메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 954-964

Thyroid hormone analogues for the treatment of metabolic disorders: New potential for unmet clinical needs?

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

APOLIPOPROTEIN B; EPROTIROME; GC 24; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; KB 141; LIOTHYRONINE; LIPOPROTEIN A; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; MB 07344; MB 07811; N [4 [3 [(4 FLUOROPHENYL)HYDROXYMETHYL] 4 HYDROXYPHENOXY] 3,5 DIMETHYLPHENYL]MALONAMIC ACID; PLACEBO; THYROID HORMONE DERIVATIVE; THYROID HORMONE RECEPTOR; THYROID HORMONE RECEPTOR BETA; THYROID HORMONE RECEPTOR BETA AGONIST; THYROXINE; TRIAC 3,5 DIIODOTHYROPROPIONIC ACID; TRIACYLGLYCEROL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 84871386807     PISSN: 1530891X     EISSN: 19342403     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4158/EP12086.RA     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (29)

References (105)
  • 1
    • 79960614571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Atlanta, GA U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed for verification July 19,m 2012
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National diabetes fact sheet: national estimates and general information on diabetes and prediabetes in the United States, 2011. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011. www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/pdf/ ndfs-2011.pdf. Accessed for verification July 19, 2012.
    • (2011) National diabetes fact sheet: National estimates and general information on diabetes and prediabetes in the United States, 2011
  • 2
    • 74549140993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2008
    • Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL, Curtin LR. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2008. JAMA. 2010; 303: 235-241.
    • (2010) JAMA , vol.303 , pp. 235-241
    • Flegal, K.M.1    Carroll, M.D.2    Ogden, C.L.3    Curtin, L.R.4
  • 3
    • 79960614571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Diabetes Association, Accessed for verification July 19, 2012
    • American Diabetes Association. 2011 National Diabetes Fact Sheet. http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diabetes-statistics/?loc= DropDownDB-stats. Accessed for verification July 19, 2012.
    • (2011) National Diabetes Fact Sheet
  • 6
    • 76349121984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining and setting national goals for cardiovascular health promotion and disease reduction: The American Heart Association's strategic impact goal through 2020 and beyond
    • Lloyd-Jones DM, Hong Y, Labarthe D, et al. Defining and setting national goals for cardiovascular health promotion and disease reduction: the American Heart Association's strategic impact goal through 2020 and beyond. Circulation. 2010; 121: 586-613.
    • (2010) Circulation , vol.121 , pp. 586-613
    • Lloyd-Jones, D.M.1    Hong, Y.2    Labarthe, D.3
  • 7
    • 84871369423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Heart Association, Accessed for verification July 19, 2012
    • American Heart Association. Conditions associated with Coronary Heart Disease. http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Conditions-UCM-001087- SubHomePage.jsp. Accessed for verification July 19, 2012.
    • Conditions Associated with Coronary Heart Disease
  • 8
    • 0032032592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative dose efficacy study of atorvastatin versus simvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin, and fluvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia (the CURVES study)
    • [published correction appears in Am J Cardiol 1998; 82: 128]
    • Jones P, Kafonek S, Laurora I, Hunninghake D. Comparative dose efficacy study of atorvastatin versus simvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin, and fluvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia (the CURVES study) [published correction appears in Am J Cardiol. 1998; 82: 128]. Am J Cardiol. 1998; 81: 582-587.
    • (1998) Am J Cardiol. , vol.81 , pp. 582-587
    • Jones, P.1    Kafonek, S.2    Laurora, I.3    Hunninghake, D.4
  • 9
    • 0034723758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The lipid treatment assessment project (L-TAP): A multicenter survey to evaluate the percentages of dyslipidemic patients receiving lipid-lowering therapy and achieving low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals
    • Pearson TA, Laurora I, Chu H, Kafonek S. The lipid treatment assessment project (L-TAP): a multicenter survey to evaluate the percentages of dyslipidemic patients receiving lipid-lowering therapy and achieving low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals. Arch Intern Med. 2000; 160: 459-467.
    • (2000) Arch Intern Med , vol.160 , pp. 459-467
    • Pearson, T.A.1    Laurora, I.2    Chu, H.3    Kafonek, S.4
  • 10
    • 77958123680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid goals among patients with diabetes or metabolic syndrome: Lipid Treatment Assessment Project (L-TAP) 2
    • Jukema JW, Chiang CW, Ferrières J, et al. Lipid goals among patients with diabetes or metabolic syndrome: Lipid Treatment Assessment Project (L-TAP) 2. Curr Med Res Opin. 2010; 26: 2589-2597.
    • (2010) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.26 , pp. 2589-2597
    • Jukema, J.W.1    Chiang, C.W.2    Ferrières, J.3
  • 11
    • 84941874625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expanding the evidence base: Comparing randomized controlled trials and observational studies of statins
    • [Epub ahead of print]
    • Atar D, Ong S, Lansberg PJ. Expanding the evidence base: comparing randomized controlled trials and observational studies of statins. Am J Ther. 2012 [Epub ahead of print].
    • (2012) Am J Ther.
    • Atar, D.1    Ong, S.2    Lansberg, P.J.3
  • 12
    • 78651338445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standards of medical care in diabetes-2011
    • American Diabetes Association
    • American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2011. Diabetes Care. 2011; 34(suppl 1): S11-S61.
