Emotion dysregulation and emotional impulsivity among adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Results of a preliminary study

Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment

Volumn 34, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 510-519

  Mitchell, John T ^a   Robertson, Christopher D ^b   Anastopolous, Arthur D ^b   Nelson Gray, Rosemery O ^b   Kollins, Scott H ^a  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT GREENSBORO   (United States)

Author keywords

ADHD; Emotion dysregulation; Emotional impulsivity

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DEPRESSION; DSM-IV; EMOTIONALITY; FEMALE; HUMAN; IMPULSIVENESS; MALE; OPPOSITIONAL DEFIANT DISORDER; PILOT STUDY; REVIEW;

EID: 84874112184     PISSN: 08822689     EISSN: 15733505     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10862-012-9297-2     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. Anastopoulos, A. d., Smith, T. F., Garrett, M. E., Morrissey-Kane, E., Schatz, N. K., Sommer, J. L., et al. (2011). Self-regulation of emotion, functional impairment, and comorbidity among children with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 15(7), 583-592. doi:10.1177/1087054710370567
2. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) (4th ed.). Washington: American Psychiatric Association
3. Barkley, R. A. (1997). Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychological Bulletin, 121(1), 65-94. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.121.1.65
4. Barkley, R. A. (2010). deficient emotional self-regulation is a core component of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Journal of ADHD & Related Disorders, 1(2), 5-37
5. Barkley, R. A., & Fischer, M. (2010). The unique contribution of emotional impulsiveness to impairment in major life activities in hyperactive children as adults. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(5), 503-513. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.01.019
6. Barkley, R. A., & Murphy, K. R. (2006). Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: A clinical workbook (Vol. 3rd). New York: Guilford Press
7. Barkley, R. A., & Murphy, K. R. (2010). deficient emotional selfregulation in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): The relative contributions of emotional impulsiveness and ADHD symptoms to adaptive impairments in major life activities. Journal of ADHD & Related Disorders, 1(4), 5-28
8. Barkley, R. A., Murphy, K. R., & Fischer, M. (2008). ADHD in adults: What the science says. New York: Guilford Press.
9. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Persality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
10. Beck, A. T., & Steer, R. A. (1984). Internal consistencies of the original and revised Beck Depression Inventory. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40(6), 1365-1367
11. Belendiuk, K. A., Clarke, T. L., Chronis, A. M., & Raggi, V. L. (2007). Assessing the concordance of measures used to diagnose adult ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 10(3), 276-287. doi:10.1177/1087054706289941
12. Biederman, J., Faraone, S. V., Spencer, T. J., Mick, E., Monuteaux, M. C., & Aleardi, M. (2006). Functional impairments in adults with self-reports of diagnosed ADHD: A controlled study of 1001 adults in the community. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67 (4), 524-540
13. Bush, G., Luu, P., & Posner, M. I. (2000). Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4(6), 215-222. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01483-2
14. Bush, G., Valera, E. M., & Seidman, L. J. (2005). Functional neuroimaging of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A review and suggested future directions. Biological Psychiatry, 57(11), 1273-1284. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.01.034
15. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. New York: Academic.
16. Conners, C. K., Erhardt, D., & Sparrow, E. (1999). Conners' adult ADHD rating scales (CAARS) technical manual. North Tonawanda: Multi-Health Systems, Inc
17. duPaul, G. J., Power, T. J., Anastopoulos, A. d., & Reid, R. (1998). ADHD rating scale-IV: Checklists, norms, and clinical interpretation. New York: Guilford Press
18. Epstein, J. N., Johnson, D., & Conners, C. K. (2000). Conners' adult ADHD diagnostic interview for DSM-IV. North Tonawanda: Multi-Health Systems, Inc. Erhardt
19. D., Epstein, J. N., Conners, C. K., Parker, J. d. A., & Sitarenios, G. (1999). Self ratings of ADHD symptoms in adults II: Reliability, validity, and diagnostic sensitivity. Journal of Attention Disorders, 3, 153-158. doi:10.1177/108705479900300304
20. Gehricke, J. G., Loughlin, S. E., Whalen, C. K., Potkin, S. G., Fallon, J. H., Jamner, L. d., et al. (2007). Smoking to self-medicate attentional and emotional dysfunctions. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 9(Suppl 4), S523-S536. doi:10.1080/14622200701685039
21. Gottman, J. M., & Katz, L. F. (1989). Effects of marital discord on young children's peer interaction and health. developmental Psychology, 25, 373-381
22. Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factorstructure, and initial validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 41-54. doi:10.1023/B:JOBA. 0000007455.08539.94
23. Gratz, K. L., Rosenthal, M. Z., Tull, M. T., Lejuez, C. W., & Gunderson, J. G. (2006). An experimental investigation of emotion dysregulation in borderline personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115(4), 850-855. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.115.4.850
