메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 345, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 45-51

Cutaneous vasculopathy and neutropenia associated with levamisole- adulterated cocaine

Author keywords

Cocaine; Levamisole; Neutropenia; Retiform purpura; Vasculitis

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; COCAINE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; DALTEPARIN; LEVAMISOLE; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; NEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODY; PENTOXIFYLLINE; PHENTOLAMINE; PREDNISONE; RECOMBINANT GRANULOCYTE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR; STEROID; WARFARIN;

EID: 84871948422     PISSN: 00029629     EISSN: 15382990     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e31825b2b50     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (27)

References (43)
  • 3
    • 0018578840 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of seronegative spondylarthritis with levamisole: A double-blind placebo-controlled study
    • Christensen KD. Treatment of seronegative spondylarthritis with levamisole: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Int J Immunopharmacol 1979;1:147-50.
    • (1979) Int J Immunopharmacol , vol.1 , pp. 147-150
    • Christensen, K.D.1
  • 6
    • 79955376870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of levamisole in urine toxicology screens positive for cocaine in an inner-city hospital
    • Buchanan JA, Heard K, Burbach C, et al. Prevalence of levamisole in urine toxicology screens positive for cocaine in an inner-city hospital. JAMA 2011;305:1657-8.
    • (2011) JAMA , Issue.305 , pp. 1657-1658
    • Buchanan, J.A.1    Heard, K.2    Burbach, C.3
  • 7
    • 72649097525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) March 2008-November 2009 MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Agranulocytosis associated with cocaine use - four States, March 2008-November 2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2009;58:1381-5.
    • (2009) Agranulocytosis Associated with Cocaine Use - Four States , vol.58 , pp. 1381-1385
  • 8
    • 0018148138 scopus 로고
    • Levamisole-induced vasculitis due to circulating immune complexes
    • Macfarlane DG, Bacon PA. Levamisole-induced vasculitis due to circulating immune complexes. Br Med J 1978;1:407-8.
    • (1978) Br Med J , vol.1 , pp. 407-408
    • MacFarlane, D.G.1    Bacon, P.A.2
  • 9
    • 84871963982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United States Department of Health and Human Services. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration doi:10.3886/ICPSR26701.v2
    • United States Department of Health and Human Services. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Office of Applied Studies. National Survey on Drug Use and Health. 2008. doi:10.3886/ICPSR26701.v2.
    • (2008) Office of Applied Studies. National Survey on Drug Use and Health
  • 10
    • 77953395872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilateral necrosis of earlobes and cheeks: Another complication of cocaine contaminated with levamisole
    • Bradford M, Rosenberg B, Moreno J, et al. Bilateral necrosis of earlobes and cheeks: another complication of cocaine contaminated with levamisole. Ann Intern Med 2010;152:758-9.
    • (2010) Ann Intern Med , Issue.152 , pp. 758-759
    • Bradford, M.1    Rosenberg, B.2    Moreno, J.3
  • 11
    • 79952707978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levamisole induced occlusive necrotizing vasculitis of the ears after use of cocaine contaminated with levamisole
    • Buchanan JA, Vogel JA, Eberhardt AM. Levamisole induced occlusive necrotizing vasculitis of the ears after use of cocaine contaminated with levamisole. J Med Toxicol 2011;7:83-4.
    • (2011) J Med Toxicol , Issue.7 , pp. 83-84
    • Buchanan, J.A.1    Vogel, J.A.2    Eberhardt, A.M.3
  • 12
    • 78449287586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine-related retiform purpura: Evidence to incriminate the adulterant, levamisole
    • Walsh NMG, Green PJ, Burlingame RW, et al. Cocaine-related retiform purpura: evidence to incriminate the adulterant, levamisole. J Cutan Pathol 2010;37:1212-9.
    • (2010) J Cutan Pathol , Issue.37 , pp. 1212-1219
    • Nmg, W.1    Green, P.J.2    Burlingame, R.W.3
  • 13
    • 77955919530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaineassociated retiform purpura and neutropenia is levamisole the culprit?
    • Waller JM, Feramisco JD, Alberta-Wszolek L, et al. Cocaineassociated retiform purpura and neutropenia: is levamisole the culprit? J Am Acad Dermatol 2010;63:530-5.