    • (2011) Diabetes Care , vol.34 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
  • 13
    • 79960657140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of achievement of A1c, blood pressure, and cholesterol (ABC) goal in veterans with diabetes
    • Vouri SM, Shaw RF, Waterbury NV, Egge JA, Alexander B. Prevalence of achievement of A1c, blood pressure, and cholesterol (ABC) goal in veterans with diabetes. J Manag Care Pharm. 2011; 17: 304-312.
    • (2011) J Manag Care Pharm , vol.17 , pp. 304-312
    • Vouri, S.M.1    Shaw, R.F.2    Waterbury, N.V.3    Egge, J.A.4    Alexander, B.5
  • 14
    • 37749000859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suboptimal control of glycemia, blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol in overweight adults with diabetes: The Look AHEAD Study
    • Bertoni AG, Clark JM, Feeney P, et al. Suboptimal control of glycemia, blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol in overweight adults with diabetes: the Look AHEAD Study. J Diabetes Complications. 2008; 22: 1-9.
    • (2008) J Diabetes Complications , vol.22 , pp. 1-9
    • Bertoni, A.G.1    Clark, J.M.2    Feeney, P.3
  • 15
    • 35848935201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cause-specific excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity
    • Flegal KM, Graubard BI, Williamson DF, Gail MH. Cause-specific excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity. JAMA. 2007; 298: 2028-2037.
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.298 , pp. 2028-2037
    • Flegal, K.M.1    Graubard, B.I.2    Williamson, D.F.3    Gail, M.H.4
  • 17
    • 80054955347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term persistence of hormonal adaptations to weight loss
    • Sumithran P, Prendergast LA, Delbridge E, et al. Long-term persistence of hormonal adaptations to weight loss. N Engl J Med. 2011; 365: 1597-1604.
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.365 , pp. 1597-1604
    • Sumithran, P.1    Prendergast, L.A.2    Delbridge, E.3
  • 18
    • 77953639982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular aspects of thyroid hormone actions
    • Cheng SY, Leonard JL, Davis PJ. Molecular aspects of thyroid hormone actions. Endocr Rev. 2010; 31: 139-170.
    • (2010) Endocr Rev , vol.31 , pp. 139-170
    • Cheng, S.Y.1    Leonard, J.L.2    Davis, P.J.3
  • 19
    • 0001202443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The thyroid gland
    • Greenspan FS, Gardner DG, eds. 7th ed. New York, NY: Lange Medical Books/McGraw Hill
    • Greenspan, FS. The Thyroid Gland. In: Greenspan FS, Gardner DG, eds. Basic and Clinical Endocrinology. 7th ed. New York, NY: Lange Medical Books/McGraw Hill, 2004: 215-294.
    • (2004) Basic and Clinical Endocrinology , pp. 215-294
    • Greenspan, F.S.1
  • 20
    • 0021273866 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms governing the relative proportions of thyroxine and 3, 5, 3′-triiodothyronine in thyroid secretion
    • Laurberg P. Mechanisms governing the relative proportions of thyroxine and 3, 5, 3′-triiodothyronine in thyroid secretion. Metabolism. 1984; 33: 379-392.
    • (1984) Metabolism , vol.33 , pp. 379-392
    • Laurberg, P.1
  • 21
    • 0032720491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergent roles for thyroid hormone receptor beta isoforms in the endocrine axis and auditory system
    • Abel ED, Boers ME, Pazos-Moura C, et al. Divergent roles for thyroid hormone receptor beta isoforms in the endocrine axis and auditory system. J Clin Invest. 1999; 104: 291-300.
    • (1999) J Clin Invest , vol.104 , pp. 291-300
    • Abel, E.D.1    Boers, M.E.2    Pazos-Moura, C.3
  • 22
    • 0036018266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of thyroid hormone action
    • Harvey CB, Williams GR. Mechanism of thyroid hormone action. Thyroid. 2002; 12: 441-446.
    • (2002) Thyroid , vol.12 , pp. 441-446
    • Harvey, C.B.1    Williams, G.R.2
  • 23
    • 0037633770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A thyrotoxic skeletal phenotype of advanced bone formation in mice with resistance to thyroid hormone
    • O'Shea PJ, Harvey CB, Suzuki H, et al. A thyrotoxic skeletal phenotype of advanced bone formation in mice with resistance to thyroid hormone. Mol Endocrinol. 2003; 17: 1410-1424.
    • (2003) Mol Endocrinol , vol.17 , pp. 1410-1424
    • O'shea, P.J.1    Harvey, C.B.2    Suzuki, H.3
  • 24
    • 0034651789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly women: The Rotterdam Study
    • Hak AE, Pols HA, Visser TJ, Drexhage HA, Hofman A, Witteman JC. Subclinical hypothyroidism is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly women: the Rotterdam Study. Ann Intern Med. 2000; 132: 270-278.
    • (2000) Ann Intern Med , vol.132 , pp. 270-278
    • Hak, A.E.1    Pols, H.A.2    Visser, T.J.3    Drexhage, H.A.4    Hofman, A.5    Witteman, J.C.6
  • 25
    • 0001611155 scopus 로고
    • Blood cholesterol values in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism-their significance
    • Mason RL, Hunt HM, Hurxthal L. Blood cholesterol values in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism-their significance. N Engl J Med. 1930; 203: 1273-1278.
    • (1930) N Engl J Med , vol.203 , pp. 1273-1278
    • Mason, R.L.1    Hunt, H.M.2    Hurxthal, L.3
  • 30
    • 78649647291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statin use and lipid levels in older adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001 to 2006
    • Robinson JG, Booth B. Statin use and lipid levels in older adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001 to 2006. J Clin Lipidol. 2010; 4: 483-490.
