메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 41, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 445-454

Vasculopathy, Hematological, and Immune Abnormalities Associated with Levamisole-Contaminated Cocaine Use

Author keywords

Agranulocytosis; Cocaine; Immune abnormalities; Levamisole; Retiform purpura; Vasculitis vasculopathy

Indexed keywords

AUTOANTIBODY; COCAINE; LEVAMISOLE; METHOTREXATE; PREDNISONE;

EID: 82955202770     PISSN: 00490172     EISSN: 1532866X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2011.04.010     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (45)

References (54)
  • 1
    • 0022908171 scopus 로고
    • Medical complications of cocaine abuse
    • Cregler L., Marh H. Medical complications of cocaine abuse. N Engl J Med 1986, 315:1495.
    • (1986) N Engl J Med , vol.315 , pp. 1495
    • Cregler, L.1    Marh, H.2
  • 2
    • 72649097525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agranulocytosis associated with cocaine use-four states, March 2008-November 2009
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Agranulocytosis associated with cocaine use-four states, March 2008-November 2009. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2009, 58:1381-1385. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
    • (2009) Morb Mortal Wkly Rep , vol.58 , pp. 1381-1385
  • 3
    • 71049137773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levamisole tainted cocaine causing severe neutropenia in Alberta and British Columbia
    • Knowles L., Buxton J.A., Skuridina N., Achebe I., Legatt D., Fan S., et al. Levamisole tainted cocaine causing severe neutropenia in Alberta and British Columbia. Harm Reduct J 2009, 6:30.
    • (2009) Harm Reduct J , vol.6 , pp. 30
    • Knowles, L.1    Buxton, J.A.2    Skuridina, N.3    Achebe, I.4    Legatt, D.5    Fan, S.6
  • 4
    • 60849110287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agranulocytosis after consumption of cocaine adulterated with levamisole
    • Zhu N.Y., Legatt D.F., Turner A.R. Agranulocytosis after consumption of cocaine adulterated with levamisole. Ann Intern Med 2009, 150:287-289.
    • (2009) Ann Intern Med , vol.150 , pp. 287-289
    • Zhu, N.Y.1    Legatt, D.F.2    Turner, A.R.3
  • 5
    • 77949366465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cases: Cocaine adulterant linked to neutropenia
    • Wiens M.O., Son W.K., Ross C., Hayden M., Carleton B. Cases: Cocaine adulterant linked to neutropenia. CMAJ 2010, 182:57-59.
    • (2010) CMAJ , vol.182 , pp. 57-59
    • Wiens, M.O.1    Son, W.K.2    Ross, C.3    Hayden, M.4    Carleton, B.5
  • 7
    • 77956187679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A confirmed case of agranulocytosis after use of cocaine contaminated with levamisole
    • Buchanan J.A., Oyer R.J., Patel N.R., Jacquet G.A., Bornikova L., Thienelt C., et al. A confirmed case of agranulocytosis after use of cocaine contaminated with levamisole. J Med Toxicol 2010, 6(2):160-164.
    • (2010) J Med Toxicol , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 160-164
    • Buchanan, J.A.1    Oyer, R.J.2    Patel, N.R.3    Jacquet, G.A.4    Bornikova, L.5    Thienelt, C.6
  • 8
    • 78449287586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine-related retiform purpura: evidence to incriminate the adulterant, levamisole
    • Walsh N.M., Green P.J., Burlingame R.W., Pasternak S., Hanly J.G. Cocaine-related retiform purpura: evidence to incriminate the adulterant, levamisole. J Cutan Pathol 2010, 37(12):1212-1219.
    • (2010) J Cutan Pathol , vol.37 , Issue.12 , pp. 1212-1219
    • Walsh, N.M.1    Green, P.J.2    Burlingame, R.W.3    Pasternak, S.4    Hanly, J.G.5
  • 9
    • 77953395872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilateral necrosis of earlobes and cheeks: another complication of cocaine contaminated with levamisole
    • Bradford M., Rosenberg B., Moreno J., Dumyati G. Bilateral necrosis of earlobes and cheeks: another complication of cocaine contaminated with levamisole. Ann Intern Med 2010, 152(11):758-759.
    • (2010) Ann Intern Med , vol.152 , Issue.11 , pp. 758-759
    • Bradford, M.1    Rosenberg, B.2    Moreno, J.3    Dumyati, G.4
  • 10
    • 79952707978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levamisole-induced occlusive necrotizing vasculitis of the ears after use of cocaine contaminated with levamisole
    • Buchanan J.A., Vogel J.A., Eberhardt A.M. Levamisole-induced occlusive necrotizing vasculitis of the ears after use of cocaine contaminated with levamisole. J Med Toxicol 2010, 7(1):83-84.
