메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 353-365

Molecular Biology of the Hepatitis B Virus for Clinicians

Author keywords

Genotype; HBsAg; Hepadnavirus; PgRNA; RcDNA

Indexed keywords

GENOMIC DNA; GENOMIC RNA; HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN; HEPATITIS B(E) ANTIGEN; NUCLEIC ACID; RIBONUCLEASE;

EID: 84871049979     PISSN: 09736883     EISSN: 22133453     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2012.10.003     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (65)

References (116)
  • 1
    • 84862664371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of chronic hepatitis B
    • European Association for the Study of the Liver
    • EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: management of chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 2012, 57:167-185. European Association for the Study of the Liver.
    • (2012) J Hepatol , vol.57 , pp. 167-185
  • 2
    • 0019451351 scopus 로고
    • Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B virus. A prospective study of 22,707 men in Taiwan
    • Beasley R.P., Hwang L.Y., Lin C.C., Chien C.S. Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B virus. A prospective study of 22,707 men in Taiwan. Lancet 1981, 2:1129-1133.
    • (1981) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1129-1133
    • Beasley, R.P.1    Hwang, L.Y.2    Lin, C.C.3    Chien, C.S.4
  • 5
    • 0002190318 scopus 로고
    • Eine icterus epidemic
    • [in German]
    • Lurman A. Eine icterus epidemic. Berl Klin Woschenschr 1885, 22:20-23. [in German].
    • (1885) Berl Klin Woschenschr , vol.22 , pp. 20-23
    • Lurman, A.1
  • 6
    • 0002527934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral hepatitis
    • Blackwell Science Ltd, Milan, S. Sherlock, J. Dooley (Eds.)
    • Sherlock S., Dooley J. Viral hepatitis. Disease of the Liver and Biliary System 1997, 265-302. Blackwell Science Ltd, Milan. 10th ed. S. Sherlock, J. Dooley (Eds.).
    • (1997) Disease of the Liver and Biliary System , pp. 265-302
    • Sherlock, S.1    Dooley, J.2
  • 7
    • 84871044940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The chronicle of viral hepatitis
    • Zuckerman A.J. The chronicle of viral hepatitis. Bull Hyg Trop Dis 1997, 54:113.
    • (1997) Bull Hyg Trop Dis , vol.54 , pp. 113
    • Zuckerman, A.J.1
  • 8
    • 76549181000 scopus 로고
    • A new antigen in leukemia sera
    • Blumberg B.S., Alter H.J., Visnich S.A. A new antigen in leukemia sera. JAMA 1965, 191:541-546.
    • (1965) JAMA , vol.191 , pp. 541-546
    • Blumberg, B.S.1    Alter, H.J.2    Visnich, S.A.3
  • 9
    • 85004559135 scopus 로고
    • Infectious hepatitis: evidence for two distinctive clinical, epidemiological, and immunological types of infection
    • Krugman S., Giles J.P., Hammond J. Infectious hepatitis: evidence for two distinctive clinical, epidemiological, and immunological types of infection. JAMA 1967, 200:365-373.
    • (1967) JAMA , vol.200 , pp. 365-373
    • Krugman, S.1    Giles, J.P.2    Hammond, J.3
  • 10
    • 0014932016 scopus 로고
    • Virus-like particles in serum of patients with Australia-antigen-associated hepatitis
    • Dane D.S., Cameron C.H., Briggs M. Virus-like particles in serum of patients with Australia-antigen-associated hepatitis. Lancet 1970, 1:695-698.
    • (1970) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 695-698
    • Dane, D.S.1    Cameron, C.H.2    Briggs, M.3
  • 11
    • 0016245955 scopus 로고
    • DNA of a human hepatitis B virus candidate
    • Robinson W.S., Clayton D.A., Greenman R.L. DNA of a human hepatitis B virus candidate. J Virol 1974, 14:384-391.
    • (1974) J Virol , vol.14 , pp. 384-391
    • Robinson, W.S.1    Clayton, D.A.2    Greenman, R.L.3
  • 13
    • 0001435504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepadnaviridae: the viruses and their replication
    • Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, D.M. Knipe, P.M. Howley (Eds.)
    • Ganem D., Schneider R.J. Hepadnaviridae: the viruses and their replication. Fields Virology 2001, 2923-2969. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia. 4th ed. D.M. Knipe, P.M. Howley (Eds.).
    • (2001) Fields Virology , pp. 2923-2969
    • Ganem, D.1    Schneider, R.J.2
  • 14
    • 0016818908 scopus 로고
    • Genome of hepatitis B virus: restriction enzyme cleavage and structure of DNA extracted from Dane particles
    • Summers J., O'Connell A., Millman I. Genome of hepatitis B virus: restriction enzyme cleavage and structure of DNA extracted from Dane particles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1975, 72:4597-4601.
    • (1975) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.72 , pp. 4597-4601
    • Summers, J.1    O'Connell, A.2    Millman, I.3
  • 15
    • 0017756176 scopus 로고
    • Structure of hepatitis B Dane particle DNA and nature of the endogenous DNA polymerase reaction
    • Landers T.A., Greenberg H.B., Robinson W.S. Structure of hepatitis B Dane particle DNA and nature of the endogenous DNA polymerase reaction. J Virol 1977, 23:368-376.
    • (1977) J Virol , vol.23 , pp. 368-376
    • Landers, T.A.1    Greenberg, H.B.2    Robinson, W.S.3
  • 17
    • 34250213863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sequence of the RNA primer and the DNA template influence the initiation of plus-strand DNA synthesis in hepatitis B virus
    • Haines K.M., Loeb D.D. The sequence of the RNA primer and the DNA template influence the initiation of plus-strand DNA synthesis in hepatitis B virus. J Mol Biol 2007, 370:471-480.
    • (2007) J Mol Biol , vol.370 , pp. 471-480
    • Haines, K.M.1    Loeb, D.D.2
  • 18
  • 19
    • 34447500303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus genetic variability and evolution
    • Kay A., Zoulim F. Hepatitis B virus genetic variability and evolution. Virus Res 2007, 127:164-176.