    • (2010) J Clin Lipidol. , vol.4 , pp. 483-490
    • Robinson, J.G.1    Booth, B.2
  • 31
    • 16644393741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). 1994
    • Pedersen TR, Kjekshus J, Berg K, et al. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). 1994. Atheroscler Suppl. 2004; 5: 81-87.
    • (2004) Atheroscler Suppl. , vol.5 , pp. 81-87
    • Pedersen, T.R.1    Kjekshus, J.2    Berg, K.3
  • 32
    • 12844271249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of rosuvastatin, atorvastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin on atherogenic dyslipidemia in patients with characteristics of the metabolic syndrome
    • Deedwania PC, Hunninghake DB, Bays HE, Jone PH, Cain VA, Blasetto JW. Effects of rosuvastatin, atorvastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin on atherogenic dyslipidemia in patients with characteristics of the metabolic syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 2005; 95: 360-366.
    • (2005) Am J Cardiol , vol.95 , pp. 360-366
    • Deedwania, P.C.1    Hunninghake, D.B.2    Bays, H.E.3    Jone, P.H.4    Cain, V.A.5    Blasetto, J.W.6
  • 33
    • 34848827936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting thyroid hormone receptor-beta agonists to the liver reduces cholesterol and triglycerides and improves the therapeutic index
    • Erion MD, Cable EE, Ito BR, et al. Targeting thyroid hormone receptor-beta agonists to the liver reduces cholesterol and triglycerides and improves the therapeutic index. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007; 104: 15490-15495.
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.104 , pp. 15490-15495
    • Erion, M.D.1    Cable, E.E.2    Ito, B.R.3
  • 34
    • 77949349469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of the thyroid hormone analogue eprotirome in statin-treated dyslipidemia
    • Ladenson PW, Kristensen JD, Ridgway EC, et al. Use of the thyroid hormone analogue eprotirome in statin-treated dyslipidemia. N Engl J Med. 2010; 362: 906-916.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.362 , pp. 906-916
    • Ladenson, P.W.1    Kristensen, J.D.2    Ridgway, E.C.3
  • 35
    • 0346299241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipoprotein(a) is a potential coronary risk factor
    • Fujino A, Watanabe T, Kunii H, et al. Lipoprotein(a) is a potential coronary risk factor. Jpn Circ J. 2000; 64: 51-56.
    • (2000) Jpn Circ J , vol.64 , pp. 51-56
    • Fujino, A.1    Watanabe, T.2    Kunii, H.3
  • 36
    • 78650603458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormones and thyroid hormone receptors: Effects of thyromimetics on reverse cholesterol transport
    • Pedrelli M, Pramfalk C, Parini P. Thyroid hormones and thyroid hormone receptors: effects of thyromimetics on reverse cholesterol transport. World J Gastroenterol. 2010; 16: 5958-5964.
    • (2010) World J Gastroenterol , vol.16 , pp. 5958-5964
    • Pedrelli, M.1    Pramfalk, C.2    Parini, P.3
  • 38
    • 22644432001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective thyroid receptor modulation by GC-1 reduces serum lipids and stimulates steps of reverse cholesterol transport in euthyroid mice
    • Johansson L, Rudling M, Scanlan TS, et al. Selective thyroid receptor modulation by GC-1 reduces serum lipids and stimulates steps of reverse cholesterol transport in euthyroid mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005; 102: 10297-10302.
    • (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.102 , pp. 10297-10302
    • Johansson, L.1    Rudling, M.2    Scanlan, T.S.3
  • 39
    • 17744387900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The thyroid hormone receptor-beta-selective agonist GC-1 differentially affects plasma lipids and cardiac activity
    • Trost SU, Swanson E, Gloss B, et al. The thyroid hormone receptor-beta-selective agonist GC-1 differentially affects plasma lipids and cardiac activity. Endocrinology. 2000; 141: 3057-3064.
    • (2000) Endocrinology , vol.141 , pp. 3057-3064
    • Trost, S.U.1    Swanson, E.2    Gloss, B.3
  • 40
    • 1642505721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the thyroid hormone receptor agonist GC-1 on metabolic rate and cholesterol in rats and primates: Selective actions relative to 3, 5, 3′-triiodo-L-thyronine
    • Grover GJ, Egan DM, Sleph PG, et al. Effects of the thyroid hormone receptor agonist GC-1 on metabolic rate and cholesterol in rats and primates: selective actions relative to 3, 5, 3′-triiodo-L-thyronine. Endocrinology. 2004; 145: 1656-1661.
    • (2004) Endocrinology , vol.145 , pp. 1656-1661
    • Grover, G.J.1    Egan, D.M.2    Sleph, P.G.3
  • 41
    • 56749129476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sobetirome is a TR- and liver selective thyromimetic that can effect substantial LDL-C lowering without significant changes in heart rate or the thyroid axis in euthyroid men
    • June 15-18; San Francisco, California
    • Lin VH, Klepp HM, Hanley RM. Sobetirome is a TR- and liver selective thyromimetic that can effect substantial LDL-C lowering without significant changes in heart rate or the thyroid axis in euthyroid men. Presented at the 90th Annual Meeting of The Endocrine Society, June 15-18, 2008; San Francisco, California.