    • (2010) J Med Toxicol , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 83-84
    • Buchanan, J.A.1    Vogel, J.A.2    Eberhardt, A.M.3
  • 12
    • 78349281200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levamisole-induced cutaneous necrosis mimicking coagulopathy
    • Farhat E.K., Muirhead T.T., Chaffins M.L., Douglass M.C. Levamisole-induced cutaneous necrosis mimicking coagulopathy. Arch Dermatol 2010, 146(11):1320-1321.
    • (2010) Arch Dermatol , vol.146 , Issue.11 , pp. 1320-1321
    • Farhat, E.K.1    Muirhead, T.T.2    Chaffins, M.L.3    Douglass, M.C.4
  • 13
    • 79952115580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 44-year-old woman with cutaneous bullae and extensive skin necrosis
    • Lee B.L., Stone J.H., Gimbel D., Khosroshahi A. A 44-year-old woman with cutaneous bullae and extensive skin necrosis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2010, 62(12):1805-1811.
    • (2010) Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) , vol.62 , Issue.12 , pp. 1805-1811
    • Lee, B.L.1    Stone, J.H.2    Gimbel, D.3    Khosroshahi, A.4
  • 14
    • 0018148138 scopus 로고
    • Levamisole-induced vasculitis due to circulating immune complexes
    • Macfarlane D.G., Bacon P.A. Levamisole-induced vasculitis due to circulating immune complexes. Br Med J 1978, 1(6110):407-408.
    • (1978) Br Med J , vol.1 , Issue.6110 , pp. 407-408
    • Macfarlane, D.G.1    Bacon, P.A.2
  • 16
    • 0033005726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Purpura of the ears: a distinctive vasculopathy with circulating autoantibodies complicating long-term treatment with levamisole in children
    • Rongioletti F., Ghio L., Ginevri F., Bleidl D., Rinaldi S., Edefonti A., et al. Purpura of the ears: a distinctive vasculopathy with circulating autoantibodies complicating long-term treatment with levamisole in children. Br J Dermatol 1999, 140(5):948-951.
    • (1999) Br J Dermatol , vol.140 , Issue.5 , pp. 948-951
    • Rongioletti, F.1    Ghio, L.2    Ginevri, F.3    Bleidl, D.4    Rinaldi, S.5    Edefonti, A.6
  • 17
    • 0031435827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ear lobe bilateral necrosis by levamisole-induced occlusive vasculitis in a pediatric patient
    • Menni S., Pistritto G., Gianotti R., Ghio L., Edefonti A. Ear lobe bilateral necrosis by levamisole-induced occlusive vasculitis in a pediatric patient. Pediatr Dermatol 1997, 14(6):477-479.
    • (1997) Pediatr Dermatol , vol.14 , Issue.6 , pp. 477-479
    • Menni, S.1    Pistritto, G.2    Gianotti, R.3    Ghio, L.4    Edefonti, A.5
  • 18
    • 0036226453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A boy with cutaneous necrosis occurring during treatment with levamisole
    • Powell J., Grech H., Holder J. A boy with cutaneous necrosis occurring during treatment with levamisole. Clin Exp Dermatol 2002, 27:32-33.
    • (2002) Clin Exp Dermatol , vol.27 , pp. 32-33
    • Powell, J.1    Grech, H.2    Holder, J.3
  • 19
    • 0032809704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disseminated autoimmune disease during levamisole treatment of nephritic syndrome
    • Barbano G., Ginevri F., Ghiggeri G.M., Gusmano R. Disseminated autoimmune disease during levamisole treatment of nephritic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 1999, 13:602-603.
    • (1999) Pediatr Nephrol , vol.13 , pp. 602-603
    • Barbano, G.1    Ginevri, F.2    Ghiggeri, G.M.3    Gusmano, R.4
  • 20
    • 0029853574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vasculitis associated with levamisole and circulating autoantibodies
    • Laux-End R., Inaebnit D., Gerber H.A., Bianchetti M.G. Vasculitis associated with levamisole and circulating autoantibodies. Arch Dis Child 1996, 75:355-356.
    • (1996) Arch Dis Child , vol.75 , pp. 355-356
    • Laux-End, R.1    Inaebnit, D.2    Gerber, H.A.3    Bianchetti, M.G.4
  • 21
    • 77955919604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levamisole: A dangerous new cocaine adulterant
    • Chang A., Osterloh J., Thomas J. Levamisole: A dangerous new cocaine adulterant. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2010, 88(3):408-411.
    • (2010) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.88 , Issue.3 , pp. 408-411
    • Chang, A.1    Osterloh, J.2    Thomas, J.3
  • 22
    • 34548429308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levamisole: An analytical profile