    • (2007) Virus Res , vol.127 , pp. 164-176
    • Kay, A.1    Zoulim, F.2
  • 20
    • 0024293490 scopus 로고
    • The amino-terminal domain of the hepadnaviral P-gene encodes the terminal protein (genome-linked protein) believed to prime reverse transcription
    • Bartenschlager R., Schaller H. The amino-terminal domain of the hepadnaviral P-gene encodes the terminal protein (genome-linked protein) believed to prime reverse transcription. EMBO J 1988, 7:4185-4192.
    • (1988) EMBO J , vol.7 , pp. 4185-4192
    • Bartenschlager, R.1    Schaller, H.2
  • 21
    • 0026625616 scopus 로고
    • Alternate translation initiation on hepatitis B virus X mRNA produces multiple polypeptides that differentially transactivate class II and III promoters
    • Kwee L., Lucito R., Aufiero B., Schneider R.J. Alternate translation initiation on hepatitis B virus X mRNA produces multiple polypeptides that differentially transactivate class II and III promoters. J Virol 1992, 66:4382-4389.
    • (1992) J Virol , vol.66 , pp. 4382-4389
    • Kwee, L.1    Lucito, R.2    Aufiero, B.3    Schneider, R.J.4
  • 22
    • 0019949367 scopus 로고
    • Replication of the genome of a hepatitis B-like virus by reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate
    • Summers J., Mason W.S. Replication of the genome of a hepatitis B-like virus by reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate. Cell 1982, 29:403-415.
    • (1982) Cell , vol.29 , pp. 403-415
    • Summers, J.1    Mason, W.S.2
  • 23
    • 0028107756 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase and its many roles in hepadnaviral genomic replication
    • Ganem D., Pollack J.R., Tavis J. Hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase and its many roles in hepadnaviral genomic replication. Infect Agents Dis 1994, 3:85-93.
    • (1994) Infect Agents Dis , vol.3 , pp. 85-93
    • Ganem, D.1    Pollack, J.R.2    Tavis, J.3
  • 24
    • 0002668845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replication of the hepatitis virus genome
    • ColdSpringHarbor Laboratory Press, New York, M.L. DePamphilis (Ed.)
    • Seeger C., Mason W.S. Replication of the hepatitis virus genome. DNA Replication in Eukaryotic Cells 1996, 815-831. ColdSpringHarbor Laboratory Press, New York. M.L. DePamphilis (Ed.).
    • (1996) DNA Replication in Eukaryotic Cells , pp. 815-831
    • Seeger, C.1    Mason, W.S.2
  • 25
    • 0026019665 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus binds to peripheral blood mononuclear cells via the pre S1 protein
    • Pontisso P., Morsica G., Ruvoletto M.G., et al. Hepatitis B virus binds to peripheral blood mononuclear cells via the pre S1 protein. J Hepatol 1991, 12:203-206.
    • (1991) J Hepatol , vol.12 , pp. 203-206
    • Pontisso, P.1    Morsica, G.2    Ruvoletto, M.G.3
  • 26
    • 0026528302 scopus 로고
    • PreSl-specific binding proteins as potential receptors for hepatitis B virus in human hepatocytes
    • Petit M.A., Capel F., Dubanchet S., Habit H. PreSl-specific binding proteins as potential receptors for hepatitis B virus in human hepatocytes. Virology 1992, 187:211-222.
    • (1992) Virology , vol.187 , pp. 211-222
    • Petit, M.A.1    Capel, F.2    Dubanchet, S.3    Habit, H.4
  • 27
    • 0026638885 scopus 로고
    • Receptor for pre-SI (21-47) component of hepatitis B virus on the liver cell: role in virus cell interaction
    • Dash S., Rao K.V.S., Panda S.K. Receptor for pre-SI (21-47) component of hepatitis B virus on the liver cell: role in virus cell interaction. J Med Virol 1992, 37:116-121.
    • (1992) J Med Virol , vol.37 , pp. 116-121
    • Dash, S.1    Rao, K.V.S.2    Panda, S.K.3
  • 28
    • 0028293286 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus surface antigen binds to apolipoprotein H
    • Mehdi H., Kaplan M.J., Anlar F.Y., et al. Hepatitis B virus surface antigen binds to apolipoprotein H. J Virol 1994, 68:2415-2424.
    • (1994) J Virol , vol.68 , pp. 2415-2424
    • Mehdi, H.1    Kaplan, M.J.2    Anlar, F.Y.3
  • 29
    • 0024603006 scopus 로고
    • Human liver plasma membranes contain receptors for the hepatitis B virus preS1 region and, via polymerized human serum albumin, for the preS2 region
    • Pontisso P., Petit M.A., Bankowski M.J., Peeples M.E. Human liver plasma membranes contain receptors for the hepatitis B virus preS1 region and, via polymerized human serum albumin, for the preS2 region. J Virol 1989, 63:1981-1988.
    • (1989) J Virol , vol.63 , pp. 1981-1988
    • Pontisso, P.1    Petit, M.A.2    Bankowski, M.J.3    Peeples, M.E.4
  • 30
    • 0029019153 scopus 로고
    • Gp180, a host cell glycoprotein that binds duck hepatitis B virus particles is encoded by a member of the carboxypeptidase gene family
    • Kuroki K., Eng F., Ishikawa T., Turck C., Harada F., Ganem D. gp180, a host cell glycoprotein that binds duck hepatitis B virus particles is encoded by a member of the carboxypeptidase gene family. J Biol Chem 1995, 270:15022-15028.
    • (1995) J Biol Chem , vol.270 , pp. 15022-15028
    • Kuroki, K.1    Eng, F.2    Ishikawa, T.3    Turck, C.4    Harada, F.5    Ganem, D.6
  • 31
    • 0026573138 scopus 로고
    • Search for hepatitis B virus cell receptors reveals binding sites for interleukin 6 on the virus envelope protein
    • Neurath A.R., Strick N., Sproul P. Search for hepatitis B virus cell receptors reveals binding sites for interleukin 6 on the virus envelope protein. J Exp Med 1992, 175:461-469.
    • (1992) J Exp Med , vol.175 , pp. 461-469
    • Neurath, A.R.1    Strick, N.2    Sproul, P.3
  • 32
    • 0029782182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protease-activated lymphoid cell and hepatocyte recognition site in the preS1 domain of the large woodchuck hepatitis virus envelope protein
    • Jin Y.M., Churchill N.D., Michalak T.I. Protease-activated lymphoid cell and hepatocyte recognition site in the preS1 domain of the large woodchuck hepatitis virus envelope protein. J Gen Virol 1996, 77:1837-1846.
