Metabolic effects of liothyronine therapy in hypothyroidism: A randomized, double-blind, crossover trial of liothyronine versus levothyroxine

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volumn 96, Issue 11, 2011, Pages 3466-3474

  Celi, Francesco S ^a   Zemskova, Marina ^a   Linderman, Joyce D ^a   Smith, Sheila ^a   Drinkard, Bart ^b   Sachdev, Vandana ^c   Skarulis, Monica C ^a   Kozlosky, Merel ^b   Csako, Gyorgy ^b   Costello, Rene ^b   Pucino, Frank ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES   (United States)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH   (United States)

^c NATIONAL HEART LUNG AND BLOOD INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

APOLIPOPROTEIN B; CHOLESTEROL; GLUCOSE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; INSULIN; LEVOTHYROXINE; LIOTHYRONINE; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; THYROTROPIN;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CROSSOVER PROCEDURE; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; EXERCISE TOLERANCE; FEMALE; GLUCOSE METABOLISM; HEART RATE; HORMONE SUBSTITUTION; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HUMAN; HYPOTHYROIDISM; INSULIN SENSITIVITY; LIPOPROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; NONHUMAN; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; THYROTROPIN BLOOD LEVEL; TREATMENT DURATION; VOLUNTEER;

ADULT; AGED; APOLIPOPROTEINS B; BODY COMPOSITION; BONE DENSITY; CHOLESTEROL; CROSS-OVER STUDIES; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; QUALITY OF LIFE; THYROID HORMONES; THYROXINE; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TRIIODOTHYRONINE;

RODENTIA;