24. Gratz, K. L., & Tull, M. T. (2010). Emotion regulation as a mechanism of change in acceptance-and mindfulness-based treatments. In R. A. Baer (Ed.), Assessing mindfulness and acceptance processes in clients: Illuminating the theory and practice of change (pp. 107-133). Oakland: Context Press/New Harbinger Publications.
25. Hinshaw, S. P. (2003). Impulsivity, emotion regulation, and developmental psychopathology: Specificity versus generality of linkages. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1008, 149-159. doi:10.1196/annals.1301.016
26. Kessler, R. C., Adler, L., Barkley, R., Biederman, J., Conners, C. K., Demler, O., et al. (2006). The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: Results from the national comorbidity survey replication. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 163 (4), 716-723. doi:163/4/716.10.1176/appi. ajp. 163.4.716
27. Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press
28. Kokkonen, M., & Pulkkinen, L. (2001). Extraversion and neuroticism as antecedents of emotion regulation and dysregulation in adulthood. European Journal of Personality, 15(6), 407-424. doi:10.1002/per.425
29. Maedgen, J. W., & Carlson, C. L. (2000). Social functioning and emotional regulation in the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder subtypes. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29(1), 30-42
30. Mannuzza, S., Klein, R. G., Bessler, A., Malloy, P., & LaPadula, M. (1993). Adult outcome of hyperactive boys. Educational achievement, occupational rank, and psychiatric status. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50(7), 565-576
31. Martel, M. M. (2009). Research review: A new perspective on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: emotion dysregulation and trait models. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(9), 1042-1051. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02105.x.
32. Martel, M. M., Nigg, J. T., & von Eye, A. (2009). How do trait dimensions map onto ADHD symptom domains? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37(3), 337-348. doi:10.1007/s10802-008-9255-3
33. McClernon, F. J., English, J., Hallyburton, M., Van Voorhees, E. E., Holdaway, A., & Kollins, S. H. (2010). Smoking withdrawal symptoms and craving severity are worse among smokers with ADHD. Paper presented at the Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
34. Baltimore, MD. McClernon, F. J., & Kollins, S. H. (2008).ADHDand smoking: From genes to brain to behavior. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1141, 131-147. doi:NYAS1141016.10.1196/annals.1441.016
35. Melnick, S. M., & Hinshaw, S. P. (2000). Emotion regulation and parenting in AD/HD and comparison boys: Linkages with social behaviors and peer preference. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28(1), 73-86. doi:10.1023/A:1005174102794
36. Menard, S. (1995). Applied logistic regression analysis: Sage university series on quantitative applications in the social sciences. Thousand Oaks: Sage
37. Milberger, S., Biederman, J., Faraone, S. V., Chen, L., & Jones, J. (1997). ADHD is associated with early initiation of cigarette smoking in children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(1), 37-44. doi:10.1097/00004583-199701000-00015
38. Miller, J., Flory, K., Lynam, D., & Leukefeld, C. (2003). A test of the four-factor model of impulsivity-related traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 34(8), 1403-1418. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00122-8
39. Miller, M., Hanford, R. B., Fassbender, C., Duke, M., & Schweitzer, J. B. (2011).Affect recognition in adults with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 15(6), 452-460. doi:10.1177/1087054710368636
40. Mitchell, J. T., & Nelson-Gray, R. O. (2006). Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder symptoms in adults: Relationship to Gray's behavioral approach system. Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 749-760. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.08.011
41. Mitchell, J. T., Van Voorhees, E. E., Dennis, M. F., McClernon, F. J., Calhoun, P. S., Kollins, S. H., et al (2012). Assessing the role of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in smokers with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntr245
42. Molina, B. S., & Pelham, W. E., Jr. (2003). Childhood predictors of adolescent substance use in a longitudinal study of children with ADHD. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112(3), 497-507. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.112.3.497
43. Murphy, K. R., & Barkley, R. A. (1996). Prevalence of DSM-IV symptoms of ADHD in adult licensed drivers: Implications for clinical diagnosis. Journal of Attention Disorders, 1, 147-161
44. Nigg, J. T., Goldsmith, H. H., & Sachek, J. (2004). Temperament and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: The development of a multiple pathway model. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33(1), 42-53. doi:10.1207/S15374424JCCP3301-5
45. Nigg, J. T., John, O. P., Blaskey, L. G., Huang-Pollock, C. L., Willcutt, E. G., Hinshaw, S. P., et al. (2002). Big five dimensions and ADHD symptoms: Links between personality traits and clinical symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(2), 451-469. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.83.2.451
46. Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J. (2005). The cognitive control of emotion. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(5), 242-249. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005. 03.010
47. Paloyelis, Y., Mehta, M. A., Kuntsi, J., & Asherson, P. (2007). Functional MRI in ADHD: A systematic literature review. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 7(10), 1337-1356. doi:10.1586/14737175.7.10.1337
48. Philipsen, A., Richter, H., Peters, J., Alm, B., Sobanski, E., Colla, M., et al. (2007). Structured group psychotherapy in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: results of an open multicentre study. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195 (12), 1013-1019. doi:10.1097/NMD. 0b013e31815c088b.
49. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879-891. doi:10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
50. Putnam, K. M., & Silk, K. R. (2005). Emotion dysregulation and the development of borderline personality disorder. development and Psychopathology, 17(4), 899-925. doi:10.1017/S0954579405050431
51. Reimherr, F.W., Marchant, B. K., Olsen, J. L., Halls, C., Kondo, D. G., Williams, E. d., et al. (2010). Emotional dysregulation as a core feature of adult ADHD: Its relationship with clinical variables and treatment response in two methylphenidate trials. Journal of ADHD & Related Disorders, 1(4), 53-64
52. Reimherr, F. W., Marchant, B. K., Strong, R. E., Hedges, D. W., Adler, L., Spencer, T. J., et al. (2005). Emotional dysregulation in adult ADHD and response to atomoxetine. Biological Psychiatry, 58, 125-131. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.04.040
53. Safren, S. A., Sprich, S., Mimiaga, M. J., Surman, C., Knouse, L., Groves, M., et al. (2010). Cognitive behavioral therapy vs relaxation with educational support for medication-treated adults with ADHD and persistent symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 304(8), 875-880. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1192
54. Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., & Teasdale, J. d. (2002). Mindfulnessbased cognitive therapy for depression: A new approach to preventing relapse. New York: Guilford Press
55. Skirrow, C., McLoughlin, G., Kuntsi, J., & Asherson, P. (2009). Behavioral, neurocognitive and treatment overlap between attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder and mood instability. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 9(4), 489-503. doi:10.1586/ern.09.2
56. Solanto, M. V., Marks, D. J., Wasserstein, J., Mitchell, K., Abikoff, H., Alvir, J. M., et al. (2010). Efficacy of meta-cognitive therapy for adult ADHD. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 167(8), 958-968. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp. 2009.09081123
57. Sonuga-Barke, E. J. (2002). Psychological heterogeneity in AD/HD-A dual pathway model of behaviour and cognition. Behavioural Brain Research, 130(1-2), 29-36. doi:10.1016/S0166-4328(01)00432-6
58. Sonuga-Barke, E. J. (2003). The dual pathway model of AD/HD: An elaboration of neuro-developmental characteristics. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 27(7), 593-604. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2003.08.005
59. Sonuga-Barke, E. J., Sergeant, J. A., Nigg, J., & Willcutt, E. (2008). Executive dysfunction and delay aversion in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Nosologic and diagnostic implications. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 17 (2), 367-384. doi:10.1016/j.chc.2007.11.008
60. ix. Valera, E. M., Faraone, S. V., Murray, K. E., & Seidman, L. J. (2007). Meta-analysis of structural imaging findings in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 61(12), 1361-1369. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.06.011
61. Van Voorhees, E. E., Hardy, K. K., & Kollins, S. H. (2011). Reliability and validity of self-and other-ratings of symptoms of ADHD in adults. Journal of Attention Disorders, 15(3), 224-234. doi:10.1177/ 1087054709356163
62. Walcott, C. M., & Landau, S. (2004). The relation between disinhibition and emotion regulation in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 33 (4), 772-782. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3304-12
63. Weiss, G., & Hechtman, L. T. (1993). Hyperactive children grown up (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press
64. Weiss, M. d., Wasdell, M., Gadow, K. d., Greenfield, B., Hechtman, L., & Gibbins, C. (2011). Clinical correlates of oppositional defiant disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults. Postgraduate Medicine, 123(2), 177-184. doi:10.3810/pgm.2011.03.2276
65. Whiteside, S. P., & Lynam, D. R. (2001). The five factor model and impulsivity: Using a structural model of personality to understand impulsivity. Personality and Individual Differences, 30(4), 669-689. doi:10.1016/S0191- 8869(00)00064-7
66. Whiteside, S. P., Lynam, D. R., Miller, J. d., & Reynolds, S. K. (2005). Validation of the UPPS impulsive behaviour scale: A four-factor model of impulsivity. European Journal of Personality, 19(7), 559-574. doi:10.1002/per.556
67. Zylowska, L., Ackerman, D. L., Yang, M. H., Futrell, J. L., Horton, N. L., Hale, T. S., et al. (2008). Mindfulness meditation training in adults and adolescents with ADHD: A feasibility study. Journal of Attention Disorders, 11(6), 737-746. doi:10.1177/1087054707308502.