    • (1996) J Gen Virol , vol.77 , pp. 1837-1846
    • Jin, Y.M.1    Churchill, N.D.2    Michalak, T.I.3
  • 33
    • 0027272784 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the earliest steps of hepadnavirus replication: genome repair after infectious entry into hepatocytes does not depend on viral polymerase activity
    • Kock J., Schlicht H.J. Analysis of the earliest steps of hepadnavirus replication: genome repair after infectious entry into hepatocytes does not depend on viral polymerase activity. J Virol 1993, 67:4867-4874.
    • (1993) J Virol , vol.67 , pp. 4867-4874
    • Kock, J.1    Schlicht, H.J.2
  • 34
    • 0021488492 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus transcription in the infected liver
    • Cattaneo R., Will H., Schaller H. Hepatitis B virus transcription in the infected liver. EMBO J 1984, 3:2191-2196.
    • (1984) EMBO J , vol.3 , pp. 2191-2196
    • Cattaneo, R.1    Will, H.2    Schaller, H.3
  • 35
    • 0022357385 scopus 로고
    • Mapping the major transcripts of ground squirrel hepatitis virus: the presumptive template for reverse transcriptase is terminally redundant
    • Enders G.H., Ganem D., Varmus H. Mapping the major transcripts of ground squirrel hepatitis virus: the presumptive template for reverse transcriptase is terminally redundant. Cell 1985, 42(1):297-308.
    • (1985) Cell , vol.42 , Issue.1 , pp. 297-308
    • Enders, G.H.1    Ganem, D.2    Varmus, H.3
  • 36
    • 0026021715 scopus 로고
    • Characterization and genetic analysis of alternatively spliced transcripts of hepatitis B virus in infected human liver tissues and transfected HepG2 Cells
    • Wu H.L., Chen P.J., Tu S.J., Lin M.H., Lai M.Y., Chen D.S. Characterization and genetic analysis of alternatively spliced transcripts of hepatitis B virus in infected human liver tissues and transfected HepG2 Cells. J Virol 1991, 65:1680-1686.
    • (1991) J Virol , vol.65 , pp. 1680-1686
    • Wu, H.L.1    Chen, P.J.2    Tu, S.J.3    Lin, M.H.4    Lai, M.Y.5    Chen, D.S.6
  • 37
    • 0037335138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The expression of hepatitis B spliced protein (HBSP) encoded by a spliced hepatitis B virus RNA is associated with viral replication and liver fibrosis
    • Soussan P., Tuveri R., Nalpas B., et al. The expression of hepatitis B spliced protein (HBSP) encoded by a spliced hepatitis B virus RNA is associated with viral replication and liver fibrosis. J Hepatol 2003, 38:343-348.
    • (2003) J Hepatol , vol.38 , pp. 343-348
    • Soussan, P.1    Tuveri, R.2    Nalpas, B.3
  • 38
    • 0032519919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The secreted hepatitis B precore antigen can modulate the immune response to the nucleocapsid: a mechanism for persistence
    • Milich D.R., Chen M.K., Hughes J.L., Jones J.E. The secreted hepatitis B precore antigen can modulate the immune response to the nucleocapsid: a mechanism for persistence. J Immunol 1998, 160:2013-2021.
    • (1998) J Immunol , vol.160 , pp. 2013-2021
    • Milich, D.R.1    Chen, M.K.2    Hughes, J.L.3    Jones, J.E.4
  • 39
    • 0028228462 scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic mixing between different hepadnavirus nucleocapsid proteins reveals C protein dimerization to be cis preferential
    • Chang C., Zhou S., Ganem D., Standring D.N. Phenotypic mixing between different hepadnavirus nucleocapsid proteins reveals C protein dimerization to be cis preferential. J Virol 1994, 68:5225-5231.
    • (1994) J Virol , vol.68 , pp. 5225-5231
    • Chang, C.1    Zhou, S.2    Ganem, D.3    Standring, D.N.4
  • 40
    • 0028307177 scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional structure of hepatitis B virus core particles determined by electron cryomicroscopy
    • Crowther R.A., Kiselev N.A., Böttcher B., et al. Three-dimensional structure of hepatitis B virus core particles determined by electron cryomicroscopy. Cell 1994, 77:943-950.
    • (1994) Cell , vol.77 , pp. 943-950
    • Crowther, R.A.1    Kiselev, N.A.2    Böttcher, B.3
  • 41
    • 0029950758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dimorphism of hepatitis B virus capsids is strongly influenced by the C-terminus of the capsid protein
    • Zlotnick A., Cheng N., Conway J.F., et al. Dimorphism of hepatitis B virus capsids is strongly influenced by the C-terminus of the capsid protein. Biochem 1996, 35:7412-7421.
    • (1996) Biochem , vol.35 , pp. 7412-7421
    • Zlotnick, A.1    Cheng, N.2    Conway, J.F.3
  • 42
    • 0033152857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The crystal structure of the human hepatitis B virus capsid
    • Wynne S.A., Crowther R.A., Leslie A.G. The crystal structure of the human hepatitis B virus capsid. Mol Cell 1999, 3:771-780.
    • (1999) Mol Cell , vol.3 , pp. 771-780
    • Wynne, S.A.1    Crowther, R.A.2    Leslie, A.G.3
  • 43
    • 0023499809 scopus 로고
    • Immunogenicity of the gene S and pre-S domains in hepatitis B virions and HBsAg filaments
    • Heermann K.H., Kruse F., Seifer M., Gerlich W.H. Immunogenicity of the gene S and pre-S domains in hepatitis B virions and HBsAg filaments. Intervirology 1987, 28:14-25.
    • (1987) Intervirology , vol.28 , pp. 14-25
    • Heermann, K.H.1    Kruse, F.2    Seifer, M.3    Gerlich, W.H.4
  • 44
    • 0027422748 scopus 로고
    • From hepatitis to hepatoma: lessons from type B viral hepatitis
    • Chen D.S. From hepatitis to hepatoma: lessons from type B viral hepatitis. Science 1993, 262:369-370.
    • (1993) Science , vol.262 , pp. 369-370
    • Chen, D.S.1
  • 45
    • 8644274040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The enigmatic X gene of hepatitis B virus
    • Bouchard M.J., Schneider R.J. The enigmatic X gene of hepatitis B virus. J Virol 2004, 78:12725-12734.