    • (2008) 90th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society
    • Lin, V.H.1    Klepp, H.M.2    Hanley, R.M.3
  • 42
    • 67649519777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DITPA (3, 5-diiodothyropropionic acid), a thyroid hormone analog to treat heart failure: Phase II trial veterans affairs cooperative study
    • Goldman S, McCarren M, Morkin E, et al. DITPA (3, 5-diiodothyropropionic acid), a thyroid hormone analog to treat heart failure: phase II trial veterans affairs cooperative study. Circulation. 2009; 119: 3093-3100.
    • (2009) Circulation , vol.119 , pp. 3093-3100
    • Goldman, S.1    McCarren, M.2    Morkin, E.3
  • 43
    • 38649135692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The thyroid hormone mimetic compound KB2115 lowers plasma LDL cholesterol and stimulates bile acid synthesis without cardiac effects in humans
    • Berkenstam A, Kristensen J, Mellström K, et al. The thyroid hormone mimetic compound KB2115 lowers plasma LDL cholesterol and stimulates bile acid synthesis without cardiac effects in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008; 105: 663-667.
    • (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.105 , pp. 663-667
    • Berkenstam, A.1    Kristensen, J.2    Mellström, K.3
  • 44
    • 49649120105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and lipid lowering effects of the thyroid receptor beta subtype selective agonist KB141
    • Bryzgalova G, Effendic S, Khan A, et al. Anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and lipid lowering effects of the thyroid receptor beta subtype selective agonist KB141. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2008; 111: 262-267.
    • (2008) J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol , vol.111 , pp. 262-267
    • Bryzgalova, G.1    Effendic, S.2    Khan, A.3
  • 45
    • 0042734823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective thyroid hormone receptor-beta activation: A strategy for reduction of weight, cholesterol, and lipoprotein (a) with reduced cardiovascular liability
    • Grover GJ, Mellström K, Ye L, et al. Selective thyroid hormone receptor-beta activation: a strategy for reduction of weight, cholesterol, and lipoprotein (a) with reduced cardiovascular liability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003; 100: 10067-10072.
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.100 , pp. 10067-10072
    • Grover, G.J.1    Mellström, K.2    Ye, L.3
  • 46
    • 77649284831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The liver-selective thyromimetic T-0681 influences reverse cholesterol transport and atherosclerosis development in mice
    • Tancevski I, Demetz E, Eller P, et al. The liver-selective thyromimetic T-0681 influences reverse cholesterol transport and atherosclerosis development in mice. PLoS One. 2010; 5: e8722.
    • (2010) PLoS One , vol.5
    • Tancevski, I.1    Demetz, E.2    Eller, P.3
  • 47
    • 67649713432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The thyromimetic T-0681 protects from atherosclerosis
    • Tancevski I, Wehinger A, Demetz E, et al. The thyromimetic T-0681 protects from atherosclerosis. J Lipid Res. 2009; 50: 938-944.
    • (2009) J Lipid Res , vol.50 , pp. 938-944
    • Tancevski, I.1    Wehinger, A.2    Demetz, E.3
  • 48
    • 77749270649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the thyromimetic agent diiodothyropropionic acid on body weight, body mass index, and serum lipoproteins: A pilot prospective, randomized, controlled study
    • Ladenson PW, McCarren M, Morkin E, et al. Effects of the thyromimetic agent diiodothyropropionic acid on body weight, body mass index, and serum lipoproteins: a pilot prospective, randomized, controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010; 95: 1349-1354.
    • (2010) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.95 , pp. 1349-1354
    • Ladenson, P.W.1    McCarren, M.2    Morkin, E.3
  • 49
    • 77949904180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diiodothyropropionic acid: WO2008106213
    • Raval S. Diiodothyropropionic acid: WO2008106213. Expert Opin Ther Pat. 2010; 20: 593-596.
    • (2010) Expert Opin Ther Pat , vol.20 , pp. 593-596
    • Raval, S.1
  • 50
    • 34247344167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone receptor beta-specific agonist GC-1 increases energy expenditure and prevents fat-mass accumulation in rats
    • Villicev CM, Freitas FR, Aoki MS, et al. Thyroid hormone receptor beta-specific agonist GC-1 increases energy expenditure and prevents fat-mass accumulation in rats. J Endocrinol. 2007; 193: 21-29.
    • (2007) J Endocrinol , vol.193 , pp. 21-29
    • Villicev, C.M.1    Freitas, F.R.2    Aoki, M.S.3
  • 51
    • 0027241002 scopus 로고
    • The syndromes of resistance to thyroid hormone
    • Refetoff S, Weiss RE, Usala SJ. The syndromes of resistance to thyroid hormone. Endocr Rev. 1993; 14: 348-399.
    • (1993) Endocr Rev , vol.14 , pp. 348-399
    • Refetoff, S.1    Weiss, R.E.2    Usala, S.J.3
  • 52
    • 0032518922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal heart rate and body temperature in mice lacking thyroid hormone receptor alpha 1
    • Wikström L, Johansson C, Saltó C, et al. Abnormal heart rate and body temperature in mice lacking thyroid hormone receptor alpha 1. EMBO J. 1998; 17: 455-461.
    • (1998) EMBO J , vol.17 , pp. 455-461
    • Wikström, L.1    Johansson, C.2    Saltó, C.3
  • 53
    • 0029995572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recessive resistance to thyroid hormone in mice lacking thyroid hormone receptor beta: Evidence for tissue-specific modulation of receptor function
    • Forrest D, Hanebuth E, Smeyne RJ, et al. Recessive resistance to thyroid hormone in mice lacking thyroid hormone receptor beta: evidence for tissue-specific modulation of receptor function. EMBO J. 1996; 15: 3006-3015.
