Levamisole-induced necrosis of skin, soft tissue, and bone: Case report and review of literature

Journal of Burn Care and Research

Volumn 33, Issue 1, 2012, Pages

  Ching, Jessica A ^a   Smith Jr , David J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; COCAINE; GROWTH FACTOR; LEVAMISOLE; MAFENIDE; NEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODY;

ABOVE KNEE AMPUTATION; ADULT; AGRANULOCYTOSIS; AMPUTATION; BACTERIUM CULTURE; BONE NECROSIS; CASE REPORT; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; DEBRIDEMENT; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; EXCISION; FEVER; HUMAN; INFLAMMATORY INFILTRATE; LYMPHADENOPATHY; MALE; MOUTH ULCER; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION; PATELLA; RASH; REVIEW; SERRATIA MARCESCENS; SKIN BIOPSY; SKIN INJURY; SKIN NECROSIS; SKIN TRANSPLANTATION; SPLIT THICKNESS SKIN GRAFT; THROMBOSIS; TISSUE NECROSIS; VASCULARIZATION; VASCULITIS; WEAKNESS; WOUND CARE; WOUND HEALING;

AGRANULOCYTOSIS; COCAINE; COCAINE-RELATED DISORDERS; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; DEBRIDEMENT; DRUG CONTAMINATION; FEVER; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; LEVAMISOLE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NECROSIS; OSTEONECROSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SKIN TRANSPLANTATION; SOFT TISSUE INJURIES; VASCULITIS, LEUKOCYTOCLASTIC, CUTANEOUS; WOUND HEALING;

EID: 84855798607     PISSN: 1559047X     EISSN: 15590488     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/BCR.0b013e318233fc64     Document Type: Review

References (7)

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2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Agranulocytosis associated with cocaine use-four States, March 2008-November 2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2009;58:1381-5.
3. Bradford M, Rosenberg B, Moreno J, Dumyati G. Bilateral necrosis of earlobes and cheeks: another complication of cocaine contaminated with levamisole. Ann Intern Med 2010; 152:758-9.
4. Rongioletti F, Ghio L, Ginevri F, et al. Purpura of the ears: a distinctive vasculopathy with circulating autoantibodies complicating long-term treatment with levamisole in children. Br J Dermatol 1999;140:948-51. (Pubitemid 29238474)
5. Barbano G, Ginevri F, Ghiggeri GM, Gusmano R. Disseminated autoimmune disease during levamisole treatment of nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 1999;13:602-3. (Pubitemid 29403481)
6. Buchanan JA, Oyer RJ, Patel NR, et al. A confirmed case of agranulocytosis after use of cocaine contaminated with levamisole. J Med Toxicol 2010;6:160-4.
7. Chen LY, Lin YL, Chiang BL. Levamisole enhances immune response by affecting the activation and maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 151:174-81.