    • (2004) J Virol , vol.78 , pp. 12725-12734
    • Bouchard, M.J.1    Schneider, R.J.2
  • 46
    • 33748288087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular functions and biological roles of hepatitis B virus X protein
    • Tang H., Oishi N., Kaneko S., Murakami S. Molecular functions and biological roles of hepatitis B virus X protein. Cancer Sci 2006, 97:977-983.
    • (2006) Cancer Sci , vol.97 , pp. 977-983
    • Tang, H.1    Oishi, N.2    Kaneko, S.3    Murakami, S.4
  • 47
    • 0032847032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus X protein: structure, function and biology
    • Murakami S. Hepatitis B virus X protein: structure, function and biology. Intervirology 1999, 42:81-99.
    • (1999) Intervirology , vol.42 , pp. 81-99
    • Murakami, S.1
  • 48
    • 33746268320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma
    • Pang R., Tse E., Poon R.T.P. Molecular pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2006, 240:157-169.
    • (2006) Cancer Lett , vol.240 , pp. 157-169
    • Pang, R.1    Tse, E.2    Poon, R.T.P.3
  • 49
    • 0031460372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus X protein and p53 tumor suppressor interactions in the modulation of apoptosis
    • Elmore L.W., Hancock A.R., Chang S.F., et al. Hepatitis B virus X protein and p53 tumor suppressor interactions in the modulation of apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997, 94:14707-14712.
    • (1997) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.94 , pp. 14707-14712
    • Elmore, L.W.1    Hancock, A.R.2    Chang, S.F.3
  • 50
    • 33745593035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus pre-S mutants, endoplasmic reticulum stress and hepatocarcinogenesis
    • Wang H.C., Huang W., Lai M.D., Su I.J. Hepatitis B virus pre-S mutants, endoplasmic reticulum stress and hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancer Sci 2006, 97:683-688.
    • (2006) Cancer Sci , vol.97 , pp. 683-688
    • Wang, H.C.1    Huang, W.2    Lai, M.D.3    Su, I.J.4
  • 51
    • 0028949528 scopus 로고
    • Transactivation of cellular gene expression by hepatitis B viral proteins: a possible molecular mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis
    • Caselmann W.H. Transactivation of cellular gene expression by hepatitis B viral proteins: a possible molecular mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis. J Hepatol 1995, 22(suppl):34-37.
    • (1995) J Hepatol , vol.22 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 34-37
    • Caselmann, W.H.1
  • 52
    • 0024593741 scopus 로고
    • Biosynthesis of the reverse transcriptase of hepatitis B viruses involves de novo translational initiation not ribosomal frameshifting
    • Chang L.J., Pryciak P., Ganem D., Varmus H.E. Biosynthesis of the reverse transcriptase of hepatitis B viruses involves de novo translational initiation not ribosomal frameshifting. Nature 1989, 337:364-368.
    • (1989) Nature , vol.337 , pp. 364-368
    • Chang, L.J.1    Pryciak, P.2    Ganem, D.3    Varmus, H.E.4
  • 53
    • 0026706346 scopus 로고
    • Hepadnaviral assembly is initiated by polymerase binding to the encapsidation signal in the viral RNA genome
    • Bartenschlager R., Schaller H. Hepadnaviral assembly is initiated by polymerase binding to the encapsidation signal in the viral RNA genome. EMBO J 1992, 11:3413-3420.
    • (1992) EMBO J , vol.11 , pp. 3413-3420
    • Bartenschlager, R.1    Schaller, H.2
  • 54
    • 0025045477 scopus 로고
    • A short cis-acting sequence is required for hepatitis B virus pregenome encapsidation and sufficient for packaging of foreign RNA
    • Junker-Niepmann M., Bartenschlager R., Schaller H. A short cis-acting sequence is required for hepatitis B virus pregenome encapsidation and sufficient for packaging of foreign RNA. EMBO J 1990, 9:3389-3396.
    • (1990) EMBO J , vol.9 , pp. 3389-3396
    • Junker-Niepmann, M.1    Bartenschlager, R.2    Schaller, H.3
  • 55
    • 0025026431 scopus 로고
    • The P gene product of hepatitis B virus is required as a structural component for genomic RNA encapsidation
    • Bartenschlager R., Junker-Niepmann M., Schaller H. The P gene product of hepatitis B virus is required as a structural component for genomic RNA encapsidation. J Virol 1990, 64:5324-5332.
    • (1990) J Virol , vol.64 , pp. 5324-5332
    • Bartenschlager, R.1    Junker-Niepmann, M.2    Schaller, H.3
  • 56
    • 0025238448 scopus 로고
    • Polymerase gene products of hepatitis B viruses are required for genomic RNA packaging as well as for reverse transcription
    • Hirsch R.C., Lavine J.E., Chang L.J., Varmus H.E., Ganem D. Polymerase gene products of hepatitis B viruses are required for genomic RNA packaging as well as for reverse transcription. Nature 1990, 344:552-555.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.344 , pp. 552-555
    • Hirsch, R.C.1    Lavine, J.E.2    Chang, L.J.3    Varmus, H.E.4    Ganem, D.5
  • 57
    • 0027167557 scopus 로고
    • An RNA stem-loop structure directs hepatitis B virus genomic RNA encapsidation
    • Pollack J.R., Ganem D. An RNA stem-loop structure directs hepatitis B virus genomic RNA encapsidation. J Virol 1993, 67:3254-3263.
    • (1993) J Virol , vol.67 , pp. 3254-3263
    • Pollack, J.R.1    Ganem, D.2
  • 58
    • 0029655242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific hepatitis B virus minus-strand DNA synthesis requires only the 5' encapsidation signal and the 3'-proximal direct repeat DR1
    • Rieger A., Nassal M. Specific hepatitis B virus minus-strand DNA synthesis requires only the 5' encapsidation signal and the 3'-proximal direct repeat DR1. J Virol 1996, 70:585-589.
    • (1996) J Virol , vol.70 , pp. 585-589
    • Rieger, A.1    Nassal, M.2
  • 59
    • 0026493753 scopus 로고
    • The reverse transcriptase of hepatitis B virus acts as a protein primer for viral DNA synthesis
    • Wang G.H., Seeger C. The reverse transcriptase of hepatitis B virus acts as a protein primer for viral DNA synthesis. Cell 1992, 71:663-670.
