Individual differences in behavioural inhibition explain free riding in public good games when punishment is expected but not implemented

Behavioral and Brain Functions

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 2013, Pages

  Skatova, Anya ^a   Ferguson, Eamonn ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Behavioural inhibition; Cooperation; Free riding; Individual differences; Punishment risk

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANXIETY; ARTICLE; AUTHORITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; COOPERATION; EXPECTATION; FEAR; FEMALE; FIGHTING; FLIGHT; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUNISHMENT; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; THREAT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ALGORITHMS; ALTRUISM; ANTICIPATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; COOPERATIVE BEHAVIOR; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; FEEDBACK, PSYCHOLOGICAL; FEMALE; GAMES, EXPERIMENTAL; HUMANS; INDIVIDUALITY; INHIBITION (PSYCHOLOGY); MALE; MOTIVATION; PUNISHMENT; QUESTIONNAIRES; UNCERTAINTY; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84872101191     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17449081     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-9-3     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Nowak MA, Sigmund K. Evolution of indirect reciprocity. Nature 2005, 437(7063):1291-1298. 10.1038/nature04131, 16251955.
2. Rockenbach B, Milinski M. The efficient interaction of indirect reciprocity and costly punishment. Nature 2006, 444(7120):718-723. 10.1038/nature05229, 17151660.
3. Fehr E, Gintis H. Human motivation and social cooperation: experimental and analytical foundations. Annu Rev Sociol 2007, 33(1):43-64.
4. West SA, et al. Social evolution theory for microorganisms. Nat Rev Micro 2006, 4(8):597-607.
5. Fehr E, Fischbacher U. Third-party punishment and social norms. Evol Hum Behav 2004, 25(2):63-87.
6. Yamagishi T. Seriousness of social dilemmas and the provision of a sanctioning system. Soc Psychol Q 1988, 51(1):32-42.
7. de Kwaadsteniet EW, et al. Anger and retribution after collective overuse: the role of blaming and environmental uncertainty in social dilemmas. Pers Soc Psychol B 2010, 36(1):59-70.
8. Scheres A, Sanfey A. Individual differences in decision making: drive and reward responsiveness affect strategic bargaining in economic games. Behav Brain Funct 2006, 2(1):35. 10.1186/1744-9081-2-35, 1635418, 17049091.
9. Skatova A, Ferguson E. What makes people cooperate? Individual differences in BAS/BIS predict strategic reciprocation in a public goods game. Pers Indiv Differ 2011, 51(3):237-241.
10. Gray JA, McNaughton N. The neuropsychology of anxiety 2000, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2.
11. Cavanagh JF, Frank MJ, Allen JJB. Social stress reactivity alters reward and punishment learning. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2011, 6(3):311-320. 10.1093/scan/nsq041, 3110431, 20453038.
12. Robinson O, et al. The effect of induced anxiety on cognition: threat of shock enhances aversive processing in healthy individuals. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2011, 11(2):217-227. 10.3758/s13415-011-0030-5, 3169349, 21484411.
13. Fehr E, Gachter S. Altruistic punishment in humans. Nature 2002, 415(6868):137-140. 10.1038/415137a, 11805825.
14. Ostrom E, Walker J, Gardner R. Covenants with and without a sword: self-governance is possible. Am Polit Sci Rev 1992, 86(2):404-417.
15. Mehlkop G, Graeff P. Modelling a rational choice theory of criminal action: subjective expected utilities, norms, and interactions. Ration Soc 2010, 22(2):189-222.
16. Fudenberg D, Rand DG, Dreber A. Slow to anger and fast to forgive: cooperation in an uncertain world. Am Econ Rev 2012, 102:720-749.
17. Grechenig K, Nicklisch A, Thöni C. Punishment despite reasonable doubt-a public goods experiment with sanctions under uncertainty. J Empir Leg Stud 2010, 7(4):847-867.
18. Ambrus A, Greiner B. Imperfect public monitoring with costly punishment - an experimental study. Am Econ Rev in press.
19. Fudenberg D, Pathak PA. Unobserved punishment supports cooperation. J Public Econ 2010, 94(1-2):78-86.
