. Br. J. Nutr. 93, S13-25.
13. Meyer, D. and Stasse-Wolthuis, M. (2009) The bifidogenic effect of inulin and oligofructose and its consequences for gut health. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 63, 1277-89.
14. Zalán, Z ., Hudáek, J ., Tóth-Markus, M ., Husová, E ., Solichová, K ., Hegyi, F. et al. (2011) Sensorically and antimicrobially active metabolite production of Lactobacillus strains on Jerusalem artichoke juice. J. Sci. Food Agric. 91, 672-9.
15. Wang, Q. and Cui, J. (2009) A review on pharmic effect of chicory research and development. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 34, 2269-72.
16. Louis, P ., Scott, K.P ., Duncan, S.H. and Flint, H.J. (2007) Understanding the effects of diet on bacterial metabolism in the large intestine. J. Appl. Microbiol. 102, 1197-208.
17. Bosscher, D ., Breynaert, A ., Pieters, L. and Hermans, N. (2009) Food-based strategies to modulate the composition of the intestinal microbiota and their associated health effects. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 60, S5-11.
18. De Vuyst, L. and Leroy, F. (2011) Cross-feeding between bifidobacteria and butyrate-producing colon bacteria explains bifidobacterial competitiveness, butyrate production, and gas production. Int. J. Food. Microbiol. 149, 73-80.
19. Hijova, E. and Chmelarova, A. (2007) Short chain fatty acids and colonic health. Bratisl. Lek. Listy. 108, 354-8.
20. Scheppach, W ., Luehrs, H. and Menzel, T. (2001) Beneficial health effects of low-digestible carbohydrate consumption. Br. J. Nutr. 85, S23-30.
21. Bird, A.R ., Conlon, M.A ., Christophersen, C.T. and Topping, D.L. (2010) Resistant starch, large bowel fermentation and a broader perspective of prebiotics and probiotics. Benef. Microbes 1, 423-31.
22. Zampa, A., Silvi, S., Fabiani, R., Morozzi, G., Orpianesi, C. and Cresci, A. (2004) Effects of different digestible carbohydrates on bile acid metabolism and SCFA production by human gut micro-flora grown in an in vitro semi-continuous culture. Anaerobe 10, 19-26.
23. Tappenden, K.A. and Deutsch, A.S. (2007) The physiological relevance of the intestinal microbiota-contributions to human health. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 26, S679-83.
24. Kopp, R ., Fichter, M ., Assert, R ., Pfeiffer, A.F. and Classen, S. (2009) Butyrate-induced alterations of phosphoinositide metabolism, protein kinase C activity and reduced CD44 variant expression in HT-29 colon cancer cells. Int. J. Mol. Med. 23, 639-49.
25. Roelofsen, H ., Priebe, M.G. and Vonk, R.J. (2010) The interaction of short-chain fatty acids with adipose tissue: relevance for prevention of type 2 diabetes. Benef. Microbes 1, 433-7.
26. Wong, J.M ., de Souza, R ., Kendall, C.W ., Emam, A. and Jenkins, D.J. (2006) Colonic health: fermentation and short chain fatty acids. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 40, 235-43.
27. Hume, M.E. (2011) Historic perspective: prebiotics, probiotics, and other alternatives to antibiotics. Poult. Sci. 90, 2663-9.
28. Rijkers, G.T., Bengmark, S., Enck, P., Haller, D., Herz, U., Kalliomaki, M. et al. (2010) Guidance for substantiating the evidence for beneficial effects of probiotics: current status and recommendations for future research. J. Nutr. 140, S671-6.
29. Patel, R.M. and Lin, P.W. (2010) Developmental biology of gut-probiotic interaction. Gut Microbes 1, 186-95.
30. Pregliasco, F ., Anselmi, G ., Fonte, L ., Giussani, F ., Schieppati, S. and Soletti, L. (2008) A new chance of preventing winter diseases by the administration of symbiotic formulations. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 42, Suppl 3 Pt 2:S224-33.
31. Steed, H ., Macfarlane, G.T. and Macfarlane, S. (2008) Prebiotics, symbiotics and inflammatory bowel disease. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 52, 898-905.