    • (1992) Cell , vol.71 , pp. 663-670
    • Wang, G.H.1    Seeger, C.2
  • 60
    • 0028300388 scopus 로고
    • Hepadnavirus P protein utilizes a tyrosine residue in the TP domain to prime reverse transcription
    • Weber M., Bronsema V., Bartos H., Bosserhoff A., Bartenschlager R., Schaller H. Hepadnavirus P protein utilizes a tyrosine residue in the TP domain to prime reverse transcription. J Virol 1994, 68:2994-2999.
    • (1994) J Virol , vol.68 , pp. 2994-2999
    • Weber, M.1    Bronsema, V.2    Bartos, H.3    Bosserhoff, A.4    Bartenschlager, R.5    Schaller, H.6
  • 61
    • 0028091053 scopus 로고
    • Reverse transcription in hepatitis B viruses is primed by a tyrosine residue of the polymerase
    • Zoulim F., Seeger C. Reverse transcription in hepatitis B viruses is primed by a tyrosine residue of the polymerase. J Virol 1994, 68:6-13.
    • (1994) J Virol , vol.68 , pp. 6-13
    • Zoulim, F.1    Seeger, C.2
  • 62
    • 0029940006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A bulged region of the hepatitis B virus RNA encapsidation signal contains the replication origin for discontinuous first-strand DNA synthesis
    • Nassal M., Rieger A. A bulged region of the hepatitis B virus RNA encapsidation signal contains the replication origin for discontinuous first-strand DNA synthesis. J Virol 1996, 70:2764-2773.
    • (1996) J Virol , vol.70 , pp. 2764-2773
    • Nassal, M.1    Rieger, A.2
  • 63
    • 33144476637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase and ε RNA sequences required for specific interaction in vitro
    • Hu J., Boyer M. Hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase and ε RNA sequences required for specific interaction in vitro. J Virol 2006, 80:2141-2150.
    • (2006) J Virol , vol.80 , pp. 2141-2150
    • Hu, J.1    Boyer, M.2
  • 64
    • 0018937889 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus contains protein covalently attached to the 5' terminus of its complete DNA strand
    • Gerlich W.H., Robinson W.S. Hepatitis B virus contains protein covalently attached to the 5' terminus of its complete DNA strand. Cell 1980, 21:801-809.
    • (1980) Cell , vol.21 , pp. 801-809
    • Gerlich, W.H.1    Robinson, W.S.2
  • 65
    • 0022639461 scopus 로고
    • Evidence that a capped oligo-ribonucleotide is the primer for duck hepatitis B virus plus-strand DNA synthesis
    • Lien J.M., Aldrich C.E., Mason W.S. Evidence that a capped oligo-ribonucleotide is the primer for duck hepatitis B virus plus-strand DNA synthesis. J Virol 1986, 57:229-236.
    • (1986) J Virol , vol.57 , pp. 229-236
    • Lien, J.M.1    Aldrich, C.E.2    Mason, W.S.3
  • 66
    • 0026006212 scopus 로고
    • Sequence-independent RNA cleavages generate the primers for plus strand DNA synthesis in hepatitis B viruses: implications for other reverse transcribing elements
    • Loeb D.L., Hirsch R.C., Ganem D. Sequence-independent RNA cleavages generate the primers for plus strand DNA synthesis in hepatitis B viruses: implications for other reverse transcribing elements. EMBO J 1991, 10:3533-3540.
    • (1991) EMBO J , vol.10 , pp. 3533-3540
    • Loeb, D.L.1    Hirsch, R.C.2    Ganem, D.3
  • 67
    • 0023127729 scopus 로고
    • Replication strategy of human hepatitis B virus
    • Will H., Reiser W., Weimer T., et al. Replication strategy of human hepatitis B virus. J Virol 1987, 61:904-911.
    • (1987) J Virol , vol.61 , pp. 904-911
    • Will, H.1    Reiser, W.2    Weimer, T.3
  • 68
    • 0030922096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cis-acting sequences in addition to donor and acceptor sites are required for template switching during synthesis of plus-strand DNA for duck hepatitis B virus
    • Havert M.B., Loeb D.D. cis-acting sequences in addition to donor and acceptor sites are required for template switching during synthesis of plus-strand DNA for duck hepatitis B virus. J Virol 1997, 71:5336-5344.
    • (1997) J Virol , vol.71 , pp. 5336-5344
    • Havert, M.B.1    Loeb, D.D.2
  • 69
    • 0017365439 scopus 로고
    • DNA synthesized in the hepatitis B Dane particle DNA polymerase reaction
    • Lutwick L.I., Robinson W.S. DNA synthesized in the hepatitis B Dane particle DNA polymerase reaction. J Virol 1977, 21:96-104.
    • (1977) J Virol , vol.21 , pp. 96-104
    • Lutwick, L.I.1    Robinson, W.S.2
  • 70
    • 0026033997 scopus 로고
    • Mutations affecting hepadnavirus plus-strand DNA synthesis dissociate primer cleavage from translocation and reveal the origin of linear viral DNA
    • Staprans S., Loeb D.D., Ganem D. Mutations affecting hepadnavirus plus-strand DNA synthesis dissociate primer cleavage from translocation and reveal the origin of linear viral DNA. J Virol 1991, 65:1255-1262.
    • (1991) J Virol , vol.65 , pp. 1255-1262
    • Staprans, S.1    Loeb, D.D.2    Ganem, D.3
  • 71
    • 0029078179 scopus 로고
    • Illegitimate replication of linear hepadnavirus DNA through nonhomologous recombination
    • Yang W., Summers J. Illegitimate replication of linear hepadnavirus DNA through nonhomologous recombination. J Virol 1995, 69:4029-4036.
    • (1995) J Virol , vol.69 , pp. 4029-4036
    • Yang, W.1    Summers, J.2
  • 72
    • 0032736596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integration of hepadnavirus DNA in infected liver: evidence for a linear precursor
    • Yang W., Summers J. Integration of hepadnavirus DNA in infected liver: evidence for a linear precursor. J Virol 1999, 73:9710-9717.