EID: 80655145199     PISSN: 0021972X     EISSN: 19457197     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-1329     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. 4, and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:489-499
2. Canaris GJ, Manowitz NR, Mayor G, Ridgway EC 2000 The Colorado thyroid disease prevalence study. Arch Intern Med 160:526-534 (Pubitemid 30112276)
3. Murray GR 1891 Note on the treatment of myxoedema by hypodermic injections of an extract of the thyroid gland of a sheep. Br Med J 2:796-797
4. Harington CR, Barger G 1927 Chemistry of thyroxine: constitution and synthesis of thyroxine. Biochem J 21:169-183
5. Fish LH, Schwartz HL, Cavanaugh J, Steffes MW, Bantle JP, Oppenheimer JH 1987 Replacement dose, metabolism, and bioavailability of levothyroxine in the treatment of hypothyroidism. Role of triiodothyronine in pituitary feedback in humans. N Engl J Med 316:764-770 (Pubitemid 17046084)
6. Mandel SJ, Brent GA, Larsen PR 1993 Levothyroxine therapy in patients with thyroid disease. Ann Intern Med 119:492-502 (Pubitemid 23310112)
7. Singer PA, Cooper DS, Levy EG, Ladenson PW, Braverman LE, Daniels G, Greenspan FS, McDougall IR, Nikolai TF 1995 Treatment guidelines for patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Standards of Care Committee, American Thyroid Association. JAMA 273:808-812
8. Gharib H, Papini E, Valcavi R, Baskin HJ, Crescenzi A, Dottorini ME, Duick DS, Guglielmi R, Hamilton Jr CR, Zeiger MA, Zini M 2006 American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and Associazione Medici Endocrinologi medical guidelines for clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules. Endocr Pract 12:63-102
9. Jonklaas J, Davidson B, Bhagat S, Soldin SJ 2008 Triiodothyronine levels in athyreotic individuals during levothyroxine therapy. JAMA 299:769-777 (Pubitemid 351281570)
10. Escobar-Morreale HF, Obregón MJ, Escobar del Rey F, Morreale de Escobar G 1995 Replacement therapy for hypothyroidism with thyroxine alone does not ensure euthyroidism in all tissues, as studied in thyroidectomized rats. J Clin Invest 96:2828-2838
11. Escobar-Morreale HF, del Rey FE, Obregón MJ, de Escobar GM 1996 Only the combined treatment with thyroxine and triiodothyronine ensures euthyroidism in all tissues of the thyroidectomized rat. Endocrinology 137:2490-2502 (Pubitemid 26155786)
12. Saravanan P, Chau WF, Roberts N, Vedhara K, Greenwood R, Dayan CM 2002 Psychological well-being in patients on 'adequate'doses of L-thyroxine: results of a large, controlled community-based questionnaire study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 57:577-585 (Pubitemid 35316973)
13. Bunevicius R, Kazanavicius G, Zalinkevicius R, Prange Jr AJ 1999 Effects of thyroxine as compared with thyroxine plus triiodothyronine in patients with hypothyroidism. N Engl J Med 340:424-429 (Pubitemid 29084773)
14. Appelhof BC, Fliers E, Wekking EM, Schene AH, Huyser J, Tijssen JG, Endert E, van Weert HC, Wiersinga WM 2005 Combined therapy with levothyroxine and liothyronine in two ratios, compared with levothyroxine monotherapy in primary hypothyroidism: a double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:2666-2674 (Pubitemid 40686307)
15. Bunevicius R, Jakubonien N, Jurkevicius R, Cernicat J, Lasas L, Prange Jr AJ 2002 Thyroxine vs thyroxine plus triiodothyronine in treatment of hypothyroidism after thyroidectomy for Graves' disease. Endocrine 18:129-133
16. 4 and triiodothyronine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92:4115-4122
17. 4 replacement therapy: results of a large community-based randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:805-812
18. Panicker V, Saravanan P, Vaidya B, Evans J, Hattersley AT, Frayling TM, Dayan CM 2009 Common variation in the DIO2 gene predicts baseline psychological well-being and response to combination thyroxine plus triiodothyronine therapy in hypothyroid patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94:1623-1629
19. Clyde PW, Harari AE, Getka EJ, Shakir KM 2003 Combined levothyroxine plus liothyronine compared with levothyroxine alone in primary hypothyroidism: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 290:2952-2958 (Pubitemid 37505527)
20. Escobar-Morreale HF, Botella-Carretero JI, Gomez-Bueno M, Galan JM, Barrios V, Sancho J 2005 Thyroid hormone replacement therapy in primary hypothyroidism: a randomized trial comparing L-thyroxine plus liothyronine with L-thyroxine alone. Ann Intern Med 142:412-424
21. 4 alone in patients with hypothyroidism? Results of a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:4551-4555
22. Siegmund W, Spieker K, Weike AI, Giessmann T, Modess C, Dabers T, Kirsch G, Sanger E, Engel G, Hamm AO, Nauck M, Meng W 2004 Replacement therapy with levothyroxine plus triiodothyronine (bioavailable molar ratio 14:1) is not superior to thyroxine alone to improve well-being and cognitive performance in hypothyroidism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 60:750-757 (Pubitemid 38788084)
23. Walsh JP, Shiels L, Lim EM, Bhagat CI, Ward LC, Stuckey BG, Dhaliwal SS, Chew GT, Bhagat MC, Cussons AJ 2003 Combined thyroxine/liothyronine treatment does not improve well-being, quality of life, or cognitive function compared to thyroxine alone: a randomized controlled trial in patients with primary hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:4543-4550 (Pubitemid 37357490)
24. Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB, Greene T, Rogers N, Roth D 1999 A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Ann Intern Med 130:461-470 (Pubitemid 29135798)
25. Celi FS, Zemskova M, Linderman JD, Babar NI, Skarulis MC, Csako G, Wesley R, Costello R, Penzak SR, Pucino F 2010 The pharmacodynamic equivalence of levothyroxine and liothyronine: a randomized, double blind, cross-over study in thyroidectomized patients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 72:709-715
26. Ware Jr JE, Sherbourne CD 1992 The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med Care 30:473-483
27. Gereben B, Zavacki AM, Ribich S, Kim BW, Huang SA, Simonides WS, Zeöld A, Bianco AC 2008 Cellular and molecular basis of deiodinase-regulated thyroid hormone signaling. Endocr Rev 29:898-938
28. Blanchard KR 2004 Dosage recommendations for combination regimen of thyroxine and 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:1486-1487; author reply 1487-1488
29. Pilo A, Iervasi G, Vitek F, Ferdeghini M, Cazzuola F, Bianchi R 1990 Thyroidal and peripheral production of 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine in humans by multicompartmental analysis. Am J Physiol 258:E715-E726 (Pubitemid 20142356)
30. Bianco AC, Salvatore D, Gereben B, Berry MJ, Larsen PR 2002 Biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, and physiological roles of the iodothyronine selenodeiodinases. Endocr Rev 23:38-89 (Pubitemid 34185306)
31. Christoffolete MA, Ribeiro R, Singru P, Fekete C, da Silva WS, Gordon DF, Huang SA, Crescenzi A, Harney JW, Ridgway EC, Larsen PR, Lechan RM, Bianco AC 2006 Atypical expression of type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase in thyrotrophs explains the thyroxine-mediated pituitary thyrotropin feedback mechanism. Endocrinology 147:1735-1743
32. Kim B 2008 Thyroid hormone as a determinant of energy expenditure and the basal metabolic rate. Thyroid 18:141-144 (Pubitemid 351271535)
33. Hall KD, Jordan PN 2008 Modeling weight-loss maintenance to help prevent body weight regain. Am J Clin Nutr 88:1495-1503
34. da Rocha EE, Alves VG, da Fonseca RB 2006 Indirect calorimetry: methodology, instruments and clinical application. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 9:247-256
35. Paras C, Hussain MM, Rosenson RS 2010 Emerging drugs for hyperlipidemia. Expert opinion on emerging drugs 15:433-451
36. Ladenson PW, Kristensen JD, Ridgway EC, Olsson AG, Carlsson B, Klein I, Baxter JD, Angelin B 2010 Use of the thyroid hormone analogue eprotirome in statin-treated dyslipidemia. N Engl J Med 362:906-916
37. Raboudi N, Arem R, Jones RH, Chap Z, Pena J, Chou J, Field JB 1989 Fasting and postabsorptive hepatic glucose and insulin metabolism in hyperthyroidism. Am J Physiol 256:E159-E166
38. Salvatore D, Bartha T, Harney JW, Larsen PR 1996 Molecular biological and biochemical characterization of the human type 2 selenodeiodinase. Endocrinology 137:3308-3315 (Pubitemid 26250180)
39. Gouveia CH, Christoffolete MA, Zaitune CR, Dora JM, Harney JW, Maia AL, Bianco AC 2005 Type 2 iodothyronine selenodeiodinase is expressed throughout the mouse skeleton and in the MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblastic cell line during differentiation. Endocrinology 146:195-200 (Pubitemid 40051739)
40. Hennemann G, Docter R, Friesema EC, de Jong M, Krenning EP, Visser TJ 2001 Plasma membrane transport of thyroid hormones and its role in thyroid hormone metabolism and bioavailability. Endocr Rev 22:451-476 (Pubitemid 32762323)