    • Valentino A.M.M., Fuentecilla K. Levamisole: An analytical profile. Microgram J 2005, 3(3-4):134-137.
    • (2005) Microgram J , vol.3 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 134-137
    • Valentino, A.M.M.1    Fuentecilla, K.2
  • 23
    • 74549196008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of levamisole impurities found in illicit cocaine exhibits
    • Casale J.F., Corbeil E.M., Hays P.A. Identification of levamisole impurities found in illicit cocaine exhibits. DEA Microgram 2008, 6:3-5.
    • (2008) DEA Microgram , vol.6 , pp. 3-5
    • Casale, J.F.1    Corbeil, E.M.2    Hays, P.A.3
  • 25
    • 34548405908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unusual adulterants in cocaine seized on Italian clandestine market
    • Fucci N. Unusual adulterants in cocaine seized on Italian clandestine market. Forensic Sci Int 2007, 172:1.
    • (2007) Forensic Sci Int , vol.172 , pp. 1
    • Fucci, N.1
  • 27
    • 0017371375 scopus 로고
    • Agranulocytosis, levamisole, and HLA-B27
    • Schmidt K.L., Mueller-Eckhardt C. Agranulocytosis, levamisole, and HLA-B27. Lancet 1977, 2:85.
    • (1977) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 85
    • Schmidt, K.L.1    Mueller-Eckhardt, C.2
  • 28
    • 0018416001 scopus 로고
    • Levamisole-induced adverse reactions and histocompatibility testing in malignant melanoma
    • Espinoza L.R., Dorval G., Osterland C.K. Levamisole-induced adverse reactions and histocompatibility testing in malignant melanoma. Tissue Antigens 1979, 13(3):236-237.
    • (1979) Tissue Antigens , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 236-237
    • Espinoza, L.R.1    Dorval, G.2    Osterland, C.K.3
  • 29
    • 0018628614 scopus 로고
    • 27 and agranulocytosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with levamisole
    • Mielants H., Veys E.M.B. 27 and agranulocytosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with levamisole. Acta Rhumatol 1979, 3(2):104-109.
    • (1979) Acta Rhumatol , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 104-109
    • Mielants, H.1    Veys, E.M.B.2
  • 31
    • 0019488155 scopus 로고
    • Levamisole-induced neutropenia and agranulocytosis: Association with HLA B27 leukocyte agglutinating and lymphocytotoxic antibodies
    • Hodinka L., Geher P., Meretey K., Gyodki E.K., Petranyi G.G., Bozsoky S. Levamisole-induced neutropenia and agranulocytosis: Association with HLA B27 leukocyte agglutinating and lymphocytotoxic antibodies. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1981, 65:460-464.
    • (1981) Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol , vol.65 , pp. 460-464
    • Hodinka, L.1    Geher, P.2    Meretey, K.3    Gyodki, E.K.4    Petranyi, G.G.5    Bozsoky, S.6
  • 32
    • 0018857791 scopus 로고
    • Levamisole-associated neutropenia and autoimmune granulocytotoxins
    • Drew S.I., Carter B.M., Nathanson D.S., Terasaki P.I. Levamisole-associated neutropenia and autoimmune granulocytotoxins. Ann Rheum Dis 1980, 39:59-63.
    • (1980) Ann Rheum Dis , vol.39 , pp. 59-63
    • Drew, S.I.1    Carter, B.M.2    Nathanson, D.S.3    Terasaki, P.I.4
  • 34
    • 0029040786 scopus 로고
    • Schoenlein-Henoch purpura with necrotizing vasculitis after cocaine snorting
    • Chevalier X., Rostoker G., Larget-Piet B., Gherardi R. Schoenlein-Henoch purpura with necrotizing vasculitis after cocaine snorting. Clin Nephrol 1995, 43:348-349.
    • (1995) Clin Nephrol , vol.43 , pp. 348-349
    • Chevalier, X.1    Rostoker, G.2    Larget-Piet, B.3    Gherardi, R.4
  • 35
  • 36
    • 0026776522 scopus 로고
    • Accelerated atherosclerosis, aneurysmal disease, and aortitis: possible pathogenic association with cocaine abuse
    • Bacharach J.M., Colville D.S., Lie J.T. Accelerated atherosclerosis, aneurysmal disease, and aortitis: possible pathogenic association with cocaine abuse. Internat Angiol 1992, 11:83-86.
    • (1992) Internat Angiol , vol.11 , pp. 83-86
    • Bacharach, J.M.1    Colville, D.S.2    Lie, J.T.3
  • 37
    • 0033724742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine related Stevens-Johnson syndrome
    • Hofbauer G.F., Burg G., Nestle F.O. Cocaine related Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Dermatology 2000, 201:258-260.
    • (2000) Dermatology , vol.201 , pp. 258-260
    • Hofbauer, G.F.1    Burg, G.2    Nestle, F.O.3
  • 38
    • 0036021166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis associated with cocaine use
    • Gertner E., Hamlar D. Necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis associated with cocaine use. J Rheumatol 2002, 29:1795-1797.