    • (2010) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.63 , pp. 530-535
    • Waller, J.M.1    Feramisco, J.D.2    Alberta-Wszolek, L.3
  • 14
    • 78349281200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levamisole-induced cutaneous necrosis mimicking coagulopathy
    • Farhat EK, Moorhead TT, Chaffing ML, et al. Levamisole-induced cutaneous necrosis mimicking coagulopathy. Arch Dermatol 2010;146: 1320-1.
    • (2010) Arch Dermatol , Issue.146 , pp. 1320-1321
    • Farhat, E.K.1    Moorhead, T.T.2    Chaffing, M.L.3
  • 15
    • 80052052333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levamisole-induced retiform purpura
    • Click J. Levamisole-induced retiform purpura. J Drug Dermatol 2011; 10:217.
    • (2011) J Drug Dermatol , vol.10 , pp. 217
    • Click, J.1
  • 16
    • 79953030854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retiform purpura: A new stigmata of illicit drug use?
    • Geller L, Whang TB, Mercer SE, et al. Retiform purpura: a new stigmata of illicit drug use? Dermatol Online J 2011;17:7.
    • (2011) Dermatol Online J , vol.17 , pp. 7
    • Geller, L.1    Whang, T.B.2    Mercer, S.E.3
  • 17
    • 79958228764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversible retiform purpura: A sign of cocaine use
    • Han C, Sreenivasan G, Dutz JP. Reversible retiform purpura: a sign of cocaine use. CMAJ 2011;183:E597-600.
    • (2011) CMAJ
    • Han, C.1    Sreenivasan, G.2    Dutz, J.P.3
  • 18
    • 80755132065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel cutaneous vasculitis syndrome induced by levamisole-contaminated cocaine
    • Gross RL, Brucker J, Bahce-Altuntas A, et al. A novel cutaneous vasculitis syndrome induced by levamisole-contaminated cocaine. Clin Rheumatol 2011;30:1385-92.
    • (2011) Clin Rheumatol , Issue.30 , pp. 1385-1392
    • Gross, R.L.1    Brucker, J.2    Bahce-Altuntas, A.3
  • 19
    • 84855798607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levamisole-induced necrosis of skin, soft tissue, and bone: Case report and review of literature
    • Ching JA, Smith DJ Jr. Levamisole-induced necrosis of skin, soft tissue, and bone: case report and review of literature. J Burn Care Res 2012;33:e1-5.
    • (2012) J Burn Care Res , vol.33
    • Ching, J.A.1    Smith Jr., D.J.2
  • 20
    • 80054718590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levamisole induced necrosis of the skin and neutropenia following intranasal cocaine use: A newly recognized syndrome
    • Mouzakis J, Somboonwit C, Lakshmi S, et al. Levamisole induced necrosis of the skin and neutropenia following intranasal cocaine use: a newly recognized syndrome. J Drugs Dermatol 2011; 10:1204-7.
    • (2011) J Drugs Dermatol , Issue.10 , pp. 1204-1207
    • Mouzakis, J.1    Somboonwit, C.2    Lakshmi, S.3
  • 21
    • 84859109379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levamisole-induced vasculopathy: A report of 2 cases and a novel histopathologic finding
    • Jacob RS, Silva CY, Powers JG, et al. Levamisole-induced vasculopathy: a report of 2 cases and a novel histopathologic finding. Am J Dermatopathol 2012;34:208-13.
    • (2012) Am J Dermatopathol , Issue.34 , pp. 208-213
    • Jacob, R.S.1    Silva, C.Y.2    Powers, J.G.3
  • 22
    • 79952010178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Images in emergency medicine. Adult female with rash on lower extremities. Vasculopathic purpura and neutropenia caused by levamisole-contaminated cocaine
    • Lung D, Lynch K, Agrawal S, et al. Images in emergency medicine. Adult female with rash on lower extremities. Vasculopathic purpura and neutropenia caused by levamisole-contaminated cocaine. Ann Emerg Med 2011;57:307-11.