    • (1996) EMBO J , vol.15 , pp. 3006-3015
    • Forrest, D.1    Hanebuth, E.2    Smeyne, R.J.3
  • 54
    • 34547413046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid status during skeletal development determines adult bone structure and mineralization
    • Bassett JH, Nordström K, Boyde A, et al. Thyroid status during skeletal development determines adult bone structure and mineralization. Mol Endocrinol. 2007; 21: 1893-1904.
    • (2007) Mol Endocrinol , vol.21 , pp. 1893-1904
    • Bassett, J.H.1    Nordström, K.2    Boyde, A.3
  • 55
    • 67449123453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The skeletal phenotypes of TRalpha and TRbeta mutant mice
    • Bassett JH, Williams GR. The skeletal phenotypes of TRalpha and TRbeta mutant mice. J Mol Endocrinol. 2009; 42: 269-282.
    • (2009) J Mol Endocrinol , vol.42 , pp. 269-282
    • Bassett, J.H.1    Williams, G.R.2
  • 56
    • 0023854153 scopus 로고
    • Long-term growth in juvenile acquired hypothyroidism: The failure to achieve normal adult stature
    • Rivkees SA, Bode HH, Crawford JD. Long-term growth in juvenile acquired hypothyroidism: the failure to achieve normal adult stature. N Engl J Med. 1988; 318: 599-602.
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.318 , pp. 599-602
    • Rivkees, S.A.1    Bode, H.H.2    Crawford, J.D.3
  • 57
    • 0035184193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The aftermath of childhood hyperthyroidism
    • Segni M, Gorman CA. The aftermath of childhood hyperthyroidism. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2001; 14(suppl 5): 1277-1282.
    • (2001) J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab , vol.14 , Issue.SUPPL. 5 , pp. 1277-1282
    • Segni, M.1    Gorman, C.A.2
  • 58
    • 79961114007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of severity, duration, and etiology of hyperthyroidism on bone turnover markers and bone mineral density in men
    • El Hadidy ME, Ghonaim M, El Gawad SS, El Atta MA. Impact of severity, duration, and etiology of hyperthyroidism on bone turnover markers and bone mineral density in men. BMC Endocr Disord. 2011; 11: 15.
    • (2011) BMC Endocr Disord , vol.11 , pp. 15
    • El Hadidy, M.E.1    Ghonaim, M.2    El Gawad, S.S.3    El Atta, M.A.4
  • 59
    • 0015508990 scopus 로고
    • The coronary drug project: Findings leading to further modifications of its protocol with respect to dextrothyroxine
    • Coronary Drug Project Research Group
    • Coronary Drug Project Research Group. The coronary drug project: findings leading to further modifications of its protocol with respect to dextrothyroxine. JAMA. 1972; 220: 996-1008.
    • (1972) JAMA , vol.220 , pp. 996-1008
  • 60
    • 0021996489 scopus 로고
    • Stereospecific transport of triiodothyronine from plasma to cytosol and from cytosol to nucleus in rat liver, kidney, brain, and heart
    • Oppenheimer JH, Schwartz HL. Stereospecific transport of triiodothyronine from plasma to cytosol and from cytosol to nucleus in rat liver, kidney, brain, and heart. J Clin Invest. 1985; 75: 147-154.
    • (1985) J Clin Invest , vol.75 , pp. 147-154
    • Oppenheimer, J.H.1    Schwartz, H.L.2
  • 61
    • 0021063863 scopus 로고
    • Distribution and metabolism of L- and D-triiodothyronine (T3) in the rat: Preferential accumulation of L-T3 by hepatic and cardiac nuclei as a probable explanation of the differential biological potency of T3 enantiomers
    • Schwartz HL, Trence D, Oppenheimer JH, Jiang NS, Jump DB. Distribution and metabolism of L- and D-triiodothyronine (T3) in the rat: preferential accumulation of L-T3 by hepatic and cardiac nuclei as a probable explanation of the differential biological potency of T3 enantiomers. Endocrinology. 1983; 113: 1236-1243.
    • (1983) Endocrinology , vol.113 , pp. 1236-1243
    • Schwartz, H.L.1    Trence, D.2    Oppenheimer, J.H.3    Jiang, N.S.4    Jump, D.B.5
  • 62
    • 0021719132 scopus 로고
    • L-thyroxine contamination of pharmaceutical D-thyroxine: Probable cause of therapeutic effect
    • Young WF Jr, Gorman CA, Jiang NS, Machacek D, Hay ID. L-thyroxine contamination of pharmaceutical D-thyroxine: probable cause of therapeutic effect. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1984; 36: 781-787.
    • (1984) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.36 , pp. 781-787
    • Young Jr., W.F.1    Gorman, C.A.2    Jiang, N.S.3    MacHacek, D.4    Hay, I.D.5
  • 63
    • 0031975980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D-thyroxine reduces lipoprotein(a) serum concentration in dialysis patients
    • Bommer C, Werle E, Walter-Sack I, et al. D-thyroxine reduces lipoprotein(a) serum concentration in dialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1998; 9: 90-96.
    • (1998) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.9 , pp. 90-96
    • Bommer, C.1    Werle, E.2    Walter-Sack, I.3
  • 65
    • 58749104333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of ligands for thyroid receptor subtypes and their interactions with co-regulators
    • Koury EJ, Pawlyk AC, Berrodin TJ, Smolenski CL, Nagpal S, Deecher DC. Characterization of ligands for thyroid receptor subtypes and their interactions with co-regulators. Steroids. 2009; 74: 270-276.