20. Guillen P, Schwieren C, Staffiero G. Why feed the Leviathan?. Public Choice 2007, 130(1):115-128.
21. Burlando RM, Guala F. Heterogeneous agents in public goods experiments. Exp Econ 2005, 8(1):35-54.
22. Falk A, Fischbacher U. A theory of reciprocity. Game Econ Behav 2006, 54(2):293-315.
23. Gintis H, et al. Explaining altruistic behavior in humans. Evol Hum Behav 2003, 24(3):153-172.
24. Henrich J, et al. Costly punishment across human societies. Science 2006, 312(5781):1767-1770. 10.1126/science.1127333, 16794075.
25. Ferguson E, Heckman JJ, Corr P. Personality and economics: overview and proposed framework. Personal Individ Differ 2011, 51(3):201-209.
26. McNaughton N, Corr PJ. A two-dimensional neuropsychology of defense: fear/anxiety and defensive distance. Neurosci Biobehav R 2004, 28(3):285-305.
27. Heym N, Lawrence C. The role of Gray's revised RST in the P-psychopathy continuum: the relationships of Psychoticism with a lack of fear and anxiety, and increased impulsivity. Pers Indiv Differ 2010, 49(8):874-879.
28. Heym N, Ferguson E, Lawrence C. An evaluation of the relationship between Gray's revised RST and Eysenck's PEN: distinguishing BIS and FFFS in Carver and White's BIS/BAS scales. Personal Individ Differ 2008, 45(8):709-715.
29. Carver CS, White TL. Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: the BIS/BAS scales. J Pers Soc Psychol 1994, 67(2):319-333.
30. Knyazev GG, Wilson GD, Slobodskaya HR. Behavioural activation and inhibition in social adjustment. The Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory of Personality 2008, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, Corr PJ.
31. Amodio DM, et al. Neurocognitive components of the behavioral inhibition and activation systems: Implications for theories of self-regulation. Psychophysiology 2008, 45:11-19.
32. Dawe S, Gullo MJ, Loxton NJ. Reward drive and rash impulsiveness as dimensions of impulsivity: implications for substance misuse. Addict Behav 2004, 29(7):1389-1405. 10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.06.004, 15345272.
33. Hirsh JB, Inzlicht M. The devil you know. Psychol Sci 2008, 19(10):962-967. 10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02183.x, 19000202.
34. Fischbacher U. z-Tree: Zurich toolbox for ready-made economic experiments. Exp Econ 2007, 10(2):171-178.
35. Bardsley N. Control without deception: individual behaviour in free-riding experiments revisited. Exp Econ 2000, 3(3):215-240.
36. Bardsley N, Moffatt PG. The experimetrics of public goods: inferring motivations from contributions. Theor Decis 2007, 62(2):161-193.
37. Keser C, van Winden F. Conditional cooperation and voluntary contributions to public goods. Scand J Econ 2000, 102(1):23-39.
38. Carpenter J. The demand for punishment. J Econ Behav Organ 2007, 62(4):522-542.
39. Fehr E, Gachter S. Cooperation and punishment in public goods experiments. Am Econ Rev 2000, 90(4):980-994.
40. Nikiforakis N. Punishment and counter-punishment in public good games: can we really govern ourselves?. J Public Econ 2008, 92(1-2):91-112.
41. Masclet D, Villeval MC. Punishment, inequality, and welfare: a public good experiment. Soc Choice Welfare 2008, 31(3):475-502.
42. Cinyabuguma M, Page T, Putterman L. Cooperation under the threat of expulsion in a public goods experiment. J Public Econ 2005, 89(8):1421-1435.
43. Dayan P, Daw ND. Decision theory, reinforcement learning, and the brain. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2008, 8(4):429-453. 10.3758/CABN.8.4.429, 19033240.
44. Meyer B, Johnson S, Winters R. Responsiveness to threat and incentive in bipolar disorder: relations of the BIS/BAS scales with symptoms. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 2001, 23(3):133-143. 10.1023/A:1010929402770, 3137128, 21765592.
45. Must A, et al. Sensitivity to reward and punishment and the prefrontal cortex in major depression. J Affect Disord 2006, 90(2-3):209-215.
46. Block MK, Gerety VE. Some experimental evidence on differences between student and prisoner reactions to monetary penalties and risk. J Leg Stud 1995, 24(1):123-138.
47. Fowler JH. Altruistic punishment and the origin of cooperation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005, 102(19):7047-7049. 10.1073/pnas.0500938102, 1100778, 15857950.