    • (1999) J Virol , vol.73 , pp. 9710-9717
    • Yang, W.1    Summers, J.2
  • 73
    • 0023028191 scopus 로고
    • Formation of the pool of covalently closed circular viral DNA in hepadnavirus-infected cells
    • Tuttleman J.S., Pourcel C., Summers J. Formation of the pool of covalently closed circular viral DNA in hepadnavirus-infected cells. Cell 1986, 47:451-460.
    • (1986) Cell , vol.47 , pp. 451-460
    • Tuttleman, J.S.1    Pourcel, C.2    Summers, J.3
  • 74
    • 0025334855 scopus 로고
    • Hepadnavirus envelope proteins regulate covalently closed circular DNA amplification
    • Summers J., Smith P.M., Horwich A.L. Hepadnavirus envelope proteins regulate covalently closed circular DNA amplification. J Virol 1990, 64:2819-2824.
    • (1990) J Virol , vol.64 , pp. 2819-2824
    • Summers, J.1    Smith, P.M.2    Horwich, A.L.3
  • 75
    • 0026579879 scopus 로고
    • Rapid resolution of duck hepatitis B virus infections occurs after massive hepatocellular involvement
    • Jilbert A.R., Wu T.T., England J.M., et al. Rapid resolution of duck hepatitis B virus infections occurs after massive hepatocellular involvement. J Virol 1992, 66:1377-1388.
    • (1992) J Virol , vol.66 , pp. 1377-1388
    • Jilbert, A.R.1    Wu, T.T.2    England, J.M.3
  • 76
    • 0027941175 scopus 로고
    • A study of woodchuck hepatitis virus infections revealed very rapid recovery after a prolonged viremia and infection of virtually every hepatocyte
    • Kajino K., Jilbert A.R., Saputelli J., Aldrich C.E., Cullen J., Mason W.S. A study of woodchuck hepatitis virus infections revealed very rapid recovery after a prolonged viremia and infection of virtually every hepatocyte. J Virol 1994, 68:5792-5803.
    • (1994) J Virol , vol.68 , pp. 5792-5803
    • Kajino, K.1    Jilbert, A.R.2    Saputelli, J.3    Aldrich, C.E.4    Cullen, J.5    Mason, W.S.6
  • 77
    • 0026658183 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B surface antigen assembles in a post-ER, pre-Golgi compartment
    • Huovila A.P., Eder A.M., Fuller S.D. Hepatitis B surface antigen assembles in a post-ER, pre-Golgi compartment. J Cell Biol 1992, 118:1305-1320.
    • (1992) J Cell Biol , vol.118 , pp. 1305-1320
    • Huovila, A.P.1    Eder, A.M.2    Fuller, S.D.3
  • 78
    • 0037191796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virus evolution: the importance of being erroneous
    • Bonhoeffer S., Sniegowski P. Virus evolution: the importance of being erroneous. Nature 2002, 420:367-369.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.420 , pp. 367-369
    • Bonhoeffer, S.1    Sniegowski, P.2
  • 79
    • 0023388549 scopus 로고
    • Genomic heterogeneity of hepatitis B virus in a 54-year-old woman who contracted the infection through materno-fetal transmission
    • Okamoto H., Imai M., Kametani M., Nakamura T., Mayumi M. Genomic heterogeneity of hepatitis B virus in a 54-year-old woman who contracted the infection through materno-fetal transmission. Jpn J Exp Med 1987, 57:231-236.
    • (1987) Jpn J Exp Med , vol.57 , pp. 231-236
    • Okamoto, H.1    Imai, M.2    Kametani, M.3    Nakamura, T.4    Mayumi, M.5
  • 80
    • 0345653993 scopus 로고
    • Host-independent evolution and a genetic classification of the hepadnavirus family based on nucleotide sequences
    • Orito E., Mizokami M., Ina Y., et al. Host-independent evolution and a genetic classification of the hepadnavirus family based on nucleotide sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1989, 86:7059-7062.
    • (1989) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.86 , pp. 7059-7062
    • Orito, E.1    Mizokami, M.2    Ina, Y.3
  • 81
  • 82
    • 0343632392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus sequence changes evolving in liver transplant recipients with fulminant hepatitis
    • Sterneck M., Gunther S., Gerlach J., et al. Hepatitis B virus sequence changes evolving in liver transplant recipients with fulminant hepatitis. J Hepatol 1997, 26:754-764.
    • (1997) J Hepatol , vol.26 , pp. 754-764
    • Sterneck, M.1    Gunther, S.2    Gerlach, J.3
  • 83
    • 0033659164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occult hepatitis B virus after acute self-limited infection persisting for 30 years without sequence variation
    • Blackberg J., Kidd-Ljunggren K. Occult hepatitis B virus after acute self-limited infection persisting for 30 years without sequence variation. J Hepatol 2000, 33:992-997.
    • (2000) J Hepatol , vol.33 , pp. 992-997
    • Blackberg, J.1    Kidd-Ljunggren, K.2
  • 84
    • 9144223295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic diversity of hepatitis B virus strains derived worldwide: genotypes, subgenotypes, and HBsAg subtypes
    • Norder H., Courouce A.M., Coursaget P., et al. Genetic diversity of hepatitis B virus strains derived worldwide: genotypes, subgenotypes, and HBsAg subtypes. Intervirology 2004, 47:289-309.
    • (2004) Intervirology , vol.47 , pp. 289-309
    • Norder, H.1    Courouce, A.M.2    Coursaget, P.3
  • 85
    • 0023678258 scopus 로고
    • Typing hepatitis B virus by homology in nucleotide sequence: comparison of surface antigen subtypes
    • Okamoto H., Tsuda F., Sakugawa H., et al. Typing hepatitis B virus by homology in nucleotide sequence: comparison of surface antigen subtypes. J Gen Virol 1988, 69:2575-2583.
    • (1988) J Gen Virol , vol.69 , pp. 2575-2583
    • Okamoto, H.1    Tsuda, F.2    Sakugawa, H.3
  • 86
    • 23044436509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus genotypes
    • Kramvis A., Kew M., Francois G. Hepatitis B virus genotypes. Vaccine 2005, 23:2407-2421.
    • (2005) Vaccine , vol.23 , pp. 2407-2421
    • Kramvis, A.1    Kew, M.2    Francois, G.3
  • 87
    • 14844321911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus: significance of genotypes
    • Schaefer S. Hepatitis B virus: significance of genotypes. J Viral Hepat 2005, 12:111-124.