    • (2011) Ann Emerg Med , vol.57 , pp. 307-311
    • Lung, D.1    Lynch, K.2    Agrawal, S.3
  • 23
    • 80051792302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case of levamisole-induced systemic vasculitis and cocaine-induced midline destructive lesion: A case report
    • Zwang NA, Van Wagner LB, Rose S. A case of levamisole-induced systemic vasculitis and cocaine-induced midline destructive lesion: a case report. J Clin Rheumatol 2011;17:197-200.
    • (2011) J Clin Rheumatol , vol.17 , pp. 197-200
    • Zwang, N.A.1    Van Wagner, L.B.2    Rose, S.3
  • 24
    • 80051787439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five consecutive cases of a cutaneous vasculopathy in users of levamisole-adulterated cocaine
    • Ullrich K, Koval R, Koval E, et al. Five consecutive cases of a cutaneous vasculopathy in users of levamisole-adulterated cocaine. J Clin Rheumatol 2011;17:193-6.
    • (2011) J Clin Rheumatol , vol.17 , pp. 193-196
    • Ullrich, K.1    Koval, R.2    Koval, E.3
  • 25
    • 80052821224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristic purpura of the ears, vasculitis, and neutropenia - A potential public health epidemic associated with levamisole-adulterated cocaine
    • Chung C, Tumeh PC, Birnbaum R, et al. Characteristic purpura of the ears, vasculitis, and neutropenia - a potential public health epidemic associated with levamisole-adulterated cocaine. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011;65:722-5.
    • (2011) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.65 , pp. 722-725
    • Chung, C.1    Tumeh, P.C.2    Birnbaum, R.3
  • 26
    • 79958810198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ANCA-positive necrotizing vasculitis and thrombotic vasculopathy induced by levamisole-adulterated cocaine: A distinctive clinicopathologic presentation
    • Jenkins J, Babu K, Hsu-Hung E, et al. ANCA-positive necrotizing vasculitis and thrombotic vasculopathy induced by levamisole-adulterated cocaine: a distinctive clinicopathologic presentation. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011;65:e14-16.
    • (2011) J Am Acad Dermatol
    • Jenkins, J.1    Babu, K.2    Hsu-Hung, E.3
  • 27
    • 82355185884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine-induced thrombotic vasculopathy
    • John S, Manda S, Hamrock D. Cocaine-induced thrombotic vasculopathy. Am J Med Sci 2011;342:524-6.
    • (2011) Am J Med Sci , Issue.342 , pp. 524-526
    • John, S.1    Manda, S.2    Hamrock, D.3
  • 28
    • 0017876155 scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous necrotising vasculitis induced by levamisole
    • Scheinberg MA, Gomes Bezerra JB, Almeida FA, et al. Cutaneous necrotising vasculitis induced by levamisole. BMJ 1978;1:408.
    • (1978) BMJ , vol.1 , pp. 408
    • Scheinberg, M.A.1    Gomes Bezerra, J.B.2    Almeida, F.A.3
  • 29
    • 0042466540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nephrotic syndrome in childhood
    • Eddy EA, Symons JA. Nephrotic syndrome in childhood. Lancet 2003; 362:629-39.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , pp. 629-639
    • Eddy, E.A.1    Symons, J.A.2
  • 30
  • 31
    • 0017756617 scopus 로고
    • Complications of cancer immunotherapy with levamisole
    • Parkinson DR, Cano PO, Jerry LM, et al. Complications of cancer immunotherapy with levamisole. Lancet 1977;1:1129-32.
    • (1977) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1129-1132
    • Parkinson, D.R.1    Cano, P.O.2    Jerry, L.M.3
  • 32
    • 0017739866 scopus 로고
    • Levamisole-induced arthritis in Crohn's disease
    • Segal AW, Pugh SF, Levi AJ, et al. Levamisole-induced arthritis in Crohn's disease. Br Med J 1977;2:555.
    • (1977) Br Med J , vol.2 , pp. 555
    • Segal, A.W.1    Pugh, S.F.2    Levi, A.J.3
  • 33
    • 0029853574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vasculitis associated with levamisole and circulating autoantibodies
    • Laux-End R, Inabenit D, Gerber HA, et al. Vasculitis associated with levamisole and circulating autoantibodies. Arch Dis Child 1996;75:355-6.
