Virtually Naked: Virtual Environment Reveals Sex-Dependent Nature of Skin Disclosure

PLoS ONE

Volumn 7, Issue 12, 2012, Pages

  Lomanowska, Anna M ^a,b   Guitton, Matthieu J ^a,b  

^a CENTRE DE RECHERCHE DE L INSTITUT UNIVERSITAIRE EN SANTÉ MENTALE DE QUÉBEC   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; CONTROLLED STUDY; CULTURAL FACTOR; HYPERSEXUALITY; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS; SEX DIFFERENCE; SEXUALITY; SKIN; SKIN FUNCTION; SOCIAL INTERACTION; THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGING; VIRTUAL REALITY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BODY IMAGE; FEMALE; HUMANS; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; MALE; SELF DISCLOSURE; SEX FACTORS; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SKIN; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; USER-COMPUTER INTERFACE; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84871603952     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051921     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Jablonski NG (2006) Skin: A Natural History. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
2. Morris D (1967) The naked ape: a zoologist's study of the human animal. London: Cape.
3. Hietanen JK, Nummenmaa L, (2011) The naked truth: the face and body sensitive N170 response is enhanced for nude bodies. PLoS ONE 6: e24408.
4. Giard F, Guitton MJ, (2010) Beauty or realism: The dimensions of skin from cognitive sciences to computer graphics. Comput Human Behav 26: 1748-1752.
5. Rantala MJ, (2007) Evolution of nakedness in Homo sapiens. J Zool 273: 1-7.
6. Nummenmaa L, Hietanen JK, Santtila P, Hyona J (2012) Gender and Visibility of Sexual Cues Influence Eye Movements While Viewing Faces and Bodies. Arch Sex Behav.
7. Grammer K, Fink B, Moller AP, Thornhill R, (2003) Darwinian aesthetics: sexual selection and the biology of beauty. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 78: 385-407.
8. Nguyen T, Heslin R, Nguyen ML, (1975) The meanings of touch: sex differences. J Commun 25: 92-103.
9. Gallace A, Spence C, (2010) The science of interpersonal touch: an overview. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 34: 246-259.
10. Hansen KT, (2004) The World in Dress: Anthropological Perspectives on Clothing, Fashion, and Culture. Annu Rev Anthropol 33: 369-392.
11. Bainbridge WS, (2007) The scientific research potential of virtual worlds. Science 317: 472-476.
12. Blascovich J, Bailenson JN (2011) Infinite Reality- Avatars, Eternal Life, New Worlds, and the Dawn of the Virtual Revolution. New York: William Morrow.
13. Lomanowska AM, Guitton MJ, (2012) Spatial proximity to others determines how humans inhabit virtual worlds. Comput Human Behav 28: 318-323.
14. Gottschalk S, (2010) The Presentation of Avatars in Second Life: Self and Interaction in Social Virtual Spaces. Symb Interact 33: 501-525.
15. Shelton AK, (2010) Defining the lines between virtual and real world purchases: Second Life sells, but who's buying? Comput Human Behav 26: 1223-1227.
16. Harvey JS, Watkins GM, Sherman RT, (1984) Emergent burn care. South Med J 77: 204-214.
17. Wachtel TL, Berry CC, Wachtel EE, Frank HA, (2000) The inter-rater reliability of estimating the size of burns from various burn area chart drawings. Burns 26: 156-170.
18. Kasten KR, Makley AT, Kagan RJ, (2011) Update on the critical care management of severe burns. J Intensive Care Med 26: 223-236.
19. Ducheneaut N, Wen M-H, Yee N, Wadley G (2009) Body and mind: a study of avatar personalization in three virtual worlds. Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Boston, MA, USA: ACM.
20. Downs E, Smith SL, (2010) Keeping Abreast of Hypersexuality: A Video Game Character Content Analysis. Sex Roles 62: 721-733.
21. Jasienska G, Ziomkiewicz A, Ellison PT, Lipson SF, Thune I, (2004) Large breasts and narrow waists indicate high reproductive potential in women. Proc Biol Sci 271: 1213-1217.
22. Maisey DS, Vale EL, Cornelissen PL, Tovee MJ, (1999) Characteristics of male attractiveness for women. Lancet 353: 1500.
23. Braun MF, Bryan A, (2006) Female waist-to-hip and male waist-to-shoulder ratios as determinants of romantic partner desirability. J Soc Pers Relat 23: 805-819.
24. Hughes SM, Gallup Jr GG, (2003) Sex differences in morphological predictors of sexual behavior: Shoulder to hip and waist to hip ratios. Evol Hum Behav 24: 173-178.
25. Guitton MJ, (2012) The immersive impact of meta-media in a virtual world. Comput Human Behav 28: 450-455.
26. Guitton MJ, (2012) Living in the Hutt Space: Immersive process in the Star Wars Role-Play community of Second Life. Comput Human Behav 28: 1681-1691.
27. Miller M, Summers A, (2007) Gender Differences in Video Game Characters' Roles, Appearances, and Attire as Portrayed in Video Game Magazines. Sex Roles 57: 733-742.
28. Guitton MJ, (2011) Immersive Role of Non-Required Social Actions in Virtual Settings: The Example of Trade Role-Play in the Second Life Gorean Community. Design Principles and Practices: An International Journal 5: 209-220.
29. WebIndex (2012) World Wide Web Foundation. Retrieved October 16, 2012, from http://thewebindex.org/.
30. Abbey A, Cozzarelli C, McLaughlin K, Harnish RJ, (1987) The Effects of Clothing and Dyad Sex Composition on Perceptions of Sexual Intent: Do Women and Men Evaluate These Cues Differently1. J Appl Soc Psychol 17: 108-126.
31. Grammer K, Renninger L, Fischer B, (2004) Disco clothing, female sexual motivation, and relationship status: is she dressed to impress? J Sex Res 41: 66-74.
32. Hill EM, Nocks ES, Gardner L, (1987) Physical attractiveness: Manipulation by physique and status displays. Ethol Sociobiol 8: 143-154.
33. Buss DM, Schmitt DP, (1993) Sexual Strategies Theory: An evolutionary perspective on human mating. Psychol Rev 100: 204-232.
34. Jones SE, (1986) Sex differences in touch communication. West J Speech Commun 50: 227-241.
35. Stier DS, Hall JA, (1984) Gender differences in touch: An empirical and theoretical review. J Pers Soc Psychol 47: 440-459.
36. Hertenstein MJ, Keltner D, (2011) Gender and the communication of emotion via touch. Sex Roles 64: 70-80.
37. Guitton MJ, (2010) Cross-modal compensation between name and visual aspect in Socially active avatars. Comput Human Behav 26: 1772-1776.
38. Langlois JH, Kalakanis L, Rubenstein AJ, Larson A, Hallam M, et al. (2000) Maxims or myths of beauty? A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychol Bull 126: 390-423.
39. Ghazanfar AA, Santos LR, (2004) Primate brains in the wild: the sensory bases for social interactions. Nat Rev Neurosci 5: 603-616.