32. Burrow, H ., Kanwar, R.K. and Kanwar, J.R. (2011) Antioxidant enzyme activities of iron-saturated bovine lactoferrin (Fe-bLf) in human gut epithelial cells under oxidative stress. Med. Chem. 7, 224-30.
33. Schwab, C. and Gänzle, M. (2011) Lactic acid bacteria fermentation of human milk oligosaccharide components, human milk oligosaccharides and galactooligosaccharides. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 315, 141-8.
34. Leenen, C.H. and Dieleman, L.A. (2007) Inulin and oligofructose in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. J. Nutr. 137, S2572-S75.
35. Ruemmele, F.M., Bier, D., Marteau, P., Rechkemmer, G., Bourdet-Sicard, R., Walker, W.A. et al. (2009) Clinical evidence for immunomodulatory effects of probiotic bacteria. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 48, 126-41.
36. Matricon, J., Barnich, N. and Ardid, D. (2010) Immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Self Nonself 1, 299-309.
37. Scharl, M. and Rogler, G. (2010) Microbial sensing by the intestinal epithelium in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Int. J. Inflam. 2010, 671258.
38. Wong, C.C ., Zhang, L ., Ren, S.X ., Shen, J ., Chan, R.L. and Cho, C.H. (2011) Antibacterial peptides and gastrointestinal diseases. Curr. Pharm. Des. 17, 1583-6.
39. Lewis, J.D. (2011) The utility of biomarkers in the diagnosis and therapy of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 140, 1817-1826.e2.
40. Sepehri, S., Khafipour, E ., Bernstein, C.N ., Coombes, B.K ., Pilar, A.V ., Karmali, M. et al. (2010) Characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from gut biopsies of newly diagnosed patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 17, 1451-63.
41. Wullaert, A. (2010) Role of NF-kappaB activation in intestinal immune homeostasis. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 300, 49-56.
42. Glocker, E. and Grimbacher, B. (2012) Inflammatory bowel disease: is it a primary immunodeficiency? Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 69, 41-8.
43. Abraham, C. and Medzhitov, R. (2011) Interactions between the host innate immune system and micro bes in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 140, 1729-37.
44. Casellas, F., Borruel, N., Torrejon, A., Varela, E., Antolin, M., Guarner, F. et al. (2007) Oral oligofructose- enriched inulin supplementation in acute ulcerative colitis is well tolerated and associated with lowered faecal calprotectin. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 25, 1061-7.
45. Lara-Villoslada, F ., de Haro, O ., Camuesco, D ., Comalada, M ., Velasco, J ., Zarzuelo, A. et al. (2006) Short-chain fructooligosaccharides, in spite of being fermented in the upper part of the large intestine, have anti-inflammatory activity in the TNBS model of colitis. Eur. J. Nutr. 45, 418-25.
46. Furrie, E ., Macfarlane, S ., Kennedy, A ., Cummings, J.H ., Walsh, S.V ., O'Neil, D.A. et al. (2005) Symbiotic therapy (Bifidobacterium longum/Synergy 1) initiates resolution of inflammation in patients with active ulcerative colitis: a randomised controlled pilot trial. Gut 54, 242-9.
47. Lindsay, J.O ., Whelan, K ., Stagg, A.J, Gobin, P ., Al- Hassi, H.O ., Rayment, N. et al. (2006) Clinical, microbiological, and immunological effects of fructooligosaccharide in patients with Crohn's disease. Gut 55, 348-55.
48. Neyrinck, A.M ., Possemiers, S ., Druart, C ., Van de Wiele, T ., De Backer, F ., Cani, P.D. et al. (2011) Prebiotic effects of wheat arabinoxylan related to the increase in bifidobacteria, Roseburia and Bacteroides/ Prevotella in diet-induced obese mice. PLoS One 6, e20944.
49. Chen, J.J ., Wang, R ., Li, X.F. and Wang, R.L. (2011) Bifidobacterium longum supplementation improved high-fat-fed-induced metabolic syndrome and promoted intestinal Reg I gene expression. Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) 236, 823-31.
50. Macfarlane, G.T. and Macfarlane, S. (2011) Fermentation in the human large intestine: its physiologic consequences and the potential contribution of prebiotics. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 45, S120-7.
51. Fulop, T ., Larbi, A ., Kotb, R ., de Angelis, F. and Pawelec, G. (2011) Aging, immunity, and cancer. Discov. Med. 11, 537-50.