    • (2002) J Rheumatol , vol.29 , pp. 1795-1797
    • Gertner, E.1    Hamlar, D.2
  • 40
    • 0021319903 scopus 로고
    • Cocaine abuse and connective tissue disease
    • Trozak D.J., Gould W.M. Cocaine abuse and connective tissue disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 1984, 10:525.
    • (1984) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.10 , pp. 525
    • Trozak, D.J.1    Gould, W.M.2
  • 41
    • 0034784909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine induced Raynaud's phenomenon and ischemic finger necrosis
    • Balbir-Gurman A., Braun-Moscovici Y., Nahir A.M. Cocaine induced Raynaud's phenomenon and ischemic finger necrosis. Clin Rheumatol 2001, 20:376-378.
    • (2001) Clin Rheumatol , vol.20 , pp. 376-378
    • Balbir-Gurman, A.1    Braun-Moscovici, Y.2    Nahir, A.M.3
  • 43
    • 0036483784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pseudovasculitis: mechanisms of vascular injury and clinical spectrum
    • Grau R. Pseudovasculitis: mechanisms of vascular injury and clinical spectrum. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2002, 4:83-89.
    • (2002) Curr Rheumatol Rep , vol.4 , pp. 83-89
    • Grau, R.1
  • 44
  • 45
    • 34249870090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine use and its rheumatic manifestations: a case report and discussion
    • Bhinder S.K., Majithia V. Cocaine use and its rheumatic manifestations: a case report and discussion. Clin Rheumatol 2007, 26:1192-1194.
    • (2007) Clin Rheumatol , vol.26 , pp. 1192-1194
    • Bhinder, S.K.1    Majithia, V.2
  • 47
    • 4444375065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies reacting with human neutrophil elastase as a diagnostic marker for cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions but not autoimmune vasculitis
    • Wiesner O., Russell K.A., Lee A.S., Jenne D.E., Trimarchi M., Gregorini G., et al. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies reacting with human neutrophil elastase as a diagnostic marker for cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions but not autoimmune vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum 2004, 50:2954-2965.
    • (2004) Arthritis Rheum , vol.50 , pp. 2954-2965
    • Wiesner, O.1    Russell, K.A.2    Lee, A.S.3    Jenne, D.E.4    Trimarchi, M.5    Gregorini, G.6
  • 48
    • 0035174184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions. Clinical, radiographic, histopathologic and serologic features and their differentiation from Wegener granulomatosis
    • Trimarchi M., Gregorini G., Facchetti F., Morassi M.L., Manfredini C., Maroldi R., et al. Cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions. Clinical, radiographic, histopathologic and serologic features and their differentiation from Wegener granulomatosis. Medicine 2001, 80:391-404.
    • (2001) Medicine , vol.80 , pp. 391-404
    • Trimarchi, M.1    Gregorini, G.2    Facchetti, F.3    Morassi, M.L.4    Manfredini, C.5    Maroldi, R.6
  • 49
    • 0034607730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic cocaine alters hemodynamics and leukocyte-endothelial interactions in rat mesenteric venules
    • Chang S.L., Bersig J., Felix B., Fiala M., House S.D. Chronic cocaine alters hemodynamics and leukocyte-endothelial interactions in rat mesenteric venules. Life Sci 2000, 66(24):2357-2369.
    • (2000) Life Sci , vol.66 , Issue.24 , pp. 2357-2369
    • Chang, S.L.1    Bersig, J.2    Felix, B.3    Fiala, M.4    House, S.D.5
  • 51
    • 0017396563 scopus 로고
    • Levamisole induced arthritis
    • Siklos P. Levamisole induced arthritis. Br Med J 1977, 2(6089):773.
    • (1977) Br Med J , vol.2 , Issue.6089 , pp. 773
    • Siklos, P.1
  • 52
    • 0017739866 scopus 로고
    • Levamisole-induced arthritis in Crohn's disease
    • Segal A.W., Pugh S.F., Levi A.J., Loewi G. Levamisole-induced arthritis in Crohn's disease. Br Med J 1977, 2(6086):555.
    • (1977) Br Med J , vol.2 , Issue.6086 , pp. 555
    • Segal, A.W.1    Pugh, S.F.2    Levi, A.J.3    Loewi, G.4
  • 53
    • 74549117199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Letter to the editor: the possible role of levamisole in illicit cocaine preparations
    • Raymon L.P., Isenschmid D.S. Letter to the editor: the possible role of levamisole in illicit cocaine preparations. J Anal Toxicol 2009, 33(9):620-622.
    • (2009) J Anal Toxicol , vol.33 , Issue.9 , pp. 620-622
    • Raymon, L.P.1    Isenschmid, D.S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.