    • (2009) Steroids , vol.74 , pp. 270-276
    • Koury, E.J.1    Pawlyk, A.C.2    Berrodin, T.J.3    Smolenski, C.L.4    Nagpal, S.5    Deecher, D.C.6
  • 67
    • 0000918721 scopus 로고
    • The hemodynamics of thyrotoxicosis in man with special reference to coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen metabolism
    • Rowe GG, Huston JH, Weinstein AB, Tuchman H, Brown JF, Crumpton CW. The hemodynamics of thyrotoxicosis in man with special reference to coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen metabolism. J Clin Invest. 1956; 35: 272-276.
    • (1956) J Clin Invest , vol.35 , pp. 272-276
    • Rowe, G.G.1    Huston, J.H.2    Weinstein, A.B.3    Tuchman, H.4    Brown, J.F.5    Crumpton, C.W.6
  • 68
    • 2042440100 scopus 로고
    • The circulation in hyperthyroidism: A cardiac catheterization study before and after treatment
    • Humerfelt S, Muller O, Storstein O. The circulation in hyperthyroidism: a cardiac catheterization study before and after treatment. Am Heart J. 1958; 56: 87-94.
    • (1958) Am Heart J , vol.56 , pp. 87-94
    • Humerfelt, S.1    Muller, O.2    Storstein, O.3
  • 69
    • 0001452728 scopus 로고
    • A correlation of clinical and hemodynamic studies in patients with hyperthyroidism with and without congestive heart failure
    • Graettinger JS, Muenster JJ, Selverstone LA, Campbell JA. A correlation of clinical and hemodynamic studies in patients with hyperthyroidism with and without congestive heart failure. J Clin Invest. 1959; 38: 1316-1327.
    • (1959) J Clin Invest , vol.38 , pp. 1316-1327
    • Graettinger, J.S.1    Muenster, J.J.2    Selverstone, L.A.3    Campbell, J.A.4
  • 70
    • 0026707452 scopus 로고
    • Cardiac effects of 3, 5-diiodothyropropionic acid, a thyroid hormone analog with inotropic selectivity
    • Pennock GD, Raya TE, Bahl JJ, Goldman S, Morkin E. Cardiac effects of 3, 5-diiodothyropropionic acid, a thyroid hormone analog with inotropic selectivity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1992; 263: 163-169.
    • (1992) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.263 , pp. 163-169
    • Pennock, G.D.1    Raya, T.E.2    Bahl, J.J.3    Goldman, S.4    Morkin, E.5
  • 71
    • 84871368848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. National Institutes of Health, Clinical Trials.gov. Accessed July 19, 2012
    • U.S. National Institutes of Health, Clinical Trials.gov. http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/search. Accessed July 19, 2012.
  • 74
    • 80054875997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac specific effects of thyroid hormone analogues
    • Danzi S, Klein I. Cardiac specific effects of thyroid hormone analogues. Horm Metab Res. 2011; 43: 737-742.
    • (2011) Horm Metab Res , vol.43 , pp. 737-742
    • Danzi, S.1    Klein, I.2
  • 75
    • 84861182041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery of novel indane derivatives as liver-selective thyroid hormone receptor b (TRb) agonists for the treatment of dyslipidemia
    • Shiohara H, Nakamura T, Kikuchi N, et al. Discovery of novel indane derivatives as liver-selective thyroid hormone receptor b (TRb) agonists for the treatment of dyslipidemia. Bioorg Med Chem. 2012; 20: 3622-3634.
    • (2012) Bioorg Med Chem. , vol.20 , pp. 3622-3634
    • Shiohara, H.1    Nakamura, T.2    Kikuchi, N.3
  • 76
    • 11144357250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design, synthesis, and characterization of a series of cytochrome P(450) 3A-activated prodrugs (HepDirect prodrugs) useful for targeting phosph(on)ate-based drugs to the liver
    • Erion MD, Reddy KR, Boyer SH, et al. Design, synthesis, and characterization of a series of cytochrome P(450) 3A-activated prodrugs (HepDirect prodrugs) useful for targeting phosph(on)ate-based drugs to the liver. J Am Chem Soc. 2004; 126: 5154-5163.
    • (2004) J Am Chem Soc , vol.126 , pp. 5154-5163
    • Erion, M.D.1    Reddy, K.R.2    Boyer, S.H.3
  • 77
    • 73949144655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gaining ligand selectivity in thyroid hormone receptors via entropy
    • Martinez L, Nascimento AS, Nunes FM, et al. Gaining ligand selectivity in thyroid hormone receptors via entropy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009; 106: 20717-20722.
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.106 , pp. 20717-20722
    • Martinez, L.1    Nascimento, A.S.2    Nunes, F.M.3
  • 78
    • 64049099095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone mimetics: Potential applications in atherosclerosis, obesity and type 2 diabetes
    • Baxter JD, Webb P. Thyroid hormone mimetics: potential applications in atherosclerosis, obesity and type 2 diabetes. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2009; 8: 308-320.
    • (2009) Nat Rev Drug Discov , vol.8 , pp. 308-320
    • Baxter, J.D.1    Webb, P.2
  • 80
    • 84871397558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FierceBiotech, its product candidate. Accessed for verification July 19, 2012
    • FierceBiotech. Metabasis therapeutics announces the publication of pre-clinical findings on MB07811, its product candidate. http://www. fiercebiotech.com/press-releases/metabasis-therapeutics-announces-publication- pre-clinical-findings-mb07811-its-produc. Accessed for verification July 19, 2012.