52. Jirillo, E ., Candore, G ., Magrone, T. and Caruso, C. (2008) A scientific approach to anti-ageing therapies: state of the art. Curr. Pharm. Des. 14, 2637-42.
53. Henson, S.M ., Macaulay, R ., Kiani-Alikhan, S. and Akbar, A.N. (2008) The use of the inhibitory receptors for modulating the immune responses. Curr. Pharm. Des. 14, 2643-50.
54. Candore, G ., Caruso, C ., Jirillo, E ., Magrone, T. and Vasto, S. (2010) Low grade inflammation as a common pathogenetic denominator in age-related diseases: novel drug targets for anti-ageing strategies and successful ageing achievement. Curr. Pharm. Des. 16, 584-96.
55. Bartosch, S ., Woodmansey, E.J ., Paterson, J.C ., McMurdo. M.E. and Macfarlane, G.T. (2005) Microbiological effects of consuming a symbiotic containing Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium lactis, and oligofructose in elderly persons, determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and counting of viable bacteria. Clin. Infect. Dis. 40, 28-37.
56. Enck, P ., Zimmermann, K ., Rusch, K ., Schwiertz, A ., Klosterhalfen, S. and Frick, J.S. (2009) The effects of ageing on the colonic bacterial microflora in adults. Z. Gastroenterol. 47, 653-8.
57. Potrykus, J., White, R.L. and Bearne, SL. (2008) Proteomic investigation of amino acid catabolism in the indigenous gut anaerobe Fusobacterium varium. Proteomics. 8, 2691-703.
58. Smith, L.C. and Ratard, R. (2011) Clostridium difficile hospitalizations in Louisiana: a 10 year review. J. La. State Med. Soc. 163, 192-5.
59. He, F ., Ouwehand, A.C ., Isolauri, E ., Hosoda, M ., Benno, Y. and Salminen, S. (2001) Differences in composition and mucosal adhesion of bifidobacteria isolated from healthy adults and healthy seniors. Curr. Microbiol. 43, 351-4.
60. Meijerink, M. and Wells, J.M. (2010) Probiotic modulation of dendritic cells and T cell responses in the intestine. Benef. Microbes. 1, 317-26.
61. Yan, F. and Polk, D.B. (2011) Probiotics and immune health. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 27, 496-501.
62. Hatakka, K. and Saxelin, M. (2008) Probiotics in intestinal and non-intestinal infectious diseases-clinical evidence. Curr. Pharm. Des. 14, 1351-67.
63. Kawase, M ., He, F ., Kubota, A ., Hiramatsu, M ., Saito, H ., Ishii, T. et al. (2009) Effect of fermented milk prepared with two probiotic strains on Japanese cedar pollinosis in a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 128, 429-34.
64. Gupta, S. and Abu-Ghannam, N. (2012) Probiotic fermentation of plant based products: possibilities and opportunities. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 52, 183-99.
65. Hoang, B.X ., Shaw, G ., Pham, P. and Levine, S.A. (2010) Lactobacillus rhamnosus cell lysate in the management of resistant childhood atopic eczema. Inflamm. Allergy Drug Targets. 9, 192-6.
66. Vulevic, J., Drakoularakou, A., Yaqoob, P., Tzortzis, G. and Gibson, G.R. (2008) Modulation of the fecal microflora profile and immune function by a novel trans-galactooligosaccharide mixture (B-GOS) in healthy elderly volunteers. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 88, 1438-46.
67. Cevenini, E ., Caruso, C ., Candore, G ., Capri, M ., Nuzzo, D ., Duro, G. et al. (2010) Age-related inflammation: the contribution of different organs, tissues and systems. How to face it for therapeutic approaches. Curr. Pharm. Des. 16, 609-18.
68. Gill, H.S ., Rutherfurd, K.J ., Cross, M.L. and Gopal, P.K. (2001) Enhancement of immunity in the elderly by dietary supplementation with the probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis HN019. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 74, 833-9.
69. Amati, L., Marzulli, G., Martulli, M., Tafaro, A ., Jirillo, F ., Pugliese, V. et al. (2010) Donkey and goat milk intake and modulation of the human aged immune response. Curr. Pharm. Des. 16, 864-9.