    • (1996) Arch Dis Child , vol.75 , pp. 355-356
    • Laux-End, R.1    Inabenit, D.2    Gerber, H.A.3
  • 34
    • 60849110287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agranulocytosis after consumption of cocaine adulterated with levamisole
    • Zhu NY, LeGatt DF, Turner RA. Agranulocytosis after consumption of cocaine adulterated with levamisole. Ann Intern Med 2009;150:287-9.
    • (2009) Ann Intern Med , vol.150 , pp. 287-289
    • Zhu, N.Y.1    Legatt, D.F.2    Turner, R.A.3
  • 35
    • 85015739826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United States Department of Health and Human Services. Results from the 2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Volume I. Summary of National Findings Accessed January 8
    • United States Department of Health and Human Services. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Office of Applied Studies. Results from the 2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Volume I. Summary of National Findings. http://oas. samhsa.gov/nsduh/2k9nsduh/2k9resultsp.pdf Accessed January 8, 2012.
    • (2012) Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Office of Applied Studies
  • 37
    • 0025970019 scopus 로고
    • On the biochemical mode of action of levamisole: An update
    • Wauwe JV, Janssen PAJ. On the biochemical mode of action of levamisole: an update. Int J Immunopharmacol 1991;13:3-9.
    • (1991) Int J Immunopharmacol , vol.13 , pp. 3-9
    • Wauwe, J.V.1    Paj, J.2
  • 38
    • 36849046320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levamisole enhances immune response by affecting the activation and maturation of human monocyte- derived dendritic cells
    • Chen LY, Lin YL, Chiang BL. Levamisole enhances immune response by affecting the activation and maturation of human monocyte- derived dendritic cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2008;151:174-81.
    • (2008) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.151 , pp. 174-181
    • Chen, L.Y.1    Lin, Y.L.2    Chiang, B.L.3
  • 39
    • 0031435827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ear lobe bilateral necrosis by levamisole-induced occlusive vasculitis in a pediatric patient
    • Menni S, Gianotti R, Ghio L, et al. Ear lobe bilateral necrosis by levamisole-induced occlusive vasculitis in a pediatric patient. Pediatr Dermatol 1997;14:477-9.
    • (1997) Pediatr Dermatol , vol.14 , pp. 477-479
    • Menni, S.1    Gianotti, R.2    Ghio, L.3
  • 40
    • 0033005726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Purpura of the ears: A distinctive vasculopathy with circulating autoantibodies complicating long-term treatment with levamisole in children
    • Rongioletti F, Ghio L, Ginervi F, et al. Purpura of the ears: a distinctive vasculopathy with circulating autoantibodies complicating long-term treatment with levamisole in children. Br J Dermatol 1999;140:948-51.
    • (1999) Br J Dermatol , vol.140 , pp. 948-951
    • Rongioletti, F.1    Ghio, L.2    Ginervi, F.3
  • 41
    • 0036226453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A boy with cutaneous necrosis occurring during treatment with levamisole
    • Powell J, Grech H, Holder J. A boy with cutaneous necrosis occurring during treatment with levamisole. Clin Exp Dermatol 2002;27:32-3.
    • (2002) Clin Exp Dermatol , vol.27 , pp. 32-33
    • Powell, J.1    Grech, H.2    Holder, J.3
  • 42
    • 82955202770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vasculopathy, hematological, and immune abnormalities associated with levamisolecontaminated cocaine use
    • Khan TA, Cuchacovich R, Espinoza LR, et al. Vasculopathy, hematological, and immune abnormalities associated with levamisolecontaminated cocaine use. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2011;41:445-54.
    • (2011) Semin Arthritis Rheum , Issue.41 , pp. 445-454
    • Khan, T.A.1    Cuchacovich, R.2    Espinoza, L.R.3
  • 43
    • 84860389306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Syndrome of cocainelevamisole- induced cutaneous vasculitis and immune-mediated leukopenia
    • Poon SH, Baliog CR Jr, Sams RN, et al. Syndrome of cocainelevamisole- induced cutaneous vasculitis and immune-mediated leukopenia. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2011;41:434-44.
    • (2011) Semin Arthritis Rheum , Issue.41 , pp. 434-444
    • Poon, S.H.1    Baliog Jr., C.R.2    Sams, R.N.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.