    • Metabasis Therapeutics Announces the Publication of Pre-clinical Findings on MB07811
  • 81
    • 65449171996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone beta receptor activation has additive cholesterol lowering activity in combination with atorvastatin in rabbits, dogs and monkeys
    • Ito BR, Zhang BH, Cable EE, et al. Thyroid hormone beta receptor activation has additive cholesterol lowering activity in combination with atorvastatin in rabbits, dogs and monkeys. Br J Pharmacol. 2009; 156: 454-465.
    • (2009) Br J Pharmacol , vol.156 , pp. 454-465
    • Ito, B.R.1    Zhang, B.H.2    Cable, E.E.3
  • 82
    • 84871366479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ligand Pharmaceuticals, Accessed for verification July 19, 2012
    • Ligand Pharmaceuticals. Ligand Pipeline. http://www.ligand.com/pipeline. Accessed for verification July 19, 2012.
    • Ligand Pipeline
  • 83
    • 84871400351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Karo Bio, Accessed for verification July 19, 2012
    • Karo Bio. Karo Bio terminates the eprotirome program. http://www.karobio.com. Accessed for verification July 19, 2012.
    • Karo Bio Terminates the Eprotirome Program
  • 84
    • 0029561581 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone control of thermogenesis and energy balance
    • Silva JE. Thyroid hormone control of thermogenesis and energy balance. Thyroid. 1995; 5: 481-492.
    • (1995) Thyroid , vol.5 , pp. 481-492
    • Silva, J.E.1
  • 85
    • 77956261855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New insights into regulation of lipid metabolism by thyroid hormone
    • Zhu X, Cheng SY. New insights into regulation of lipid metabolism by thyroid hormone. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2010; 17: 408-413.
    • (2010) Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes , vol.17 , pp. 408-413
    • Zhu, X.1    Cheng, S.Y.2
  • 86
    • 0034932901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone-sympathetic interaction and adaptive thermogenesis are thyroid hormone receptor isoform-specific
    • Ribeiro MO, Carvalho SD, Schultz JJ, et al. Thyroid hormone-sympathetic interaction and adaptive thermogenesis are thyroid hormone receptor isoform-specific. J Clin Invest. 2001; 108: 97-105.
    • (2001) J Clin Invest , vol.108 , pp. 97-105
    • Ribeiro, M.O.1    Carvalho, S.D.2    Schultz, J.J.3
  • 88
    • 0017329131 scopus 로고
    • Influence of experimental hyperthyroidism on skeletal muscle metabolism in the rat
    • van Hardeveld C, Kassenaar AA. Influence of experimental hyperthyroidism on skeletal muscle metabolism in the rat. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1977; 85: 71-83.
    • (1977) Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) , vol.85 , pp. 71-83
    • Van Hardeveld, C.1    Kassenaar, A.A.2
  • 89
    • 80655145199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic effects of liothyronine therapy in hypothyroidism: A randomized, double-blind, crossover trial of liothyronine versus levothyroxine
    • Celi FS, Zemskova M, Linderman JD, et al. Metabolic effects of liothyronine therapy in hypothyroidism: a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial of liothyronine versus levothyroxine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011; 96: 3466-3474.
    • (2011) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.96 , pp. 3466-3474
    • Celi, F.S.1    Zemskova, M.2    Linderman, J.D.3
  • 90
    • 22144494186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature homeostasis in transgenic mice lacking thyroid hormone receptor-alpha gene products
    • Marrif H, Schifman A, Stepanyan Z, et al. Temperature homeostasis in transgenic mice lacking thyroid hormone receptor-alpha gene products. Endocrinology. 2005; 146: 2872-2884.
    • (2005) Endocrinology , vol.146 , pp. 2872-2884
    • Marrif, H.1    Schifman, A.2    Stepanyan, Z.3
  • 91
    • 0142052836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spared bone mass in rats treated with thyroid hormone receptor TR beta-selective compound GC-1
    • Freitas FR, Moriscot AS, Jorgetti V, et al. Spared bone mass in rats treated with thyroid hormone receptor TR beta-selective compound GC-1. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2003; 285: E1135-E1141.
    • (2003) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.285
    • Freitas, F.R.1    Moriscot, A.S.2    Jorgetti, V.3
  • 92
    • 0033035459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac cachexia: A syndrome with impaired survival and immune and neuroendocrine activation
    • Anker SD, Coats AJ. Cardiac cachexia: a syndrome with impaired survival and immune and neuroendocrine activation. Chest. 1999; 115: 836-847.
    • (1999) Chest , vol.115 , pp. 836-847
    • Anker, S.D.1    Coats, A.J.2
  • 93
    • 70449421916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A TRbeta-selective agonist confers resistance to diet-induced obesity
    • Amorim BS, Ueta CB, Freitas BC, et al. A TRbeta-selective agonist confers resistance to diet-induced obesity. J Endocrinol. 2009; 203: 291-299.
    • (2009) J Endocrinol , vol.203 , pp. 291-299
    • Amorim, B.S.1    Ueta, C.B.2    Freitas, B.C.3
  • 94
    • 57349126931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PPARalpha activation and increased dietary lipid oppose thyroid hormone signaling and rescue impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in hyperthyroidism
    • Holness MJ, Greenwood GK, Smith ND, Sugden MC. PPARalpha activation and increased dietary lipid oppose thyroid hormone signaling and rescue impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in hyperthyroidism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2008; 295: E1380-E1389.