    • (2005) J Viral Hepat , vol.12 , pp. 111-124
    • Schaefer, S.1
  • 88
    • 79955153803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnogeographical structure of hepatitis B virus genotype distribution in Indonesia and discovery of a new subgenotype, B9
    • Thedja M.D., Muljono D.H., Nurainy N., Sukowati C.H., Verhoef J., Marzuki S. Ethnogeographical structure of hepatitis B virus genotype distribution in Indonesia and discovery of a new subgenotype, B9. Arch Virol 2011, 156:855-868.
    • (2011) Arch Virol , vol.156 , pp. 855-868
    • Thedja, M.D.1    Muljono, D.H.2    Nurainy, N.3    Sukowati, C.H.4    Verhoef, J.5    Marzuki, S.6
  • 89
    • 78649613619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the full-length genomes of novel hepatitis B virus subgenotypes C11 and C12 in Papua, Indonesia
    • Mulyanto, Depamede S.N., Wahyono A., et al. Analysis of the full-length genomes of novel hepatitis B virus subgenotypes C11 and C12 in Papua, Indonesia. J Med Virol 2011, 83:54-64.
    • (2011) J Med Virol , vol.83 , pp. 54-64
    • Mulyanto1    Depamede, S.N.2    Wahyono, A.3
  • 90
    • 67849114362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel hepatitis B virus subgenotype, D7, in Tunisian blood donors
    • Meldal B.H., Moula N.M., Barnes I.H., Boukef K., Allain J.P. A novel hepatitis B virus subgenotype, D7, in Tunisian blood donors. J Gen Virol 2009, 90:1622-1628.
    • (2009) J Gen Virol , vol.90 , pp. 1622-1628
    • Meldal, B.H.1    Moula, N.M.2    Barnes, I.H.3    Boukef, K.4    Allain, J.P.5
  • 91
    • 36849051586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subgenotype diversity of hepatitis B virus American genotype F in Amerindians from Venezuela and the general population of Colombia
    • Devesa M., Loureiro C.L., Rivas Y., et al. Subgenotype diversity of hepatitis B virus American genotype F in Amerindians from Venezuela and the general population of Colombia. J Med Virol 2008, 80:20-26.
    • (2008) J Med Virol , vol.80 , pp. 20-26
    • Devesa, M.1    Loureiro, C.L.2    Rivas, Y.3
  • 92
    • 43949090856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New complex recombinant genotype of hepatitis B virus identified in Vietnam
    • Tran T.T., Trinh T.N., Abe K. New complex recombinant genotype of hepatitis B virus identified in Vietnam. J Virol 2008, 82:5657-5663.
    • (2008) J Virol , vol.82 , pp. 5657-5663
    • Tran, T.T.1    Trinh, T.N.2    Abe, K.3
  • 93
    • 70349731726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genetic variant of hepatitis B virus divergent from known human and ape genotypes isolated from a Japanese patient and provisionally assigned to new genotype J
    • Tatematsu K., Tanaka Y., Kurbanov F., et al. A genetic variant of hepatitis B virus divergent from known human and ape genotypes isolated from a Japanese patient and provisionally assigned to new genotype J. J Virol 2009, 83:10538-10547.
    • (2009) J Virol , vol.83 , pp. 10538-10547
    • Tatematsu, K.1    Tanaka, Y.2    Kurbanov, F.3
  • 94
    • 29744442930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombination in the genesis and evolution of hepatitis B virus genotypes
    • Simmonds P., Midgley S. Recombination in the genesis and evolution of hepatitis B virus genotypes. J Virol 2005, 79:15467-15476.
    • (2005) J Virol , vol.79 , pp. 15467-15476
    • Simmonds, P.1    Midgley, S.2
  • 95
    • 0020679752 scopus 로고
    • Use of and interpretation of results using inocula of hepatitis B virus with known infectivity titers
    • Tabor E., Purcell R.H., London W.T., Gerety R.J. Use of and interpretation of results using inocula of hepatitis B virus with known infectivity titers. J Infect Dis 1983, 147:531-534.
    • (1983) J Infect Dis , vol.147 , pp. 531-534
    • Tabor, E.1    Purcell, R.H.2    London, W.T.3    Gerety, R.J.4
  • 96
    • 0036238818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical significance of hepatitis B virus genotypes
    • Chu C.J., Lok A.S.F. Clinical significance of hepatitis B virus genotypes. Hepatology 2002, 35:1274-1276.
    • (2002) Hepatology , vol.35 , pp. 1274-1276
    • Chu, C.J.1    Lok, A.S.F.2
  • 97
    • 33845609727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic diversity of hepatitis B virus as an important factor associated with differences in clinical outcomes
    • Tanaka Y., Mizokami M. Genetic diversity of hepatitis B virus as an important factor associated with differences in clinical outcomes. J Infect Dis 2007, 195:1-4.
    • (2007) J Infect Dis , vol.195 , pp. 1-4
    • Tanaka, Y.1    Mizokami, M.2
  • 98
    • 24044446868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic hepatitis B and viral genotype: the clinical significance of determining HBV genotypes
    • Guettouche T., Hnatyszyn H.J. Chronic hepatitis B and viral genotype: the clinical significance of determining HBV genotypes. Antivir Ther 2005, 10:593-604.
    • (2005) Antivir Ther , vol.10 , pp. 593-604
    • Guettouche, T.1    Hnatyszyn, H.J.2
  • 99
    • 78650770247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical implications of hepatitis B virus genotype: recent advances
    • Lin C.L., Kao J.H. The clinical implications of hepatitis B virus genotype: recent advances. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011, 26(suppl 1):123-130.
    • (2011) J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.26 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 123-130
    • Lin, C.L.1    Kao, J.H.2
  • 100
    • 60349089993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in India
    • Datta S. An overview of molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in India. Virol J 2008, 5:156.
    • (2008) Virol J , vol.5 , pp. 156
    • Datta, S.1
  • 101
    • 0025873579 scopus 로고
    • Topoisomerase-I mediated integration of hepadnavirus DNA in vitro
    • Wang H.P., Rogler C.E. Topoisomerase-I mediated integration of hepadnavirus DNA in vitro. J Virol 1991, 65:2381-2392.