    • (2008) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.295
    • Holness, M.J.1    Greenwood, G.K.2    Smith, N.D.3    Sugden, M.C.4
  • 95
    • 0023443502 scopus 로고
    • Continued glucose output after re-feeding contributes to glucose intolerance in hyperthyroidism
    • Holness MJ, Sugden MC. Continued glucose output after re-feeding contributes to glucose intolerance in hyperthyroidism. Biochem J. 1987; 247: 801-804.
    • (1987) Biochem J , vol.247 , pp. 801-804
    • Holness, M.J.1    Sugden, M.C.2
  • 96
    • 77958154730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin action in hyperthyroidism: A focus on muscle and adipose tissue
    • Mitrou P, Raptis SA, Dimitriadis G. Insulin action in hyperthyroidism: a focus on muscle and adipose tissue. Endocr Rev. 2010; 31: 663-679.
    • (2010) Endocr Rev , vol.31 , pp. 663-679
    • Mitrou, P.1    Raptis, S.A.2    Dimitriadis, G.3
  • 97
    • 0014559518 scopus 로고
    • The role of thyroid function in the metabolism of perfused rat liver with particular reference to gluconeogenesis
    • Menahan LA, Wieland O. The role of thyroid function in the metabolism of perfused rat liver with particular reference to gluconeogenesis. Eur J Biochem. 1969; 10: 188-194.
    • (1969) Eur J Biochem , vol.10 , pp. 188-194
    • Menahan, L.A.1    Wieland, O.2
  • 98
    • 0014764988 scopus 로고
    • Fluctuation of hepatic enzymes important in glucose metabolism in relation to thyroid function
    • Böttger I, Kriegel H, Wieland O. Fluctuation of hepatic enzymes important in glucose metabolism in relation to thyroid function. Eur J Biochem. 1970; 13: 253-257.
    • (1970) Eur J Biochem , vol.13 , pp. 253-257
    • Böttger, I.1    Kriegel, H.2    Wieland, O.3
  • 99
    • 0021360855 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone action on intermediary metabolism: Part I; Respiration, thermogenesis and carbohydrate metabolism
    • Müller MJ, Seitz HJ. Thyroid hormone action on intermediary metabolism: Part I; respiration, thermogenesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Klin Wochenschr. 1984; 62: 11-18.
    • (1984) Klin Wochenschr , vol.62 , pp. 11-18
    • Müller, M.J.1    Seitz, H.J.2
  • 100
    • 0017095448 scopus 로고
    • The inhibition of insulin secretion from the perfused rat pancreas after thyroxine treatment
    • Lenzen S, Joost HG, Hasselblatt A. The inhibition of insulin secretion from the perfused rat pancreas after thyroxine treatment. Diabetologia. 1976; 12: 495-500.
    • (1976) Diabetologia , vol.12 , pp. 495-500
    • Lenzen, S.1    Joost, H.G.2    Hasselblatt, A.3
  • 101
    • 0017796536 scopus 로고
    • Dose-response studies on the inhibitory effect of thyroid hormones on insulin secretion in the rat
    • Lenzen S. Dose-response studies on the inhibitory effect of thyroid hormones on insulin secretion in the rat. Metabolism. 1978; 27: 81-88.
    • (1978) Metabolism , vol.27 , pp. 81-88
    • Lenzen, S.1
  • 102
    • 0018139050 scopus 로고
    • Carbohydrate metabolism in thyrotoxicosis: Studies on insulin secretion before and after remission from the hyperthyroid state
    • Wajchenberg BL, Cesar FP, Leme CE, Souza IT, Pieroni RR, Mattar E. Carbohydrate metabolism in thyrotoxicosis: studies on insulin secretion before and after remission from the hyperthyroid state. Horm Metab Res. 1978; 10: 294-299.
    • (1978) Horm Metab Res , vol.10 , pp. 294-299
    • Wajchenberg, B.L.1    Cesar, F.P.2    Leme, C.E.3    Souza, I.T.4    Pieroni, R.R.5    Mattar, E.6
  • 103
    • 77953411739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The thyroid hormone T3 improves function and survival of rat pancreatic islets during in vitro culture
    • Verga Falzacappa C, Mangialardo C, Raffa S, et al. The thyroid hormone T3 improves function and survival of rat pancreatic islets during in vitro culture. Islets. 2010; 2: 96-103.
    • (2010) Islets , vol.2 , pp. 96-103
    • Verga Falzacappa, C.1    Mangialardo, C.2    Raffa, S.3
  • 104
    • 65349161564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The TRbeta1 is essential in mediating T3 action on Akt pathway in human pancreatic insulinoma cells
    • Verga Falzacappa C, Patriarca V, Bucci B, et al. The TRbeta1 is essential in mediating T3 action on Akt pathway in human pancreatic insulinoma cells. J Cell Biochem. 2009; 106: 835-848.
    • (2009) J Cell Biochem , vol.106 , pp. 835-848
    • Verga Falzacappa, C.1    Patriarca, V.2    Bucci, B.3
  • 105
    • 80053310960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone T3 counteracts STZ induced diabetes in mouse
    • Verga Falzacappa C, Mangialardo C, Madaro L, et al. Thyroid hormone T3 counteracts STZ induced diabetes in mouse. PLoS One. 2011; 6: e19839.
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6
    • Verga Falzacappa, C.1    Mangialardo, C.2    Madaro, L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.