    • (1991) J Virol , vol.65 , pp. 2381-2392
    • Wang, H.P.1    Rogler, C.E.2
  • 102
    • 0024347723 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis B virus transcript produced by RNA splicing
    • Su T.S., Lai C.J., Huang J.L., et al. Hepatitis B virus transcript produced by RNA splicing. J Virol 1989, 63:4011-4018.
    • (1989) J Virol , vol.63 , pp. 4011-4018
    • Su, T.S.1    Lai, C.J.2    Huang, J.L.3
  • 103
    • 33745829443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation in HBV infection: genotypes and mutants
    • Gunther S. Genetic variation in HBV infection: genotypes and mutants. J Clin Virol 2006, 36:S3-S11.
    • (2006) J Clin Virol , vol.36
    • Gunther, S.1
  • 104
    • 0032731871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The core promoter of hepatitis B virus
    • Kramvis A., Kew M. The core promoter of hepatitis B virus. J Viral Hepat 1999, 6:415-427.
    • (1999) J Viral Hepat , vol.6 , pp. 415-427
    • Kramvis, A.1    Kew, M.2
  • 105
    • 1542723406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific mutations of hepatitis B virus in plasma predict liver cancer development
    • Kuang S.Y., Jackson P.E., Wang J.B., et al. Specific mutations of hepatitis B virus in plasma predict liver cancer development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004, 101:3575-3580.
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.101 , pp. 3575-3580
    • Kuang, S.Y.1    Jackson, P.E.2    Wang, J.B.3
  • 106
    • 48549088872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ground glass hepatocytes contain pre-S mutants and represent preneoplastic lesions in chronic hepatitis B virus infection
    • Su I.J., Wang H.C., Wu H.C., Huang W.Y. Ground glass hepatocytes contain pre-S mutants and represent preneoplastic lesions in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008, 23:1169-1174.
    • (2008) J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.23 , pp. 1169-1174
    • Su, I.J.1    Wang, H.C.2    Wu, H.C.3    Huang, W.Y.4
  • 107
    • 32044461820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The concept of hepatitis B virus mutant escape
    • Pawlotsky J.M. The concept of hepatitis B virus mutant escape. J Clin Virol 2005, 34(suppl 1):S125-S129.
    • (2005) J Clin Virol , vol.34 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Pawlotsky, J.M.1
  • 108
    • 0036701918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The virological and clinical significance of mutations in the overlapping envelope and polymerase genes of hepatitis B virus
    • Torresi J. The virological and clinical significance of mutations in the overlapping envelope and polymerase genes of hepatitis B virus. J Clin Virol 2002, 25:97-106.
    • (2002) J Clin Virol , vol.25 , pp. 97-106
    • Torresi, J.1
  • 109
    • 0025075422 scopus 로고
    • Vaccine-induced escape mutant of hepatitis B virus
    • Carman W.F., Zanetti A.R., Karayiannis P., et al. Vaccine-induced escape mutant of hepatitis B virus. Lancet 1990, 336:325-329.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.336 , pp. 325-329
    • Carman, W.F.1    Zanetti, A.R.2    Karayiannis, P.3
  • 110
    • 0034988595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaccine- and hepatitis B immune globulin-induced escape mutations of hepatitis B virus surface antigen
    • Cooreman M.P., Leroux-Roels G., Paulij W.P. Vaccine- and hepatitis B immune globulin-induced escape mutations of hepatitis B virus surface antigen. J Biomed Sci 2001, 8:237-247.
    • (2001) J Biomed Sci , vol.8 , pp. 237-247
    • Cooreman, M.P.1    Leroux-Roels, G.2    Paulij, W.P.3
  • 111
    • 34247194561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of hepatitis B: summary of a clinical research workshop
    • Hoofnagle J.H., Doo E., Liang T.J., Fleischer R., Lok A.S. Management of hepatitis B: summary of a clinical research workshop. Hepatology 2007, 45:1056-1075.
    • (2007) Hepatology , vol.45 , pp. 1056-1075
    • Hoofnagle, J.H.1    Doo, E.2    Liang, T.J.3    Fleischer, R.4    Lok, A.S.5
  • 112
    • 17744375593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nomenclature for antiviral-resistant human hepatitis B virus mutations in the polymerase region
    • Stuyver L.J., Locarnini S.A., Lok A., et al. Nomenclature for antiviral-resistant human hepatitis B virus mutations in the polymerase region. Hepatology 2001, 33:751-757.
    • (2001) Hepatology , vol.33 , pp. 751-757
    • Stuyver, L.J.1    Locarnini, S.A.2    Lok, A.3
  • 113
    • 0041853784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance to adefovir dipivoxil therapy associated with development of a novel mutation in the HBV polymerase
    • Angus P., Vaughan R., Xiong S., et al. Resistance to adefovir dipivoxil therapy associated with development of a novel mutation in the HBV polymerase. Gastroenterology 2003, 125:292-297.
    • (2003) Gastroenterology , vol.125 , pp. 292-297
    • Angus, P.1    Vaughan, R.2    Xiong, S.3
  • 114
    • 77953431554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular genesis of drug resistant and vaccine escape HBV mutants
    • Locarnini S., Yuen L. Molecular genesis of drug resistant and vaccine escape HBV mutants. Anitvir Ther 2010, 15:451-461.
    • (2010) Anitvir Ther , vol.15 , pp. 451-461
    • Locarnini, S.1    Yuen, L.2
  • 115
    • 77957311078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery and development of anti-HBV agents and their resistance
    • Kim K.H., Kim N.D., Seong B.L. Discovery and development of anti-HBV agents and their resistance. Molecules 2010, 15:5878-5908.
    • (2010) Molecules , vol.15 , pp. 5878-5908
    • Kim, K.H.1    Kim, N.D.2    Seong, B.L.3
  • 116
    • 56749157985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of hepatitis B virus X gene phylogeny, genetic variability and its impact on pathogenesis: implications in Eastern Indian HBV carriers
    • Datta S., Banerjee A., Chandra P.K., et al. Analysis of hepatitis B virus X gene phylogeny, genetic variability and its impact on pathogenesis: implications in Eastern Indian HBV carriers. Virology 2008, 382:190-198.
    • (2008) Virology , vol.382 , pp. 190-198
    • Datta, S.1    Banerjee, A.2    Chandra, P.K.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.